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Page 3
Shan Herald Agency for News 3
INDEPENDENCE
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c-j/ dG'yrlCoy v;yxoy,5b'yrmwrX?
0'yj;kh dC,yz:'yr06b'yh,5b'yr,Koyh (Lieu-
tenant Governor of Burma) l5 b; yH
ciHd\uHo]y -iC9ytf:dyt (Sir Reginald
Craddock) 0'yj]whl5'yj ]b9ytl95b;yH
Mr. I. Lister d.kj]GxyhsGoyr9uh06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh
96,y,g]H(Federated Malay States) voy
pK,yr]G;ys<'yt;kh ,g]Hl\b3;yH (Malaysia)?
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9y.hvb'yrd]G9yho'yjd;yj/ ,ur,5b'yr0;yhakT (
,5b'yr? ]b9ytl95b;yH (Lister) ]wh]GxyhsGoyrp5j
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g9v,yjsy>hz:'yr06b'yh (Governor of India)
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Shan States) xGoy0:,y06b'yh?
q sxytm5xyrdoy9uhgvjl69yr @ xu @ x:dyh?
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u 0;yhakT9wr #@ ,5b'yr
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Page 4
4 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L,5b'yrxwKr voyxGoy0;yhakTdpK'yr z:'yr
',yrooytgdkh vKoyrzK9yjv:dyjd.kjs,yh0:,yr
,5b'yrpK'yr]C'y? ]wh,dyr9,yr;wtoy.r (Article
182 the Constitution of the Union of
Burma) ;kh g9,urxK'yp'yjdK'y0y.d5oyr,5b'yr
gl 9Cxyr99yrowgl9kTgdkh vb'yo5b;y;Koyh
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sG9yrsy>h,5b'yr9wrz:,ytlG'yxG'yrxKdyjdoyc]h ,ur
,Koyh (Governor of Burma) voyxGoy
vb'yrd]G9yhd5Pyr?
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v6xyjv5;yr-6oyvb'yrd]G9yh-;y 9uh;G'yr]5'y
]oyH9oyH (London Round Table Con-
ference, November 1931-January 1932)
sy>hgxkr,url6oyj]whzG'yjxG'yr,5boy ,5b'yr0;yhakT
d]kr ,5b'yrvboyHfuHp5b;yH-;ygl p5j9y.h
d5Pyrdkh o'yjvoy]wh0y.doy;wt9'yr
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9'yrlG'yhc]h 06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,y9wr voy
gdkj9'yh,kr,5b;yh @+## ooytgdkh ;:9yh;wKr
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,ur0:,y voyl6bxyjd6b9yra'y]6bdyToy.rv5dyr
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voy]wh0y.doy;wt9'yr 0:,yl6bdyrv:'yjlKoyr $ g-khpy.j
l6oyj]whz:'yr',yr95;yd;yj/ l6oyj]whd5oyr c]h 9uH,:dyH-giHluH/
l6oyj]whz:'yr',yr ]:'yh'6boyr9:'yr
]wh]6]C;yd.kj ;wKr9xytl6bdyr,Koyh-6boyh,krxdyrp6b9yr06b'yh9wr @+*#
9K'yrd9yr06boyh'b,yrpGoy,kr/0'yj;khz5hv:oy
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,ur9K'yr,wh0y.;kh d5oyr,5b'yr9wrp5j9y.h,Koyh
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lxyr]C'yrco z:oyr]u06b'yh,5 b'yrs^,yh96,y
(Federalism) ? d5oyr]5'y9wr m6oyrgzj
9:xyjcdh-6boyr;kh J]Koypb'yr/ 06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh
96,y]u05b;yts6b;yooyt v,yj9Kxyh,kr]K9yhco
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p:,yrx:'yj0y.]:'yh06b'yh,5b'yrs^,yh96,yowt xGoy
z5ho,yrl6bdyr,Koyhl50;yhd5Pyr? 9kT]Koy
pb'yrd.kjlxyr]C'yrco-;y0;yh]kh" owp5j?
d5Pyrdkh ]:dyrx5b'y06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,yvoy
vb'yrd]G9yh,krv:oy-6b'yx:'yooty xGoy]:'yh
v,yjsKoyt0y.9kjd5oyr,5b'yr9wr]wKx5b'y?
