Korean Police Action WAR J. Marshall 2009 1950-1953
May 25, 2015
Korean Police ActionWAR
J. Marshall 2009
1950-1953
Outline
• Background• Crisis• Bipolar World• Ground War• Air War• Peace Talks
Background to the Korean War• Korea had been colonized by the
Russians and after 1905, by the Japanese.• At Yalta, Stalin promised to attack Japan
w/i 3 months of VE Day. The Soviets invaded August 9 – Japan surrendered August 15.
• After the surrender, the Soviets occupied Korea’s north and the USA occupied the south.
• A plebiscite was to determine the country’s future.
The Red Army accepted the surrender of the Japanese in Manchuria, August, 1945.
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Political Timeline
• Sep 9, 45: USA accepts surrender in Korea• Nov 14, 47: UN resolution to remove
troops after elections• April 8, 48: Truman orders US troops out• Aug 15, 48: Republic of Korea created in
popular elections Syngman Rhee, president
• Sep 9, 48: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea claims all of Korea
• Jun 25, 1950: North invades South.
June 25, 1950
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
June 25, 1950
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
UN Security Council Resolution 84• July 7, 1950• To repel attack and restore peace and security• Unified command under USA• UN flag to be used• Regular report to the Council
In Favour Abstained AbsentUSA Egypt USSRUK India
R of China Yugoslavia
FranceCuba
Ecuador
Norway
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Bipolar World: Proxy War?NORTH SOUTH
780,ooo 590,ooo
260,ooo 480,ooo
26,ooo 63,ooo
27,ooo
42,ooo (13 Nations)
These numbers represent total participants by nation; not all were deployed at the same time – Canadians, for example, were sent on one-year rotations.
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Action and Counter-Action
① The North Koreans invaded and almost drove the South into the sea at PUSAN.
② The UN (USA) landed at INCHON and drove almost to the Chinese border at the YALU River.
③ The Chinese invaded and drove the UN back to the 38TH PARALLEL.
④ STALEMATE and STATIC WAR with looooonnngg peace talks at PANMUNJOM.
⑤ Armistice with DMZ, but still at war today.
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
General Douglas MacArthurHero of the Pacific Theatre
Military chief in occupied Japan
Leads daring Inchon invasion
Wanted to cross the Yalu and attack PRC in Manchuria
Truman told him to back-off.
MacArthur often ignored his superiors (Truman).
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Kapyong
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Kapyong
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
MacArthur is FIRED!
MacArthur is FIRED!
MacArthur is FIRED!
MacArthur is FIRED!
MacArthur is FIRED!
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Round 3 = STATIC WAR
Patrolling
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
COLD
2 Nations with very different stories
• Canada 4th largest @ 27,000 participants– 516 killed– 1042 wounded
• Turkey 7th largest @ 5,455 participants– 721 killed– 2111 wounded
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
= 6% casualty rate
= 52% casualty rate
Refugees
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
THE AIR WARNew Technology:1. Jet Fighters (prop driven airplanes still used)2. Helicopters (very limited size/load capacity)
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
MiG vs Sabre
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
MiG Alley: aerial dogfightsThe USAF won 10:1.
This is attributed to training NOT superior aircraft.
The USSR had pilots flying in Korea but NEVER admitted it.
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Canada sent no jet fighter squadrons to Korea because none had yet been created – 22 Canadian fighter pilots flew on exchange with the USAF.
Sikorsky H191. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Bell 47
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
Bell 47
Negotiations
• The war turned into a stalemate• The Chinese continued to have regular
“harassing” attacks• The UN forces held their ground and patrolled
to deny the Chinese strategic advantage in the valleys.
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
July 27, 1953: Armistice signed at Panmunjom
Armisti
ce but not P
eace…
even today!
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
1. Background 2. Crisis 3. Bipolar World 4. Ground War 5. Air War 6. Peace Talks
END