Name KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers Q1. The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus. Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood. Other substances pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood. Which way, if any, do the substances in the table pass? Tick one box in each row. 4 marks Patrick Brannac www.SmashingChemistry.com Page 1 of 47
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Name
KS3 Bio 7B Reproduction 116marks 4Teachers
Q1. The drawing shows a baby inside its mother’s uterus.
Some substances pass from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood.
Other substances pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood.
Which way, if any, do the substances in the table pass?
Tick one box in each row.
4 marks
Patrick Brannac www.SmashingChemistry.com Page 1 of 36
substance passes from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood
passes from the baby’s blood to
the mother’s blood
poisons from cigarette smoke
oxygen digested food carbon dioxide
[4] M2. (a) ovaryaccept ‘ovaries’ do not accept ‘ovum’
1 (L6)(b) uterusaccept ‘womb’
1 (L6)(c) (i) placentado not accept ‘umbilical cord’
1 (L6)(ii) any one from• oxygen• antibodies• waterdo not accept ‘air’ or ‘blood’ or ‘liquidor ‘food’ or any type of nutrient
1 (L6)(d) reproductive systemaccept ‘reproductive’ or ‘reproduction’do not accept ‘sex organs’
1 (L6)[5]
M3. (a)
part description• oviduct • testes • ovary
accept ‘fallopian (tube)’ for oviduct‘egg tube’ is insufficientaccept ‘testis’ or ‘testicle(s)’ for testesdo not accept ‘ovules’ for ovaryaccept only the technical terms given
3 (L5)(b) • 9accept ‘9 ½’accept a number in the range of 37– 42 only if the unit is changed to ‘weeks’
1 (L5)• contractaccept ‘contractions’‘tense’ is insufficientaccept ‘contract and relax’‘squeeze’ is insufficient
accept ‘(muscles) get shorter’‘get smaller’ is insufficient as the volume of the muscles does not change
1 (L5)• umbilical cordaccept ‘cord’ or ‘umbilical’‘tube’ is insufficient
1 (L5)[6]
M4. (a) any one from• has tail or flagellum• it is streamlinedaccept ‘it has a pointed head’accept ‘it only contains half the number of chromosomes’
1 (L7)(b) cilia move or push the eggaccept ‘to waft the egg along’
1 (L7)(c) any three from• from the mother’s intestineaccept ‘through the mother’s gut’• carried in the mother’s blood• through the placenta• into the blood of the foetus• along the umbilical cord
3 (L7)[5]
M5. (a) • a monthly
1 (L6)• the uterusaccept ‘uterus’
1 (L6)• an ovaryaccept ‘ovary’
1 (L6)• the middle
1 (L6)(b) any two from• voice becomes deeper• increase in facial hair• increase in body hairaccept ‘voice breaks or changes’accept ‘grows a beard’accept ‘growth of pubic hairor hairy chestor hair in armpits’• growth of penis• growth of testes or testicles• start to produce sperm• growth spurtaccept ‘rapid growth’do not accept ‘growth’ or ‘gets taller’accept ‘development of more adult body shape’or a description of a more adult body shape,
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such as ‘wider shoulders’ accept ‘sweats more’2 (L5)
[6] ## (a)
name of part letter of partanther (*)Tstyle (*)P
stigma (*)U
3 (L4)(b) T and Sletters may be in either orderboth letters are required for the mark
1 (L4)[4]
M7. (a) 35 to 40 weeksaccept ‘35 and 40’ or ‘the last five weeks’
1(b) any one from• it allows the foetus to moveaccept ‘it allows the foetus to grow’• it protects or cushions the foetus• it supports the foetus
1(c) any three from• taken in by mother’s lungaccept ‘breathed in’• diffusion into the mother’s blood• transported in mother’s blood• through the placentaaccept ‘diffusion from the mother’s blood to the baby’s blood’• through the umbilical cord• in blood of foetusaccept ‘in baby’s blood’• diffusion into the cells of the foetusaccept ‘in the blood’ as an alternative to either ‘transportedin mother’s blood’ or ‘in blood of foetus’, but not to both
3[5]
M8. (a) (i) any one from• it controls the activities of the sperm or cell• it carries or passes on genetic informationaccept ‘passes on information’• it contains the genesaccept ‘it contains chromosomes’do not accept ‘it carries all the genetic information of the baby’• fertilisation
1 (L6)(ii) Both the adaptation and the reason are required for the mark.any one from• streamlined or has a pointed head to help it swim
or penetrate the egg• it produces a chemical to help it penetrate the egg• very little cytoplasm so it swims faster
1 (L7)(b) the best temperature for making sperm is lower than body temperatureaccept ‘a lower temperature is needed for producing sperm’accept ‘at higher temperatures sperm might be defective’
1 (L7)(c) (i) in the testes or testis
1 (L7)(ii) any one from• body hair or pubic hair or hairy armpitsdo not accept ‘acne or spots’• facial hair or beard• breaking or lowering of the voice• growth of the penis or testesdo not accept ‘the testes drop’• body becomes more muscularaccept ‘shoulders broaden’ or ‘muscles develop’• sperm production begins• growth spurtdo not accept ‘grows taller’
1 (L6)(d) (i) any one from• to increase the chance of one reaching the egg or the oviductaccept ‘to make sure an egg is fertilised’• most sperm die before reaching the egg or oviductaccept ‘most do not reach the egg’‘most sperm die’ is insufficient
1 (L7)(ii) for respirationaccept ‘for energy’do not accept ‘for food’