@T -:'yHluH06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y v,yj,ur
vkjokjx:'y,wK,uh (legislative power) ? g-kh
soym6b'y9'yro,y v,yjxGoyg-kh9Cxyr99yr?
g-kh9Cxyr99yrooyt ,ur9uh-6oyz:'yr06b'yh,5b'yr
0;yhgsk-,yrvb'yrd]G9yhd,yrl6b;yh? v,yj0y.h
p5jawKj9y.h-6oyz:'yr06b'yh,5b'yr,Koyh? d5Pyrdkh
d:,ytdkh]whsxytg-khsxyts<'yr Z]xyt]:'yrX ;kh
JdG;yj]5Pyhl6oyj]wh,5b'yr9wrooyt 05b;yr0;yh
akT,5b'yr9wr ,url6oyj]wh9kj]K9yhp5j" ooyt
d5Pyrgl ]whx:dyh,kr-6boyr?
0'yj;kh ;wKrl6bdyr]6,yhakTd,yrl:'y p;yt
gdkh 0;yhakT,5b'yr9wr-;y ]wh,krv6xyjd6,ydoy
gl gdkj9'yh-:'yHluH0;yhakT06b'yh9wr
(Shan States Saohpas Council) ,5 b;yh
$@T@T@+%( ? xGoy-:'yHluHc-T-C'yjdoy9'yr
-:'yHluH06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y0;yhakT9wr (Fed-
eral Council of Shan Chiefs) voyvb'yr
d]G9yh-:9yjz:9yhxoy? ;wKr,kr,urz5h9Coyr
d5oyr,5b'yr-;yhxkr0:,yrp;ytgdkh c,rs<'yt;kh-:'yH
luH06b'yh9wr (Shan States Council) ?
;wKrd:oyrg-kp;ytgdkh xGoy,kr-:'yHluH
06b'yh9wr (Shan State Council) ,urz5h9Coyr
,5b'yr9wr9'yrlG'yh voyxkroy.rxkH]uH,oyH
06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y,5b'yr,Koyh (Union of Burma
Parliament) ? ,urvkjokjx:'y,wK,uh ]wK05b;yt
]wK]:'yh?
@+(# 0:,yl6bdyr]5'ygoj;boyr p6b9yrvkjokj
x9yrx6boytp;ytgdkh ]whx69yr-K9yj0bxyrswKd.kj
xC9yh?
m6b'y,kr;oyr,5b;yhowt d5oyr,5b'yr9wrd5h05b;yt
-5b;yr dpK'yr d5;yrdK'yt x]:'yh xv5;yr 9wr mo6
]krsj ;kT vkr-kj v:oydoy-9yr0y.gdkjlK'yh
]:'yhz:,tys,yh06b'yh9wrmC'yhp5j? lwK0y.;bPoyj
-.oy';yrd6bdyrx6boyr,6boytl6boyr g9x:dyh;wKj,kr
]bxyr-ur-6boyrs6b;y/ g9x:dyh;wKj,kr]wKr]y.owooyt
9dyr]whv:oydoy;5oytl:oyj-6b'yx:'y-9yr0y./
,6'yh,:'yrxy.Tmkhd5h;oyroy.?
