Kosa kata Sains Tahun 5

INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

VOCABULARY

1 Mould kulat

2 Quarantine Diasingkan

3 Biodegradation Biodegradasi / boleh diuraikan

4 Compost Kompos

5 Contagious Berjangkit

6 Humus Humus

7 Fair test Ujian sah

8 Intraspecies competiton

Persaingan antara spesis

9 Extinction Kepupusan

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Shortage Kekurangan

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Consumer Pengguna

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Food chain Rantai makanan

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Producer Pengeluar

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Represented Diwakili

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Food web Siratan makanan

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THERMINOLOGY

1 Biodegradation The process where a substance can be changed back to a harmless natural state by the reaction of bacteria and will not damage the environment

2 Compost A mixture of decayed plants, food that can be added to soil to help plants grow

3 Contagious Diseases that can be spread easily from one person to another

4 Humus A substance made from dead leaves and plants, added to the soil to help plants grow

5 Microscopic Extremely small and difficult or impossible to see without a microscope

6 Mould A type of fungi that grow on bread, rice and fruits

7 Quarantine Isolated from other people

8 Endangered Threaten

9 Extinct No longer exist

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Fair test Manipulating one variable at a time

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Intraspecies competition

Competition among the same species

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Survival The state of continuing to live or exist

1 Food chain Shows the food relationship among plants

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3 and animals

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Food web Consists of food chains that are linked together

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Primary consumer

First animal in the food chain

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Producers Plants; they make their own food

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Secondary consumer

Second animal in the food chain

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

VOCABULARY

1 Bonding Ikatan

2 Captured Dipernagkap

3 Curiosity Naluri ingin tahu

4 Exploitation Eksploitasi, penggunaan

5 Forces Daya

6 Harness Memanfaatkan

7 Imagination Imaginasi

8 Installed Dipasang

9 Laundry Dobi

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Refinery Penapis

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Substance Bahan

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Turbines Turbin

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Ultimate Utama, asas

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Appliances Peralatan

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Catapult Lastik

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Constant Tetap

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Powered Digerakkan

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Stretch Tarik, regang

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Transformed Diubah

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Administer Tadbir

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Distribute Mengagihkan

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Elicit Mencungkil

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Landfills Tapak pelupusan

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match Sepadan

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Odourless Tidak berbau

2 Readily available Mudah diperolehi

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Renewable Diperbaharui

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Replenished Diganti semula

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Residues Hasil buangan

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Shuffle Kocok, menyelerakkan

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Term Istilah

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Wastage Pembaziran

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Wisely Secara bijaksana

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Appreciable Jelas, ketara

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Arrays Membariskan, susunan

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Convenient Mudah digunakan

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Fraction Segelintir, pecahan

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Arrangements Susunan

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Interrupt Memotong, mencelah

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Pathways Jalan kecil, lorong

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Receiver Penerima

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Represent Mewakili

4 Various Aneka, pelbagai

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Devices Peranti, alat

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Extensive Lebar

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Indicate Menandakan, menunjukkan

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Lethal Membawa maut

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Muscles Otot, urat

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Nerve Saraf

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Resistance Penentangan

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Beam Alur cahaya

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Light source Sumber cahaya

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Luminous Berkilau

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Opaque Legap

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Non luminous Tidak berkilau

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Penumbra Penumbra

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Phenomenon Fenomena/ kejadian

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Shadow Bayang-bayang

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Straight line Garis lurus

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Translucent Lut cahaya

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Travel Bergerak

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Umbra Umbra

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Vacuum Vakum

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Diffused reflection

Pantulan kabur

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Image Imej

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Incident light Cahaya tuju

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Ray diagram Gambar rajah sinar

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Reflected light Cahaya pantulan

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Reflection Pantulan

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Regular reflection

Pantulan biasa

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Degree of hotness

Darjah kepanasan

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Drying clothes Menjemur pakaian

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Food industry Industri pembuatan makanan

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Heat Haba

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Indicator Petunjuk

7 Launderette Industri pencucian pakaian

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Manufacturing industry

Industri pembuatan

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Concrete slabs Kepingan konkrit

