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Particularly, the G.Fast solution allows service providers to deliver higher bandwidth
services in areas with old buildings that only have telephone lines and also the legacy
areas where, due to preservation, it is difficult to go through major construction (e.g.
historical sites).
According to Alfred Song, an executive director of DASAN Networks Global Business
Division, at the Conference “The market is heading toward a more cost efficient solution
utilizing the existing infrastructure as a way of expanding bandwidth for today’s data
traffic growth. Introducing DASAN Networks next-generation fiber solutions in the
Conference, we consolidated our plans to expand new businesses in the European and
Middle Eastern markets.”DASAN Networks has recently been selected to supply network
solutions for Vietnam and Taiwan’s network constructions. Such global expansion was
possible due to DASAN Networks’ active R&D investment, which again allowed DASAN
Networks to provide products to 60 companies at 25 different countries around the
world. DASAN Networks currently operates R&D centers in India, Vietnam and China,
and also has Sales Offices located in the US, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and India. n
Samsung's virtualized core solution chosen to
support SK Telecom's nationwide IoT network02/05/2015|By NETMANIAS ([email protected])
Samsung Electronics today announced that it has been selected as the sole vendor
for SK Telecom’s nationwide Network Function Virtualization (NFV) deployment. As
part of the agreement, Samsung will provide its AdaptiV Core solution for the
operator’s dedicated mobile IoT (Internet of Things) network.
“We are delighted to collaborate with Samsung on our NFV solution for SK
Telecom’s IoT services,” said Jong-bong Lee, Executive Vice President and Head of
Network Division at SK Telecom. “SK Telecom is preparing for the IoT era through
active business collaboration. Through the application of virtualized network
technologies, we are confident that we can deliver a truly consistent and innovative
network as well as superior service quality.”
The IoT network, driven by Samsung’s AdaptiV Core, is scheduled to go live in the
first half of 2015, and will see initial applications targeting package delivery tracking,
CCTV monitoring and city-wide sensor monitoring.
“We are honored that SK Telecom has selected Samsung as the sole vendor to
support SK Telecom’s sophisticated mobile network,” said Youngky Kim, president
and head of networks business at samsung electronics. He added “NFV is one of the
core technologies of next-generation mobile networks and will play a critical role in
helping telecom operators in terms of network deployment, management and
operation as well as service efficiency and rapid scalability.” n
.
Contela’s Small Cell Portfolio
Source: Samsung
The AdaptiV EPC pulls together software-based virtualized network functions (VNFs) running on a KVM hypervisor, and can use standard Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) general-purpose hardware, or specialized purpose built Samsung servers, depending on the operator's specific requirements.
The follow-up interview after MWC Can you tell us about the coverage range
of DRS solution? How many RAUs can be connected to a single MU?DRS has a multi-level structure (MU-HU-
RAU). Each MU can have 16 HUs under it, and each HU can have 16 RAUs under it.
So, if you do the math, there are 256 RAUs under each MU.
How is the new DRS solution different from the conventional DAS system? And
what are the greatest benefit that it can give?
Unlike the conventional DAS, the DRS solution uses UTP cables to connect to
RAU, a radio antenna unit. So, it gives you an advantage of less
costs of materials and cabling installation. The actual costs of installation vary
depending on countries and regions, but in general installing the DRS solution in a
new building will cost only about 30% of the costs of installing the conventional
DAS solution.Tell us more about RAU.
Sure. RAU is a all-in-one device that works as a wireless transmission and control
module AND an antenna. Especially, the built-in control module allows MU to
remotely monitor the wireless link status, making it easy to efficiently manage in-
building wireless networks. In addition to that, thanks to POE technology, RAU does not require separate power supply, which can be convenient for installation and
The past few years have seen smartphones rapidly gain popularity and become one of the most loved daily essentials, especially with all of their ever-advancing multimedia processing features. Due to these advanced technologies behind mobile devices, the size of contents (video, music, picture, etc.) that users can enjoy on the devices are growing bigger and bigger every day (e.g. for videos, resolution SD (480p) → HD (720p) → now Full HD (1080p), and encoding rates, 500Kbps → 1Mbps → 2Mbps → now 4~8Mbps). Because of this growth, data traffic in mobile operators' network is soaring, and will do even more so from now on. To handle soaring data traffic, operators have been making macro cells smaller, and this
has apparently left the operators with more cells to build and operate. To save costs in building and operating cell sites, a new architecture called C-RAN was introduced. It is also known as “Centralized RAN” or “Cloud RAN”. With this C-RAN, operators can simply leave all RRHs in their cell sites, but move only BBUs to a centralized location at central offices or master cell sites. C-RAN has drastically lowered the cell site cost (Capex/Opex), and has maximized the effects of CoMP and eICIC of LTE-A. This helps to improve not only the service quality, but also the LTE-A network performance. So, many operators have been actively employing C-RAN in their networks. Now that RRHs and BBUs are
remotely separated in C-RAN, a new network was required in order to deliver a huge volume of baseband I/Q streams between the two across CPRI or OBSAI link. Previously, both RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) and BBUs (Base Band Units) were located in eNBs, and the transport network between them eNBs and EPC was called backhaul. Now in C-RAN, these new CPRI and OBSAI networks are called fronthaul. The fronthaul network should be able to satisfy requirements under LTE layer protocol operation and under the CPRI specification. First of all, ultra-high transmission capacity (as high as 2.5 GMbps~10 Gbps) for delivering baseband I/Q data is required, and latency caused within equipment in the fronthaul network should be minimized to a few secs to maximize the distance between BBUs and RRHs. In C-RAN, RRH traces clock and removes jitter from I/Q streams received from BBU to generate the clock (CPRI/sampling/carrier frequency. etc) to be used in RRH system. So, the RRH system performance varies depending on the quality of the recovered clock. That’s why jitter has to be minimized in the fronthaul network, and the CPRI specification defines the maximum frequency accuracy budget as 0.002 ppm. Also, to guarantee the time/phase synchronization required in LTE-A (eICIC, CoMP), the CPRI time/phase synchronization should be strictly ensured in the fronthaul as well. So, we can say ensuring low latency and synchronization between BBU and RRH are the most important and demanding jobs for the fronthaul. There have been several ways to satisfy such demanding technical requirements. The best option would be using dark fiber. But the problem with this option is that it would only work for those who
Distributed RAN (D-RAN) Centralized/Cloud RAN (C-RAN)
CO
BBUAC
Power(UPS)
RRH
Base Station 1
AC
Power(UPS)
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Power(UPS)
Base Station 2
Base Station 3
RRHs(Outdoor)
CO
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CO
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RRHs
RRHs RRHs
CPRI Traffic
•BBU, RRH, A/C, UPS (power), transport, etc. are all installed at cell sites (located in leased spaces) •High costs of lease, installation, utilities, and maintenance •IP traffic aggregated by backhaul network
•In C-RAN, BBUs at cell site are moved to A centralized location (e.g. CO).
•C-RAN has drastically lowered the cell site cost (Capex/Opex), and has maximized the effects of CoMP and eICIC of LTE-A. •A new fronthaul network was required to deliver a huge volume of baseband I/Q streams between BBUs and RRHs over CPRI or OBSAI interfaces.
Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Dr. Michelle M. Do
Transponder
Muxponder
RXTX
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MUX/De-MUX(Optical filters)
TXRX
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λ1
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Active WDM (Wavelength conversion)
Passive WDM (No wavelength conversion, transparent)
Transponder
Muxponder
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Colored SFPPort
TXRX
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Colorless SFP
Figure 2. Passive WDM vs. Active WDM
already have plenty of fiber, and others including most operators would have to lease it. And obviously this can cost a lot. For example, a network with LTE Carrier BW of 20MHz, 2x2 antenna, 3-sector, 2 Bands would require 6 RRHs in each cell site, which means 6 leased fibers in each cell site. The practical option is WDM. With WDM, just one or two fibers can cover tens of CPRI channels. So, fiber costs can be lowered, and high-volume transmission is possible. There are two types of WDM, passive and active (Figure 2). The best part of passive WDM is that it is inexpensive, and requires no power supply. Besides, little latency or jitter is caused, and so the distance between BBU and RRH can be maximized, without affecting LTE/LTE-A performance much. Active WDM is bidirectional (single fiber). So, dark fiber costs can be lowered. And by using Muxponder, the number of required λs can be minimized, which can further lower the fiber costs. What’s even better, operators can even monitor the quality of the fronthaul network by running a self loopback test on WDM units. But, one thing to note is that active WDM may cause latency and jitter, which
should be kept under certain levels.
HFR's WDM Solutions for mobile fronthaul and backhaul HFR provides both passive WDM and active WDM solutions. Passive WDM enables operators to build a high capacity of C-RAN fronthaul with less cost. HFR also provides active WDM solutions called flexiHaulTM. What Our flexiHaul solutions do is to fronthaul CPRI traffic and backhaul Ethernet traffic to a single aggregation network.
Passive WDM Solution
Passive WDM does not contain any active components like transponder, but instead is consisted of passive components such as Add/drop filter, splitter. So, it is inexpensive and requires no power supply. Due to the lack of active components, passive WDM seldom causes any processing latency (excluding cable propagation delay) and jitter. Thus, it can maximize a cable distance between BBU and RRH, not affecting on the performance of LTE/LTE-A network. Consequently, operators can remove no need to perform interoperability tests with base station vendors. Passive WDM multiplexes optical input signals over a single fiber through WDM MUX, not converting a wavelength of an optic signal. An optic transceiver (i.e., SFP/Small Form Factor Pluggable) to be plugged into the customer’s equipment like LTE BBU/RRH should be tuned to the unique optical wavelengths (unit: nm) for TX and RX port respectively, referring to the pre-assigned wavelength/channel table. HFR’s passive WDM solution fully supports various features and options such as CWDM or DWDM, single fiber or fiber pair, protected or unprotected. In C-RAN, a physical failure like “Fiber cut” is likely to occur because BBU and RRH are placed tens of Kms away from each other. Inherently, passive WDM is consisted of passive components, so it cannot perform any switching function in itself. In order to complement the limitation, HFR provides a small optical switch as an optional part. The optical switch is attached to the forehead of passive WDM at RT(passive WDM at remote sites) in external or built-in type, providing two input ports (West, East) connected to COT respectively. The optical switch determines a route from RT to COT among the east and west direction. In addition, passive WDM also utilizes OTDR which can monitor a signal quality of optic cable by allocating a additional wavelength (1,625nm) for OTDR use.
Active WDM SolutionBasically, active WDM is also based on the passive components used in passive WDM, but unlike passive WDM it has the active components like transponder, muxponder, etc. added to the passive components. So, active WDM is relatively expensive compared to passive WDM and
Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Dr. Michelle M. Do
Figure 5. Components of HFR's Active WDM solution (flexiHaulTM)
HSN 8300 (3U)HSN 8500 (5U) HSN 8100 (1U) HSN 8110
requires a power supply for operation. Active WDM can convert a wavelength of optic signal by O-E-O conversion and then multiplex optic signals over a single fiber through WDM MUX. Unlike passive WDM, active WDM removes the need for the colored optic transceiver (i.e., SFP) tuned according to the pre-assigned wavelength/channel table for WDM transmission, utilizing a common colorless optical transceiver for customer’s equipment (i.e., LTE BBU/RRH). HFR’s active WDM solution is flexiHaulTM. What Our flexiHaul series do is to aggregate (fronthauling) macro/micro/small RRH (CPRI) traffic, and aggregate (backhauling) legacy base station, compact base station (pico), and Wi-Fi traffic with this single aggregation network. Our flexiHaul solution consists of the HSN series (HSN 8500/8300/8100/8110).
HSN 8500 models are installed in BBU pool sites, and support 40 λs and 88 CPRI ports. These models support the three CPRI service cards, i) transponder card that supports four CPRI ports (option 3/5/7), ii) Muxponder card that supports four CPRI ports (option 2/3), and iii) Muxponder card that supports two CPRI ports (option 5). And all three CPRI cards have been deployed in SK Telecom’s commercial network. Muxponder cards use one λ per card. So, fewer λs are required. And that allows HSN 8500 to aggregate RRHs at the maximum level. HSN8300/8100/8110 models are RTs installed at cell sites. You can find their specifications in figure 5. The flexiHaulTM solution is a fronthaul solution using WDM, so has no capacity issue. One HSN 8500 RT can deliver CPRI traffic up to 180 Gbps. It has many excellent technical features we have
developed to minimize latency and jitter which can affect LTE/LTE-A. So, for example, in a ring with COT and RTs, a fronthaul end-to-end latency excluding fiber latency can be kept under 1μsec, and jitter can be kept under a few nsecs. More than 4,000 flexiHaulTM units are currently running in many commercial LTE/LTE-A networks. HFR’s flexiHaulTM solution offers extremely low latency and jitter. So, it can maximize the performance of LTE-Advanced features such as CoMP and eICIC, eventually improving the LTE-A service quality and network performance. These days operators are in fierce competition to attract customers. With HFR's solution, operators can prevent customer churn and attract new subscribers by providing better service quality than other competitors. HFR's ring protection within 50 msecs feature ensures any link failure is recovered instantly to minimize LTE service interruption. Not only that, operators can monitor the quality of the fronthaul link through BER and CV (Code Violation) of CPRI data that is being monitored in real time.
Implementing Mobile Fronthaul/Backhaul with HFR's WDM
solutions Every operator has their own RAN architectures/scenarios they want, depending on their needs and resources (available infrastructure, future roadmap, etc.). That’s what our flexiHaul solution is for. Because it supports many different RAN and fronthaul architectures. Table 1 depicts the fronthaul architectures presented by HFR. BBU pool is located at CO for the Full Fronthaul architecture, while it is distributed onto the master macro cell sites for Hybrid BH/FH architecture. In Integrated BH/FH architecture, HFR's WDM network aggregate both CPRI traffic form RRH and Ethernet traffic from 3G nodeB, small BS, or Wi-Fi AP. Operators should determine a proper WDM technologies and network architecture, considering available dark fibers, a holding and planning frequency for LTE, cell sites and COs, network evolution strategy, TCO and so on.
Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Dr. Michelle M. Do
Full Fronthaul Architecture In Full Fronthaul architecture, the BBUs are centralized at CO, RRHs (macro RRHs and small RRHs) at cell sites are connected to the BBU pool over CPRI interfaces. In this architecture, hundreds of RRHs are processed by a BBU pool, so the pooling effect is maximized.
effect is maximized. It is an optimal architecture to process LTE-A features such as CoMP and eICIC. HFR's active and passive WDM solutions enables the operators to implement various full fronthaul networks - all passive WDM fronthaul, all active WDM fronthaul or mixed
active WDM fronthaul or mixed configuration with active and passive WDM [Figure 6].