0wKr-6boyrly. Z+2@Q2#QQ_X
z6boyvb'y
1. The 1947 Constitution andThe Nationalities (UniversitiesHistoricial Research Center, 1999)
2. The Shan States and the BritishAnnexation(Sao Saimong Mangrai, 1965)
3. Shan State's Grievances(Tun Myint Taunggyi, 1957)
5. The Moon Princess(Sao Sanda, 2007)
Page 5
Shan Herald Agency for News 5
INDEPENDENCE
50 yD Oef;vkufhzdkefh
ykdef;ydkefhvif nFyfbqrfj,mrf;vAOf (6)
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wB;wfgjclif;qdlOf;eBU qmifjyAefrdlif;vAOfuef/
,if;vDwDjnefwB;vlif[Of; (nrfbeef
ayM;nOfugmrf;ydlefjOMjauMj wB;qmOf;rmefj
nefugmrf;vmwfj vdufjvBm;[Of;clef;rmefj-
iBm;rmefj-qrfrmefjvdlOfqrfcdlOf;wB;wmifbwDj
wmifbvFef) rD;yDje.ifUvmwfjugmrf;rdlefuef
efg;rdlif;xB;erf/ ugmrf;xB;auMj vmwfjugMbvmwfj
cdkef; nrfbayM;arM,myfb/ wifjtwbvkufUcdkefj
u.yfbuljqdlOfUqmwfjrM;awMb,mrf;vAOf wB;vlif
[Of;eBU cOfjn.ufbwmif;xB; erfvdlOfyDje.ifU
[Of;wmif;rdlif;tcb rdlif;vmOf;/
yDje.ifUqdlOf;eBU qB.jxFrfwB;u.yfbulj
qmwfj qdlifU[dkOf<
q qB.jwrf;Omif;yefwDj,lb
q qB.juyf;odkyfbwdwf;awMbyef
qOfjeMjwDjxB;
q qB.jydefbzMoMyef
q qB.jvmwfjwFef;wmif
q cOfj[Awf;umefq.rf; wB;u.yfbuljqmwfj
q qB.j[Awf;{j=y.ifbwMvFif; v.ifjvkrfjZMU
v.ifje.ufjrldif;
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q cOfj=rfjyM;aoqB.jumef
q ,lbe.ufjrkufUqkrf;ao qB.jyef
qdlOf;cOfj=rfjumefu.yfbuljqmwfj
ulef;efg;rdlif;xB; qdlOf;nefcOfjrM;u.yfbulj
qmwfj q.rf;wB;ymefeefUrD;vBmauMU/ qdlOf;
qdkOfj,fgb rD;rdlefyMjwfgjeBUurfjz.ifj/
q qOfj[mefzlrf;rdef;
yAefwB;ndlifbr.efjydefb aq@OAif;Zmif
[email protected] ;rBb/ yAefcdlOf;wB; yBmjrM;,lb
rdlif;xB; z.if;nMbOtvjrldif;eBm;wdkuf;awM;uef
(1882-85) rD;ulef;qdqrfjOMj yAefauMU
teUerf;{jwB;qdlOf;vkufUy.wf;edlOfrM; vBj=U
quf; qOfja[Mcrf;xB; ea'@olef (1555-
1605) tvj u.if;rl; (xmwfjckrfukwf;) qOfj
ea'@olef wDjrdlif;[mif aq@OAif;rldif;wlef/
qOfjea'@olefvBje.ef;tz;wDjeefj z.if;
wdkufU[mifj[Fef; odkuf;cdkefjugMbqB.j qOfjcrf;uBmb
eB.U rdlif;oFefOD/ ,.efUref;qOfje.ef;tz;
ugMbtvj rdlif;oFefODauMj vBjwluf;ugMbwfgjrdkOf;
nMbO/
ymefekrfbodkuf;[mefeBUOMjuefOMj ayM;
odkuf;wB;ugMbcmrf;ymif wDju.if;rl;qOfjea'@
