KS4 Energy - Energy Resources

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KS4 Energy - Energy Resources


Sources of energy

What are the sources for most of the energy on Earth?

3. Radioactive elements made in Supernova explosions are another source of energy.

1. The vast majority of the energy resources on Earth can trace their energy back to the Sun.

2. The Moon is another source of energy.


Types of energy resource

There are two types of energy resource:

1. ____________

2. ____________

Renewable energy resources will never run out (at least not for a very long time), or can be regenerated.Examples: W___ and S___.

Non-renewable energy resources will eventually run out, once used they can not be used again.

Examples: C___ and O_.

ind olar

oal il

RenewableNon-renewable


Energy resources

Renewable Non-renewableCoal

Oil

Natural gas

Nuclear

Wind

Solar

Wave

TidalHydroelectric

Biomass

Geothermal


Fossil fuels

What is a fuel?

What is a fossil fuel?

Name three fossil fuels:1.___________2.___________3.___________

A fuel is a store of chemical energy.

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed from the remains of animals and plants over millions of years.

OilNatural gas

Coal


How was coal formed?

Millions of years ago trees died and fell to the bottom of swamps.

Over time they became covered by mud and rock.

Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure…..

….the trees became fossilised forming coal.


How was oil and natural gas formed?

Millions of years ago plankton died and fell to the bottom of seas and oceans.

Over time they became covered by mud and rock.

Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure…..

….the plankton became oil and natural gas.


Burning causes pollution

burn in oxygen

Heat energy

Ash

Carbon dioxide

Sulphur dioxide

The heat energy is useful, however……..

Ash is a waste product which needs to be disposed.Carbon dioxide causes the Greenhouse Effect.Sulphur dioxide causes Acid Rain.


Carbon dioxide

When you burn a fossil fuel what gas is formed from the burning of carbon?

What is the chemical formula of this compound?

What environmental problem does this gas cause us?

Carbon dioxide

CO2

The Greenhouse Effect

Which renewable energy source also causes this effect?

Biomass


The Greenhouse Effect

But the radiation cannot easily escape as the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflects it back to Earth.

The Earth’s atmosphere allows the Sun’s radiation to enter.


Flooding

C_____ d_____ is a greenhouse gas, it lets the Sun’s heat energy into the Earth’s a________ but it will not let it escape.

This results in the Earth getting w_____. We call this effect the Greenhouse Effect. G____ W____ results in the icecaps melting which could lead to f______, the temperature rises and the flooding could lead to the destruction of h______.

arbon ioxidetmosphere

armerlobal arming

looding

abitats


Acid Rain

Burning fossil fuels containing sulphur/sodium causes sulphur dioxide/sulphur monoxide to be formed. This gas is released by power stations and mixes with water/alkali in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Sulphur in coal

Sulphur dioxide Acid Rain

combustion mixed with water

What are the problems caused by acid rain?


Acid Rain problems

What are the problems acid rain causes?

kills trees

kills water life

corrodes buildings and statues

acidifies soil

How can we reduce the problems caused by acid rain?


Reducing acid rain

Sulphur dioxide causes most of the acid rain (sulphuric acid), but carbon dioxide when mixed with water in the atmosphere can cause acid rain (carbonic acid) as well.

Ways to reduce Acid Rain ( or x):

1.Burn less fossil fuels.

2.Burn more coal.

3.Use wind or solar energy.

4.Fit expensive filters that remove sulphur dioxide.

5.Use expensive coal that contains little sulphur.

x


Fossil fuels pros and cons

Advantages Disadvantages

Non-renewable

Acid rain

Greenhouse effect

Readily available

Easily transported

Therefore cheap


How long will they last?

Fuel How long will it last? (years)

Natural gas

Oil

Coal

Nuclear

25-30

About 300

About 75

Thousands

Coa

l

Oil

Nat

ural

ga

s

Nuc

lear

Even though nuclear fuel will last thousands of year it will still run out eventually.


Nuclear energy

What fuels are used in nuclear power stations?

What process releases the nuclear energy?

What are the main advantages of nuclear power?

Uranium and plutonium

Nuclear fission

A large amount of energy for a small amount of fuel, no acid rain, no greenhouse effect, cheap to run once built.


What are the disadvantages of nuclear power?

Chernobyl Expensive to build

Expensive to decommission

Radioactive waste

Links with cancer

Large amounts of water required for cooling

purposes kills water life

Non-renewable

Risk of disaster


Fossil fuel power stations

Power stations convert c______ energy into e______ energy.

Name three different parts of a power station?

________________________

In what order does energy pass through a power station?

Boiler GeneratorTurbine

hemical lectrical

turbineboiler

generator


Parts of power station

Device DescriptionInput

energyOutput energy

Boiler

Turbine

Generator

chemical heat

heat kinetic

kinetic electrical

Burns fuel to change water into steam

Steam turns the turbine

Turbine connected to generator makes electricity

Where is most of the energy lost? in the turbines

In what form is the energy lost? heat energy


Nuclear power stations

Nuclear power stations have an extra part: _______

What are the different parts of a nuclear power station called?

_______ _______ _______ _______

In what order does energy pass through a power station?

reactor

turbine boiler generator reactor

Boiler GeneratorReactor Turbine

What happens in the reactor?

Nuclear fission occurs releasing vast amounts of energy.


Which gas below causes acid rain?

A. Sulphur dioxide

B. Ammonia

C. Oxygen

D. Nitrogen


What gas causes the Greenhouse Effect?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Carbon monoxide

C. Sulphur dioxide

D. Sulphur monoxide


What is the energy change for a turbine?

A. Kinetic gravitational

B. Chemical kinetic

C. Kinetic electrical

D. Heat Kinetic


Which of the following is a fuel used in nuclear power stations?

A. Coal

B. Oil

C. Geothermal

D. Uranium


Which of the following is not a problem associated with acid rain?

A. Corrodes buildings and statues

B. Kills trees

C. Raises global temperatures

D. Kills water life

KS4 Energy - Energy Resources

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