Hybrid BH/FH Architecture In Hybrid BH/FH architecture, the BBUs are centralized at master macro sites, RRHs (macro RRHs and small RRHs) at cell sites are connected to the BBU pool over CPRI interfaces. In this architecture, tens of RRHs are processed by a BBU pool. This concept describes the fronthaul network that is built from macro RRHs and small RRHs extending the macro D-RAN. The existing backhaul network to macro site is still utilized, and new fronthaul network is built based-on the D-RAN macro site.
Table 1. HFR's WDM solutions for various fronthaul architectures
Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Dr. Michelle M. Do
The fronthaul network can be deployed with either active WDM or passive WDM solutions. Figure 7 shows an example of fronthaul network built from HFR's active WDM solutions (HSN 8300/8100).
Integrated BH/FH Architecture When a legacy operator builds an LTE network, there are already legacy 3G base stations in its cell sites.
stations in its cell sites. Our flexiHaul RT units (HSN 8300/8100) accommodate 3G BSs through the GE interface, and connect LTE RRHs through the CPRI interface. That way, they can accommodate the two access networks in a single network. GE and GPON cards connect small cells (pico) or Wi-Fi APs. If no fiber is available in a small cell area
in a small cell area, operators can connect small cells by accessing microwave devices through the GE interface of HSN series. Our flexiHaul series aggregate (fronthauling) macro/micro/small RRH (CPRI) traffic, and aggregate (backhauling) legacy base station, compact base station (pico), and Wi-Fi traffic in Integrated BH/FH architecture.
Case Study - SK Telecom's fronthaul architecture & HFR's
WDM solutions deployedC-RAN was initially proposed by China’s CM. But, it was Korean operators (e.g., SK Telecom) who actually commercialized it. And a fronthaul network, which made C-RAN work, was also commercialized by Korean operators for the first time in the world. HFR have deployed the flexiHaul solution in SK Telecom’s network since 2012, helping SK Telecom to build its nation-wide fronthaul network, in 84 major cities. 80% of the fronthaul networks were built with active WDM, and 50% of the units deployed were our flexiHaul. n
Cell Sites
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Figure 8. Integrated BH/FH architecture implemented with HFR's flexiHaul solution
Unified Mobile Fronthaul & Backhaul Solutions for LTE-A Hetnet: HFR’s flexiHaul Solution | S.M. Shin and Dr. Michelle M. Do
About HFR (www.hfrnet.com)HFR has been actively responding to the Cloud RAN market under LTE environment. We expect that our front-haul solution will become representative product in global equipment market. Also, HFR has been leading the high-speed internet equipment with the development for Giga Internet service area. Based on its competitive solutions in the wire and wireless communications fields, HFR is determined to become Korea’s leading network equipment company.�l Location and Contact Information5th floor, Hana EZ tower,10, 43gil, Seongnam-daero, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaTEL 82-31-712-7768 | FAX 82-31-712-7948 | E-MAIL [email protected] For more information, please visit us at http://www.hfrnet.com
HFR have been stabilizing and optimizing systems in
real commercial networks, and have accumulated
technical know-how for many years. And those
experiences and know-how are our biggest assets that
can make us ready to work any time. Our solutions are
not in the proof of concept (POC) step, but are fully
proven, ready to use. That’s what really put us ahead
of everyone else. We are the ONLY one who can
achieve the best time-to-market with the least trial
and error in building a fronthaul network.
Approximately 145,000 RRHs (80% of all LTE RRHs) are
connected to C-RAN fronthaul since 2011, and more
than 60% of the SK Telecom fronthaul is connected to
flexiHaul.
- Number of systems: about 4,000
- Number of 10G sub-rate muxponder cards: about
24,000
The interoperabilIty with leading RAN vendors has
been proven by field and/or lab. Tests in Korea, Japan,
China, Taiwan, Russia, Indonesia, etc.
- Ericsson LTE system
- Nokia LTE and 3G system
- Samsung LTE system
- Huawei LTE system
- ZTE LTE system
HFR have been supplying Fronthaul solutions to SK
Telecom for large deployment, and also to Chunghwa
Telecom (CHT), a Taiwanese operator, who is expected
to have growing demand for large-scale commercial
network soon. Especially, Chunghwa recognized the
technological excellence and high reliability of our
solutions, and so HFR were selected as its sole vendor.
HFR’s flexiHaulTM Solution !
Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH? | In-Ho Kim ([email protected])
Mobile data traffic has been soaring ever since smartphones were first introduced and spread throughout the world. The traffic increase gave rise to faster introduction of 4G - well maybe too fast because now operators are having a hard time lowering costs of building and operating networks. In response, mobile base stations are being transformed accordingly. RRHs are more commonly used because they can minimize radio transmission loss by allowing radio parts, which used to be installed indoor, to be placed closer to antennas. Most RRHs and antennas today are placed pretty close to each other on a building's rooftop, tower, etc., but they still need a 2~3-meter-long connection cable between them to exchange signals with each other. As RRHs are moved out of a building and onto a rooftop, where only antennas used to be placed, operators are facing new challenges - securing space for a variety of products from different manufacturers that are run by different operators for different frequency bands, and achieving reliability of the frame structures where those products are mounted.
Particularly installing RRHs and antennas on building rooftops or small towers in big cities can be not only undesirable from an aesthetic point of view, but also an obstacle in building a network from operators' point of view. To solve these issues in distributed cell sites, antenna-integrated RRH solution was introduced.
Features of Antenna-Integrated RRH
In 2012, Ericsson introduced Antenna-Integrated Radio (AIR), the first of this type, soon followed by our Remote Radio Antenna (RRA), Huawei's Active Antenna Unit (AAU), etc. These types of antenna-integrated RRHs have the following four characteristics: Less signal transmission loss between antenna and RRHIn a conventional cell cite, an antenna and RRH are connected usually with a 2~3-meter-long connection cable, and this contributes to transmission loss of about 0.6~0.7 dB. An antenna-integrated RRH solution however can eliminate this loss, resulting in more energy savings. Antenna-integrated RRH solutions from other developers may minimize the
length of connection cables, but still need a connection cable, short or long, to work. However, our Multi Semi Blind Mating (MSBC) solution can literally eliminate the necessity of a connection cable, consequently minimizing the transmission loss. Also it is the only solution that allows only the defective RRH to be replaced on the site. This RRH-replaceable solution is particularly helpful to RRHs that are intended to support multi-band frequencies (e.g. dual band, tri-band). For instance, let's say there is an all-in-one dual band RRH that supports both 1.8 GHz and 700 MHz. If 1.8 GHz RRH fails, then not only the failed RRH, but also the other working 700 MHz RRH has to be replaced. For this reason, some operators in Japan or Europe prefer onsite-replaceable solutions. We are currently developing a solution that will allow for onsite replacement of only the failed RRH. With this solution, any failed RRH can be easily replaced on the site without using any tool in just 3 steps. The key factors of this solution (Fig. 2) are :• Development of compact and light RRH
(2T4R, 12L, 12kg)• Multi Semi Blind Connection (MSBC)
solution• Special latch design
Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH?In-Ho Kim, Head of AAS group, KMW ([email protected])
Figure 1. Antenna, RRH and jumper cable
at cell site
RRH
Antenna
Jumper Cable
Figure 2. RRA (antenna-integrated RRH solution by KMW)Remote Radio Antenna (RRA) is a brand name of antenna-integrated RRH by the author's company
Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH? | In-Ho Kim ([email protected])
Less CAPEX/OPEX burden on operatorsIn conventional structures, antennas and RRHs have to be installed separately, which means higher installation costs and more space to lease. On the other hand, an antenna-integrated RRH Gives operators advantage of lower costs of installation and space lease because it only takes one installation of an antenna. So it is a very cost-efficient option when we think about the money that can be saved throughout the entire leasing period. Also, it is a smart space-saving solution to overcome limited lease space issues.