olef eefUqdkif wyfUodkuf;rmefjqdlOf;cfgjrM;
v.rfUwdkuf;umifcdkef; cOfjql;nrfbvBj/ ,.efU
[efodkuf;odlOfqmifUrMUcyfUcdkOf;oFrf;,BugMbrlwf;/
rdlOfj 1960 wyfUrmefj=UcmOfbao qifb
,MUvFOf nOfuM;xBxBn.ufb rmufbnkwfbu.if;rl;
eefUxkpfwluf;erfU[mif/ rmufbnkwfbqdlOf;
udkwf;eefh wmif;wyfhodkuf;z.rfh=rfjvkufhzdkefU
(qdkifjwB;) SURA vBjugMbawMUnOfao
rM;xMyeMOBU wDju.if;rl;rfgb ndlifbrdlif;iBm;
aq@OAif;uAif;vmOf [email protected] ;rBb/ u.if;rl;
(wmif;xB;+ifUq.rf;yMvdOMj oxkyfb) eefU
uljyDyD ayM;vdlefuFsef@edOf@O'D@ Oef;xd 18
rM; wyfUodkuf;xB;ugMbOBjOmef; eyfU,rf,lb
[mefUawMb,mrf;vAOf-rmifyDyM;qArfqOfjemif;
a[Mcrf;xB;erf;eMj/
q qBm;n.ifb (ayMjxOfjn.ifb)
uAOfbvlpfj umefcOfjn.ufbwif;xB;eefU
ayM;nrfbrD;yDjn.ifbauMjaw,myfbtwUtwU-
ulef;uOfburfjz.ifj OMjeef/
v.ifjodkuf;wB;ymefuljy.ufj,lb udefugMbrM;
q.rf;vFefvdefxB;qdlOfU[dkOfeefU vBj=UacMj
rkef; wDjayMjxOfjn.ifberftwUtwU/
q qOfjcdlOf;odlOf
yAefxB;rdlif;xB; qAifb+ifbOef;n.ufb
nef+ifUOMj (ndomef)/ qdkOfjtwUyAef
Vef@wdwfb zOf@'if@ ������� ��� ��� /olrfzlif@ ���� ��� eBauMj+ifU/ rdlOfjyD
1985 ,mrfjqlOf;zljwFrfjugMb=yfUxlyf;wif;
e.ifUqBm;ref;qOfj zB@usdwfb ��������� wDj
ukif;xAyfj,lb/ e.ifUqBm;ayM;OMj ]wlOfref;
nrfbqfgjwB;auMj [ufUwB;w.ef;vdlOfwB;ndlOfj}
OMjeB/ ,.efUref;qOfj[ufUwB;eMbtvj ayM;
qdlOf;nrfb=Uquf;w.ifjxmrftwU ref;qOfj
wdkef;OMjyAefqMb wdoFefODwduf;wduf; awMb
,mrf;vAOf/
Page 6
6 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L
xuho:'yt9wr d.kjp:oyrl5r ;oyrd5b9yj0;yhp:9yhakT 9uh,5b'yrd:dyj
ref;qOfjeBU vBjcdkefjyAefqmif;wDjrdlif;
wlefao cOfjugMb[Aef;efg;rdlif;wB; rdlif;rmefj/
ugMb,lbuAif;wkif qyf;qdkOfjqOfjuAif;wkif? OBm;
eefUugMbyAefqOfjeifjuRif; wDjOwfUcdlOf;wB;
OmefjnBmb-ndlifbcBm;[AOf; OAif;vMjoAOfj/
ayM;OMjqdlOf;[Of;nef=Uvdufjrmefj cOfj
xdlefb,dyf;u.ifjawMbolj wyfUodkuf;rmefjeBU
qdkif ,.efUvBjvlyyfUvdufjxkef;rsdefUw.ifbusD;
(1920-1997) wFrfj? qdlOf;[Of;nef=U
vdufjwB;wlifUwdkefbcOfjxdlefbeefUauMj aw
vBjqdqrfjteOMj u.yfjyyfUvdufjqOfjcdlOf;odlOf
(qdkOfjuRif;-qOfjyefbwdw) wFrfj rdlefeifb
],.ifja,M;zMoMcdlOf;wB;} ]cdlOf;wB;rdlif;wB;}