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Contract Mengecut

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Dent Kemek

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Expand Mengembang

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Mercury Raksa

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Pavement Laluan pejalan kaki

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Railway track Landasan keretapi

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Snap Putus

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Solidifies Membeku

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Steam pipe Paip air panas

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Mercury Raksa, merkuri

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Phenomenon Fenemena, kejadian

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Temperature Suhu

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Thermometer Thermometer

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Weather forecaster

Penyampai ramalan kaji cuaca

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THERMINOLOGY

1 Appliances A home device or equipment which performs a certain task or function

2 Atmospheric pressure

The force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air molecules above the surface

3 Chemical energy Energy from the chemicals present in things such a batteries, food or fuels

4 Decomposing To break down or break up into parts as in rotting

5 Electrical energy Energy obtained from sources such as batteries, dynamos and accumulators

6 Heat energy Energy that causes a change in temperature or a change in state

7 Hydroelectric power

Electricity produced by using flowing water from a dam to turn a turbine

8 Kinetic energy Energy present in a moving object

9 Light energy Energy produced by light

1 Metabolism All of the energetic reactions that take

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0 place ia a cell or organism

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Non-renewable energy

Energy that cannot be replenished when used up

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Photosynthesis A process in which plants, algae and some bacteria harness light from the Sun to produce food

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Potential energy Energy in object due to its position or height

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Renewable energy

Energy that can be replenished when used up

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Respiration The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide and water

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Solar energy Energy from the Sun

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Sound energy Energy caused by vibrations

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Turbine A wheel with blades that are rotated by a flow air or water

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Accumulator A device which can generate electric current

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Circuit diagram A diagram that represents the circuit

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Current Rate of electric charges that flow from one another in an electric circuit

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Dynamo A device that changes energy from the movement of wind or water into electricity

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Dry cell A device which can generate electric current

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Electric shock A sudden response of the body when electricity passes or enters the body

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Electrocution A sudden death caused by electricity

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Hydroelectric power

Using the power of water to produce electricity

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Parallel circuit An electric circuit in which the components are connected separately

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Series circuit An electric circuit in which the electrical source and other components are connected one after another

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Solar cell Using the Sun’s energy to turn into electricity

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Beam A few lines of light rays that go out from a light source

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Image A picture that looks very similar to something

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Light ray A small beam of light that goes out from a light source

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Light sourcr Something that produces or emit light

3 Opaque Does not allow light to pass through

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Reflection Does not pass through, but bounces back

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Shadow A dark image formed when light is blocked by an opaque or translucent object

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Translucent Allows a small amount of light to pass through

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Contract Becomes smaller/ decrease in size

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Expand Becomes bigger / increases in size

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Heat A form energy which makes things hot

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Sag A line or string that hangs or bends down in the middle either because of weight or length

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Temperature A measure of how hot or cold a substance is

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Thermometer An instrument used for measuring temperature

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ADDITIONAL NOTES

ENERGY is the ability to do work. The energy that we use can exist in different forms.

KINETIC ENERGY

Is related to motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules substances and objects

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Is the movement of electric charges. Electric charges that move through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy

THERMAL ENERGY

Is the internal energy in substances due to the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy

MOTION ENERGY

Is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force is applied. Wind is an example of motion energy

SOUND ENERGY

Is the movement of energy through substances. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate

POTENTIAL ENERGT

Is the energy that is stored and related to the position of something

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Is the energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural

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gas and propane are examples of stored chemical energy

MECHANICAL ENERGY

Is the energy stored in objects by the application of the force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. It is the energy that holds the nucleus together. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms is a process called fission that releases energy

GRAVITIONAL ENERGY

Is the energy of position or place. A rock at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of gravitational potential energy

Transformation of energy always follow the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that :

Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy can be changed from one form to another When energy changes its form, the total amount

of energy is constant.