Reduction of physical load on frame structuresFrame structures on towers or rooftops of a building are affected not only by weight of the installed products, but also by wind loads. Because our new solution RRA allows RRHs to be attached right to the back of an antenna, wind loads on the face of RRHs can be eliminated. This can help to install more RRHs in limited space on towers or rooftops of buildings.
Development of eco-friendly structure and improvement of Passive Inter-modulation Distortion (PIMD) qualityOne of the most common cell site structures that we find on rooftops or small towers of buildings in cities consists of antennas, RRHs and cables that connect the two. I personally believe these eco-friendly structures should be modified to be, at least, without any connection cable. What has satisfied this need the most so far would be Ericsson's AIR. Probably because Ericsson cooperated with a professional design consulting firm from the initial stage of the development, the company could end up with AIR - with a nicer and simpler design. Not much impressive reliability or price competitiveness, though.
Connecting an antenna with RRHs in a tower is a pretty demanding and dangerous job that can be done by only those with experiences. Improper connection by a less-experienced person can cause poor PIMD and waterproofing issues. When more than two frequencies are combined, a new unwanted frequency can be generated as a result of the synthesis of fundamental and harmonic waves of the two original frequencies. This distortion is called PIMD. Distorted signals detected within the receiving frequency band can affect the receiving performance of system. This is why PIMD is considered as an important factor in RF products. So, if we can just skip this whole troublesome connecting process, there will be no problem to take care of at all.
As discussed so far, the antenna-integrated RRH solution certainly offers features that can take care of the issues the distributed cell sites have. However, the concept of the integrated solution – moving RRHs next to an antenna, where replacement of failed RRH(s) can be tricky - has been a concern, particularly to operators who tend to be conservative unavoidably. Operators have once had a similar concern. During the transition from the conventional cell site to the distributed cell site structure, they were worried about moving radio parts (filter + amplifier) up to towers, again where replacement can be tricky. Today, RRHs are commonly used in LTE networks, and the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) issue has also been improved as more advanced production technologies and parts have become available.
Outlook for the Antenna-Integrated RRH Market Figure 5 shows the EJL Wireless Research’s forecast of the antenna-integrated RRH market. The market is expected to continue to grow after 2015. KMW is also planning to supply our products in the US market starting 2015.
Figure 3. RRA tower (less wind load in the back of antenna)
“We don’t have space on the tower anymore” (T-Mobile)
“We have difficulties of site build” (France Telecom)
Figure 4. Connecting antennas and RRHs
(not an easy job!)
Figure 5. Antenna-integrated RRH
(Semi-Active Antenna) market forecast
Why do we need antenna-integrated RRH? | In-Ho Kim ([email protected])
• A Head of Active Antenna System (AAS) Group at KMW's RF Research Center for R&D of antenna and RF radio
• Research/development fields: Active Antenna System, RF Radio (Antenna, RRH)
• Research interests: Beam forming Calibration, Small-cell, Massive MIMO, Thermal and Light Weight material architecture
Installation Issues in the Small Cell MarketDiscussion on installation of small cell base stations (except DAS), as well as macro cell stations, has also begun. While macro base stations can be installed in towers or on rooftops, small cell base stations are usually installed in places that can be easily spotted, like on street lights, bus stops, 2nd Or 3rd floor of buildings, etc. And the number of small cell base stations to be installed is likely to be greater than that of macro cell base stations.
To address this, lots of converged/integrated solutions are being introduced. The two most noteworthy solutions are KMW's Green Cell and Ericsson's Zero Site, both of which features a small cell base station that can be installed on a pole with energy-saving LED street lights.
The biggest benefit of these solutions is that they can improve street landscape by minimizing the appearance of all these IT equipment and eliminating all the messy cables (CCTV option available in Green Cell). There are some challenges facing these solutions as well. Installing new street lights with small cells is a quite expensive procedure. Besides, the solutions and their installations have to satisfy all the conditions under the relevant laws and regulations. Given that, it would take some time until they can be finally
implemented. Nevertheless, if we can somehow make them run on renewable energy, which happens to be one of my research areas, independently from the central energy source, they can actually be a feasible and useful idea in future urban planning.
A number of feasible ideas on small cell solutions have been shared. I personally believe that the No. 1 priority in small cell solutions should be design or convergence. That's because people do not like to see untidy and messy cables hanging off street lights or buildings, and thus operators are likely to face more challenges and restrictions when installing small cell base stations than when installing macro cell base stations. Anyway, the most practical approach for now would be an all-in-one solution similar to macro cell, which would not be easy due to limited installation spaces for the foregoing reasons. A Japanese operator has requested for a solution to this issue. Another possible approach would be installing RRHs somewhere that cannot be easily spotted, like behind signs or frame structures. However judging from my own experiences of conducting eco-friendly researches, it is less likely that operators would love the idea because of high costs required for product lineup, installation and management. For me, the keywords are naturalness and convergence. With a simpler design and softer light, we can make the small cell hardware platform not look like a typical communication device. Furthermore, we can add more features like street light, CCTV, beamvertising, etc., transforming it from a conventional mono-function platform into a useful multi-function platform. More interesting ideas can be brought up to help operator to build up a positive brand image. n
Figure 6. Street light-integrated small cell solutions
B2C IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)
Category Services Description
SK Telecom
Smart FurnitureUsers can use the Internet, listen to the radio, search for news or recipes, food prices and the weather, and even make a phone call using the touch screen on their furniture, such as dressing tables and cabinet doors.
C
Smart Mirroring Mirrors smartphone or tablet screen onto TVs or larger screens using Wi-Fi network.
Play With (Ballpark)
Provides smartphone users in a ballpark with various location-based information on events at the ballpark, promotions at shops, etc. in real time, by using Beacon devices installed at the ballpark and related IoT platforms.
Solar skinSolar-powered smartphone charging case that uses light to generate electric current to charge a smartphone battery.
C
EntertainmentSmart Audio Linkage (FLAC)
Portable Wi-Fi speaker capable of supporting a high quality music files such as Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
C
Smart HomeRemotely switches on/off and cOntrols all home appliances/devices through the IoT platform/network (1. Air-purifier/air-conditioning/refrigerator, 2. Boilers/door-locks/ dryers)
Smart Beam HDSmall sized projector built with laser technology to project a high definition and brighter image
C
Safety T kidsphone Joon
Allows parents to check the whereabouts and safety of children through the information transmitted from the wearable 3G phone of their children. Offers child safety-related features like emergency calling, SOS notification, real-time location tracking and Safe Zone setting.
Electronic AnkletKeeps track of sex offenders' whereabouts in real-time via an anklet with built-in sensor they are wearing.
C
C
PointCam Monitors CCTV footages recorded at remote sites in real-time via smartphone or PC. C
C
C
Health TelecareRemotely monitors activities of the elderly living alone or the severely disabled by using HD cameras, and sends alerts in case of fire, gas detection, emergency calls, etc.
Smart BandWearable watch that notifies users of incoming calls, SMS/MMS, emails and SNS updates, but also provides fun features like physical exercise and health-care for users.
Smart Hearing AidBluetooth earset that provides basic earset features plus a four-channel hearing aid feature for people with hearing loss
Life T-Car
Provides T-car service users (drivers) with vehicle-related information on their smartphone for easier maintenance using a wireless modem (3G, LTE) and a controller built into vehicles. The users can start their car remotely using T-Car app downloaded on their smartphone.