]=UwlOfwMUwB;} tvj ]vBm;Zef;rdlif;}/ xdkif
wDjwyfUodkuf;rmefjayM;qfgvrfao[Mwdref;
qOfj? ,.efUvlpfj zDwlOfzDcdif;ref;qOfj
vDtvj ref;qOfjvBjv.wfjyFwfjauMj zM
nkwfb=OfUuRif;ref;qOfj vBjxkufbuM;wFifU
rmefj zMbulefbyFwfj/
qOfj,.wfjZMU
ref;qOfjyAef cdlOf;a[Mcrf; rldif;xB;/
qdkOfjtwUyAef ����� �������� �����⌫(y'dOwf; uoArfoD)/
nAef;nmef;ref;qOfjeBU w.efjwMb
[Awf;{jqdkifjwB;u.ef;acMao nOfrM;=rfjuef
wif;rdlif;xB;/
12_10_1976 n.efauMbwifjwyfU
odkuf;u.ef;acMwB; (TIA) / 1_1_1980
zFefumefcOfjwdkuf;wyfUrmefj wMjcDjvAuf;/
,.efUwyfUodkuf;rmefjwef;=UwlOftvj nrfb
,dkwf;vBj xdkifwDjrdlif;xB;rldif;rmefj vBjyAef
olyf;yAefugmrf;qdte;uefwif;[dkif/ wmif;
qOfja[Mcrf;auMj vBj+ifUref;qOfj ao yef
eMjumefefg;[mifjefg;a[M,lbugMb awMbayM;okwf;
rkef/
z.if;wB;twbvkufUzdkefU cOfjrM;vFefvdefxB;
eefU ayM;nrfbqfgUugmrf;ndif;uvAwfj auMj
nrfby.ifbuef/ wmif;qkrf;vBm;vkufUzdkefUcOf
yAefeBOBU? orfUcOfj,lbq.rf;vFefvdefZifb
wmif;xB;vBjeBU ydlifedkifj ,.efUvlpfjyDje.ifU
xB; qdlOf;=Uydkef;wB;-xB; yAefyDje.ifUuef
eefU urfUqB.jvmwfjqB.j/
efg;xB;qdlOf;nrfbvDvdkrf;eBh
=UawrD;OBUvBmauMU
q y'Odwf; ok'dOlif; ��������� ����� ���
rdlOfj 1959 qOfju.ef;qdlif; vBjrmwfb
qAyf;wDjymifwdkuf;=pfjanMjao zFOfrM;wDj
rdlif;Zmif/ rdlOfjeefU auMUnefolifbyefyAef
ref;qBm;,OfU/ uAOfbvlpfjref;qOfjeBU vDvBj
odkyfbw.ifjxmrfxFifj/
qdlOf;,lbe.ufjaoqB.j
wB; nrfbeefwB;vlif[Of;eBU vmwfj
awMbuefwif;xB; nrfbayM;=Uugmrf;uef/ u.yfj
OMjugmrf;wB;vlifylef; (clef;) ugmrf;rmefjerf/
ugmrf;xB;orfUylef;ugmrf;yMvderf/ ayM;[efwB;
cdkef wB;vdkOfUcOftwU xB;nrfbolj+ifUOMj
rmefj/ ayM;wB;vlif[Of;twU ,MbOMjxB;u.efb?
wB;vdkOfU wB;cdkef ,if;cfgj+ifUOMjyAefrmefj/
q \ldif@ edref@a[rdef@
(1919-1992)
u'B@oD@ edref@a[rdef@
(1912-1992)
o.ifyDje.ifUeBU yAefcdlOf;wB;vdkOfU/ urfU
qB.jidkef;w.if;tvjuyf;odkyfbyef zlj,fgb ulef;
vlifcOf/ wFrfjvdufjcmOfbimOf;v.ifjwB;/ ckef@
\ldif@ yAefzljydkefn.ufbzdkefcmOfb clef@rdlif@
Page 7
Shan Herald Agency for News 7
INDEPENDENCE
efg;,mrf;eef/
rdlOfjqOfjtrj=def;crf; rM;xdkifrdlif;xB;
auMj o.ifyDje.ifUvBjqwf; Odusdwfb csB@Oef@
ugMbyfgU[yfUw.efj rM;uAif;rfgb [MyefwDj,lb
