Korean Lesson Level 1

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 1 - 안녕하세요 and 감사합니다]

안녕하세요 (Annyeonghaseyo) = Hello.

안녕 = Peace, 하세요 = you do / do you / please do (depend on condition).

When you write it, you can write it question (안녕하세요?) or not (

안녕하세요). Either of them is okay. So it is originally asking "are you ok?"

감사합니다 = Thank you.

감사 = appreciation / thankfulness / gratitude, 합니다 = I do.

In Korean, no need to add "You" when say 안녕하세요 or 감사합니다. If

I looking at you and say 안녕하세요 or 감사합니다, it means I said it to you.

[NOTICE] There are a few politeness level in Korean. 존댓말 (Formal

Language) and 반말 (Casual). Sentence with -요 / -니다 is 존댓말. And

sentence without -요 / -니다 is 반말.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 2 - 네 and 아니요]

네 = Yes. Or agreement to what the other person said.

아니요 = No. Or disagreement to what the other person said.

네 doesn't exactly mean YES. It could be mean: Yes, I agree, I see!, I got it, I understand, Uh huh.

Example:

A: You know I bought this book yesterday?

B: 네. (Yes.)

A: I really like it!

B: 네~ (Uh huh~)

A: But it is a bit too expensive.

B: 네?! (What?!)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 3 - Goodbye!]

If you remember, "안녕" means Peace. To say "Goodbye!" in Korean,

there are 2 expressions and we'll find "안녕" in them. One expression is when you're the one who is leaving. The other one is when you're the one who is staying & seeing the person leaving.

First expression is "안녕히계세요!". You say this expression when you are the one who is leaving and I'm staying.

Other expression is "안녕히가세요!". You say this expression when you are the one who is staying and I'm the one who is leaving.

If two people are leaving so both of them will say "안녕히가세요!" because no one is staying.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 4 - 죄송합니다 [joe-song-ham-ni-da] = I'm sorry]

죄송 [joe-song] = apology / being sorry / feeling ashamed.

합니다 [ham-ni-da] = I do. 죄송합니다 [joe-song-ham-ni-da] = I'm sorry / I apologize.

Eventhough 죄송합니다 basically means "I'm sorry" BUT you can't use it when you wanna say "Im sorry to hear that".

Let's supposed I lost my wallet. In English you'll say "I'm sorry to

hear that." But Korean will naturally say "어 진짜?! 어떻께??" [Eo jin-

jja?! Eo-tteoh-kke??]. "어 진짜?! 어떻께??" means "Oh Really?! What are you suppose to do?"

죄송합니다 only means I'm sorry / I'm apologize / It was my bad / Excuse me / I shouldn't have done that. Not "I'm sorry to hear that".

And usually before we talk to strangers, we have to get their

attention first. In this case, we dont use 죄송합니다 to get their attention.

In English we use "Excuse me" in all of the following situations:

First, when you're passing through a crowd of people.

Second, when you're leaving the room for a second.

Third, when you want to get someone's attention and talk to them.

Fourth, when you want to call the waiter in a Restaurant or a Cafe to order something.

Korean will use 저기요 [jeo-gi-yo] when they are in 3rd or 4th

situation. When we want to pass through we can use 잠시만요 jam-si-

man-yo / 잠깐만요 [jam-kkan-man-yo] (literal meaning: Just a second)

or 죄송합니다 (literal meaning: I'm sorry)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 5 - -이에요 [i-e-yo] /-예요 [ye-yo]]

이에요 [i-e-yo] and 예요 [ye-yo] have similar role to that of the English verb "to be".

English sentence structure: A + to be + B (noun). Ex: This is book, She is singer, We are student.

Korean sentence structure: A + B (noun) + to be. Ex: 이거 ABC 예요 = This is ABC.

In English, the verb "to be" is changed to "am" "is" or "are" depending to the subject of the sentence. But in Korean, we decide

whether to use -이에요 or -예요 depending on whether the last letter

in the previous word ended in a consonant or a vowel. Add -이에요 if the last letter of noun is consonant. And add -예요 if the last letter of noun is vowel. This is just to make the pronouncation of the connected part easier so it will come naturally if you practice with some simple sentences.

Example (-이에요):

1. 물 [mul] (water) + 이에요 = 물이에요 [mul-i-e-yo*] (It's water)

2. 책 [chaek] (book) + 이에요 = 책이에요 [chaek-i-e-yo] (It's book)

3. 가방 [ga-bang] (bag) + 이에요 = 기방이에요 [ga-bang-i-e-yo] (It's bag)

*When you said 물이에요, it should be pronounce as [Mu-ri-ye-yo] not [Mul-i-ye-yo].

Example (-예요):

1. 저 [jeo] (Me) + 예요 = 저예요 [jeo-ye-yo] (It's me)

2. 학교 [hak-gyo] (school) + 예요 = 학교예요 [hak-gyo-ye-yo] (It's school)

3. 커피 [keo-pi] (coffee) + 예요 = 커피예요 [keo-pi-ye-yo] (It's coffee)

We can change this sentences into question easily. Just put question mark behind it then it becomes question.

Example:

1. 물이에요? [Mul-i-e-yo?] (Is it water? / Is this water / Is that water?)

2. 커피예요? [keo-pi-ye-yo?] (Is it coffee? / Is this coffee? / Is that coffee?)

3. 뭐 [mwo] (What). 뭐예요? [mwo-ye-yo?] = What is it?

4. 학생 [hak-saeng] (Student). 학생이에요? [hak-saeng-i-e-yo?] = Are you a student?

5. 팬 [paen] (Fans). 팬이에요? [paen-i-e-yo?] = Are you fans?

#vocab [BODY PARTS]:

머리 [meo-ri] (head);머리카락 [meo-ri-ka-rak] (hair);이마 [i-ma] (forehead);눈 [nun] (eyes);코 [ko] (nose);입 [ip] (mouth);귀 [gwi] (ears);얼굴 [eol-gul] (face);볼 [bol] (cheek);입술 [ip-sul] (lips);혀 [hyeo] (tongue);목 [mok] (neck);이 [i] (teeth);턱 [teok] (chin);팔 [pal] (arms);팔목 [pal-mok] (wrist);손 [son] (hand);손바닥 [son-ba-dak] (palm);등 [deung] (back);허리 [heo-ri] (waist);손가락 [son-ga-rak] (fingers);손톱 [son-top] (finger nail);배 [bae] (stomach);다리 [da-ri] (legs);허벅지 [heo-beok-ji] (thigh);발 [bal] (foot);발목 [bal-mok] (ankle);발톱 [bal-top] (toe nails);근육 [geun-yuk] (muscles);보조개 [bo-jo-gae] (dimple).

Example:1. 머리 어깨 무릎 발 swag check! [Meo-ri eo-kkae mu-reup- bal swag check!] (Head, shoulders, knee, foot swag check!)2. 너의 파란 눈을 좋아해요. [Neo-ui pa-ran nun-eul joh-a-hae-yo] (I like your blue eyes).3. 머리부터 발끝까지 스캔해요. [Meo-ri-bu-teo bal-kkeut-kka-ji seu-kaen-hae-yo] (Scanning from head to toe).

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 6 - -이거 = This]

1. 이거 [i-geo] can be combine with -이에요 [i-e-yo] / -예요 [ye-yo] at the previous lesson. Example책 [chaek] (book). 이거 + 책 + -이에요 = 이거 채이에요 [i-geo chaek-i-e-yo] (This is a book)

2. 이 [i] (this) + 것 [geot] (thing) = 이것 [i-geot] (this thing).Example카메라 [ka-me-ra] (camera). 이거 + 카메라 + 예요 = 이거 카메라예요

[i-geo ka-me-ra-ye-yo] (this is camera)

3. 이거 is originally 이것 but it is often used as just 이거 for the ease of pronouncation.Example :커피 [ko-pi] (coffee). 이거 + 커피+ 예요 = 이거 커피예요 [i-geo ko-pi-ye-yo] (this is coffee)

4. In Level 1 lesson 5, I gave example 뭐예요? [mwo-ye-yo?] (What is it?). You can add 이거 in front of it to ask "What is this?"Example:1. A: 이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] (What is this?)

B: 이거 핸드폰이에요. [i-geo haen-deu-pon-i-e-yo] (This is a cellphone)

2. M: 이거 뭐예요? [i-geo mwo-ye-yo?] (What is this?) B: 이거 커피예요. [ko-pi-ye-yo] (This is coffee)

Example how to say "No" A: 이거 커피예요? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] (Is this coffee?) B: 아니요. 이거 물이에요. [A-ni-yo. I-geo mul-i-e-yo] (No.This is water)

Example how to say "Yes" A: 이거 커피예요? [i-geo keo-pi-ye-yo?] (Is this coffee?) B: 네. 이거 커피에요. [Ne. I-geo keo-pi-ye-yo] (Yes. This is coffee)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 7 - 이 [i] = this, 그 [geu] = that, 저 [jeo] = that]

In Korean, however, words for "this" as modifier & "this" as "this item here" are strictly distinguished,and the same is true for "that".