Examples of the transformation of energy found around us :

The chemical energy stored in petrol is

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CAR

converted into heat in a car engine. This heat energy is used to move the mechanical parts of the car so it can move. Thus, chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy

FAN

Electrical energy is transformed into kinetic energy to turn the blades of the fan

FLASHLIGHT

Stored energy in a flashlight’s battery becomes light energy when the flashlight is turned on

IRON

Electrical energy is used to heat a coil and transforms into heat energy

RADIO

Electrical energy is transformed into sound energy through the speakers

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Chemical energy heat energy kinetic energy

Chemical energy kinetic energy

Chemical energy light energy

Electrical energy heat energy

Electrical energy sound energy

TELEPHONE

When you talk on the phone, your voice is transformed into electrical energy which passes over wires. The phone on the other end changes the electrical energy into sound through the speaker

TELEVISION

A television changes electrical energy into light and sound energy

TOASTER

A toaster changes electrical energy into heat and light energy

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Electrical energy sound energy

Electrical energy light energy + sound energy

Electrical energy heat energy + light energy

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

VOCABULARY

1 Gas Gas

2 Liquid Cecair

3 Solid Pepejal

4 Ion Ion

5 Boiling Mendidih

6 Condensation Kondensasi

7 Evaporation Penyejatan

8 Freezing Pembekuan

9 Melting Peleburan

1 Condensation Kondensasi

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Cloud Awan

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Water cycle Kitar air

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Water vapour Wap air

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Industrial waste Kumbahan industri

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Acidic Berasid

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Alkaline Beralkali

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Bitter Pahit

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Burn Lecur

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Caustic Kaustik

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Corrosive Menhkakis

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Dilute acid Asid cair

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Litmus paper Kertas Litmus

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Neutral Neutral

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Neutralization Peneutralan

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Properties Sifat

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Sour Masam

2 Strong acid Asid kuat

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Weak acid Asid lemah

THERMINOLOGY

1 Condensation The process when gas changes to liquid

2 Evaporation The process when liquid changes to gas

3 Freezing The process when liquid changes to solid

4 Ion An atom that carries an electrical charge

5 Melting The process when solid changes to liquid

6 Water cycle Continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface into the air and back to the Earth’s surface again

7 Acidic The characteristics of a substances that tastes sour and changes the colour of blue litmus paper to red

8 Alkaline The characteristics of a substance that tastes bitter and changes the colour of red litmus paper to blue

9 Bitter The taste of substance that are alkaline

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Litmus paper A type of paper used to test whether a substance is acidic or alkaline

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Neutral The characteristics of a substance that does not change the colour of litmus papers neither acidic nor alkaline

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Properties Characteristics of substances for example, acidic, alkaline or neutral

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Sour The taste of substance that are acidic

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

VOCABULARY

1 Big Dipper Buruj Biduk

2 Brilliant Terang

3 Canister Bekas

4 Constellations Buruj

5 Orion Buruj Belantik

6 Poke Tebuk

7 Referred to Dirujuk sebagai

8 Resemble Menyerupai

9 Scorpion Buruj Skorpio

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Southern Cross Buruj Pari

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Visible Kelihatan

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Imaginary Bayangan

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Axis Paksi

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Counterclockwise

Arah lawan jam

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Simulation Simulasi

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Illuminated Diterangi

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Revolution Berputar mengelilingi

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Phases Fasa

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Illuminated Diterangi

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Revolution Berputar mengelilingi

THERMINOLOGY

1 Big Dipper A group of seven bright stars that forms a bowl and handle

2 Constellations A group of stars forms a certain pattern in the sky

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3 Orion A group of stars that forms a pattern of a hunter

4 Pattern A regular or recognizable form ir order in which a series of things occur

5 Scorpion A group of stars that form a pattern of a scorpion

6 Southern Cross A group of four stars that forms a pattern of a cross

7 Emit To give off light

8 Illuminate To shine light on something

9 Occurrence An incident or event that is happening or taking place

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Phase a stage of period of a cycle

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Rotate To move in a circle round an axis or a centre

ADDITIONAL NOTES

PHASES OF THE MOON is the revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon seems to change its shape in the night sky. This is caused by the different angles we see from the bright

part of the Moon’s surface called ‘phases’. The Moon goes through

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four major shapes during cycle that repeats itself every 28 days. These phases follow the sequence of their occurrence.

