KOREA [2013 VOL.9 No.06]

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Publisher Woo Jin-Yung, Korean Culture and Inormation Serv

Executive Producer Suh Jeong-sun

E-mail [email protected]

Magazine Production Seoul Selection

Editor-in-ChiefRobert Koehler

Producer Ko Yeon-kyung

Editorial Advisors Jang Woojung, Hu Young Sup

Copy Editors Daisy Larios, Hwang Chi-young

Creative Director Jung Hyun-young

Head Designer Lee Bokhyun

PhotographyRyu Seunghoo, Robert Koehler, RAUM Studio

Printing LEEFFECT

All rights reserved. No part o this publication may be reprodu

any orm without permission rom KOREA and the Korean CultuInormation Service.

I you want to receive a ree copy oKOREAor wish to cancel a

please e-mail us. A downloadable PDF fle oKOREAand a map

with common Korean words appearing in our text are available

the thumbnail oKOREA on the homepage o www.korea.net.

11-1110073-000016-06

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CONTENTSJUNE 2013 VOL.9 NO.6

14 PEN & BRUSHSketch artist Kim Young-taek

18 PEOPLECybersecurity expert Lee Young

20 TRAVELBusan

24 SPORTSRhythmic gymnast Son Yeon-jae

26 ENTERTAINMENTCho Yong-pil is back on top

28 SPECIAL ISSUE

The National Happiness Fund

30 CURRENT KOREASafe Seoul, safe women

32 SUMMIT DIPLOMACY

Park Geun-hye bolsters ties with US

36 POLICY REVIEWStrategy Ministry gearing up to design creative economy

38 CREATIVE TECHNOLOGYOndol goes stateside / LED Plant Factory

40 GLOBAL KOREACaritas Korea: lending a hand for two decades

42 GREAT KOREANJeong Do-jeon

44 MY KOREAK-pop dancing

46 MULTICULTURAL KOREAEntertainer Sam Hammington

48 TALES FROM KOREAMore than just a bird

50 FLAVORMiljeonbyeong, the underrated summer snack

Restoration of historic gate an opportunity to promote

preservation of heritage and national unity

C O V E R S T O R Y04

SUNGNYEMUN GATE REOPENS

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SUNGNYEMUN GATE

REOPENSRestoration of historic gate an opportunity to promotepreservation of heritage and national unity

Written by Cho In-Souk (ISCARSAH, ICOMOS Korea)

V E R S T O R Y

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V E R S T O R Y

1398

1448

1479

1907

1934

1950

1961

1962

1963

2005

2006

2008

2010

2013

Gates wooden pavilion is greatly damaged in an arson attack

A trafc island since 1907, Sungnyemun is reunited

with the public when it is surrounded by a new plaza

Restoration work complete

Public allowed to pass through the gates arched entrance

Restoration construction begins

Restoration work complete

Sungnymun Gate completed

Remodeled during the 30th year o the reign o King Sejong

Repaired during the 10th year o the reign o King Seongjong

Japanese colonial authorities designate Sungnyemun Koreas treasure No. 1

Sungnyemun is greatly damaged during the Korean War

Authorities begin work to disassemble gate to repair war damage

Korean government designated Sungnyemun National Treasure No. 1

Japanese demolish Sungnyemuns surrounding ortress walls to make way or tram an

trafc. Gate turned into a trafc island. Japanese also ban public rom entering the ga

ungnyemuns new signboard is unveiled.

Sungnyemun GateNational reasure No. 1was nally reopened aer a long and

highly anticipated restoration process that ollowed the arson attack o February

10, 2008. Signiying a new era, the May 4, 2013 ceremony to mark the restoration

attended by President Park Geun-hye herselwas a place o public reconciliation. Aer

sending the misortunes o the past to the heavens and inorming the heavens o the

completion o the restoration, participants opened the newly restored gate as both a marker

o a new beginning and a space o communication.

Aer Park opened the gate, a procession o about 500 participants accompanied to

Sungnyemun Plaza a Joseon Dynasty palanquin laden with a box o hope containing

messages o hope written by Koreas citizenry. On the same day at Gwanghwamun Square,

a ceremony was held to pray that all would be well ollowing Sungnyemuns restoration;

included in the ceremony was a shamanist dance, a binari that symbolized the themes o the

dayhealing and mutual benet. Aer the perormance, perormers and citizens gathered

together to sing the our major variants o the Korean olk song Arirang, which was registered

on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage o Humanity list on December 6, 2012.

Also present at the completion ceremony were those who participated in the actual

restoration, alongside volunteers, donors, event ocials, and many citizens, including

multicultural amilies, North Korean deectors and their amilies, and children and teens

rom disadvantaged amilies.

Te international press took great interest in the restoration eort, too, with about 20

major news services including AP, Reuters, AFP, Xinhua and the Mainichi Shimbunrunning

big stories on the restoration. Te international press highlighted the signicance o the

restoration, citing President Park in her address as she stressed the pride o the people

and opening the door to new hope and a new age. Tey noted not only that the gate was

restored using traditional materials and techniques, but also that the restoration proved an

opportunity to strengthen disaster prevention systems.

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V E R S T O R Y

istory o Sungnyemun

Hanyang Fortress, the city wall that surrounded the royal

apital o Seoul throughout the Joseon Dynasty (13921910),

as 18.7 km long and integrated into the citys topography.

ntry gates were built at major sections o the wall to the east,

est, south, and north. Geographically speaking, Sungnyemun

as not exactly due south, but it was nonetheless the gate that

ymbolized the southerly direction.

Since Sungnyemun was the southern entrance to the royal

apital, it is sometimes called Namdaemun, or the Great

outh Gate. Judging rom historical records, it seems the term

Namdaemun may have come into common usage by at least

he late 14th century. In 1933, the Japanese colonial authority

esignated the gate a national treasure under the name

Namdaemun rather than Sungnyemun; this does not mean the

apanese changed the name, but rather that people used the

rms interchangeably.

Sungnyemun was built with an arch entrance in the center

the stonework base, and above that was built a multistory

avilion. Te wooden pavilion is ve kan wide and two

an deep (a kan is the distance between two columns) and

overed by a hipped roo. Te pillar arrangement makes it so

hat the lower and upper foors o the pavilion are essentially

ne structure. Prior to the 2008 re, it was the oldest wooden

ructure in the city o Seoul.