이 [i] = this (near you);그 [geu] = the / that (near the other person);저 [jeo] = that (over there).

그 and 저 reffering to the something far away from the speaker but 그 is used when you are talking to the other person and that object is near that other person and far away from you, and 저 is used for reffering to the something that far away from BOTH of you.

Since 이, 그, and 저 can only work as modifiers, when you want to say "this", "that" or "it" as pronouns, you've to add the word 거 [geu] or 것 [geot] which mean "thing / item / stuff" after these words.

Example "이" as modifier:1. 이 [i] (this) + 커피 [keo-pi] (coffee) = 이 커피 (this coffee)2. 이 [i] (this) + 호텔 [ho-tel] (hotel) = 이 호텔 (this hotel)

Example "그" as modifier:1. 그 + 피자 [pi-ja] (pizza) = 그 피자 (that pizza near you)2. 그 + 카메라 [ka-me-ra] (camera) = 그 카메라 (that camera near you)

Example "저" as modifier:1. 저 + 차 [cha] (car) = 저 차 (that car over there)2. 저 + 채 [chaek] (book) = 저 책 (that book over there)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 8 - 아니에요 [ani-e-yo] = that's not it]

이 (this);이것 (this thing);그 (that);그것 (that thing);저 (that over there);저것 (that thing over there).

아니에요 [a-ni-e-yo] is the present tense in the formal language of the verb 이니다 [a-ni-da] (to be not). So 아니에요 means "It's not", "I'm not", "You're not", "He/She's not" and etc. Whenever you want to say that something is NOT something you can say a subject and 아니에요 [a-ni-e-yo].

Noun + 아니에요 in Korean same with To be + Noun in English.>> NOUN + 아니에요 = TO BE + NOUN <<

Example :1. 저 [jeo] (me) + 아니에요 = 저 아니에요 [jeo a-ni-e-yo] (It's not me)2. 우유 [u-yu] (milk) + 아니에요 = 우유 아니에요 [u-yu a-ni-e-yo] (It's not milk)3. 물 [mul] (water) + 아니에요 = 물 아니에요 [mul a-ni-e-yo] (It's not water)4. 차 [cha] (car) + 아니에요 = 차 아니에요 [cha a-ni-e-yo] (It's not a car)

If you want to say "THIS is not aaa", "THAT is not yyy", "I am not ooo" etc, you can add a word at the beginning of the sentence.

Example:1. 우유 [u-yu] = milk;

우유 아니에요 [u-yu a-ni-e-yo] = not milk;이거 우유 아니에요 [i-geo u-yu a-ni-e-yo] = This is not milk.

2.술 [sul] = liquor;술 아니에요 [sul a-ni-e-yo] = not liquor;저거 술 아니에요 [jeo-geo sul a-ni-e-yo] = That (over there) is not liquor.

3. 커피 [keo-pi] = coffee;커피 아니에요 [keo-pi a-ni-e-yo] = not coffee;그거 커피 아니에요 [geu-geo keo-pi a-ni-e-yo] = That (near you) is not coffee.

4. 학생 [hak-saeng] = student;학생 아니에요 [hak-saeng a-ni-e-yo] = not student;저 학생 아니에요 [jeo hak-saeng a-ni-e-yo] = I'm not a student.

[NOTICE] You also can use 아니에요 when someone say 감사합니다 / 고맙습니다.

Example:A: 감사합니다! (Thank you!)B: 아니에요. (It's no problem.)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 9 - -은 [eun] / -는 [neun] = Topic marking particles & -이 [i] / -가 [ga] = Subject marking particles]

Most languages don't have topic marking particles or subject marking particles in their sentences, so the concept might be very new.But once you get used to them, knowing how to use these particles will come very much in handy.

Topic marking particles = -은 [eun] / -는 [neun].The main role of topic marking particles is letting the other people know what you are talking about or going to talk about. Topic marking particles are attached after nouns. Words ending with consonant + -은 and word ending with vowel + -는.

Example:가방 [ga-bang] + -은 = 가방은 [ga-bang-eun] (bag);나 [na] + -는 = 나는 [na-neun] (me).

The topic of the sentences, marking by -은 or -는 is usually (but not always) the same as the subject of the sentence.저 [jeo] = I저 + 는 = 저는 [jeo-neun] = as for me / (I'm talking about) me.저는 학생이에요 = As for me, I'm a student / I'm a student.

There, the word 저 (I) is both the topic of the sentence (talking about "I" here) and the subject of the sentence ("I" is the subject).

But the uniqueness of Korean Language can be found in the following sample sentence.

Example: 내일은 저는 일해요 [nae-il-eun jeo-neun il-hae-yo] = As for tomorrow, I work.

There, 내일 [nae-il] (tomorrow) followed by 은 is the topic, not the subject of the verb 일하다 [il-ha-da] (to work). Because it is not "tomorrow" that works but "I" that work.

Subject marking particles = -이 [i] / -가 [ga]. The role of subject marking particles is relatively simple compared to the role of topic marking particles. Words ending with consonant + -이 and word ending with vowel + -가.

Example:

가방 [ga-bang] + -이 = 가방이 [ga-bang-i] (bag);차 [cha] + -가 = 차가 [cha-ga] (car).So basically, topic marking particles (-은/-는) express what the TOPIC of the sentence is. And subject marking particles (-이/-가) show what the SUBJECT is, but that's not everything.

More about -은/-는/-이/-가:First, In addition to marking topics 은/는 has the nuance of "about" something, "as for" something, or even "unlike other things" or "different from other things."Second, In addition to making subject 이/가 has the nuance of "none other than", "nothing but" and also, when used insode of a complex sentence, the role of marking the subject without empashizing it too much.

Example (은/는):이거 (this) + 사과 [sa-gwa] (apple) + -예요 (to be) = 이거 사과예요 = This is an apple. You can add 은/는. In this case the subject 이거 ends with the vowel so add -는. So it becomes: 이거는 사과예요 [i-geo-neun sa-gwa-ye-yo] = (the other things are not apples, but) THIS is an apple.

Imagine someone talking like this: 이거 커피예요 (this is coffee). 이거는 물이에요 (that was coffee, but THIS ONE is water). 이거는 오렌지주스예요 (and THIS ONE is different again, it is orange juice). 이거는 뭐예요? (And what about THIS ONE? What is it?)As you can see from this example, 은/는 has the role of empashizing the topic of the sentence by giving it the nuance of "that one is ... and/but THIS ONE is ..." So sometime it is unnatural to used 은/는 in every sentences you say. So in Korean, although 은 and 는 are generally topic marking particles, people often save 은/는 for really empashizing the topic in contrast to the other parts of the sentence.

For example, if you want to say "The weather is nice today." in Korean, you can say it in many ways:오늘 [o-neul] (today);날씨 [nal-ssi] (weather);좋다 [joh-da] (to be good).

1) 오늘 날씨 좋네요 [o-neul nal-ssi joh-ne-yo] = The weather is good today.2) 오늘은 날씨 좋네요 [o-neul-EUN nal-ssi joh-ne-yo]= (The weather

hasn't been so good lately, but) TODAY the weather is good.

3) 오늘 날씨는 좋네요 [o-neul nal-ssi-NEUN joh-ne-yo] = Today (not necessarily everything else too, but at least) the weather is good.

So, that's how powerful and useful the topic marking particles (은/는) can be in changing the nuance of your Korean sentences!

Example (이/가):좋아요 [joh-a-yo] = It's good;뭐 [mwo] = what;이/가 [i/ga] = subject marking particles.Imagine someone says "좋아요" and that means "It's good" or "I like it". But if you're not quite sure WHAT is good, you can ask "WHAT is good?" or "WHAT are you talking about?". In order to express your curiosity as to "WHAT" is good, you can ask: 뭐가 좋아요? [mwo-ga joh-a-yo?].

There, the word 가 emphasize what the subject of the verb "to be / 좋아" is.Someone say: "ABC 좋아요!" [ABC joh-a-yo!] (ABC is good!). If you disagree and think "XYZ is good, not ABC" you can express your opinion that the subject of "being good" should be XYZ not ABC, you can say: "ABC 좋아요? XYZ 이 좋아요!" = ABC is good? (It should be) XYZ is good!

So, with 이 and 가 you can add more flavor and more concrete meaning to your Korean sentences when you want to emphasize WHO did something, WHICH ONE is good, etc.

As you can see from the start, 은/는 and 이/가 both have different roles, but the roles of 은/는 as a "contrast" factor is much stronger, because you can change the topic of the sentence with 은/는. So, when you form complex sentence (i.e I think the book that you bought is more interesting than the book I bought), in general, 은/는 is not so commonly used all over the sentences. Often times 은/는/이/가 can be dropped, but when you need particles to clarify the meaning, 이/가 will be more commonly used. ^^

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 10 - -있어요 and -없어요]

We can use these expressions when we want to say "Have / Do(es)n't have" or "Exist / Do(es)n't exist".

있어요 [iss-eo-yo] comes from 있다 [it-da] and it basically expresses that something EXIST. If you are talking about 'someone or something existing in a specific place', it means TO BE. Ex: "It's over there" or "I'm at home now". And if you're talking about 'something (or someone in some cases) in your possession', it means TO HAVE. Ex: "I've sister" or "I've 11 cats".