NEW MOON

Part of the Moon which is not illuminated faces the Earth. The Moon is not visible. The lighted side of the Moon faces away from the Earth. This means that the Sun, the Earth and the Moon are almost in a straight line, with the Moon in between the Sun and the Earth.

CRESCENT MOON

The moon is less than half illuminated by the Sun. the fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated increases. This Moon can be seen after the new Moon, but before the first quarter Moon. The crescent will grow larger and larger everyday, until it looks like the first quarter Moon.

HALF MOON

Half of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible. The fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated increases. The right half of the Moon appears lighted and the left side of the Moon appears dark. During the time between the new Moon and the first quarter Moon, the part of the Moon that appears lighted gets larger and larger everyday, and continues to grow until it reaches the full Moon.

FULL MOON

The Moon’s illuminated side is visible. The lighted side of the Moon faces the Earth. This means that the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are nearly in a straight line, with the Earth in the middle. The Moon that we see is very bright because it reflects sunlight.

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INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

VOCABULARY

1 Design Reka bentuk

2 Identify Kenal pasti

3 Varieties Pelbagai

4 Balance Keseimbangan

5 Combination Gabungan

6 Conical flask Kelalang kon

7 Construction Pembinaan

8 Decoration Hiasan

9 Embedded Dimasukkan

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Formed Dibentuk

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Futuristic Masa depan

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Investigate Menyiasat

1 Placed Diletakkan

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Steel Besi

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Stretched Diregangkan

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Support Menyokong

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Topple Tumbang

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Tripod stand Tungku kaki tiga

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Upright Tegak

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Withstand Menahan

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Stability Kestabilan

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Structure Binaan

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Turbulence Bergolak

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Vibration Gegaran

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Humidity Kelembapan (udara)

THERMINOLOGY

1 Base area The extent or measurement of the lowest part of any object, on which it rests

2 Centre of The point where the weight of the object

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gravity appears to be concentrated

3 Cone A solid or hollow object with a circular flat base and sides that slopes up to a point

4 Cube A solid or hollow object with six equal square sides

5 Cuboid A solid or hollow object which has six rectangular faces at right angles to each other

6 Cylinder A solid or hollow object with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval base

7 Energy The ability to do work

8 Hemisphere A half of sphere

9 Pyramid A hollow or solid object with a square or triangular flat base and sides that slope up to point

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Sphere A round solid figure in which every point on the surface is of equal distance from the centre

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Stability It is concerned with an object’s ability to return to the way it was before if disturbed

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Strength The ability to support mass

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Structure A building or anything that is constructed from several parts

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ADDITIONAL NOTES

STABILITY can be defined as the ability of objects to return to its original state if disturbed. If an objects is more stable, it can be

able to resist larger forces. Objects that are stable will not topple over because they have their weight concentrated low down. This

point called the centre of gravity and the lower it is, the more stable is the object.

STRENGTH OF STRUCTURES is the ability to resists stress and strength put on the structure. Bending, compression, tension, vibration and turbulence are some of the stressed that structures

withstand. Factors that affect the strength of a structure include the types of materials used, its length, the cross sectional area or shape, how the structure is placed, weathering environment such as high

or low temperature, humidity and others.

Examples of everyday life situations used to explain how base area and height effect the stability of a structure :

Base Area

A heavyweight lifter spreads his legs to add stability

The wide distance between the wheels of a racing car is to increase the base area of the car in order to maintain its stability when it is moving fast

Laboratory apparatus such as conical flask and tripod stand has a wide base for the purpose of stability

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A raft is more stable than a kayak because a kayak has less base area

Height

Big animals such as elephant and rhinoceros have short legs to lower the centre of gravity for stability

Racing cars are designed with low bodies to lower the centre of gravity

Boat passengers are advised to sit when the boat moves for stability

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