wDjoOf;/ rdlOfjqOfjqmifU,.if=pfj vBjxkufb
ylwf;ayM;umefefg; SSA ao pM;wmif;,myfb
zdkwfb,lb wDjuAif;rfgbeefUauMj auMU[Mumefyef
yAefckef@u'B@oD / vkufjref;qOfjauMUedkifj
xM@'def@ ,mrfjyAefz.if;vlifZBmbumefidkef;
efg;vlify.ifqdkifjxB;/
q cdkuf;c'dwfb y'M@rlwfU
(1911-1995)
yAefcdlOf;qOfjcdlOf;ckeftvj ,mrfjyAef
q.rfz.if;vlifefg;rdlif;xB;/ rdlOfj 1959 ref;
qOfj,mrfjqB.j{jzljwFef;wB; qOfjckefawMb
wMb qOfjxkef;an; tvj qBm;yef (qOfj
ydkef;wB;) cOfjugMb=yfUxlyf; zlwf; oM'odef
nefyAefzljerf;efg; rkufUqkrf;vdufj=rfjrBm
an@osLdOf@qAifbqmef;Oef;n.ufb oD@wlOf@
(SEATO) nefvBmrdlif;cOfj=rfjyM; wMbcAifb
wMU ZBmbc.rf@rdOf@edwfU/
ulpf;uMj nrfbyAefumeftvj nOf[Fif;qfg
wluf;ugMbao [mifb,mefyFwfjwif;umefwB;/
(rdlefeifbZBmbrmefjuBUte;OMj qOfjZMUcOf
nOf[Fif;oD@wlOf@ awrM;nOfcdkef;rldif;eB
eefU yAefvlrf;yAefvFifUao,OfUvBmugMb)/
rdlOfjymef SURA qOfju.ef;qdlif;vBj=yfU
xlyf;ref;qOfj efg;ymifudefvAifUy.ufjedkifj
wDjukif;xAyfj/ rD;zlj,fgbulef;vlifxB;auMUedkifj
teUerf;yefOMj yAefqOfju.ef;qdlif; =OfeMj
u.yfbuljqmwfjxB;,fgbeBauMj ref;qOfj,if;
vFyfjyBbvdkrf; nef,mrfjqAyf;qfgOBUqArfrdlOfjqrf
qrf 20 yDyBmeefUaoOMj ]xB;,fgboleBU
([Awf;rM;r.ufjeBUtvjyBbn.ifbeefU) ,if;yBb
ql;u.efb[MU} OMjeB/
rdlOfjOef;udlwfbref;qOfj urf;vdkef;
okwf;eefU wB;qdlOf;,lbukif;xAyfjugMbyefy.ef;
ref;qOfj/ rdlOfjeefUtwUOMj ]qlOfjuOfyBb
vyf;wMvdkrf;rldif;eBU cfgj[efwB;olxmifb[mifj
v.wfjvFOf; rD;eMjrD;wMefg;vkrfjZMU,lb} OMj
eifbeB/
wB;q.ifbvBj
wmif;qB.jxFrfwDjxB;<
eBUyAefugmrf;xmrf nefuljZBmbcf gj=U
ugmrf;w.yfb/ wlOfzljwFrfjauMj,mrfjxmrfrM;?
nrfbw.efUvBjugmrf;w.yfbnefxkufbqfg/ u.yfj
eef ugmrf;w.yfb[Of;auMj q.ifbawxkufbqfg
nrfbxkufbqfgzljnmefb[Of;eBeefU rD;wDj
zljnmefbcOfwFyf;wwf;/
wifjnOf 1958 xdkif 1982 eBU
wyfUodkuf;wB;vBmrlbvBmqkrf; rM;wifjiOfjikef;
q.rf;efg;vFefvdefefg;ZifbxB;/ ekrfbodkuf;[mef
wDj=if;OlOf; uAif;vmOf? SSA wDjOmefjrfgbr.ufb
qmrf_udOfb=uf;_cM;[mef? SURA wDjyAif;vlif
OAif;[Fif? SNA wDjerfUckefbtrjoBm? SUA wDj
[defwFufb (trjqef;) trjZMUvlif/
e.ufjvldOfaoeefU
q rD;wmif;wdwf;awMbcOfj[Muef/
q rD;wmif;qB.jxFrfuef (ydlifvlifuAOfbvlpfj
umefcmOfbimOf; v.ifjc.rf@rdOf@edwfU?