없어요 [eobs-eo-yo] comes from 없다 [eobt-da] and it basically expresses that something DOESN'T EXIST. Eventhough there is a way to say same thing using 있어요 (있지 않아요 [it-ji anh-a-yo] or 안 있어요 [an iss-eo-yo]) for expression non-existence, it's more convenient to use 없어요.

You simply add 있어요 / 없어요 at the end of the noun that you are referring to. Let's look at following examples!물 [mul] (water);친구 [chin-gu] (friend);시간 [si-gan] (time).

Example:1) 물 + 있어요 = 물 있어요. [mul iss-eo-yo] (There's water / I have water).2) 물 있어요? [mul iss-eo-yo?] (Is there water? / Do you have water?)

3) 친구 + 있어요 = 친구 있어요. [chi-ngu iss-eo-yo] (There's a friend / I have friends).4) 친구 있어요? (Is there a friend? / Do you have friends?)

5) 시간 + 있어요 = 시간 있어요. [si-gan iss-eo-yo] (There's time / I have time).6) 시간 있어요? [si-gan iss-eo-yo?] (Is there time? / Do you have time?)

And just replacing 있어요 [iss-eo-yo] by 없어요 [eobs-eo-yo] you get sentences in the opposite meanings.

Example:

1) 물 + 없어요 = 물 없어요. [mul eobs-eo-yo] (There's no water / I have no water).2) 친구 + 없어요 = 친구 없어요. [chi-ngu eobs-eo-yo] (There's no

friends / I have no friends).3) 시간 + 없어요 = 시간 없어요. [si-gan eobs-eo-yo] (There's no time / I have no time).

Do you remember the usages of 은/는 (topic marking particles) and 이/가 (subject marking particles? Let's add these particles!

Example:1) 시간 + -은 + 없어요 = 시간은 없어요 [si-gan-eun eobs-eo-yo] (I have

other thing but just TIME is not what I have)2) 시간 + -이 + 없어요 = 시간이 없어요 [si-gan-i eobs-eo-yo] =

(someone ask "What is it that you don't have?" and you say) TIME is what I don't have.

있어요 and 없어요 can be used to form many interesting and frequently used expressions in Korean.

Example:재미 [jae-mi] = fun.- 재미+있어요 = 재미있어요 [jae-mi-iss-eo-yo] literally means "fun

exist" but it means "it's interesting."- 재미+없어요 = 재미없어요 [jae-mi-eobs-eo-yo] literally means "fun no

exist" but it means "it isn't interesting."

Notice how the two words are even written without any space inbetween. That's because it has already become an expression used daily. ^^

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 11 - "Do you have ... ?" or "Is there ... ?" & "Give me ... please." or "I'd like to have ... please."]

[Review]-A 있어요 [A iss-eo-yo] = I have A. / You have A. / There is A.-B 없어요 [B eobs-eo-yo] = I don't have B. / You don't have B. / There isn't B.

Example:1) 사과 [sa-gwa] = apple

사과 있어요 [sa-gwa iss-eo-yo] = I have an apple.사과 없어요 [sa-gwa eobs-eo-yo] = There is no apple.

2) 오렌지 [o-ren-ji] = orange오렌지 있어요 [o-ren-ji iss-eo-yo] = There is an orange.오렌지 없어요 [o-ren-ji eobs-eo-yo] = I have no orange.

If you want to ask someone has something or not or something exist / not exist, you simply raising the tone at the end of sentence.- ... 있어요? [... iss-eo-yo?] = Do you have ... ? / There is ... ?- ... 없어요? [... eobs-eo-yo?] = Don't you have ... ? / There isn't ... ?

Example:1) 사과 [sa-gwa] = apple

-사과 있어요? [sa-gwa iss-eo-yo?] = There's an apple?-사과 없어요? [sa-gwa eobs-eo-yo?] = Don't you have apple?

2) 시간 [si-gan] = time-시간 있어요? [si-gan iss-eo-yo?] = Do you have some time?-시간 없어요? [si-gan eobs-eo-yo?] = You don't have time?

3) 커피 [keo-pi] = coffee-커피 있어요? [keo-pi iss-eo-yo?] = Do you have coffee?-커피 없어요? [keo-pi eobs-eo-yo?] = Don't you have coffee?

주세요 [ju-se-yo] = please give me.주세요 comes from the verb 주다 [ju-da] which means "to give" so literally 주세요 only means "please give" in the polite/formal language regardless of to whom or by whom.

Example:1) A: 사과 있어요? = Do you have apples?

B: 네. 사과 있어요. = Yes, we have apples.

A: 사과 주세요. = Give me (an/some) apple(s) please.

2) G: 커피 있어요? = Do you have coffee?H: 아니요. 커피 없어요. = No, we have no coffee.G: 우유 있어요? = Do you have milk?H: 네. 우유 있어요. = Yes, we have milk.G: 우유 주세요. = Give me some milk please.

** If you notice, sometime I write "Apple/Orange/Friend" and some other time I write "Apples/Oranges/Friends". There's no strict distinction between plural and singular in Korean nouns.**

주세요 can be used in many different situations: when you ask someone to hand something over to you, when you are ordering something in a restaurant, when you are asking for an item in a shop, or when to attached to a verb to ask someone to do something for you.

Example:1) 아이스크림 주세요 [a-i-seu-keu-rim ju-se-yo] = Please give me some ice cream

2) 햄버거 주세요 [haem-beo-geo ju-se-yo] = Please give me a hamburger

3) 김치 주세요 [kim-chi ju-se-yo] = Please give me some kimchi

4) 불고기 주세요 [bul-go-gi ju-se-yo] = Please give me some bulgogi

5) 밥 주세요 [bab ju-se-yo] = Please give me rice / Please give me food

6) 소주 주세요 [so-ju ju-se-yo] = Please give me soju

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 12 - How to say "It's delicious!" and thank for a meal]

맛 [mat] = taste.

Do you remember how to say "there is" or "I have"? YES! It is "있어요" [isseoyo]! By putting 맛 and -있어요 together, you get the expression 맛있어요 [ma-si-sseo-yo] which means "It's delicious".맛있어요 [ma-si-sseo-yo] = It's delicious / It is tasty.

Example:1) 이거 맛있어요! [i-geo ma-si-sseo-yo!] = This is delicious!2) 저 케익 맛있어요! [jeo ke-ik ma-si-sseo-yo!] = That cake (over there) is delicious!3) 삼겹살 맛있어요 [sam-gyeop-sal ma-si-sseo-yo] = Samgyeopsal

(Korean BBQ) is delicious.4) 뭐가 맛있어요? [mwo-ga ma-si-sseo-yo?] = What's delicious?

And do you remember how to say "there isn't" or "I have no"? YES! It's 없어요 [eob-seo-yo]. So by putting 맛 and 없어요, you get the expression 맛없어요 [ma-deop-seo-yo] which means "It's not delicious."

맛없어요 [ma-deop-seo-yo] = It's not tasty / It's not delicious / It taste awful.

Example:1) 이거 맛없어요? [i-geo ma-deop-seo-yo?] = It's not delicious?2) 이 차 맛없어요 [i cha ma-deop-seo-yo] = This tea tastes awful.

Note that the last pronouncation of the last letter in 맛, which is ㅅ, changes according to the word that follows it. When it is NOT followed by any words, it pronounced as [t], ending the word there. When it's followed by 있어요, it becomes [s] sound, making 맛있어요 pronounced as [ma-Si-sseo-yo]. When it's followed by 없어요, it becomes a [d] sound, making 맛없어요 pronounced as [ma-Deop-seo-yo].

It's time to learn a phrase that you can say to thank for a meal before and after you eat. This is very important especially when someone is treating you or you are invited to someone's house.

잘 먹겠습니다 [jal meok-gett-seum-ni-da] literally means "I'm going to eat well" or "I will eat well". And this expression is used very frequently among Koreans when they are about to start eating a meal, usually regardless who's paying for the meal. But in case someone in particular is paying for the meal for the other(s), the others will say 잘 먹겠습니다 to the person who is buying. When you eat with your friends to whom you don't use polite/formal language, and when you want to joke that your friend should buy you food, you can also say 잘 먹을께! [jal meo-geul-kke!] which implies that you're thanking them because they're going to treat you.

잘 먹었습니다 [jal meo-geoss-seum-ni-da] literally means "I have eaten well" but it really means "Thank you for the food". Once you have finished a meal and want to thank someone for the meal, or just thank for the meal in general, you can use this expression.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 13 - -고 싶어요[-go ship-eo-yo] = want to ...]

In English, we add the expression "want to" before the verb, but in Korean we need to change the end of the verb.

-고 싶어요 [-go ship-eo-yo] = I want to...