C
Eggo-mate Personal assistant service that arranges/organizes events, meetings and schedules and even sends messages on behalf of a user.
Smart ShopperAllows users to just scan the barcodes of desired items using a scanner instead of actually putting them in a cart, and pay at once at a kiosk. Extra service like home delivery of purchased items may be available too.
Smart StampAllows users to get electronic coupons or have reward cards stamped on their smartphone, and use them just like real printed coupons and cards.
Smart CreditcardSaves information of many credit cards onto one *BLE-enabled electronic card so that card holders can make payment using the card without having to carry all the cards.
ShopkickProvides shoppers with various shopping information related to nearby stores (like coupon, discount, rewards) on their smartphone as they pass by.
C
C
Bike solution (LBS)Provides IoT-based integrated bike management services, including i) theft/loss prevention service, and ii) registration/management service, through a built-in Beacon sensor.
B2C IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)
KT
Category Services Description
Health Home FitnessChecks and provides statistics on speed, distance, and calories burned, by using sensors built into sportswear, sports shoes, training machines, etc., and connectivity options like IPTV set top box, smartphone.
C
Yodoc Portable self-diagnosis urine analyzer for self-checkup at home. C
Smart AirMonitors indoor air pollution levels and sends pollution alerts through interworking with an external IoT big data platform. Controls the IoT enabled air-cleaning system accordingly.
Home IoTRemotely switches on/off and controls lights and plugged-in appliances using the IoT platform at or away from home. Helps to conserve energy over time by preventing unnecessary power usage.
Tap signUnlike conventional E-commerce, this service allows a credit card company to authenticate an e-commerce transaction on a smartphone (NFC enabled), simply by placing a "Tap Sign" credit card (RF IC chip inside) on the smartphone.
Safety U secure service Alerts parents or caregivers if a child leaves the designated safety zone. C
Entertainment Giga SoundQualcomm's "Allplay" technology-based music service. It enables an IoT based wireless speaker to play the music (supporting FLAC) that is being played through a music app. on smartphone (e.g Genie service) via a wireless IoT network
C
Emergency safety care services
Sensors installed at home detect any emergency situation of the elderly living alone or the severely disabled, sending alerts to their designated caregivers as needed.
C
Life Smart DoorlockUnlocks a door using an NFC-enabled smartphone that has a mobile key stored into the USIM card. Apps for issuing mobile keys are available from operators at charge.
C
Smart Mirror
Senses IoT users' movement through D2D technology, and displays various information (weather, temperature, traffic and etc.) on the mirror by interworking with an IoT platform. Can also displays personal digital albums (photo/video) and SMS messages as well.
LG U+
Life Home managerRemotely switches on/off and controls lights and plugged-in appliances using the IoT platform/network (interworking home appliances: Gas lock, Smart bulb, smart plug, Door lock, door view, Air-conditioning, refrigerator)
Health Smart Healthcare IoT-based spiral health care solution (posture control, correction, etc.)
Life Magic MirrorPrecisely diagnoses skin conditions through the magic mirror equipped with a special camera and display, offering various skin care solutions
Life Car LinkDisplays services and features on smartphone in the display/screen in a vehicle (Connected car)
C
Safety LTE BlackboxIn case of accidents, LTE blackbox installed in a vehicle of a nursery/kindergarten automatically sends recorded data to LG U+'s control server through LTE network, while alerting an related administrator and parents.
Safety Home CCTV MomcaRemotely monitors children's academic and daily activities at nursery/kindergarten in real-time through CCTV.
C
Safety Gas LockRemotely checks and turns off the gas valve from anywhere using a smartphone, and also features overheat alert, automatic lock, timer setting, etc.
B2B LTE DronePerforms HD video transmission and real-time control using LTE modem-equipped drones : Broadcasting, Fire, Military area
C
Digital Tachograph(DTG)
Records and sends driving information of a vehicle, such as location, distance to the control center, etc., by using DTG (Digital Tachograph) system and a wireless modem in the vehicle.
C
LTE CCTV Monitors activities at remote sites in real-time on CCTV through LTE network
MOSRemotely monitors and controls the status of facilities and equipment in a big building complex, factory, plant, etc.*MOS: Monitoring, Maintenance and Management Operating System
C
Smart energyMeasures, analyzes and manages the amount of energy consumed by corporate or individual person.
Bus stop shelterProvides bus passangers with various information and advertising service through media outlets at bus stop shelters (partnered with KT media hub)
Eco Food BinKeeps track of the amount of waste discharged in an individual RFID built-in container, and delivers the information to the main system of “Korea Environment Corporation (KECO)” for billing.
Smart VotingIssues voting papers for remote voters through smart voting terminals installed by the Election Authority.
C
SK Telecom
B2B Smart DTGRemotely collects and transmits DTG (Digital Tachograph) information of vehicles through a wireless communication module (GPS-embedded).
Smart Eco-drivingOffers cost-efficient driving solutions for commercial vehicles (cargo, bus, etc.), supporting features such as real-time location/operation reporting, DTI, eco-driving information, travel route/tracking.
T Smart FarmProvides diverse remote control features for indoor/outdoor farms through IoT/M2M infrastructure (open/close water, turn on/off heater, pesticide application, CCTV footages).
Smart Fish FarmMonitors the growth and health of fish (eels), measuring the quality of water in the eel fish tank.
C
Location-based(Beacon+Glass)
The Beacon-based LBS helps workers to easily trace accurate locations items/products, and the Smart Glass transmits videos captured at sites to the control center, by combining Beacon with Smart Glass platform.
CLOUD BEMSMonitors/analyzes/manages energy usage in building facilities through a cloud-based BEMS (Building Energy Management System) for energy-saving
Wireless ATM service Provides the existing ATM service with a wireless connection using LTE router
B2GTraffic Signal Control Communication Service
Monitors the system status information of the traffic signal controllers remotely through a built-in LTE modem, minimizing traffic jams caused by traffic system errors.
C
B2G Weather PlanetProvides high-resolution weather information collected by AWS (Automatic Weather Stations) located at SKT’s base station sites.
Lake water monitoring
Monitors the quality of lake water and sends the collected data through a wireless modem.
LG U+
B2B Smart LockerEnables operators to check the conditions and status of the automated locker systems in subway stations in real time, by using LTE router device. Also, the systems can be upgraded and managed effectively through wireless connection.
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
B2B IoT services available from Korean operators (right green box: commercialized service)
KT
Category Services Description
Netmanias Interview with KT at MWC 2015 (1)
KT's Demonstrations of LTE-H and LTE-UDr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])
seemed to reflect KT's keen desire to expedite the
process of converting WiBro into LTE-TDD
purpose.
Ever since the LTE-FDD service (with 10MHz)
launch in July 2011, Korea, with the highest LTE
penetration rate in the world, has been leading
development of LTE technology/service, for
example, through the world's first
commercialization of three new services: LTE-A
(10+10MHz), Wideband LTE-A (20+10MHz) and
Tri-band LTE-A (20+10+10MHz) services.
However, due to lack of available frequency, all
Korean big 3 operators have had a hard time
developing more advanced LTE technology with
enhanced speeds and service quality.
To address this issue, the Korea Communications
Commission (KCC) and the Ministry of Science, ICT
and Future Planning (MSIP) announced the
“National Mobile Broadband Plan” for allocation of
additional frequencies. As the plan includes
additional allocation of not only FDD but also TDD
frequency, LTE service is expected to be
commercialized through TDD as well.