1 (L7) for movement or for swimmingaccept ‘to reach the egg’
1 (L7)[8]
M9. (a) (i) the nucleus of the egg and the nucleus of the sperm join or fuseaccept ‘the sperm and the egg join’accept ‘a sperm fertilises an egg’‘a sperm meets an egg’is insufficient
1 (L5)(ii) the oviduct or fallopian tube
1 (L5)(iii) uterusaccept womb
1 (L5)(b) any one from• the egg cannot pass down the oviduct• the sperm and egg cannot meet• sperm cannot get through
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1 (L6)(c) any one from• muscles contract• contractions
1 (L6)[5]
M10. (a) cells if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)(b) tail
1 (L3)(c) testis or testicleaccept plurals
1 (L4)(d) fertilisation if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)[4]
M11. (a) (i) any one from• every month or once a month• every four weeks• every 28 daysaccept answers from 26 days to 30 days
1 (L5)(ii) oviduct or fallopian tube
1 (L6)(b) foetus
1 (L5)9answers must be in the correct order
1 (L5)(c) (i) any one from• it cushions the baby• it protects the baby against shocks or bumpsaccept ‘it protects the baby’• it absorbs shocksdo not accept ‘keeps it warm’ or ‘keeps it moist’
1 (L6)(ii) placenta
1 (L5)(iii) alcoholaccept ‘drugs’ or a named drugaccept a named toxinaccept ‘viruses’ or a named virus or a named viral disease
1 (L5)(d) muscles contractaccept ‘contractions’
1 (L6)[8]
M12. (a) (i) Katie Becca both answers are required for the markif more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)(ii) any one from• their mother or Pam has freckles• their father or David has freckles• their parents have freckles• their grandmother or Mary has freckles• only family B has frecklesaccept ‘Rachel and Bill do not have freckles’accept ‘a grandparent has freckles’accept ‘their family or the family on the right has freckles’accept ‘freckles run in the family’accept ‘family A does not have freckles’
1 (L4)(iii) his parents or Bob and Emily do not have frecklesaccept ‘his family does not have freckles’accept ‘his grandparents do not have freckles’accept ‘he is not in family B’ if the answer for (ii) is‘only family B has freckles’
1 (L4)(b) (i) egg cell sperm cell both answers are required for the markif more than two boxes are ticked, deductone mark for each incorrect tickminimum mark zero
1 (L4)(ii) reproductive system if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)[5]
M13. (a) (i) oviduct or fallopian tube1 (L7)
(ii) cilia move in a wave or from side to sideaccept ‘they waft or carry it along’ accept ‘the hairs move it along’ accept ‘the hairs or cilia waft or move’‘the hairs’ or ‘the cilia’ are insufficient
1 (L7)(b) (i) embryo: stage 3accept ‘3’foetus: stage 4accept ‘4’both answers are required for the mark
1 (L7)(ii) uterusaccept ‘womb’
1 (L6)(c) (i) any two from• a reference to genes or genetic material or DNAor chromosomesaccept for one mark ‘to be the same as someoneelse you need exactly the same genes’• it has a different combination (of genes)• it is made from an egg and spermaccept for two marks ‘it only has half the DNAor chromosomes from each parent’
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all three ticks are required for the markif there is more than one tick in any row, award no mark
1 (L7)[7]
M14. (a) oviduct if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)(b) any one from• some eggs or sperm might be eaten or lost• eggs or sperm are not protected inside the body• to increase the chance of an egg being fertilisedaccept ‘to make fertilisation more likely’• some eggs might not be fertilised• some are washed awayaccept ‘some die’• some of the offspring might be eatenaccept ‘more tadpoles’
1 (L5)(c) (i) any one from• to let oxygen or air into the egg• to let carbon dioxide or waste gases out• to allow gas exchangeaccept ‘for respiration’do not accept ‘to let waste out’
1 (L5)(ii) any one from• for protection• to stop the egg drying outaccept ‘it stops it drying out’• it stops infection or diseaseaccept ‘it stops micro-organisms or bacteriaor viruses or germs getting in’accept ‘to retain the contents’‘it stops infection getting in’ is insufficient
1 (L5)(d) any one from• food passes from the mother to the embryo or babyaccept ‘the mother provides food’• the embryo is fed through the placentaaccept ‘it is fed through the umbilical cord’• it gets food from the mother’s blooddo not accept ‘it gets food from the blood’
1 (L6)[5]
M15. (a) any one from• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of wasteaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient
1 (L7)• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as themeaning is ambiguousaccept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygenor food or waste removal’accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygenor food or waste removed as it grows’a two mark answer must include one of the first twomarking points and a reference to the foetus needingmore food or oxygen from the placenta
1 (L7)(b) any one from• the number or mass of red blood cells increasesaccept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cellsaccept ‘for haemoglobin’‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
1 (L7)(c) placentaamniotic fluidboth answers are required for the mark‘umbilical cord’ is insufficientanswers may be in either order