v.ifj,MjrOf;urf)
q rD;yef[MauMjvmwfjuef/
ulpf;uMj v.ifjwB;-xB; cOfj[MuefeBU
nrfbw.efUxdkifwDj
q qrfqfguef
q qB.jxFrfuef u.ifjumifb rmufb,mrf;
idkef;w.if; clOf;c.if
q qB.jxFrfuefawMbxdkifcOfj[MvBj
uljrdlif;rdlif;ao nOfwmif;urfUqB.jydlefj
cOfjrM;
q Zdkuf;o.rfUumef uAOfbvlpfj
vBm;wdkuf;ymefrfgb
oifOMjvBjqdlifUeeftwU- yAufUOMj
yBbvBjrdlif;auMj awu.ef;vBjydkefUwDjerfvdlOf
,mrf;vAOf/ ,.efUoifyAefeBeefU=UiBmj,lb/
xuho:'yt9wr05b;yrp5j,5b'yrd:dyj
d.kjxoyx:oyr;oyrdb59yj
0;yh-6bdyr-ib9yj xikH,59ty xu @+_)
l6bxyjokhS@#
Page 8
8 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L
qBm;rAOf;Odef;xkef; vkufjqkrf;oFef;
[kefjrfgbqdkifjwB; auMUcrfc.ufjodkuf;rmefj 79
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yAefvBm,mifbvdlOf[Fif; nrfbcfgjw.if;ulef; vBj
cOfj=if;,M 2 vdlefyBm-zljcmefymufbiOfjikef;
[email protected] @ca'@oD@qdlOfhcdlOf;wB;vmwfj/
wifjtwbvdlefanM@uwfhofrM; awMb
,mrf;vAOf qBm;rAOf;Odef;xkef; vBjcOfj=if;,M
,lwf;,Mwmif;yAefvBm,mifb- ref;qBm;yAef
wmif;yAefrmufb=Ofqfg? ovdlufj? wmif;yAefyBm;qfg
(=Ofqfg=OfacM; cfgjrdlefulef;,.ifb)? nrfbudef
cOfj udeferfhulpf;? xmwfjqfgwluf;? [Fif;urfh
wlOfanb? wMvBm;=Ofyefb? zfgyAefzfgnrfbcfgj=U
quf;,Ofhtvj vBjcOfj=if;,M/
qBm;vAufh zljcmefbymufbiOfjikef; WD@
r.uf@ca'@oD@qdlOfhcdlOf;wB;vmwfjOMj ]Olifj
ylefheBh ulef;=def;cOfugMbolbqgfg;vBj=UOMj cFef;
rM;z.ifj/ c.ufjuljwDj (ywf;ydkefh) wDj,lbe.ef;?
wmif;udef,rfhckpfjwFrfb okefbvBjulef;wluf;
c.ufjnrfbrD;? nrfbyAif;ayM;aoydlif/ yDuBmauMj
ref;qBm;vBjcOfj=if;,Murf;edkifj/ yDeBhyAef[Fif;
vdlOfuOfb ayM;vBjugMb,lwf;,MauMj cFef;rM;
vDqfgrM;? ayM;xdkifefg;c.ufjorfh rdlefuOfbcdkef;}
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zljerf;qdkifjwB; qdlOf;crfc.ufjrmefjcmOf;,mOf;
qyf;wmif;yAefvdlOf[Fif;
qBm;vMUn.ifb vkufjqkrf;iOfjikef;WD@
r.uf@ca'@oD@qdlOfhcdlOf;wB; (SNLD) nef
odkuf;rmefjcifOBhefg;c.ufjuRufhzdOfb 79 yD (aq@
rldif;'cFifb) auMjyAefudef;vdlOf[Fif; wmif;yAef
vdlwfjokif? ,AOfjOmef? erfheuf;wlOfcdif;vlwf;
vlif;? udefnrfbOmef? e.ef;nrfbvBj? +ifjwDj
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ekrfb,dif;wB; [Aef;vdufjwMjukifj auMU
edkifjvmwfjOMj- ]ayM;yDje.ifhugMbolbqfg; vBj
nOfikdef;,Awfjr.efzljukrf;c.ufj=OfoFef? ayM;
vAifhn.Bby.efj[mrfhanbnrfb[yfh/ uljy.ufjarM,M
uBUugMbulwfbyBm;,lbvDyef/ wifbtwbcmOf;=Of
[dkOfhrM;awMb,mrf;vAOf arM,MnrfbcOfjwlpf;
tvj yDeBhnrfbwmefbyDuBmauMj vBjOMjyAef[Fif;
,lb} /
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c.ufjuljwDj ref;qBm;nM,kvAufhekrfbvdlOfydlefj/
orfhcMbtubzFefokif udefidkef;,Awfjr.eferf
tvjrD;idkef;? wFifbwlOf[mifjcdlifj rdlefOdef;nl;
(qBm;nAufbiOf;wlifhuljy.ufj)? arMolifb,kdefj
,Awfjr.efyMjedlOf/ nrfboljvAifhn.Bbulef;yMjwfgj
tvj nrfbrFefjvkufje.ifh-OMjeB/
zljerf;wB; 7-8 qOfj nefvBjxkufb
odkuf;rmefjukrf;cifyD[dkifcmOf;,mOf; 75-106 yD
eBh vBj=yfhyef[Mzljukrf;c.ufj[kuf;[Bmh? okefbvBj
ulef;wluf;c.ufjnrfbrD; wmif;udef,rfh nrfbyAif;
ayM;tvj yBm;,lbvDvlwf;,.efb ,lyfj,.rf;
uljqOfj/ zljerf; SSA (qkrf;udkwf;okduf;)
y.wf;+ifb qOfjodlOfxFefj auMUcrfc.ufj 106