Therefore, for continuous development of more
advanced LTE technologies, efforts to get ready for
LTE-TDD as well as LTE-FDD should be made. In
that context, KT seemed to make such effort
through its demonstrations using LTE-TDD. n
KT's Demonstrations of LTE-TDD | Dr. Michelle M. Do and Dr. Harrison J. Son ([email protected])
The number of managed APs
Self Authentication
RF resource management
Self Healing
Fast Roaming
802.11ac support
Section
HA cluster
DVW-504XH802.11a/g/n802.11ac(wave-2)
23dBm4X4 MIMOExternal/Internal
802.3at orPoE 12VDC
2 30W
Wi-Fi Total Solution leading future mobile networks world
New WLAN standard 802.11ac, GIGA WiFi
Main function
• 802.11ac,Giga WiFi
• 2.4GHz/5GHz dual band
• Management to 802.11ac AP as well as 802.11a/b/g/n AP• L2/L3 Seamless Roaming for mobility• WLAN resource management with AP - Auto channel configuration, Auto power control - Coverage hole detection, Self healing - Load banacing, Band steering(5GHz priority selecting)
• Security & QoS - Protection from wireless threat (DoS attack, TCP SYN flooding) - Bandwidth control by service, SSID and station
• System Redundancy (1+1, primary/secondary or 1:N)
DAVOLINK Inc. 112, Beolmal-ro, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 864-7, Korea TEL +82-31-387-3240 www.davolink.co.kr
DVW-4034XH 802.11a/g/n802.11ac 23dBm
3X3 MIMOExternal
802.3atPoE
1Outdoor dual-band AP,High transmit power 24W
DVW-403XH802.11a/g/n802.11ac 23dBm
3X3 MIMOExternal/Internal2 24W
DVW-402XH 802.11a/g/n802.11ac
23dBm2X2MIMOExternal/Internal2 20W
DVW-412X802.11a/g/n80211ac
17dBm 2X2 MIMOExternal/Internal
2Indoor dual-band AP,Normal transmit power,175(H) x 175(W) x 45(D)mm
15W
EthernetPorts(1Gbps)
WirelessStandards
TransmitPower
Antennas Power Sources
Maximumpower consumption
BriefDescription
ProductModel
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
512 256 4096
X 7 Port X
SC-300 SC-400 SC-2000 Remarks
Security (wireless DoS attack protection)
Flexible ACL/QoS policy
PoE PSE (802.3at)
*`DVW-504XH is available in 4Q 2015
Indoor dual-band AP,High transmit power,225(H) x 225(W) x 45(D)mm
Indoor dual-band AP,High transmit power,225(H) x 225(W) x 45(D)mm
Dual-band Indoor/Outdoor AP supporting 802.11ac wave-2 technologyHigh transmit power
802.3af orPoE 12VDC
802.3at orPoE 12VDC
802.3at orPoE 12VDC
Netmanias Interview with SK Telecom at MWC 2015
SK Telecom's Fast Data Platform: T-PANI and APOLLODemonstrations of Pre-5G/5G Technologies at MWC 2015
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) technology, commonly known as Wi-Fi, has been evolving so fast, adapting to the constantly changing mobile communication market. Especially as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is becoming the growing trend in many companies which value the network security and stability, companies are deploying more WLANs every year to ensure their employees use smartphones and pads for work purposes as well. The most important job of an enterprise WLAN solution is to provide secure and robust wireless service to users. To do the job, we have to first admit the fact that WLANs are less secure by their nature than wired LANs. Wi-Fi uses unlicensed bands that anyone can use freely, and thus is inevitably vulnerable to various interferences, which can lead to service degradation. So, a good enterprise WLAN Solution must feature functions and technologies to address these issues and supply the best wireless network service to users.In general, an enterprise wireless network consists of three basic components - AP, AP controller and authentication server. But an additional component, WIPS (WIPS sensor and server), can be included as needed, for protection from wireless intrusion. The following is a brief explanation of functionalities and characteristics of the four components:•Access Point (AP): AP is essential for a Wi-Fi client to connect to a wired network (Internet or intranet). A Wi-Fi client scans SSIDs broadcasted from AP, selects an SSID and then connects to the network through standard authentication procedure.•AP Controller: AP controller is a management system that controls all APs. It collects information from individual APs and analyzes them to ensure and maintain the service quality of the entire wireless network.•Authentication Server (AAA): It provides authentication service to Wi-Fi clients not only by using user ID/password as conventionally done, but also by using user information in SIM/USIM of a smart device.•Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS): It detects rouge APs or unauthorized Wi-Fi devices in a WLAN and prevents them from accessing or attacking the network. To this end, WIPS sensors monitoring all the packets that travel through all the Wi-Fi frequency bands in real-time are placed throughout the network.
Now we will find out what conditions should be met and what specific features are needed to be a good enterprise WLAN solution that can satisfy high expectations in the enterprise market as well as new requirements in the future Internet of Things (IoT) era. 1. Distributed architecture is in and centralized architecture is outUntil a few years ago, centralized architecture had been preferred for enterprise WLANs. Centralized architecture passes all AP traffic from Wi-Fi clients to AP controllers (also known as wireless switch) transparently. In this architecture, APs have just a few simple functions (this type of AP is called ‘thin’ AP) and thus all 802.11 frames from Wi-Fi clients are simply passed to AP controllers. Then the AP controllers take care of high level functions, such as QoS, ACL, roaming, etc., leading to enhanced control over WLANs. However, as WLAN technologies improved to use broader bandwidths through standardizations of 802.11n in 2009 (450 Mbps, 3x3 antenna) and 802.11ac in 2013 (1.3 Gbps, 3x3 antenna), it became virtually impossible for an AP controller to process all traffic of Wi-Fi clients, as initially intended in the centralized architecture. Recently APs, upgraded to perform better, have become capable to process traffic control, QoS, ACL and firewall per Wi-Fi station and service, allowing AP controllers to focus on just managing distributed APs (this type of AP is called ‘fat’ or ‘intelligent’ AP). This so called distributed or bridged WLAN architecture is dominant these days. Accordingly, the distributed architecture is expected to impose a lesser burden on AP controllers, helping them to manage more APs, compared to the centralized architecture.
2. Secure network connection and various authentication servicesUser data encryption and secure authentication are essential for safe WLAN connection and use in enterprise WLANs.Encryption and security issues in the air link of WLANs seem to have been perfectly taken care of by IEEE 802.11i standards approved in the end of 2004. No vulnerability issues have been reported in relation to 802.11i WPA2/AES encryption so far. IEEE 802.1x-based authentication is most commonly used in enterprise WLANs, and it supports three authentication modes:
- EAP-PEAP/EAP-TTLS with user ID and password- EAP-TLS based on client Certification Authority (CA)- EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA using SIM/USIM chip in smartphone
Another common method is web-based authentication (also known as captive portal-based authentication), which is used mainly for guest authentication. With this authentication method, a Wi-Fi client can use Internet/intranet service only after going through an additional authentication process, where user credentials (e.g., user ID/password) must be entered on the web server even after WLAN standard authentication, such as Pre-Shared Key (PSK) with AP, is completed. The web-based authentication enables an AP to redirect HTTP packets (TCP port 80) of a Wi-Fi client to the AP controller or external web server.