Here are some frequently used Korean verbs:1) 가다 [ga-da] = to go2) 보다 [bo-da] = to see3) 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat

And changing these verbs into the -고 싶어요 form is very simple. Just drop the 다 [da] (the last letter in all Korean verbs) and add -고 싶어요.1) to go = 가다 [ga-da] >> 가 + -고 싶어요 = 가고 싶어요. [ga-go ship-eo-yo] (I want to go.)2) to see = 보다 [bo-da] >> 보 + -고 싶어요 = 보고 싶어요. [bi-go ship-

eo-yo] (I want to see.)3) to eat = 먹다 [meok-da] >> 먹 + -고 싶어요 = 먹고 싶어요. [meok-go

ship-eo-yo] (I want to eat.)

Example:A: 뭐 먹고 싶어요? [mwo meok-go ship-eo-yo?] (What do you want to eat?)B: 햄버거 먹고 싶어요 [haem-beo-geo meok-go ship-eo-yo] (I want to eat a hamburger)

Here's a useful word to know: 더 [deo] (more). Now you can add this word to say 더 먹고 싶어요 [deo meokgo shipeoyo] "I want to eat more". ^^

#vocab [AIRPORT]:

공항 [gong-hang] (airport)국제선 [guk-je-seon] (international airlines)국내선 [guk-nae-seon] (domestic airlines)비행기 [bi-haeng-gi] (airplane)스튜어디스 [seu-tyu-eo-di-seu] (stewardess)여권 [yeo-gwon] (passport)비자 [bi-ja] (visa)항공권 [hang-gong-gwon] (plane ticket)목적지 [mok-jeok-ji] (destination)수속하다 [su-sok-ha-da] (to take proceedings)탑승하다 [tap-seung-ha-da] (to board)출발하다 [chul-bal-ha-da] (to depart)도착하다 [doc-hak-ha-da] (to arrive)연착하다 [yeon-chak-ha-da] (to be delayed)체류하다 [che-ryu-ha-da] (to stay (sojourn))입국심사 [ip-guk-sim-sa] (immigration procedures)신고하다 [shin-go-ha-da] (to declare / report)

Example:

A: 목적지가 어디입니까? [Mok-jeok-ji-ga eo-di-im-ni-kka?] (What is your destination?)B: 한국의 서울입니다. [Han-guk-ui seo-ul-im-ni-da.] (It's Seoul, Korea.)A: 출발 시간은 언제입니까?[Chul-bal si-gan-euneon-je-im-ni-kka?] (What time do you leave?)B: 오후 3 시입니다. [O-hu se-si-im-ni-da.] (At 3 pm.)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 15 - Practice using the structure "I want to" in context through more sample conversation]

First, let's look at these verbs:1) 하다 [ha-da] to do2) 보다 [bo-da] to see3) 먹다 [meok-da] to eat4) 사다 [sa-da] to buy5) 마시다 [ma-si-da] to drink

I want to + English verb = Korean verb (drop the 다 [da]) + -고 싶어요.

1) 하다 + -고 싶어요 = 하고 싶어요 (I want to do)2) 보다 + -고 싶어요 = 보고 싶어요 (I want to see)3) 먹다 + -고 싶어요 = 먹고 싶어요 (I want to eat)4) 사다 + -고 싶아요 = 사고 싶어요 (I want to buy)5) 마시다 + -고 싶어요 = 마시고 싶어요 (I want to drink)

Do you remember how to say "What?" Yes. It is 뭐 [mwo] = What.

Sample (1):

A: 뭐 하고 싶어요? [mwo hago shipeoyo?] What do you want to do?B: 텔레비전 보고 싶어요. [tellebijeon bogo shipeoyo.] I want to watch TV.A: 텔레비전 보고 싶어요? [tellebijeon bogo shipeoyo?] Do you want to watch TV?B: 네. [ne.] Yes.A: 뭐 보고 싶어요? [mwo bogo shipeoyo?] What do you want to watch?B: 뉴스 보고 싶어요. [nyuseu bogo shipeoyo.] I want to watch the News.

Sample (2):

K: 이거 사고 싶어요. [igeo sago shipeoyo.] I want to buy this.L: 이거요? [igeoyo?] This one?K: 네. 이거 먹고 싶어요. [ne. Igeo meokgo shipeoyo.] Yes. I want to eat this.L: 이거 뭐예요? [igeo mwoyeyo?] What is this?K: 이거 김밥이에요. [igeo kimbabieyo.] This is kimbab.L: 이거 저도 먹고싶어요. [igeo jeodo meokgo shipeoyo.] I also want to eat this.

Some more useful verbs:

1) 읽다 [ilgda] to read2) 자다 [jada] to sleep3) 놀다 [nolda] to hang out / to play4) 쉬다 [swida] to rest5) 일하다 [ilhada] to work"I want to..."1) 읽고 싶어요 [ilggo shipeoyo] I want to read.2) 자고 싶어요 [jago shipeoyo] I want to sleep.3) 놀고 싶어요 [nalgo shipeoyo] I want to hang out.4) 쉬고 싶어요 [swigo shipeoyo] I want to rest.5) 일하고 싶어요 [ilhago shipeoyo] I want to work.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 16 - How to conjugate Korean verbs & Present Tense]

When you look up verbs in a Korean vocabulary, they're in this form:- 가다 [ga-da] to go- 먹다 [meok-da] to eat- 자다 [ja-da] to sleep- 때리다 [ttae-ri-da] to hit- 웃다 [ut-da] to laugh

And when you change the form of these verbs to express the present tense, the future tense, the past tense, etc. First thing you need to do is drop the last letter, 다 [da] and then you have the verb stem.

Verb stems of the verbs above:- 가 [ga]- 먹 [meok]- 자 [ja]- 때리 [ttaeri]- 웃 [ut]

And to these, you add the appropriate endings to make them complete. In this lesson we're going to learn how to change these dictionary forms of the verbs into the PRESENT TENSE.

--THE PRESENT TENSE--

In order to conjugate a verb into present tense, you take verb stem and add one of these endings:아요 [a-yo]어요 [eo-yo]여요 [yeo-yo]

If the verb stem's last vowel is ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o], it's followed by 아요.If the verb stem's last vowel is NOT ㅏ [a] or ㅗ [o], it's followed by 어요.And only one verb stem, which is 하 [ha], is followed by 여요.

Example:1) 가다 [ga-da] = to go.

The verb stem is 가 and its last vowel is ㅏ so you add 아요. So it first become 가 + 아요, and then more naturally, it becomes 가요 [ga-yo] for the ease of pronouncation.- 가요 [ga-yo] = I go. You ho. She goes. He goes. They go. (Present Tense)

2) 먹다 [meok-da] = to eat.The verb stem is 먹 and its level vowel is ㅓ[eo]. It's NOT ㅏ or ㅗ so you add 어요. It becomes 먹어요 [meo-geo-yo].- 먹어요 = I eat. You eat. She eats. They eat. (Present Tense)Note: There's a liaision in the pronouncation at 먹 + 어 which sounds like 머거 [meo-geo].

3) 보다 [bo-da] = to see, to watch, to look.Verb stem = 보.Followed by = 아요.It becomes 보 + 아요 >> Over time, it started being pronounced and written as 봐요 [bwa-yo].- 봐요 = I see. I look. You watch. They see., etc. (Present Tense)

4) 보니다 [bo-i-da] = to be seen, to be visible.Verb stem = 보이[bo-i].Followed by = 어요 [eo-yo].It becomes 보이 + 어요 = 보여요 [bo-yeo-yo].- 보여요 = It's visible. I see it. (Present Tense)

5) 하다 [ha-da] = to do.Verb stem = 하 [ha].Followed by = 여요 [yeo-yo].It becomes 하 + 여요 > 하여요 [ha-yeo-yo]. Over time it became 해요 [haeyo]- 해요 = I do. You do. She does. He does. They do. (Present Tense)

Please just remember that this verb, 하다 is very versatile. You can add a noun in front of it & you can form new verbs. We'll learn it later. For now, just remember that 하다 become 해요 in the present tense and it means I do / You do / He does / They do. ^^

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 17 - Past Tense]

If you understand how to change verbs into the present tense (Level 1 Lesson 16), understanding them into the past tense is just as easy. A similar rules is applied to make past tense sentences, and the endings are:- 았어요 [a-sseo-yo]- 었어요 [eo-sseo-yo]- 였어요 [yeo-sseo-yo]

Verb stems ending with vowels ㅏ [a] or ㅗ [o] are followed by 았어요.Verb stems ending with vowels OTHER THAN ㅏ or ㅗ are followed by 었어요.And ONLY verb stem 하 is followed by 였여요.

Example:

1) 사다 [sa-da] = to buyVerb stem: 사Followed by: 았어요Past tense: 사 + 았어요 = 샀어요 [sa-sseo-yo]샀어요 = I bought / You bought / They bought / She bought / We bought.