yD OAif;crf;wDj wdlif;aq@uAif;y.wf;eldOfeefh
wlpf;oDnrfbqFufbvBj yAefwMrlefbwMawMj
rM;[drf;yD wmifbvdufjvOfj,.ef;qkrf;odkuf;rmefj
{jvBj,lwf;,MauMjyBbvBjugMb,lwf;,M ao
y.ufjawMbrdlOfjvAOf/ ,.efhv.ifj,myfbzdkwfb
qdlOf;eBhao zljerf;oFef;[kefbrfgb qdkifjwB;
cl;rs def hwmef; vBjokwf;rkefugMbef g;c.ufj
wmefbw.B; rldif;'cFifb rdlOfjumifyD 2006 /
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qBm;rAOf;Odef;xkef; qBm;vMUn.ifb cl;rsdefhwmef; (oAifjrkefrldOfjumifyD 2006)
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Page 9
Shan Herald Agency for News 9
INDEPENDENCE
rldOfjOef;xd 29_10_2008 yAefOef;
nefvkif;ckefusMbnl; zljauMbwifj uOfhiOfj
okefbvBjulef;qkdifjwB; (Shan Human Right
Foundation-SHRF) oAifjurf@okwf;rkef
z.if;wkdufh[myfbykefjz.ef; ,lbwDjvFefvdefxB;
y.wf;wmif;uAif;[Bm; c.yfj+yfjxkdif 11 yD egf;yD
eBh/
uOfhiOfjokefbvBjulef; (SHRF) eBh vkif;
ckefusMbnl; n.ef=OfauMbwifjrM;rldOfjyD 1991
n.ef=Oft[Uuifj q.BjxFrfulef;yBmjaz;egf;
rldif;wB;tvje.ufjrldif; q.rf;vFefvdefxB; wif;
rldOfjyAefokduf;wkduf;awM;uef/
vkif;ckefusMbnl; vBjoAifjurf@okwf;rkef
ugMbrldOfj 29_10_1997/
cmOf;wmif; 7 yDwArf vBj[Awf;umefq.Bj
xFrfulef;wluf;udef; nrfbeef ulefyBmjaz;
rldif;wB;vBmvBmwDj qArfy.wf;trj+ifjo.ef
rldif;Zmif? uAif;rBb? wif; trjoBm trjZMUvlif
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(1997-2008)
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Page 10
10 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L
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Page 11
Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
eBh oBmiBmref;anbtwhtwh/ u.yfjydlOfjyBm;rmufjrD;
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Page 12
12 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L
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Page 13
Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
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14 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
L
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Page 15
Shan Herald Agency for News 15
INDEPENDENCE
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Page 16
16 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
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Page 17
Shan Herald Agency for News 17
INDEPENDENCE
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o'yj 0:,yl6bdyr]5'y 9Koyrl5Pyj ,5b'yrs;yrowt
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9'yr Georgia gl x6boyzK;yjd:oyrg-k ;wKr
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18 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
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Page 19
Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
Graceful tolerance blunts the sharp edge of opposition.
Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, Chapter 4
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Page 20
20 Vol. 25, No. 249, 2008
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