3. AP with excellent functionalities and performance is the keyA good enterprise wireless AP should be able to meet high functionality and performance standards to ensure a certain level of service quality in the enterprise wireless network. An AP must be able to do:Supporting the latest WLAN standardsAPs should support IEEE 802.11ac standards approved in December 2013. Actually all recently released Wi-Fi clients support 802.11ac. 802.11ac compatible devices show 5 times better throughput than the previous 802.11n devices.Number of stations that can be served concurrentlyUsually dozens of Wi-Fi clients are connected to one AP in an enterprise WLAN, and hence an AP should be able to concurrently serve more than 100 Wi-Fi clients at each radio interface (2.4GHz and 5GHz).Airtime fairness for each Wi-Fi deviceAirtime fairness feature should be supported to ensure fair and balanced distribution of bandwidths to Wi-Fi clients that are using wireless resources competitively. Especially, APs should restrict bandwidth usage by slow devices using old technology, 802.11a/b/g, to prevent them from consuming radio resource too much, and thereby degrading performance of the enterprise WLAN.Guaranteed QoSAPs should provide granular Quality of Service (QoS), and bandwidth management capabilities on a per application, per user or
6 things you should know about enterprise WLANJongmoon Choi ([email protected])
56
6 things you should know about enterprise WLAN | Jongmoon Choi ([email protected])
per SSID basis. QoS in the WLAN is controlled according to the Access Category (CA) policy defined in 802.11e.Detection and protection from harmful trafficAPs should support a function to detect harmful traffic coming from authorized Wi-Fi clients. Wi-Fi clients may make a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack or generate harmful traffic due to virus or worm. Sometimes CTS jamming attack by an unauthorized Wi-Fi device results in WLAN service quality degradation. In such case, AP controllers should provide detailed protection strategies and policies to APs.
4. What AP controller functionalities are essential?Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Point (CAPWAP) is the international standard for AP and AP controller, published by IETF as RFC-5415/5416. Using this protocol, AP controllers can do AP control/management and Wi-Fi client authentication. An AP controller must be able to do:Management of AP group configuration informationIntegrated management of configuration data through grouping APs that provide the same service is one of the most critical features of an AP controller. If we have to access each AP and change their configurations one by one, it would be such a time-consuming hassle. This is why this grouping can be so useful – it groups configuration information in the form of profiles, making it easy to manage them.AP auto configuration & provisioningPlug & Play (PnP), also called auto provisioning, should be supported. According to CAPWAP standards, an AP should access an AP controller, automatically downloads configuration, and apply it to complete provisioning. Of course, AP firmware management should be supported as well.Station authentication and roamingAn AP controller should manage the master key (PMK) passed from AAA (authentication server) after Wi-Fi client authentication process is completed. When a Wi-Fi client is roaming between APs, the client should be able to skip the re-authentication process with the AAA to minimize its roaming time. The AP controller should pass the master key to the new AP, and command it to skip the authentication process with AAA when the roaming client attempts to access the new AP.RF resource control & managementIn case of an AP controller used in an enterprise WLAN with multiple APs, the fact that one AP’s wireless traffic can actually work as an interference signal to its neighbor APs should always be considered. Therefore, to maximize the quality of the entire WLAN service, an AP controller should consider many related factors when selecting Wi-Fi channels of each AP, and should also have a feature that controls APs individually. Some of the most common features that serve such purpose are: auto channel selection, dynamic transmit power control, self-healing or coverage hole
detection and auto-recovery, auto channel switching with interference detection.Load balancing and QoS guaranteeAP-based load balancing, also known as “band steering” or “band preference” function, makes sure AP loads are distributed to every radio interface provided by an AP. AP controller-based load balancing, however, ensures traffic loads are evenly distributed to each AP so that every client is equally served. For even distribution of traffic loads among APs, an AP controller monitors signal strength and quality between AP and Wi-Fi clients. Then when it detects an AP that can better serve one of its Wi-Fi clients, it has the client roam to the new AP.HA clusteringAn AP controller, if designed to concurrently manage multiple APs with certain capacity (e.g. 256 APs all at once), should support High Availability (HA) clustering function.
5. Hidden cost of GUI-based management consoleA GUI-based management console is a kind of EMS/NMS supporting Operation, Administration and Management (OAM) functions for network managers. So, if a network manager wants to configure a certain-sized WLAN, he should first consider the extra cost for deploying a management console in the new enterprise WLAN infra. A management console must have following features:Map-based management of AP and Wi-Fi clientsA management console should support user-friendly map-based location management of AP and Wi-Fi client that can be easily used to check signal strength and service coverage of APs. Also a feature that provides roaming paths of Wi-Fi clients on the map can be very useful.Profile-based configuration managementAs noted above, when managing a good number of APs, hierarchical approaching can be very efficient. For example, a network manager can configure profiles of radio interface, SSID, security/authentication, VLAN and QoS, and apply the profiles to AP groups as needed.Inventory management of AP and Wi-Fi clientsA management console should have a feature for managing a list of APs and Wi-Fi clients information (e.g. user ID, IP address, connection time, authentication status, etc.), preferably with useful functions like column filtering, searching and sorting for easier management of many APs and Wi-Fi clientsAlarm and statistics managementAlarm and statistics features are the most basic features of the management console because network managers can monitor service status by checking alarms and statistics frequently. Not only that, if the diagnostic and alarm features are available to monitor the network connectivity between AP and AP
controller, it can help to detect network failure and respond fast accordingly.Scheduled/unscheduled reportingScheduled/unscheduled reporting is also essential for a management console because it allows network managers to keep track of operation conditions in the WLAN through email and/or SMS notifications sent regularly. More detailed unscheduled reports should be accessible through the management console.DashboardDashboard provides a page that shows the general status of the entire network so that network managers can instantly respond to network issues detected.Wizard functionWizard function helps network managers, even without sufficient knowledge on WLAN, easily configure a complicated enterprise WLAN by following step-by-step instructions.
6. Ready for the IoT eraWLAN technologies have their advantages in that they give you broadband bandwidth and wider service coverage than other competitive technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-wave, etc. But, they also have their disadvantages. They consume too much power, and thus it seems impossible to configure a sensor network where battery-powered IoT devices are directly connected Wi-Fi networks. However, most IoT hub devices are cable-powered, and thus can be easily connected to Wi-Fi interfaces. And using a Wi-Fi network to access the Internet is likely to be considered a very popular option in an IoT service network architecture. Especially, networks like Wi-Fi mesh or bridge that connect Wi-Fi APs will serve as a perfect backbone for IoT because Wi-Fi networks can securely deliver a large volume of traffic at a relatively low cost. Therefore, what an enterprise WLAN solution can do for the IoT would be one of the key factors in selecting a network solution from now on. ClosingThe past 10 or so years witnessed drastic changes in mobile communication – first the release of smartphones, then Wi-Fi technology innovation like 802.11ac, and the advent of the IoT. These changes are now making enterprise WLAN solutions evolve even more, and faster. Enterprise WLAN solutions so far have required AP and AP controller that support the new technology, 802.11ac. But the coming IoT ERA will require new solutions that can easily accommodate, integrate and manage the increasing number of IoT devices
and hubs. n -------------------------------------------------------
About author
Jongmoon Choi R&D Director, Davolink Inc. - [email protected] +82-31-387-3240
57
THE WAY TO SDN THE WAY YOU WANT
Open Source Project Carrier Grade SDN Controller
White Box SDN RoutingWhite Box SDN Routing Cloud Networking OSCloud Networking OS
• Transforms white-box switches to powerful routers
• Supports aggregation of N-devices under a single management entity
• Programmable Network interface
• Seamless integration with any legacy devices and protocols
• Dynamic provisioning of virtual router
• Openstack plugin support
The networking world is fast moving to an era of white-box networking. Unlike other white-box solutions, PRISM is completely vendor inde-pendent and can be installed out of box on any Linux distribution running on COTS hardware. Users can sim-ply select any number of white-box switches anywhere on the network and provision them as a single entity with high switching performance. It provides game-changing flexibility of creating on-demand routing and for-warding entities with open interfaces for use across data-centers, enter-prise, campus or home networks.