1 (L7)(d) (i) • windpipe lungs mother’s red blood cellsaward a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’in the first places in the correct order• placentaumbilical cordaccept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’ blood of foetusaccept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either orderaward a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood
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of foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate orderall five answers are required for two marks
2 (L7)(ii) any one from• less oxygen passes through the placenta• less oxygen in the foetus’ bloodaccept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’• smaller or brain damaged foetusaccept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’do not accept ‘no oxygen’• baby may be prematureaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetusaccept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon monoxide’do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes through the placenta’‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)[7]
M16. (a) (i) • sperm
1 (L3)(ii) • testisaccept ‘testes’
1 (L4)(b) (i) • ovum or egg
1 (L3)(ii) • ovaryaccept ‘ovaries’
1 (L4)(c) fertilisation
1 (L3)(d) (i) • foetus
1 (L4)(ii) • uterus
1 (L3)[7]
M17. (a) any one from• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of wasteaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient
1 (L7)• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as themeaning is ambiguousaccept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygenor food or waste removal’
accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygenor food or waste removed as it grows’a two mark answer must include one of the first twomarking points and a reference to the foetus needingmore food or oxygen from the placenta
1 (L7)(b) any one from• the number or mass of red blood cells increasesaccept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cellsaccept ‘for haemoglobin’‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
1 (L7)(c) placentaamniotic fluidboth answers are required for the mark‘umbilical cord’ is insufficientanswers may be in either order
1 (L7)(d) (i) • windpipe lungs mother’s red blood cellsaward a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’in the first places in the correct order• placentaumbilical cordaccept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’ blood of foetusaccept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either orderaward a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘bloodof foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate orderall five answers are required for two marks
2 (L7)(ii) any one from• less oxygen passes through the placenta• less oxygen in the foetus’ bloodaccept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’• smaller or brain damaged foetusaccept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’do not accept ‘no oxygen’• baby may be prematureaccept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetusaccept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon monoxide’do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes
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through the placenta’‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)[7]
M18. (a) • 9
1 (L5)(b) (i) any one from• it protects the baby• it helps to maintain a constant temperature• it allows the baby to moveaccept ‘it keeps it safe’accept ‘it keeps the baby warm’accept ‘it absorbs shocks’accept ‘it protects against infection or disease’
1 (L6)(ii) • muscles contractaccept ‘contractions’‘the uterus or it contracts’ is insufficient
1 (L6)(c) any one from• (through the) placenta• (through the) umbilical cord• (from the) mother’s bloodignore references to food‘through the blood’ is insufficient‘it gets everything from the mother’ is insufficientdo not accept ‘the mother breathes for the child’
1 (L5)(d) • alveolus‘air sac’ is insufficient
1 (L6)[5]
M19. (a) (i) any one from• menstruation• the lining of the uterus is shedaccept ‘the period’accept ‘the lining of the uterus breaks up’accept ‘the wall of the uterus breaks down’do not accept ‘the uterus is shed’‘the wall of the uterus breaks’ is insufficientboth the answer and the correct explanationare required for the mark
1 (L7)(ii) a day from day 14 to day 18accept ‘in the middle’do not accept ‘around day 14’ any one from• it is just after ovulation or day of ovulation• that is when an egg is likely to be in the oviductor fallopian tube
• that is just after an egg is released• an egg is released on day 14accept ‘that is when an egg is released’‘it is in the middle of the cycle’ is insufficient
1 (L7)(iii) any one from• so that a fertilised egg can be implanted• to receive an egg
1 (L7)(b) (i) • a line which continues to rise or remains horizontal after day 28accept a line rising or remaining horizontal after day 1
1 (L7)(ii) any one from• menstruation stopsaccept ‘the embryo or foetus or baby needs a blood supply’‘provides support’ is insufficient • so the ovum or embryo will implantaccept ‘the lining is not shed’
1 (L7)[5]
M20.(a)
two lines from any box will not gain a mark
3(b) any one from:• brightly coloured (petals) / large petals• smell or perfume• nectar
1(c) pollen tube grows down style / into ovule
1pollen nuclei fuse with / fertilise
1egg cell nucleus (to form embryo)
1and endosperm nuclei (to form seed)
1[8]
Mark Scheme
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