Te name o the gate came rom the word ye (Chinese:

li), meaning etiquette, one o the ve virtues o neo-

Conucianismthe political, academic, and ethical basis o the

Joseon Dynasty. Yecorresponds to the south, and according to

the Five Elements that orm the basis o Eastern philosophy,

it also corresponds with re. Te Joseon Dynasty espoused a

healthy society through the keeping o good manners, orye, in

accordance with neo-Conucianism.

Te signboard o the gate is also written vertically, unlike the

signboards o other gates. Tere are several theories behind this.

One is that since, according to eng shui theory, Mt. Gwanaksan

physically resembles re, Sungnyemuni written vertically

could protect the gate and the royal capital rom the mountains

re energy by ghting re with re. Another theory holds that it

was written vertically thanks to a line in theAnalects of Confucius

that reads that a person stands up through etiquette (ye).

Various Functions o Sungnyemun

Sungnyemun has played many unctions throughout history.

According to records, it controlled trac in and out o thecapital through the ringing o a bell that would alert all to the

opening and closing o the gates. According to theAnnals of the

Joseon Dynasty, the bell o Heungcheonsa emple was moved to

the gate in the seventh year o King Sejong. Te bell was usually

struck 28 times at around 10pm to mark the closing o the gate.

At 4am, it was rung 33 times to announce the opening o the

gates. It was also used as a place where people prayed either or

the end o the monsoon rains or, in the case o drought, or the

coming o rains.

It was also used as a place to announce major government

policies. Criminals were executed here, too, with the king

directly adjudicating. It was also a bastion that protected Seoul

in times o war.

Sungnyemun was rst completed in 1398; it was repaired in

the middle o the 15th century, and in 1860 its pavilion was

repaired. Its role as Seoul's main gate came to an end in 1907,

when parts o its surrounding wall were demolished to allow

trams and cars to pass. In 1952, it underwent repairs to x

damage rom the Korean War, and in 19611963, it underwent

a ull-scale disassembly and restoration. During the restoration,

it was named National reasure No. 1 as the oldest wooden

structure in Seoul. On Feb 10, 2008, not even two years aer

the gate was opened to the general public, it ell victim to an

arson attack90% o the top foor o the pavilion and 10% o

the lower foor were destroyed. Despite the damage, experts elt

that the gate should maintain its No. 1 status since the masonrywas ne, the rst foor was still 90% intact and the repairs

would require just xing the damage, not rebuilding something

that had been completely lost. Te ridgebeam raising ceremony

was held on Mar 8, 2012, and the restoration was completed on

Apr 30, 2013about ve months behind schedule.

Te gate was nally unveiled to the general public on May 4,

2013.

Advanced Cultural Heritage Protectand Restoration Technology

Te restoration o the gate was a major national projec

took ve years, two months, and 20 days: this include

months o coping with the damage, a year and seven m

o preparation, and about three years o construction.

restoration cost about KRW 27.7 billion and demande

the participation o about 35,000 people, including 3,9

woodworkers and 284 to make the roo tiles. Some 26

wood were used, as well as 23,369 roo tiles, 1,332 kg o

colorings or the paint, and a great deal o granite.

Dealing with the Disaster

Te rst thing that was done was categorize the major

damaged sections at the scene. o do this, a radio-req

identication (RFID) system was employed. Te syste

axes an RFID tag to damaged sections; the tag inclu

name o the part, how badly it was burned, and its loca

A handheld reader can be used to access the tag inormAer emergency preservation and stabilization measu

taken, the damaged parts were taken to a storage acil

grounds o Gyeongbokgung Palace and work on the b

or restoration began.

Restoration Preparation

Primary and secondary excavations were undertaken.

S un gn ye mun G ate in 1 96 3 S eo ul M us eum o His to ry S un gn ye mun G ate p rior to the 2 00 8 re S un gn ye mun G ate immed ia te ly a ter the 2 00 8 re Sungnyemun Gate today, with restored ortress walls

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V E R S T O R Y

0

xcavations revealed the spots o late-Joseon Dynasty stone

oads to the ront and rear o Sungnyemun, the location o

uildings rom several eras, and the oundation o the ortress

walls that fanked the gate to the east and west.

Much eort went into nding the wood or the

econstruction. rees rom the thick orests o Jungyeong

omb in Samcheok were elled or the taskthe orests o

the tomb, that o an ancestor o the ounder o the Joseon

Dynasty, were also used in the 19th-century reconstruction o

Gyeongbokgung Palace. Te pines were fown by helicopter to

Seoul, where they were stored at Gyeongbokgung Palace.

Preparatory construction was undertaken, and research and

preservation measures were taken on the damaged sections o

the gate.

Plans to restore the gate and rebuild the ortress wall were

completed, then historical research and studies on ironworking,

painting, and disaster prevention were carried out. All the

preparations were video recorded.

Restoration Construction

Firstly, the remaining pavilion was disassembled and minute

research conducted. Meanwhile, on the southeast part o the

restoration site, a traditional orge was set up so experiments

could be made with the traditional metalworking process.

Masons laid the granite mined rom the mountains using

traditional tools to repair the gates stone oundation and

rebuild the fanking walls. Woodcutters used traditional tools

to process the wood or restoring the wooden pavilion. Roo

tiles craed by traditional crasmen and baked in a traditional

kiln were put in place using traditional tools. raditional

paints and traditional glues were used, and parts were given

a protective coating o tung oil to ward o moisture. Fire and

disaster prevention systems were installed and the surrounding

area was prepared.

Mass Participation o Human NationalTreasures

Te writing on the signboard, which was quickly rescued rom

the gate at the time o the re, was restored using rubbings

stored at Jideoksa, a shrine where the memorial tablets o King

aejongs eldest son Yi Je and his wie are kept.

Te traditional manner o craing palace signboards was

recreated to restore the gates signboarda pine board was

covered in black lacquer, and the letters engraved in relie and

painted with white rice powder.

O particular note is that masters o Koreas intangible

cultural properties were mobilized en masse or the restoration.

Masters such as woodcutter Shin Eung-su, mason Lee Jae-

sun, painter Hong Chang-won, tile crasman Han Hyeong-

jun, rooer Lee Geun-bok, blacksmith Sin In-yeong, and

woodcutters Mun Gi-hyeon and Sin Jae-sun, as well as their

apprentices, put orth all their eort during the renovation.