Our Solution : Our Solution :
BEEM controller is based on Open MUL. It is an optimized SDN con-troller, operates in a mixed environment against OpenFlow 1.3.x and 1.0-compliant devices simultaneously. It can further be extended to support any south-bound protocol using a highly flexible adaptation layer. Provides various SDN novelties like fabric circuits, topology and device discovery, loop-less routing, service chaining and many more!!
Unlike most of the other SDN controllers, BEEM is implemented in C programming language, hence, closer to iron and able to squeeze more out of the same hardware. BEEM is able to deliver best in class performance in terms of throughput and latency of flow download rates. It is designed for high performance and reliability which is the need of the hour for deployment in mission-critical networks.
KulCloud Inc. | Address : A-501 Innovalley, 253 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea | MailTo : [email protected] | Homepage : www.kulcloud.com
For the various application needs, BEEM provides three kinds of APIs that enable network applications to be deployed on top of the net-work abstraction. The 'C' language bindings can be used for perfor-mance and latency sensitive apps. Python bindings can be utilized for fast app development while RESTful APIs can be used by web apps.
BEEM supports carrier grade resiliency as multiple controller nodes can be deployed in a hot/warm cluster configuration for high avail-ability. Controller nodes fail over to another controller instance in the event of any system problems, hence, preserving existing configu-ration, re-establishing the network and provisioning new configura-tion seamlessly. It can be deployed in active-active, active-standby as well as cluster configuration.
Features
High Performance
Powerful Resiliency
Flexible API
SDN CONTROLLER
• SDN based Hyperscale cloud networking
• Loop free multi-tenant on-demand L2 network
• High performance switching with white-box switches
• Fast-fail over(Sub-second)
• Advanced BUM suppression
• Openstack plugin support
FABOS, Intra Data-Center fabric solu-tion, provides "real”zero-touch capa-bility with single management plane. It supports high performnace and stability with BUM(Broadcast and un-known multicast) suppression, fast fail-over and HA(High Availability). For the management of cloud network-ing, it provides scalable multi-tenancy with network virtualization, advanced traffic steering for L4-L7 and dynamic default gateway insertion for flexible inter connection with external net-work. It integrates with OpenStack us-ing Neutron plugins.
LTE inherently requires small cells for its high performance, typically needed in dense urban areas or traffic centers. Small cells are a cost effective way for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to improve the coverage and data capacity for their mobile services. An issue with small cells, however, would be connecting the small cells back into the network. Most areas in need of small cells are metropolitan or hot spot zones which require a large number of small cells to cover the whole area costing high. Furthermore, data transport through CPRI or OBSAI is no longer enough to cover today’s advanced traffic bandwidth (LTE-A).For this reason, DASAN Network Solutions introduced Midhaul solution, an effective way of combining small cells and legacy macro cells with WDM-PON.WDM-PON technology is supported by DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT providing a cost effective method to expand networks and higher bandwidth. It removes traffic bottle-neck during data aggregation at base stations with the use of fiber.Reusing the existing PON network with close connectivity between macro and small cells also helps MNOs reduce CAPEX and implement smooth upgrades. More importantly, DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT delivers different types of services using multiple wavelengths on a single fiber carrying Mobile network (CPRI with a Point-to-Point WDM), FTTx (Gigabit Ethernet with a PON), as well as Wi-Fi network.
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are looking for new solutions that help reduce cost, simplify networks and share resources. DASAN Network Solutions’ fronthaul solutions are based on Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) architecture, where a “Cloud BBU(Base-Band Unit)” is shared by various stations, improving CAPEX and OPEX, while also enabling mobile traffic offloads from small cells to the mobile core network. As more subscribers demand higher bandwidth, fronthaul solutions have become essential in delivering data smoothly.
DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT aggregates CPRI traffic from LTE RU (Radio Unit), transfers to LTE BBU (Base Band Unit), which delivers small cell offloading traffic to the mobile core. Moreover, the mixture of macro cell and small cell solutions require a product with low latency and high capacity covering legacy fiber infra-network. DASAN Network Solutions’ NG-PON2 OLT can release the bottle-neck points on aggregation networks using ODN (Optical Distribution Network) while reducing CAPEX and OPEX. DASAN Network Solutions’ WDM solution is a verified solution among Korean mobile operators, with a strong point of having small footprint.
Midhaul Solution for Small Cell Backhaul Fronthaul Solution
NG-PON2 for Mobile Network
■ CO : Central O�ce■ RT : Remote Terminal■ eNB : eNodeB■ WDM : Wavelength Division Multiplexing■ CPRI : Common Public Radio Interface■ GE : Gigabit Ethernet■ TWDM-PON : Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks■ BBU Pool : Base Band Unit Pool■ S-G/W : Serving Gateway■ ePDG : Enhanced Packet Data Gateway
Mobile Network(Trust)
Splitter
Splitter Small Cell
Small Cell Wi-Fi
CPRICPRI
Splitter
CO RTNG-PON2 OLT
TWDM-PON TWDM-PON
TWDM-PON
GE/10GE
GE/10GE
GE/10GE
GE/10GE
GE/10GE
CPRI
Broadband(Untrust)
RT RT
RTRTRT
RT
RT
RT
WDM
Backhaul
Midhaul
λn λn-1
λ4
λ3
λ2λ1
Fronthaul
Fronthaul networkBackhaul networkMidhaul network
About DASAN Network SolutionsDASAN Network Solutions is a leading global network solutions provider that established end-to-end capabilities across the Carrier and Enterprise markets. The main solutions are Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), Mobile Backhaul, Ethernet Switch and Wi-Fi solutions. As a main supplier to KT, SK broadband and LG U+, DASAN Network Solutions has been continuously expanding global business followed by the company’s success in Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam.
For more information, visit DASAN Networks on http://dasannetworks.com/en.
eNB
eNBeNB
RTRTRT
BBU POOI
ePDG
S-G/W
Asia
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Offering an unprecedented opportunity to hear howAsian operators are rolling out some of the largestWi-Fi deployments in the world and what the nextsteps will be
www.carrierwifiasia.com
Putting the spotlight on small cell deployments casestudies, technical development, unique deploymentscenarios and strategies, and monetizing small cellsthrough location based services and applications. Inexclusive partnership with the Small Cell Forum.
www.smallcellsasia.com
Putting the spotlight on small cell deployments casestudies, technical development, unique deploymentscenarios and strategies, and monetizing small cellsthrough location based services and applications. Inexclusive partnership with the Small Cell Forum.
Headquarter2F, Namyeong Building730-13, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-921,Korea
Branch Office3832 NE 88th StreetSeattle, WA 98115USA
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Research and Consulting Scope of Netmanias
We design the Future
We design the Future
We design the Future
About Netmanias (www.netmanias.com)NMC Consulting Group (Netmanias) is an advanced and professional network consulting company, specializing in IP network areas (e.g., FTTH, Metro Ethernet and IP/MPLS), service areas (e.g., IPTV, IMS and CDN), and wireless network areas (e.g., Mobile WiMAX, LTE and Wi-Fi) since 2002.