2) 오다 [o-da] = to comeVerb stem: 오Followed by: 았어요Past tense: 오 + 았어요 = 왔어요 [wa-sseo-yo]왔어요 = I came / You came / She came / We came / They came

3) 적다 [jeok-da] = to write downVerb stem: 적Followed by: 었어요Past tense: 적 + 었어요 = 적었어요 [jeo-keo-sseo-yo]적었어요 = I wrote / He wrote / They wrote / You wrote

4) 하다 [ha-da] = to doVerb stem: 하Followed by: 였어요Past tense: 하 + 였어요 = 했어요 [hae-sseo-yo]했어요 = I did / You did / They did / She did / We did

Let's see more sample verbs in the present and past tense!1) 먹다 [meok-da] to eat

Verb stem: 먹Present tense: 먹어요 [meo-keo-yo]Past tense: 먹었어요 [meo-keo-sseo-yo]

2) 잡다 [jab-da] to catchVerb stem: 잡Present tense: 잡아요 [ja-ba-yo]Past tense: 잡았어요 [ja-ba-sseo-yo]

3) 팔다 [pal-da] to sellVerb stem: 팔Present tense: 팔아요 [pa-ra-yo]Past tense: 팔았어요 [pa-ra-sseo-yo]

4) 놀다 [nol-da] to play / to hang outVerb stem: 놀Present tense: 놀아요 [no-ra-yo]Past tense: 놀았어요 [no-ra-sseo-yo]

5) 쓰다 [sseu-da] to wrote / to useVerb stem: 쓰Present tense: 써요 [sseo-yo] (NOT 쓰어요)Past tense: 썼어요 [sseo-sseo-yo]

6) 기다리다 [gi-da-ri-da] to waitVerb stem: 기다리Present tense: 기다려요 [gi-da-ryeo-yo] (NOT 기다리어요)Past tense: 기다렸어요 [gi-da-ryeo-sseo-yo]

7) 이상하다 [i-sang-ha-da] to be strangeVerb stem: 이상하Present tense: 이상해요 [i-sang-hae-yo]Past tense: 이상했어요 [i-sang-hae-sseo-yo]

8) 멋있다 [meo-sit-da] to be cool / awesomeVerb stem: 멋있Present tense: 멋있어요 [meo-si-sseo-yo]Past tense: 멋있었어요 [meo-si-sseo-sseo-yo]

9) 사랑하다 [sa-rang-ha-da] to be love

Verb stem: 사랑하Present tense: 사랑해요 [sa-rang-hae-yo]Past tense: 사랑했어요 [sa-rang-hae-sseo-yo]

[CONVERSATION 1 - 이것은 뭐예요?]

A: 이것은 뭐예요?B: 책상이에요.A: 저것은 뭐예요?B: 저것은 의자예요.

A: Igeoseun mwoyeyo?B: Chaeksangieyo.A: Jeogeoseun mwoyeyo?B: Jeogeoseun uijayeyo.

A: What is this?B: It's a desk.A: What is that?B: That is a chair.

NOTE: The final consonant of a syllable is pronounced as the initial sound of the following syllable when it begins with the consonant "ㅇ" (i.e., when it begins with a vowe sound)Ex: 저것은 [jeo-geot-eun] pronounced as 저거슨 [jeo-geo-seun]

[VOCAB]- 책상 [chaeksang] (desk)- 의자 [uija] (chair)

[CONVERSATION 2 - 이것은 시계입니까?]

A: 이것은 시계입니까?B: 네, 시계입니다.A: 이것은 구두입니까?B: 아니요, 구두가 아닙니다. 그것은 운동화입니까.

A: Igeoseun sigyeimnikka?B: Ne, sigyeimnida.A: Igeoseun guduimnikka?B: Aniyo, guduga animnida. Geugeoseun undonghwaimnida.

A: Is this a watch?B: Yes, It's a watch.A: Are these dress shoes?B: No, those are not dress shoes. Those are sneakers (sport shoes).

NOTE:1. Don't be confused. 입니까 and 입니다 are same with 이에요 and 예요. 입니까 / 입니다 is more polite and formal than 이에요 / 예요. For daily conversation with close friends, we can use 이에요 / 예요. We will learn about polite and formal sentences later.2. 입니까 is used in questions while 입니다 is used in statements.3. "ㅂ" is pronounced as "ㅁ" when it comes before nasal sound (i.e a consonant produced by an air stream that flows out through the nose), such as the consonants ㄴ,ㅁ, or ㄹ.Ex: 입니다 [ib-ni-da] pronounced as 임나다[im-ni-da].

[VOCAB]- 시계 [sigye] (watch)- 구두 [gudu] (dress shoes)- 운동화 [undonghwa] (sneakers or sport shoes)

[CONVERSATION 3 - 안녕하십니까?]

김영숙 : 안녕하십니까? 제 이름은 김영숙입니다.

윌슨 : 네, 반갑습니다, 영숙 씨. 저는 윌슨입니다. 저는 영국 사람입니다. 저는 한국어를

공부합니다.

김영숙 : 어? 친구 있습니다. 한국어도 공부합니다.

윌슨 : 이름이 무엇입 니까?

김영숙 : 이름이 피터입니다. 미국 사람이 니다.

Kim Youngsuk : Annyeonghasimnikka? Je ireumeun Kim Youngsukimnida.Wilson : Ne, bangabseumnida, Youngsuk-ssi. Jeoneun

Wilsonimnida. Jeoneun youngguk saramimnida. Jeoneun hangukeoreul kongbuhamnida.

Kim Youngsuk : Eo? Chingu isseumnida. Hangukeodo kongbuhamnida.Wilson : Ireumi mueosimnikka?Kim Youngsuk : Ireumi Peterimnida. Miguk saramimnida.

Kim Youngsuk : Hello. My name is Kim Youngsuk.Wilson : Yes, nice to meet you Youngsuk. I am Wilson. I am

English. I study Korean.Kim Youngsuk : Oh? I have a friend. He also study Korean.Wilson : What is his name?Kim Youngsuk : His name is Peter. He is American.

NOTE:

1. -씨 is a term of address that can be added at the end of someone's name. It can be used with the first name or full name, regardless of sex.

It is rather impolite to use -씨 with the last name only.

Ex: 영숙 씨2. 사람 is added after the country's name to indicate one's

nationality, and 어 is added after the country's name to indicate that country's language.Ex: 한국: 한국 사람 = Korean (person),

한국어 = Korean (language). 영국: 영국 사람 = English (person), 영어 = English (language).

[VOCAB]

- 제 [je] (my)

- 이름 [ireum] (name)

- 반갑다 [bangabda] (to be glad)

- 저 [jeo] (I)

- 영국 [yeongguk] (England)

- 미국 [miguk] (USA)

- 사람 [saram] (person)

- 공부하다 [kongbuhada] (to study)

- 한국어 [hangukeo] (Korean language)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 18 - How to say WHERE & Location marking particles]

어디 [eodi] = where, which place.

Let's look at how to ask someone "where do you want to go?" in Korean.가다 [gada] = to go.고 싶어요 [goshipeoyo] = to want to가 + 고싶어요 = 가고 싶어요 [gago shipeoyo] (I want to go)

- 가고 싶어요 = I want to go- 가고 싶어요? = Do you want to go?And now just add the word 어디 [eodi] in front of the verb.It becomes >> 어디 가고 싶어요? [eodi gago shipeoyo?] = Where do you want to go?

Why use location marking particles? Whereas it is POSSIBLE to make sentences without location marking particles (as in example above), by the using the right location marking particles, you can make the message very clear. There are many location marking particles in Korean, but let us look at the two most basic particles, 에 [e] and 에서 [eseo].

== 에 [e]==에 [e] = at,toNoun + 에 [e].

에 is a location marking particle, but it is not only used to mark locations. It means "at", "to", and etc. And it can be used to mark a location, a time, a situation, and many other things, but here at us just focus on its role of marking location. Let us look at how it is used inside Korean sentences, by looking at some sample sentences.

Sample 1:가다 [gada] = to go >> 갔어요 [gasseoyo] I went학교 [hakgyo] = school에 [e] = to>> 학교에 갔어요 [hakgyoe gasseoyo] = I went to school

Sample 2:오다 [oda] = to come >> 왔어요 [wasseoyo] I came한국 [hanguk] = Korea

에 [e] = to>> 한국에 왔어요 [hanguke wasseoyo] = I came to KoreaSample 3:가다 [gada] = to go >> 가고 싶어요? [gago shipeoyo?] Do you want to go?어디 [eodi] = where에 [e] = to>> 어디에 가고 싶어요? [eodie gago shipeoyo?] = Where do you want to go?

Sample 4:있다 [itda] >> 있어요 [isseoyo] are you어디 [eodi] = where에 [e] = at>> 어디에 있어요? [eodie isseoyo?] = where are you?

지금 [jigeum] = now>> 지금 어디에 있어요? [jigeum eodie isseoyo] = Where are you now?

== 에서 [eseo] ==에서 [eseo] = at, in, from.Noun + 에서 [eseo]

에서 can express many things, but here let's look at its two main roles. 에서 expresses:1. A location where an action is taking place. (ex: I studied in the library. I met my friends in Seoul)2. A meaning of "from" a place. (ex: I came from Seoul. This package came from Spain.)

The difference between 에 [e] and 에서 [eseo]: both 에 and 에서 can be translated to "at" in English.