Master woodcutter Shin Eung-su, who was in charge o

restoring the gate's wooden superstructure, said, I gave my all

during the restoration o Sungnyemun Gate. It would be good

i the public used the restoration o Sungnyemun Gate, which

met with a disastrous re, as an opportunity to pour interest

and love into our cultural heritage with a sense o ownership.

Shin insisted on using as much o the existing wood as possible;

or the remainder, he ound locally produced pine over 100

years o age, ashioning it by hand using traditional methods.

He considers strong red pine the best material; or the main

pillars o the superstructure, he used pine over 300 years old.

Where it would not present any saety problems, he le wood

scorched rom the re as a reminder. On the pillars on the

upper foor, he mixed the existing wood with new wood.

Shin also participated in the 1962 repair o the gate, learning

under some o the greatest masters o the age. Now, he

master teaching a new generation o woodcutters.

Mason Lee Ui-sang said he elt it rewarding to contr

the restoration using traditional methods. I was at a l

they rst said theyd restore Sungnyemun with traditio

methods, he said, because the traditional tools used

masons all disappeared in the mid-1970s. I had no ch

to travel the country to purchase old tools to do the wo

said he elt better about the restoration o the gate than

about anything in his 55 years as a mason. Fellow mas

Jae-sun noted that because they used stone mined rom

ground rather than exposed stone, it would last longer

appreciated the chance to learn the wisdom o the cra

old when the gate was taken apart or the restoration.

Use o 3D Laser Scan Technology

During the entire restoration process, the Cultural Herit

Administration maintained an advisory team o experts

1. The signboard o Sungnyemun is written vertically. 2. Painting on ceiling o portal 3. Figure on roo o gate, used to ward o evil spirits 4. CCTV 5. Colorul roo eaves

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2

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2

3

Woodcutter Shin Eung-su 2. Producing metalwork the traditional way

Workers place roo tiles on Sungnyemun Gate

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V E R S T O R Y

versaw everything directly. It maintained several basic principles:

hat original materials be used as much as possible; that the gate

ection be restored to how it appeared prior to the re; and that

he city walls that fanked the gate prior to their destruction in

he early 20th century

e rebuilt as much as

ossible.

Advanced 3D laser

can technology was

mployed during the

estoration; in act, since

here was 3D scan dating

rom 2002, it could be

eerenced along with

he manual blueprints.

Te 1,916 days o the restoration were video recorded and

urned into an archive to be stored as national records. Tis

s a modern take on the documentary drawings o the Joseon

Dynasty, during which all major events overseen by the royal

ourt were drawn, recorded, and archived.

Symbolic Meaning: Communication withthe Public

Te registration number o a National reasure refects its

rder o designation. In other words, the rst National reasure

ver designated was Sungnyemun Gate. Tat the gate is

National reasure No. 1, however, also refects the publics love

or the historic gate, a Seoul icon. Its a love that is much more

ignicant than the expert discriptions o the architectural

minutiae o the gate.

Accordingly, the restoration o Sungnyemun signies

communication with the public and, more than the restoration

o a piece o architectural heritage, an opportunity to restore

pride in Koreas cultural

heritage. Tis can be seen

rom the act that about

20,000 people visited the gate

within a day o its opening

to the public. o reward the

publics wishes, the gate is

open to the public 9am to

6pm, uesday to Sunday; on

Saturday and Sunday, the

wood pavilion is open or

viewing three times a day or the rst 20 visitors.

Restoring the Gate to its Original Condition

Te restored gate is not exactly as it was prior to the re

the ortress walls, demolished in the early 20th century, were

rebuilt, and the width o the steps and height o the ground

were changed. Some 16 m o wall were added to the west o the

gate and 53 m o wall to the southeast o the gate, the eastern

stairs were lengthened rom 2.9 m to 5 m, and the ground

was lowered some 3050 cm to where it was in the late Joseon

Dynasty. Other changes were made to return the gate to its pre-

1960s condition, including lengthening the roo line by 1.1 m

and changing the foor on the rst level o the pavilion rom

a checkered foor to one made o long planks. Te number o

1

japsangstatues on the roo were reduced rom eight to seven.Japsangare sta

animals and people placed on the roo o a palace building or gate to ward o

spirits. Worth noting is that all the roo tiles were replaced with ones baked

Eorts were made to restore the painting on the ceiling o the arch entrance t

was in the early Joseon Dynasty.

Te most important new additions to the gate post-restoration are its disa

prevention acilities. o prevent man-made disasters, intrusion detection sen

alerts, and a direct hotline to the re department were added. o deal with r

internal sprinkler system has been installed, and re hydrants and hoses hav

added outside the gate. Heat and fame sensors and 18 CCV cameras have

installed to allow respondents to cope with disasters early. Fire-resistant mat

been added to the roo construction so that it can resist temperatures o over

degrees Celsius or more than 10 minutes. Lightning rods and conductors ha

been installed at critical junctures, and a disaster prevention oce was built.

Lighting acilities have also been strengthened. About 90 landscape lights h

been added around the gate and its surrounding wall, while 75 LED lights b

the wooden pavilion, archway and upper parts o the wall. With the Cultura

Administration taking charge o the gate, guards are now posted ull-time.

1. 3D data used to determine Sungnyemuns

structural soundness

2. Opening ceremony o Sungnyemun Gate, attended

by President Park Geun-hye

3. President Park and citizens at the gates opening

ceremony

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N & B R U S H

Embarking on a new career at the age o almost 50 is not a venture or the aint o heartmany people

already have retirement in their sights by this point. For designer Kim Young-taek, however, middle

age was an opportunity to take up a pen and draw a new chapter in Korean art.

It was at the Louvre, in Paris, in 1994, says Kim. I noticed that the museum shop was selling lots o

merchandise with images o Paris and its various monuments. It struck me that there was a lot o potential or

sing this technique to represent Koreas own cultural heritage. Nineteen years later, Kim has single-handedly

ioneered a pen drawing technique that uses elements o Korean artistic tradition with the Western pen

rawing style used so prolically until the advent o cheap photograph printing technology.

