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Kozhikode Monorail Project Profile
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Kozhikode Monorail Project Profile
Introduction
Kozhikode the traditional capital of Northern Kerala and the
most important city of Malabar region of Kerala is the third
biggest Municipal Corporation in Kerala. Kozhikode is fastemerging as a prominent educational, commercial and trade
centre having well established national/international trade
routes. Kozhikode city alone accounts for 40% of the urban
population in the District and is experiencing a rapid growth in
urban population. Like any other urban areas, it is also having
a steady growth of motor vehicles and travel demand of people
has been increasing tremendously. In order to improve the
traffic situation, efforts were made to improve the road
infrastructure. Unfortunately, such improvements are notable
to catch up the increasing demand.
Highest priority has been accorded by the Government in
reducing the severe traffic congestion experienced in the city.
As a result, Kerala Road Fund Board has
undertaken the major initiative for Planning for a
mass transport system which meets the mobility
needs of the city and would reduce vehicular
traffic on the roads
Kozhikode Mono Rail Project
A detailed feasibility study for a Mass Rapid
Transit System for Kozhikode was done through
M/s. Wilbur Smith Associates. The feasibility
study considered various feasible transit options
based on various field surveys.
Out of the 540 Kms of study area, the majority are
two lanes or with lower configuration. Four lane
divided carriageway is only 10 kms. Many of the
major traffic corridors in the city have journey
speed lower than 20 KMPH. About 1.6 lakh
vehicles of which 85% are passenger vehicles and
14% are commercial vehicles are enter and exit
through the major corridors of the city. The daily
travel demand is observed as 15.4 lakh trips and
the per capita trip rate for all modes together is
1.14. The average trip length is about 7.1 kms out
of which public transport trips have a maximum
trip length of 10.4 kms.
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After considering the above facts about the existing
transit network, it has been advised to select an
appropriate Mass Transport System. Choice on public
transit options are choices about a citys future. Multiple
choices exist in the mass transit industry. The type of
public transit system will have a big impact on Traffic
demand, Road geometrics, Transport affordability, Air
and noise pollution, Service availability to all. The Mass
Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS) can be broadly grouped
into a Rail based system and a Bus based system
classification. Within these rail and bus systems,
different technologies have different performance
characteristics and requirements to be implemented.
Based on the survey the maximum PPHPD (people per
hour per direction) is predicted on Mavoor Road (from
Mofussil bus stand to medical college) and on airport
corridor (from mofussil bus stand to airport). The
estimated transit load qualifies for Bus Rapid Transit
(BRT) and Monorail/ Light Rail Transit (LRT). Based on
the survey a Monorail corridor medical college to
Ramanattukara (23 Kms) in two phases and a dedicated
bus service have been recommended. Corridor from
Medical College to Meenchantha (14 Kms) is selected as
Phase I for implementation and Phase II would be the
extension of the monorail from Meenchantha to
Ramanattukara.
Feeder bus services are recommended from Meechantha
to Ramanatukara till phase II monorail starts
operational.
The new transit system will provide direct access to the
major hubs like Railway station, Mofussil and KSRTC
Bus stands and major commercial centres such as SM
street, Palayam, etc. The daily ridership estimated (2015)
on this corridor is 1,43,200 which is maximum when
compared with other alignments as the corridor passes
through the main transportation and commercial
centres of the city. There are 14 stations suggested the
maximum distance is 2 Km between stations and the
average distance is 0.90 Km.
The depot is proposed near Medical College at the
terminal point of the alignment at the sites proposed for
developing bus stand by the Corporation. It is suggested
to develop an intermodal station at Meenchantha on
bypass road 200m away from NH-17, along with the
proposed bus terminal by Kozhikode Corporation.
Exclusive airport buses are also proposed to operate
from this station.
Cost Estimates
The cost components of Mono rail are Rolling stock cost
and guide ways
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Rolling stock requirement
Monorail (9 nos) 288.00
Bus to airport (4 nos) 2.00
Total 290.00
Others
Electrical, traction, signalling and 130.00
R & R Cost 47.00
Grand Total 968.00
Summary of Cost
Civil items(approximate)
Rs. In Crores
Civil and structural works 362.24
Station building + depot 40.50Switching arrangement at both ends 20.00
Restoration of pavement layers 54.34
Miscellaneous 23.85
Total 500.93
ScenarioEIRR(%)
ENPV (Rs. InCrores @ 12%discount rate)
Normal scenario 18.1% 465.76
Sensitivity I: 15% increase
in cost
16.4% 465.76
Sensitivity II: 15% reductionin benefits
16.4% 465.76
Sensitivity III: 15% increasein cost and 15% reductionin benefits
14.4% 185.83
1) Rolling Stock: the vehicle/ train is assumed to be
with 34 cars, each car is with a capacity of 100
passengers2) Guide way cost includes:
a. Civil structures including stations & depot
b. Switching arrangements at both ends
3) Others include:
a. Electrical & traction system
b. Signalling, telecommunications, testing &
commissioning
The unit rates of structural items were arrived at by
considering tge basic rates, lead distances, moan power,machinery, and materials. The approximate cost of the
has been estimated based on the above details and the
cost summary is given in the below table.
Economic Analysis
The economic appraisal for various projects has been
carried out within the broad frame work of Social Cost
Benefit Analysis Technique. The result of the
analysis is presented in the table given below. Theproject is found to be economically viable with 18.1%
EIRR at normal scenario and 14.4% EIRR at worst
scenario of sensitivity.
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Financial
year
Approx Estimated
cost (Excluding R&Rcost) (Rs.in Crore)
Completion cost
(duly escalated)
Construction
phasing (%)
2011-12 275.68 289.464 30
2012-13 275.68 303.937 30
2013-14 367.57 425.512 40
Total 918.93 1018.913 100
Financial Analysis & Funding Options
The project has two components i.e: major one is the development
of monorail for 12.60 kms from Medical College to Meenchantha
and a component of operating exclusive buses to airport. The
analysis focuses on the financial viability of monorail component.
Costs considered are the investment cost and O&M cost. The year
wise investment requirement is as follows.
Additional requirement of the rolling stock is assumed to be
financed with cash flows in the year of incurring expenditure.
Considering the heavy capital costs and low returns, usually the
construction and operation of such systems are highly subsidised.
Government involvement in funding of metro systems is normally
expected in such projects. The financing options shall depend upon
the project structure decided upon by the Government. The
alternatives are:-
1) Special purpose Vehicle (SPV) to implement the
project by the Government
2) Public Private Partnership (PPP) mpodel Design Build Finance Operate and
Transfer (DBFOT) model
Other PPP models
Conclusion
Monorail like any other forms of transport such as
railways, metro, etc. performs a social function of
providing affordable transport to the public. All
these forms of transport are characterised by heavy
capital investments with long gestation periods for
earning returns, resulting in low financial rate of
return. However, the economic benefits to the
society due to these projects are quite significant.
The proposed Mono Rail project will yield benefits
due to equivalent reduction in road traffic and
certain socio economic benefits. Tangible benefits
are due to reduction in fuel consumption (Vehicle
operating cost VoC) of vehicles and travel time of
passengers. Non tangible benefits include
reduction in accidents, pollution and maintenance
costs due to the monorail project.
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