The difference is 에 expresses where something "is" or "exist" or a direction that you are going toward.Ex:집에 있어요 [jibe isseoyo] = I'm at home.집에 가요 [jibe gayo] = I'm going home.

And 에서 express a location where some action ia taking place.Ex:집에서 일해요 [jibeseo ilhaeyo] = I work at home.

학교에 공부해요 [hakgyoeseo kongbuhaeyo] = I study at school.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 19 - 언제 [eonje] = when]

언제 [eonje] = when.

Unlike 어디 [eodi], to which you have to add location marking particles to specify, 언제 can be used on its own.

Now let us try using the word 언제 in context.

Example 1: "When did you do (it)?"

When = 언제 [eon-je]You did (it) = 하다 [ha-da] + 였어요 [yeo-sseo-yo] = 했어요 [hae-sseo-yo]Did you do (it)? = 했어요? [hae-sseo-yo?]When did you do (it)? = 언제 했어요? [eon-je hae-sseo-yo?]

Example 2: "When did you arrive?"

When = 언제 [eon-je]To arrive = 도착하다 [do-cha-kha-da]You arrived = 도착했어요 [do-cha-kae-sseo-yo]Did you arrive? = 도착했어요? [do-cha-khae-sseo-yo?]When did you arrive? = 언제 도착했어요? [eon-je do-cha-khae-sseo-yo?]

Example 3: "When did you come?"

When = 언제 [eon-je]To come = 오다 [o-da]You came = 왔어요 [wa-sseo-yo]Did you come? = 왔어요? [wa-sseo-yo?]When did you come? = 언제 왔어요? [eon-je wa-sseo-yo?]

Example 4: "When do you get up?"

When = 언제 [eon-je]To get up = 이러나다 [i-reo-na-da]You get up = 이러나요 [i-reo-na-yo]

Do you get up? = 이러나요? [i-reo-na-yo?]When do you get up? = 언제 일어나요? [eon-je i-reo-na-yo?]

Example 5: "When are you going to go to Seoul?"

When = 언제 [eon-je]To go = 가다 [ga-da]You are going to go = 갈 거예요 [gal keo-ye-yo]Are you going to go? = 갈 거예요? [gal keo-ye-yo?]To Seoul = 서울에 [Seo-ul-e]When are you going to go to Seoul? = 서울에 언제 갈 거예요? [Seo-ul-e eon-je gal keo-ye-yo?]

If you notice, there is future tense in example number 5. Don't worry, we will learn about it later in the next Level. ^^

Some more useful nouns to know:

- 오늘 [o-neul] today- 어제 [eo-je] yesterday- 내일 [nae-il] tomorrow- 지금 [ji-geum] now- 아까 [a-kka] earlier (today), a while ago (today)- 나중에 [na-jung-e] later

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 20 - Sino-Korean Numbers and Native Korean Numbers]

-----Sino-Korean numbers-----

We will use the term "sino-Korean" when a Korean word is based on Chinese language. Since Korea has received a lot of influence from China, many words in the Korean language have their roots in the Chinese language. So, over the course of time, Korean people start using both sino-Korean number system and the native Korean number system. The situations and the contexts in which each system used are different.

Sino-Korean numbers:일 [il] = 1이 [i] = 2삼 [sam] = 3사 [sa] = 4오 [o] = 5룍 [ryuk] / 육 [yuk] = 6칠 [chil] = 7팔 [pal] = 8구 [gu] = 9십 [ship] = 10

And the rest is easy. In Korean, if you want to say 11, you just say TEN + ONE. If you want to say 33, you say THREE + TEN + THREE. And if you want to say 99, you say NINE + TEN + NINE.So, 십일 [shi-bil] = 11; 삼십삼 [sam-ship-sam] = 33; and 구십구 [gu-ship-gu] = 99.

백 [baek] = 100천 [cheon] = 1,000만 [man] = 10,000

Example:1. 701 = 7 [칠] + 100 [백] + 1 [일] = 칠백일 [chil-bae-kil]2. 818 = 8 [팔] + 100 [백] + 10 [십] + 8 [팔] = 팔백십팔 [pal-baek-ship-pal]3. 1983 = 1000 [천] + 9 [구] + 100 [백] + 8 [팔] + 10 [십] + 3 [삼] = 천구백팔십삼 [cheon-gu-baek-pal-ship-sam]4. 1988 = 1000 [천] + 9 [구] + 100 [백] + 8 [팔] + 10 [십] + 8 [팔] = 천구백팔십팔 [cheon-gu-baek-pal-ship-pal]

5. 50000 = 5 [오] + 10000 [만] = 오만 [o-man]

NOTE: For 10000, 1000 and 100 you don't have to say 1 [일] + 10000[만]; 1 [일] + 1000 [천]; or 1 [일] + 100 [백].

-----Native Korean numbers-----

There are cases where sino-Korean numbers are used, native Korean numbers are used, and sino-Korean numbers and native Korean number are used together.

For example:1) When you tell the time, you have to use native Korean numbers to say the hour and sino-Korean numbers to say the minute.2) When you say your age in everyday conversations, you use native Korean numbers, but in some very formal settings like in the court of law or in a formal report, sino-Korean numbers are used to express your age.3) When you are counting years,you can use either sino-Korean number or native Korean numbers, but the words you use for counting years change depending on whether you use sino-Korean numbers or native Korean numbers.

So, how do you determine which numbers system to use in which situation? You don't have to try to, and you can't really generalize the usages of the two different number systems. It's best to just to learn to use the different number system along with the fitting context. Now let us go over the native Korean numbers and practice how to say how old we are.

Native Korean numbers:하나 [ha-na] = 1둘 [dul] = 2셋 [set] = 3넷 [net] = 4다섯 [da-seot] = 5여섯 [yeo-seot] = 6일곱 [il-gop] = 7여덟 [yeo-deol] = 8아홉 [a-hop] = 9열 [yeol] = 10

For 11 to 19 is simple. You just put the number 10 and add another number after it.

Example:1. 13 = 10 [열] + 3 [셋] = 열셋 [yeol-set]2. 15 = [열] + 5 [다섯] = 열다섯 [yeol-da-seot]

20 = 스물 [seu-mul]30 = 서른 [seo-reun]40 = 마흔 [ma-heun]50 = 쉰 [swin]60 = 예순 [ye-sun]70 = 일흔 [i-reun]80 = 여든 [yeo-deun]90 = 아흔 [a-heun]

The same rule as above for 11 through 19 applies to 21-29, 31-39 41-49, etc.

For numbers 1 through 99, the usage of native Korean numbers is generally very distinctively different from the usage of sino-Korean numbers. But for bigger units like 100, 1,000, 10,000 and etc. the words for these bigger numbers in the native Korean number are no longer used and only sino-Korean numbers are used.So, 100 in the sino-Korean number is 백 [baek], even when you need to use native Korean number, you use the same word. And when you want to say 101, 102, etc you need to combine the system together.

Example:1. 101 = 100 [백] (sino-Korean number) + 1 [하나] (native Korean number) = 백하나 [baek-ha-na]2. 205 = 2 [이] + 100 [백] (sino-Korean number) + 5 [다섯] (native Korean number) = 이백다섯 [i-baek-da-seot]

Let's have a look at how to talk about the age. There're 2 ways of saying the age,but here look at the more ordinary & everyday fashion. You say a native Korean number and add 살 [sal] (age counter in Korean) after it. But the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 20 change form before a noun.1 하나 [ha-na] >> 한 [han] 살2 둘 [dul] >> 두 [du] 살3 셋 [set] >> 세 [se] 살4 넷 [net] >> 네 [ne] 살

...20 스물 [seu-mul] >> 스무 [seu-mu] 살21 스물하나 [seu-mul-ha-na] >> 스물한 [seu-mul-han] 살...

To say "I'm ... years old." you just have to add -이에요 [i-e-yo] after your age.

Example:스물네 살이에요 [seu-mul-ne sal-i-e-yo] = I'm 24 years old.

[KOREAN ALPHABET - 한글]

Hangeul is not as difficult as a lot of people tend to think. Hangrul is a system where you can combine different letters into square shapes to form syllables. Basically, one syallablic block in Korean has to have at least one consonant and one vowel.

There are 14 main consonants (자음 [ja-eum]) and 10 main vowels (모음 [mo-eum]).

Main consonants: ㄱ [g/k]ㄴ [n]ㄷ [d/t]ㄹ [r/l]ㅁ [m]ㅂ [b/p]ㅅ [s]ㅇ [ng]ㅈ [j]ㅊ [ch]ㅋ [kh]ㅌ [th]ㅍ [ph]ㅎ[h]

Double consonants:ㄲ [gg/kk]ㄸ [dd/tt]ㅃ [bb/pp]ㅆ [ss]ㅉ [jj]

Main vowels:ㅏ [a]ㅑ [ya]ㅓ [eo]ㅕ [yeo]ㅗ [o]ㅛ [yo]ㅜ [u]

ㅠ [yu]ㅡ [eu]ㅣ [i]

Combine vowels:ㅐ = ㅏ + ㅣ = [ae]ㅒ = ㅑ + ㅣ = [ye]ㅔ = ㅓ + ㅣ = [e]ㅖ = ㅕ + ㅣ = [ye]ㅘ = ㅗ + ㅏ = [wa]ㅚ = ㅗ + ㅣ = [oe]ㅟ = ㅜ + ㅣ = [wi]ㅝ = ㅜ + ㅓ = [wo]ㅞ = ㅜ + ㅔ = [we]ㅙ = ㅗ + ㅐ = [wae]ㅢ = ㅡ + ㅣ = [ui]

How to write them? It's easy. You just have to combine at least 1 consonant and 1 vowel together. And it's able to be pronounced.