Master Forger

Kims studio, located just meters rom Jogyesa emple in central Seoul, is ull o pens, ink, drawings, books,

raditional objects collected over the years, a ticking wall clock, and an improbablyobsessivelylarge

MIGHTIER THANTHE BRUSH?Artist Kim Young-taek uses the pen, and a uniqueperspective, to draw a genre all his own

Written by Ben Jackson

number o cameras or somebody who is not a proessional photographer. Kim h

sits at a low table pouring hwangcha (partially ermented yellow tea).

I started drawing as a young kid, he says. I orged banknotesI would give

to the local shopkeeper and he would accept them. Ten Id say, ake another l

hed look closer and see what Id done. Hed say, Wow, youre great. But when m

ound out, the rst thing he did was whack me. He told me what a bad thing or

and how much trouble I could get into or it.

In middle school, I wanted to be an architect. I would draw plans or buildin

many middle school kids do that kind o thing? I think its a sign that Heaven w

me to draw.

From Designer to Artist

Kim initially pursued a career as a graphic designer. He designed the SF-250, o

Samsungs rst digital cameras. But design is part o marketing. Its not art, he

Tus it was that Kim began devoting himsel to pen drawings, gradually deve

a distinctive technique that eventually saw his work serialized in a succession o

increasingly well-known publications. Tis culminated in a 10-year project wit

JoongAng Ilbo, during which Kim turned out some 250 drawings o various ico

Korean andor the last three yearsinternational heritage sites. Instantly rec

or their elaborate use o ne black lines to depict a variety o buildings in natu

manmade surroundings, Kims pictures have been chosen by a variety o indivi

organizations to represent Korean culture. Large images o his works are eatur

Korean Air arrivals lounge at Incheon International Airport to greet those ente

country, and he has also been invited to spend time at two major Buddhist temp

order to produce 12 calendar drawings or each.1. Kim Young-taek at work

2. Kim Young-taek at his desk

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N & B R U S H

The Kim Young-taek Genre

Te pen drawing was used extensively in the West beore the printing o photographs bec

possible. Its strict use o perspective, however, is a eature not ound in Kims work. I you

pinhole camera image, it will show perect perspective, he says. But the human eye doesn

things that way. It emphasizes and corrects the things it wants to, via the brain. A classic ex

is a building: the camera will make its sides appear to converge inwards as it rises, but the h

eye corrects this. Tis is what I do in my drawings. Te sides o buildings rise perpendicul

horizon, as the eye sees them, while I accentuate the certain eatures that make a bigger im

on human viewers. Tis technique was christened the Kim Young-taek genre by one im

Japanese observer. In act, the step that this technique makes away rom strict, Western-st

perspective also appears to be one (albeit small) step towards the East Asian technique o d

rom the minds eye rather than attempting to make an exact copy rom observing a model

Dramatic rocky mountainsides in backgrounds are enlarged in some o Kims pictures; in

the distance between buildings in the oreground and background is decreased. Obstructive

branches are pruned back; oensive telephone booths eliminated. Byeongsan Seowons beaMandaeru Pavilion stretches rom le to right without the usual buildings to intervene in th

oreground.

Qi and a Former Lie

echnique is only part o being an artist, muses Kim. o be one o the very best, you need

qi. Im not an expert on it, but people who specialize in qi say that you can eel it in my pictur

eatures such as rocks and mountains. In act, Im 100% vegetarian. I deliberately keep my bo

state o purity in order to allow the qi o my subjects to fow properly into my works.

Te qi that fows through Kim and into his works appears not to be conned to this lie,

Kim believes he was led to his current position because o a previous incarnation as the V

Yuseong, one o the 18th-century monks who painted the large and highly elaborate palsa

Buddhist painting in Yeongsanjeon Hall at ongdosa emple. Tis belie is based on an ob

by a monk at ongdosa, where Kim stayed or a year and a hal in 200203 while completin

pictures or a calendar. Perhaps some o my worldly ambition in this lie comes rom the l

chance to ulll it in my previous lie as a monk, he laughs.

Japan and Beyond

Japanese people really like my pictures, says Kim. Its partly because o their elaborate qu

but also because Ive restored several o Japans major historic buildings through drawing. reconstruction o damaged, lost, or altered buildings based on historical records is another

specialties. He has done this with the wooden pagoda at Horyuji emple and the Daibutsud

Buddha Hall) at odaiji emple, and also has plans to depict the rock garden at Ryoanji e

mentions the names o several extremely infuential Japanese gures in possession o his w

Aer Japan, the wider world beckons. Ill have to draw several pictures o major sites in

country beore exhibiting there, says Kim. But I hope to have an exhibit in Europe soon, t

I his pen name, Neul-saemmeaning constantly fowing streamis anything to go by

Kims inkwell nor his stream o ideas looks set to run dry in the near uture.

6

1

2

1. Muryangsujeon Hall and Anyangnu

Pavilion, Buseoksa Temple

2. Dabotap Pagoda o Bulguksa Temple

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MOR

www.ter

8

E O P L E

Korea is well-known or its world-leading

telecommunications inrastructure and lightning-

ast Internet speeds. But the countrys soware

industry has ailed to gain the same reputationsome liken

the situation to a network o wonderully maintained, state-

o-the-art highways plied by horse-drawn carts. Until now.

Multiple award-winning soware company eruten

is ar rom horse-drawn. In act, the brains behind the

operation in the 20th-foor oce in southwestern Seouls

Guro-dong belong to wie-and-husband team Lee Young

and Yun Seok-gu, both o whom graduated rom the Korea

Advanced Institute o Science and echnology (KAIS).

Established in 2000, eruten is growing a very sound

reputation or its expertise in digital rights management

(DRM), data loss prevention (DLP), and secure content

delivery and management.

Intelligent Targets

A ew years ago, the PC was just about the only intelligent

device connected to the Internet, says Lee. But now

there are many connected smart devices, even things

such as portable credit card payment devices. All o

these require protection, as they constantly transmit

and receive condential data. erutens strength lies in

creating soware to prevent hackers rom getting hold o

this inormation: one o its specialties, in particular, is the

blocking o illicit screen capture programs that secretly

capture data. Te company name is originally a ibetan

word that reers to mythical uture beings who will come

and save humanity.

Lees background is in cryptography. She was the rst

woman to complete a PhD in the subject at KAIS. Yun,

meanwhile, majored in soware engineering. Teir orward

thinking has meant that eruten, in its early days, was

somewhat ahead o the times. We had a really ast network

when I was at KAIS, says Lee. I thought this kind o thing

would be widely available in various countries in just a ew

years time. But its taken longer than that.

Award-Winning Portolio

erutens rst major soware release came in the orm

o WebCube, designed to prevent the illegal copyi

text, images, video, and other content rom PC-ba

browsers. WebCube won a prestigious national m

technology award in 2008. eruten ound a suitab

or it in the orm o educational soware compan

WebCube was ollowed by CaptureWall, a piece

soware or mobile devices such as smartphones a

PCs that can disable screen capture keys, block rem

control and screen capture applications installed se

hackers, detect OS rooting and jailbreaks, and prev

establishment o illegal connections through USB a

channels. CaptureWall won the same national mult

award in 2012 that WebCube scooped up in 2008.

MAM (mobile application management), mean

an integrated application security solution that co

the unctions o CaptureWall with -Keeper, sow

that prevents illegal alteration and reverse analysi

applications, and -Monitor, which allows remote

o SD memory data, remote wipeout, remote lock

creation o device user logs, and other unctions. M

the potential to be used in mobile oce systems, m

nance, mobile entertainment, and mobile e-learn

company's product lineup also includes a variety o

data security solutions.

Government Security

eruten has also worked with the Korean governm

provide cybersecurity, or example in the orm o

issued to agents arranging the movements o VIP

hotels and conerence venues at international sum

included a special unction to allow remote wipeo

agents handsets i lost or stolen, says Lee. Te ex

data can be totally destroyed using rewriting techn

erutens strength lies in the act that its sowareat a deep level within computer systems. Te dee

you go, the more potential there is to create sow

that is compatible with every application, says Le

need two things to get this right: very high stabilit

very skilled engineers to design the soware, beca

something goes wrong at that level it messes up th

system rather than just the application in use at th

SECURING YOUR DATALee Young o digital rights protection company eruten is helping makecyberspace a saer place

Written by Ben Jackson

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Written by Robert Koehler

With one oot in the past and the other in the uture,Koreas city by the sea pulsates with energy

BUSAN Built around a deep natural harbor at the very southeast corner o the Korean P

Busan is not only Koreas second biggest city but also one o its most picturesq

Little more than a shing village at the start o the 20th century, Busans ne n

harbor has turned the city into an international trading hubit is Koreas busiest port,

h busiest in the world. Like the other Pacic ports o San Francisco and Vladivostok,

city o emerald sea and verdant hills. Te portand the trac it bringshas given the

o 3.6 million people a distinctly international vibe that contrasts with a still-readily-app

provincial charm. In summer, the sailors and traders are joined by hordes o vacationer

Seoul and elsewhere who come to enjoy the citys amous beaches and exciting nightli

Colorul homes o Gamche

0

R A V E L

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4

Old Busan

Most visitors begin their exploration o the city in Nampo-

ong, the historic waterront area. Here youll nd busy

markets, old colonial-era oces and warehouses, colorul

lleyways, scenic parks, and a distinctive urban cacophony that

ontrasts with Seouls more ordered streets.

Busans answer to Seouls Namsan Park, Yongdusan Park

ers great views o the city when the weather is good. Te best

anoramas can be enjoyed rom the observatory o the 129 m

usan ower, one o the citys best-known landmarks.

o the south o Yongdusan Park and right on the waterront is

agalchi Market, Koreas most amous sh market. Re sponsible

or up to 50% o Koreas seaood distribution, Jagalchi bustles

rom the predawn hours to late at night. Youll nd tons o raw

sh restaurants on the second foor.o the west o Yongdusan Park is Gukje (International)

Market. Founded by Korean War reugees in 1950, the market

s now one o Koreas largest outdoor markets. Its not only a

ood place to purchase a wide range o items on the cheap but

lso a good place to score good Korean street ood likegimbap

nd noodles. Another popular street ood in Busan is eomuk,

r boiled sh cakes. Tis snack is ound at stalls throughout

Korea, but Busans is by ar the most amous.

Also near Gukje Market is BIFF Square, a tribute to the citys

signature Busan International Film Festival. Look or the star

handprints in the asphalt. Just north o Gukje Market is Bosu-

dong Used Book Alley. As the name would suggest, its an

alleyway lined with used bookshops; youll nd Korean and

oreign language titles here, including plenty o hidden gems.

More recently, quaint coee shops have been setting up in the

alley, adding to its romantic allure.

Busans Santorini

On the hills west o the old downtown is the historic

neighborhood o Gamcheon Culture Village, a shantytown

ounded during the Korean War by reugees feeing the ghting.

Tanks to its topography and picturesque cityscape, theneighborhood is oen likened to Santorini and Machu Picchu;

a much more apt comparison would be Rio de Janeiros avelas.

Photographers have been descending on the place or years

(a phenomenon not entirely welcomed by the residents), and

several years back, proessional artists joined hands with local

residents to beautiy the already pretty community with public

art. Some o the empty houses were turned into galleries, coee

R A V E L

2

shops, and other cultural acilities, too.

You could spend a whole day wandering about Gamcheon Culture Village;

many in act do. Pick up a map/guide at the Gamnae Community Center, an

old public bathhouse renovated or use as an ino center, gallery, and classroom

(tip: some o the best views o the village can be enjoyed rom its roo).

The Korean Riviera

I Gamcheon-dong represents Busans past, the Haeundae district represents

the citys uture. Its here youll nd Koreas most amous beaches, some o its

best nightlie, and its most awe-inspiring skyline.

A 1.5-km-long stretch o white sand running along Busans eastern coastline,

Haeundae Beach is the Korean version o Floridas Miami Beach. Come

here during the summer vacation period, and youll nd a wall o revelers

stretching the entire length o the beachseen rom above, it looks like a sea o

parasols. Running behind the beach is a strip o luxury hotels and apartments,

restaurants, and bars. Another nearby strip o beach and nighttime un is

Gwangalli Beach, which looks out on the landmark Gwangan Bridge.