Example (consonant + vowel):1) ㄱ + ㅏ = 가 [ga]2) ㄷ + ㅓ = 더 [deo]3) ㅁ + ㅜ = 무 [mu]4) ㅅ + ㅣ = 시 [si]5) ㅈ + ㅗ = 조 [jo]6) ㄴ + ㅕ = 녀 [nyeo]7) ㄹ + ㅠ = 류 [ryu]8) ㅎ + ㅏ = 하 [ha]9) ㅃ + ㅗ = 뽀 [ppo)10) ㄱ + ㅡ = 그 [geu]

Example (consonant + vowel + consonant):1) ㄱ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 간 [gan]2) ㅊ + ㅓ + ㄴ = 천 [cheon]3) ㅅ + ㅣ + ㅁ = 심 [sim]4) ㅂ + ㅕ + ㄹ = 별 [byeol]5) ㄹ + ㅓ + ㅎ = 렇 [reoh]

Example (consonant + vowel + consonant + consonant):1) ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄴ + ㅎ = 많 [manh]2) ㅇ + ㅣ + ㄹ + ㄱ = 읽 [ilg]

3) ㄷ + ㅏ + ㄹ + ㄱ = 닭 [dalk]

If you notice in last example (consonant + vowel + consonant + consonant) number 2 (읽), there is ㅇ but it becomes [ilg]. Why? Because ㅇ has no sound value when it is used at the beginning of a syllable and is used to fill the empty gap when you just want to express the sound of a vowel.

Example (ㅇ + vowel):1) ㅇ + ㅏ = 아 [a]2) ㅇ + ㅗ = 오 [o]3) ㅇ + ㅜ = 우 [u]4) ㅇ + ㅣ = 이 [i]5) ㅇ + ㅛ = 요 [yo]6) ㅇ + ㅠ = 유 [yu]7) ㅇ + ㅙ = 왜 [wae]8) ㅇ + ㅟ = 위 [wi]9) ㅇ + ㅚ = 외 [oe]10) ㅇ + ㅢ = 의 [ui]

But if ㅇ is not placed at the beginning, it's pronounced as [ng].

Example (consonant + vowel + ㅇ):1) ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅇ = 방 [bang]2) ㄱ + ㅗ + ㅇ = 공 [gong]3) ㅁ + ㅓ + ㅇ = 멍 [meong]4) ㅅ + ㅣ + ㅇ = 싱 [sing]5) ㅍ + ㅜ + ㅇ = 풍 [pung]

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 21 - Negative sentences]

There are mainly two ways to make negative sentences.1. Adding 안 [an] before a verb.2. Using the negative verb ending, 지 않다 [ji an-ta].

Method #1 is more simple and more colloquial, and method #2 is relatively formal but not necessarily only for formal situations.If you want to use method #1, and add 안 [an] before a verb, it's easier than method #2 because you don't have to worry about the different tenses of your sentences. The word 안 [an] doesn't change the tense.

Example:1. 가다 [ga-da] = to go- 집에 가요. [ji-be ga-yo] = I'm going home / I go home.- 집에 안가요. [ji-be an-ga-yo] = I'm not going home / I don't go home.- 집에 안가요? [ji-be an-ga-yo?] = You're not going home? / You don't go home?

2. 버리다 [beo-ri-da] = to throw away.- 그거 버렸어요. [geu-geo beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] = I threw it away.- 그거 안버렸어요. [geu-geo an-beo-ryeo-sseo-yo.] = I DIDN'T throw it away.- 그거 아직 안버렸어요. [geu-geo a-jik an-beo-ryeo-sseo-yo] = I DIDN'T throw it away yet.

Now let's see example using method #2 (adding 지 않다 [ji an-ta])지 않다 [ji an-ta] is the basic form and you need to conjugate it according to the tense, too.Present tense: 지 않아요 [ji anayo]Past tense: 지 않았어요 [ji anasseoyo].You can apply the same verb conjugating rules as for the other verbs.

Example:1. 가다 [ga-da] = to go.- 가지 않다 [ga-ji an-ta] = to not go.- 가지 않아요 [ga-ji a-na-yo] = I DON'T go / I'm NOT going.- 가지 않았어요 [ga-ji a-na-sseo-yo] = I DIDN'T go.

2. 버리다 [beo-ri-da] = to throw away

- 버리지 않다 [beo-ri-ji an-ta] = to not throw away.- 버리지 않아요 [beo-ri-ji a-na-yo] = I DON'T throw it away.- 버리지 않았어요 [beo-ri-ji a-na-sseo-yo] = I DIDN'T throw it away.Let's see very short sample dialogs!

Dialogue 1:A: 아파요? [a-pa-yo?] (Does it hurt?)B: 안 아파요. [an a-pa-yo.] (It doesn't hurt)A: 안 아파요? 진짜 안 아파요? [an a-pa-yo? jin-jja an a-pa-yo?] (It doesn't hurt? It really doesn't hurt?)B: 아 아파요. [an a-pa-yo] (It doesn't hurt)

Dialogue 2:G: 안 먹어요? [an meo-keo-yo?] (You're not going to eat?)L: 안 먹어요! [an meo-keo-yo!] (I'm not eating!)G: 정말 안 먹어요? 맛있어요! [jeong-mal an meo-keo-yo? ma-si-sseo-yo!] (You're really not going to eat? It's delicious!)L: 안 먹어요. 배 안 고파요. [an meo-keo-yo. Bae an go-pa-yo.] (I'm not eating. I'm not hungry.)

Dialogue 3:T: 이거 매워요? [i-geo mae-wo-yo?] (Is this spicy?)D: 아니요. 안 매워요. [a-ni-yo. An mae-wo-yo] (No. It's not spicy.)T: 진짜 안 매워요? [jin-jja an mae-wo-yo?] (It's really not spicy?)D: 네. 안 매워요. [ne. An mae-wo-yo.] (Yes. It's not spicy.)

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 22 - Verb 하다 and Negative sentences with 하다]

We learned that verb 하다 [ha-da] has a very unique way of being conjugated.하다 [ha-da] = to doPresent tense = 하 + 여요 = 해요 [-]Past tense = 하 + 였어요 = 했어요 [hae-sseo-yo]

And the verb 하다 is a very powerful and useful word. That's because in Korean there are a lot of verbs made by combining a noun with 하다. Many of the Korean nouns that indicate or describe some action or behavior can be combine with 하다. And they become verbs.

Example:1) 공부 [kong-bu] =studying= >> 공부하다 [kong-bu-ha-da] = to study2) 일 [il] = work, job >> 일하다 [il-ha-da] = to work3) 기억 [gi-eok] = memory >> 기억하다 [gi-eok-ha-da] = to remember4) 청수 [cheong-su] = cleaning >> 청수하다 [cheong-su-ha-da] = to clean5) 요리 [yo-ri] = cooking >> 요리하다 [yo-ri-ha-da] = to cook6) 이사 [i-sa] = moving >> 이사하다 [i-sa-ha-da] = to move7) 노래 [no-rae] = song >> 노래하다 [no-rae-ha-da] = to sing8) 노력 [no-ryeok] = effort >> 노력하다 [no-ryeok-ha-da] = to make an effort9) 동의 [dong-ui] = agreement >> 동의하다 [dong-ui-ha-da] = to agree10) 인정 [in-jeong] = admitting >> 인정하다 [in-jeong-ha-da] = to admit11) 후회 [hu-hoe] = regret >> 후회하다 [hu-hoe-ha-da] = to regret12) 운동 [un-dong] = exercise >> 운동하다 [un-dong-ha-da] = to exercise13) 사랑 [sa-rang] = love >> 사랑하다 [sa-rang-ha-da] = to love14) 생각 [saeng-gak] = thought, idea >> 생각하다 [saeng-gak-ha-da] = to think15) 말 [mal] = words, language >> 말하다 [mal-ha-da] = to speak

Let's review about negative sentences with 하다 verbs. In order to make negative sentences using these 하다 verbs you need to

separate the noun part and the 하다 part again and add 안 [an] in between.

Example:1) 생각 안 하다 [saeng-gak an ha-da] = to not think2) 말 안 하다 [mal an ha-da] = to not speak3) 노래 안 하다 [no-rae an ha-da] = to not sing

And if you remember from level 1 lesson 16, there are two ways to make negative sentences in Korean: adding 안 before the verb and using the verb ending 지 않다. If you want to use 지 않다 with 하다 verbs, you simply conjugate 하다 [ha-da] to 하지 않다 [ha-ji an-ta].