One o the more pleasant walking spots in the Haeundae area isDongbaekseom Island, which oers great views o the ocean and the skyline o

Marine City, a cluster o highrise apartments and condos that brings to mind

Dubai. Another Dongbaekseom site is the spaceship-shaped Nurimaru House,

the seaside venue o the 2005 APEC summit. Good views combine with ne

dining at the nearby Westin Chosun Busan Hotel. For even better views o

the skyline, though, head to Suyeongman Marina or a jaw-dropping view

o Haeundae IPark, a uturistic 72-story condo designed by world-amous

architect Daniel Libeskindthe views are most sublime at sunrise and sunset.

Dining & Nightlife

Busan is rightully

amous or its seaood

the best place to score it

is the sprawling Jagalchi

Market. Another popular

dish is dwaeji gukbap, a

hearty soup made with rice and chunks o

very popular place or this is Ssangdungi

Gukbap (T. 051-628-7020) near Daeyeon

Busan has a thriving nightlie scene. Gwa

and Haeundae have more bars and clubs

anyone can count. The Seomyeon Station

also quite lively at night, while the area a

Pukyong National University and Kyungs

University draws a younger crowd.

Accommodations

Busan has the best selection o hotels anoutside o Seoul. Most o the high-end pl

including the Westin Chosun Busan Hote

Park Hyatt Busan, and Paradise Hotel Bu

can be ound in the Haeundae area. Chea

accommodations can be ound around B

Station and Busans major bus terminals.

Getting Around

The KTX gets you to Busan rom Seoul Sta

less than three hours. I you preer ying

to Busans Gimhae International Airport

rom Seouls Gimpo International Airport

Busan has fve subway lines, including a l

connecting the city with Gimhae Internatio

Airport. The city has an extensive bus syst

well.

MORE

Seoul

Jejudo

Busan

1

2 3

Busans amous eomuk 2. Chungnam Bookshops Nam Myeong-seop searches the stacks in Bosu-dong Used Book Alley

Dongbaekseom Island's Nurimaru APEC House, the venue o the 2005 APEC summit 4. The uturistic skyline o Marine City seen rom Dongbaekseom Island

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Son Yeon-jae may or may not ever become a bona

de world-beater in rhythmic gymnastics, a highly

competitive sport that usually ends with the Russians

dominating the podium. But the 19-year-old has already

accomplished something her more celebrated peers might

never manage to doturn a national television station into her

personal cellphone cam.

MBC, Koreas second-largest broadcaster, pulled a primetime

weekend show on May 19 or live coverage o Sons perormanceat the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Series in Minsk,

Belarus. Son rose to the occasion by winning two silver medals

in hoops and clubs, becoming the rst Korean ever to win

multiple medals at a World Cup competition, which was good

enough or an overall ourth-place nish.

A perormance that mixes balls, hoops, ribbons, and juggling

clubs, rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level o athleticism

and artistic expression rom competitors.

It was the third time in less than a month that MBC yanked or

rescheduled that showa popular late-night sketch comedy

to ollow Son as she competed in World Cup events in Pesaro,

Italy, and Soa, Bulgaria, beore Minsk. And the decisions were

justied by audience records, which proved that Son was indeed

the better show.

I think my program is solid and my execution is better.

Te goal is obviously to play into peak orm by the World

Championships, Son told Korean reporters aer nishing her

perormance in Minsk.

A Sport Rises rom Local Obscurity

Fake tans, heavy makeup, leotards dipped in sequins and beads,

and breathtaking contortions make rhythmic gymnastics the most

glamorous sport to watch. But this doesnt mean many people do

watch itoutside o a ew places like Russia and Eastern Europe,

rhythmic gymnastics barely registers with the public.

It appears that obscurity is beginning to be replaced with

enthusiasm in Korea, where Son is single-handedly orcing the

nation to take her sport seriously.

Granted, Son was already a transcendent personality

her stint at last years Summer Olympics, appearing ubi

in television commercials and print advertisements; ho

that had more to do with her being the rare athlete who

prettier than most supermodels and movie stars.

Sons surprising h-place nish in London, which c

she became the rst Korean athlete to qualiy and reach

around nals at an Olympic tournament, proved that hwere backed by talent. And her bright start out o the ga

2013 suggests that the baby-aced Yonsei University stu

just entering her prime as an athlete.

Son started her season by winning a bronze in clubs

Moscow Grand Prix in March. She nished ninth all-ar

and third in ribbons at the Lisboa World Cup in April a

silver in ribbon at Pesaro weeks later. In Soa in early M

nished ourth all-around and shared the bronze meda

with Ukrainian Ganna Rizatdinova.

High Hopes

Sons latest perormance was inspiring, but she is aimin

Russian gymnasts Yana Kudryavtseva and Dary a Svatk

and Bulgarias Sylvia Miteva nished ahead o Son in M

this list doesnt include the two athletes considered argu

sports top talentsRussians Margarita Mamun and Al

Merkulova. Sons goal is to outperorm enough o these

athletes or a top-three World Championships nish.

I have been competing in more international compe

than beore, and I think that the quality o my perorm

becoming more consistent with the weight o experienc

told reporters beore the Minsk event.

Te Asian Championships will be a preview o the

Games competition next year in Incheon, so I am cert

looking to show my best there. Korea has never won a

medal in rhythmic gymnastics in the Asian Games, an

goal is to deliver the rst one.

P O R T S

CHANGING THE FACE OF A SPORTBaby-aced Son Yeon-jae is generating enthusiasm or rhythmic gymnastics

Written by Kim Tong-hyung

4

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latest single Gentleman while 64% said theyd heard songs

rom Chos Hello. When asked whod they rather see in concert,

however, 53% chose Cho while only 38% said Psy.

Perhaps this shouldnt come as a surprise. Trough most o his

career, Psy has relished in being a dark horsewhile not quite

underground, hes nevertheless had several run-ins with the

authorities over inappropriate content and questions over his

military service. His rise to become the undisputed international

king o K-pop was as unexpected as it was inspiring.

Cho, on the other hand, had been one o Koreas bes

stars and the very ace o Korean pop music or most o

1980s. So infuential he was that hes sometimes called

Michael Jackson o Korea. Inspired by Ray Charles as

Cho ollowed a path traveled by many o Koreas pop m

pioneershe started with a band that perormed at cl

catering to the US military, and later moved to other g

playing Western covers and original rock music.

His real success began in 1975, when he released his

single, Come Back to Busan Port, which became a hi

not only Korea but also Japan where a Japanese-langu

version was released. He produced hit album aer hit

throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In an era den

trot music, Cho instead mastered a wide range o m

genres, including trot, ballad, and even traditional Ko

music. His main ocus, however, was rock, and this se

apart. By 1994, hed sold 10 million records, a rst in K

music.

Music trends and tastes began to change in the 1990

however, and Chos star began to ade. Avoiding V

move in a country where V drives music salesCho

on concerts. Perorming tirelessly, he continued to pro

popular live artist, even as his album sales lagged behi

Focus on Singing

Chos rst album in over a decade, Hello debuted at N

in the Korean charts, knocking o Psys recently relea

Gentleman. Just as important, Cho was back on V,

introducing himsel to legions o younger ans. Alway

experimenter, Cho adapted his sound to the newer m

environment, teaming up or the rst time with overs

engineers like ony Maserati and Ian Cooper.

While the domestic success o Chos latest album is cl

Hello sold 180,000 copies within just 20 days o its relea

yet to be seen whether Cho will match Psy internationa

thinks K-pop has a great uture ahead o it . . . as long as

concentrate on singing. Speaking to the Chosun Ilbo, C

K-Pop has a rosy uture with so many talented singers

genre. But they should beware o relying too much on e

things like elaborate dance moves rather than singing, b

that can diminish the value o their music.

6

On April 28, US music magazine Billboardreported that veteran Korean crooner Cho

Yong-pil had knocked the ubiquitous Psy rom his No. 1 position atop Billboards

K-pop Hot 100 chart with Bounce rom his 19th studio album Hello. For the 63-year-

old singer, it marked a remarkable comeback aer about two decades o relative commercial

inactivity. And like Psy, he demonstrates that theres much more to the K-Pop craze than fashily

dressed girl and boy bands producing manuactured pop or the barely pubescent crowd.

A Legend Awakes

According to a Gallup Korea poll in early May, 74% o respondents said theyd listened to Psys

ERTAINMENT

Written by Ko Yeon-kyung

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C I A L I S S U E

8

Everyone knows that one o the most important elements o a thriving capitalist

society is a reliable population o consumers. Consumers are the oil that greases

the gears o a capitalist economy, but Koreas economy hasnt been moving as

uickly as some would like. Te Korean government recently cut its growth orecast this

ear to 2.3%a 0.7% slash rom 2012.

Part o this stagnation can be attributed to the debilitating levels o household debt.

Government estimations put the number o people in need o credit recovery at 3.45

million. Another estimation places the number o those with overdue debts to loan

ompanies or banks at about 1.4 million.

Te National Happiness Fund arose as a solution to this problem. As one o President

ark Geun-hyes key campaign pledges, the aim o this government debt relie initiative

s to relieve households o their debt burden. Te und ocially debuted a ew months

go, on March 29, and began receiving its rst applications on April 22.

In terms o the sheer number o applicants, the und was an immediate success; in

he rst week alone, 94,036 preliminary applicants signed up.

What assistance essentially means in this context is that the government, through

state-run company, will buy o overdue debts that add up to less than KRW 100

million. Up to hal o the debt will be written o, depending on how able and willing

he applicant is. I the applicant has a lower income, then he can have up to 70% o

he debt written o. Whats le is or the debtor to pay o, but he has the next 10 years

o do so. Te und also has another program that cuts high interest rates to a more

manageable level.

Te National Happiness Fund is not without its critics, who charge that it doesnt

make sense that households are taxed to relieve the debts o other households. On a

more practical level, critics worry that the initiative would simply be seen as a handout

ather than a hand up, leading to a moral hazard.

But recent media reports put some o these anxieties to rest. Local daily the

THE NATIONAL

HAPPINESS FUNDProgram seeks to build healthy consumer baseby lowering household debt

Written by Violet Kim

Hankyoreh reported that the average debt o the 94,036 applicants was KRW

million; about hal (47.4%) had debts o less than KRW 10 million. In other w

many o the debtors had low incomes and relatively low debts. Tese number

suggest that the und isnt going to attract high-income con men.

Its an expensive program, costing about KRW 1.5 trillion in nancing or

ve years.

But on a micro level, the hope is that the National Happiness Fund will hav

real impact on the livelihoods o individual households. Te program is still

and untested. But the expectation is that about 20 million will apply and rec

help they so desperately need. Household debt is not the problem o a ew sc

amiliesits a national problem, in both scale and the eect it has on the eco

Surely there must be a reason that the und is called the National Happine

Fund, and a reason or why the government requently invokes the word h

when discussing it. Its a somewhat unintuitive juxtaposition: hope and de

But i this initiative succeeds, it will make sense. At the moment, it all seems

like a national eort towards the happiness o select households. But when th

households are nally happy and debt-ree, hopeully the reverse will also be

debt-ree households will create a happy and economically prosperous natio

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R E N T K O R E A

In Korea, the number o women who live alone has

continued to increase as more young women leave

their parents home to go to university or work in a

dierent city. Te percentage o women in Seoul between

the ages o 29 and 39 who remain unmarried has tripled

over the last two decades to nearly 50 percent. Many o

them eel unsae and vulnerable to crime because there

is no one nearby to help. According to a survey carried

out in Seoul in 2010, the level o anxiety a woman

experiences when walking at night in Seoul is twice the

average or OECD countries. Many women in Seoul are

especially worried about sexual harassment or assault

when commuting at night. Even when they are at home,

their worries do not stop.

Cheaper Home Security Service

Te Seoul Metropolitan Government recently

announced a new program to support the saety o

emale residents: a 24-hour home security service or

single-woman households. Tis year, 3,000 women

living alone in apartments whose lease price is less than

KRW 70 million will be eligible or this service, and

the number is expected to increase to 10,000 women

by 2015. Te proessional security company AD

will provide the home security service. Tanks to the

program, eligible women will only have to pay KRW

9,900 instead o the ull KRW 59,000, excluding tax. A

wireless security system protects the womans home, and

an alarm goes o when an intruder enters the house.

Te standard option includes a motion sensor or the

window as well as a heat detector, main alarm, and card

reader. I a woman in danger holds down the panic

button or three seconds, security sta will come to her

aid at her apartment.