Example:1) 지금 영어를 고부 안 해요. [ji-geum yeon-geo-reul kong-bu an hae-yo] = I'm not studying English now.2) 어제는 요리하지 않았어요. [o-je-neun yo-ri-ha-ji a-na-sseo-yo] = I didn't cook yesterday.

[RANDOM CONVERSATION]

[한국어]가: 안녕하세요.나: 네, 안녕하세요.가: 이거 차예요?나: 아니요. 이거 콜라예요.가: 아~ 차 아니에요. 우유 있어요?나: 우유 있어요.가: 우유 사고 싶어요.나: 잠시만요.가: 네, 고마워요.

[English]가: Hello.나: Yes, hello.가: Is this tea?나: No. This is cola.가: Ah~ It's not tea. Do you have milk?나: I have milk.가: I want to buy milk.나: Please wait just a second.가: OK, thank you.

[한국어]서인국: 우와~ 진짜 맛있어요. 잘 먹었어요!! 다음에 불고기를 많이 먹고 싶어요. 이찬희: 맞아요! 불고기를 많이 먹고 싶어요! 지금 뭐 할 거예요?서인국: 집에 가서 쉬고 싶어요. 너무 피곤해요~이찬희: 오케이! 안녕히 가세요!

[English]Seo In Guk: Oowaa~ It's really delicious. I've eat well!! I want to eat many bulgogi next time. Lee Chan Hee: Of course! Let's eat many bulgogi! What will you do now?Seo In Guk: I want to go home and then take a rest. It's very tired~Lee Chan Hee: OK! Be careful!

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 23 - 누구 [nugu] = who]

Do you remember the subject markers and the topic markers?

Subject markers: 이 [i] / 가 [ga]Topic markers: 은 [eun] / 는 [neun]

Subject markers emphasize the subject and shows "who" did something, or "what" is being described, and topic markers emphasize the topic of your sentence and shows "what" or "whom" you're talking about.

When you want to ask simple questions like "Who did it?", "Who helped her?" or "Who made it?", you're emphasizing the subject, which is the word "who" here, so you need to use the subject marker 이 [i] / 가 [ga].

누구 [nugu] ends in a vowel so it would have to be followed by 가 [ga], but 누구 [nugu] + 가 [ga] changes to 누가 [nuga] instead of 누구가 [nuguga].누구 [nu-gu] = who누구 [nu-gu] + 가 [ga] = 누구가 [nu-gu-ga] >> 누가 [nu-ga]

Remember that this is ONLY when you are emphasizing "who" as the subject of an action or state.

Compare these examples:

Example 1:When you want to ask "Who is it?" in Korean, you literally say "It is Who?" so it's becomes:누구 [nu-gu] (who) + 예요? [ye-yo?] (is?) = 누구예요? [nu-gu-ye-yo?]

Example 2:When you want to ask "(among these people, none other than) WHO is Jane?" you can say:누구 [nu-gu] (who) + 가 [ga] (subject marker) + 제인 [je-in] (Jane) + 이에요? [i-e-yo?] (is?) = 누가 제인이에요? [nu-ga je-in-i-e-yo?]

Example 3:When you want to ask "Who did it?":

누구 [nu-gu] (who) + 가 [ga] (subject marker) + 헀어요? [hae-sseo-yo?] (did?) = 누가 했어요? [nu-ga hae-sso-yo?]More sample sentences:1) 누가 전화했어요? [nu-ga jeon-hwa-hae-sseo-yo?] = Who called? 2) 이거 누구예요? [i-geo nu-gu-ye-yo?] = Who is this?3) 어제 누가 왔어요? [eo-je nu-gu wa-sseo-yo?] = Who came yesterday?4) 그거 누가 만들었어요? [geu-geo nu-ga man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?] = Who made that?5) 누가 샀어요? [nu-ga sa-sseo-yo?] = Who bought it?

Verbs:- 전화하다 [jeon-hwa-ha-da] = to call.- 오다 [oda] = to come.- 만들다 [man-deul-da] = to make.- 사다 [sa-da] = to buy.

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 24 - 의문사 = Interrogatives]

So far, through our previous lessons, we have learned how to say What, Where, When and Who.What = 뭐 [mwo]Where = 어디 [eo-di]When = 언제 [eon-je]Who = 누구 [nu-gu]

And now we are going to learn some more interrogatives = 의문사 [ui-mun-sa].How = 어떻게 [eo-tteo-ke]Why = 왜 [wae]How much = 얼마 [eol-ma]How + adjective / adverb = 얼미나 [eol-ma-na]Generally, these interrogatives in Korean are used before the verb of a sentences. But as the word order of the sentences is much more flexible (thanks in part to the subject / topic / object markers), they can come in at various parts of sentences, depending on the context or the nuance.

Example: 어떻게 [eo-tteo-ke] = how1) 어떻게 찾았어요? [eo-tteo-ke cha-ja-sseo-yo?] = How did you find it?2) 어떻게 왔어요? [eo-tteo-ke wa-sseo-yo?] = How did you get here?

찾다 [chaj-da] = to find, to look for 오다 [o-da] = to come

Example: 왜 [wae] = why1) 왜 전화했어요? [wae jeon-hwa-hae-sseo-yo?] = Why did you call?2) 왜 안 왔어요? [wae an wa-sseo-yo?] = Why didn't you come?

전화하다 [jeon-hwa-ha-da] = to call오다 [o-da] = to come

Example: 얼마 [eol-ma] = how much1) 얼마예요? [eol-ma-ye-yo?] = How much is it?2) 얼마 냈어요? [eol-ma nae-sseo-yo?] = How much did you pay?

내다 [nae-da] = to payExample: 얼마나 [eol-ma-na] + adjective / adverb = how + (often/fast/early/soon/etc)1) 얼마나 커요? [eol-ma-na keo-yo?] = How big is it?2) 얼마나 자주 와요? [eol-ma-na ja-ju wa-yo?] = How often do you come? 3) 얼마나 무거워요? [eol-ma-na mu-geo-wo-yo?] = How heavy is it?

크다 [keu-da] = to be big자주 [ja-ju] = often오다 [o-da] = to come무겁다 [mu-geob-da] = to be heavy

[LEVEL 1 LESSON 25 - 에서 / 부터 and 까지 = From A to/until B]

In this lesson we're going to introduce how to say "from A to B" when talking about locations and "from A until B" when talking about time.

에서 [e-so] and 부터 [bu-teo] mean "from".까지 [kka-ji] means "to" or "until".

First, let's look at how to say "from A" in Korean. Basically, 에서 [e-so] and 부터 [bu-teo] both mean "from" and they are usually interchangeable, but in cases where they are NOT interchangeable, 에서 [e-so] is associated more often with locations and 부터 [bu-teo] is associated more often with time.Like all the other particles, 에서, 부터, and 까지 are used AFTER a noun or a pronoun, not BEFORE one.

"From A" in Korean is "A 에서" or "A 부터".Example:1) 지금부터 [ji-geum-bu-teo] = From now. (NOT 지금에서 [ji-geum-e-so])2) 어제부터 [eo-je-bu-teo] = From (or since) yesterday.3) 서울에서 [seo-ul-e-so] = From Seoul.4) 서울부터 [seo-ul-bu-teo] = Starting from Seoul.

Note: Technically you can say 서울부터 [seo-ul-bu-teo] but it means "Starting from Seoul". For example, you want to visit many cities in Korea and you wanna go (or start) from Seoul and then Incheon, Suwon, Daegu, Busan, Mokpo, Jeju. In this case, you're actually talking about locations but it is more like you're talking about the order. The order in which you'll be visiting those cities.

Now, let's look at how to say "to" or "until". "To B" or "until B" in Korean is "B 까지".Example:1) 서울까지 [seo-ul-kka-ji] = (from somewhere else) to Seoul.2) 지금까지 [ji-geum-kka-ji] = until now.3) 내일까지 [nae-il-kka-ji] = until tomorrow.

Let's see more examples!

Example 1: From here to there- 여기에서 저기까지 [yeo-gi-e-seo jeo-gi-kka-ji]- 여기부터 저기까지 [yeo-gi-bu-teo jeo-gi-kka-ji]

Example 2: From head to toe- 머리부터 발끝까지 [meo-ri-bu-teo bal-kkeut-kka-ji]- 머리에서 발끝까지 [meo-ri-e-so bal-kkeut-kka-ji]

Example 3: From Seoul to Busan- 서울에서 부산까지 [seo-ul-e-seo bu-san-kka-ji]- 서울부터 부산까지 [seo-ul-bu-teo bu-san-kka-ji]

Example 4: From morning until evening- 아침부터 저녁까지 [a-chim-bu-teo jeo-nyeok-kka-ji]- 아침에서 저녁까지 [a-chim-e-seo jeo-nyeok-kka-ji] (X) << you can not use this.

Example 5: From Monday until Friday- 월요일부터 금요일까지 [wol-yo-il-bu-teo geum-yo-il-kka-ji]- 월요일에서 금요일까지 [wol-yo-il-e-seo geum-yo-il-kka-ji] (X) << you can not use this.

Based on lesson from @orisaram (twitter)