Sae Return Scouts

Another service provided or women by the Seoul

Metropolitan Government is the sae

return scout. Tis service operates rom 10pm

the user must book the service ten minutes beo

arrives at her home bus stop or subway station.

security guards will then meet her there and gu

saely home by car or on oot. Five hundred gu

be hired or the new service, which began this M

expected to be very helpul or women who n

late at night and or emale students who come

late rom school. Tey will no longer have to be

when walking home at night.

Single-Women-Only Accommodat

Te Seoul Metropolitan Government has also t

steps to provide apartments or women living b

themselves. For example, the upper foors o ce

government buildings have been opened up or

to rent at a reduced price. Te government has

made apartments available or emale university

near universities such as Duksung Womens Un

and Dongduk Womens University and or ema

workers in Banghwa-dong.

Automated Delivery System

Even i there is no one home while a woman is a

it is now possible or her to receive mail. Te au

delivery system drops o parcels at an unmann

package storage area near the womans house or

thereby helping reduce crimes committed by m

posing as delivery people. Unlike other delivery

this one operates every day, allowing the woma

retrieve her package 24 hours a day; she can pic

her package whenever she has ree time, aer w

or on the weekend. Eleven pilot storage areas ar

operation at the moment. Te number o storag

will be increased to 50 by the rst hal o the yea

there will be 200 by 2015. Te service operates

where a large number o women live alone, such

Mapo, Sinchon, and Gangnam, where many o

universities are located.

All o these services will help women eel sae

and are good examples or other cities in Korea

5

6

7

8

Magnetic detector

Heat detector

Main sensor

Security camera

ADT Control Room

A remote control with an

mergency button

Installing security camera

. Model security room 1 2 3 4

0

SAFE SEOUL,SAFE WOMENSeoul helps ease the anxieties o women in the big city

Written by Eunjung Shin

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2

Written by Bae Ji-sook

President Park Geun-hye had two grave missions on her

shoulders when she embarked on her May 511 state

visit to the USto strengthen the alliance between

the two countries and to boost investment and trade amid

escalating tensions on the Korean Peninsula and a sluggish

global economy.

Te rst state visit o a president is perceived as one o the

most important events in his or her ve-year tenure, since

it suggests the uture direction o oreign relations and the

external economic policies o the new government.

And it seems Park has managed to succeed in both areas.

raveling roughly 25,000 kilometers in six daysrom New

York to Washington and then to Los AngelesPark held

between three and ve meetings every day with people with

dierent agendas.

Trough this, the president rearmed the bilateral relations

o the two countries, attracted US business investment, and

emphasized her own trustpolitik policy o reengaging the

North and deterring its military threat to promote peace

between the two Koreas.

Cementing Korea-US Ties, Security

At the Korea-US Summit on May 7, a joint declaration rom

Seoul and Washington was released, acknowledging the

signicance o the Korea-US alliance as an anchor or stability,

security, and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula, Asia, and

around the world.

We continue to strengthen and adapt our alliance to serve

as a linchpin o peace and stability in the Asia-Pacic and to

meet the security challenges o the 21st century, they said in

the declaration. Te term linchpin has been used to stress the

relations in ensuring peace in the Asia-Pacic region.

Expressing concern toward North Koreas nuclear an

ballistic missile programs and its repeated provocatio

two leaders decided to stay stern but at the same time

room or uture negotiation through six-party talks an

international community.

Seoul and Washington will work jointly to encoura

Korea to make the right choice throughout multiacet

including the implementation o the Korean Peninsul

process, Park said at a press brieng held aer the talk

announcement was greeted by Obama as exactly the

approach.

Park stood against the constant threat o North Ko

the agreement has apparently gained international app

political commentator said.

Te armation o Korea-US ties is expected to dam

international communitys anxiety, which is assumed

infuenced investment into the Korean and other mar

Securing Interests

Te president also broached several critical issues o

Korea. She brought up the peaceul use o nuclear en

demanding a revision o the Agreement or Cooper

between the Government o the Republic o Korea a

Government o the United States o America Conce

Civil Use o Atomic Energy. Te revision could perm

Korea to enrich uranium or sel-suciency in nucl

and to reprocess spent uel as it aces an imminent s

overfow. While the US has been cautious out o con

it may work against its nonprolieration eorts, Park

mentioning o the issue is perceived as a big step or

MIT DIPLOMACY

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4

QUOTES FROM PRESIDENT PARKS ADDRESS TOTHE JOINT SESSION OF THE UNITED STATES CONGR

On the history o the Korea-US alliance

Let me expresson behal o the people o the Republic

Koreaour proound gratitude to America's veterans. T

sweat, and tears helped saeguard reedom and democracy

On the Korea-US alliance today

Looking orward, our precious alliance is setting its sight

better worlda brighter uture. Bound by trust, guided by

values, we are cooperating across and beyond our own bo

On denuclearization

A world without nuclear weaponsPresident Obama's vis

start on the Korean Peninsula. For the peninsula is home to t

divided nation-state and directly aces the threat o nuclear w

is an ideal test bed or a uture ree o nuclear arms.

I we can pull it o on the Korean Peninsula, then we ca

o anywhere else.

On the KORUS FTA

In March o last year, the Korea-US Free rade Agreement went into eect. Te agreement adds an economic pil

alliance. It has moved us closer to a comprehensive strategic alliance.

We can do even more. I the bill on visa quotas or Korean proessionals is passed by this Congress, both our eco

will benet, or it would help create many more jobs. It would show our people what the FA can do or them.

I ask Congress or its understandingor its support.

Our FA also connects East Asia and North America and provides a key platorm or building a common Asia-Pac

market. Te agreement also helps underpin Washington's rebalancing toward the region.

On North Korea

Te Republic o Korea will never accept a nuclear-armed North Korea. Pyongyang's provocations will be met de

At the same time, I will not link humanitarian aid provided to the North Korean people, such as to inants and

children, to the political situation.

And with the trust that gradually builds up, through exchange, through cooperation, we will cement the ground

durable peace andeventuallypeaceul reunication.

On Northeast Asia

We cannot aord to put o a multilateral dialogue process in Northeast Asia. ogether, the United States and ot

Northeast Asian partners could start with soer issues. Tese include environmental issues and disaster relie. T

nuclear saety and counterterrorism. rust will be built through this process. And that trust will propel us to expa

horizons o our cooperation.

Te initiative will serve the cause o peace and development in the region. But it will be rmly rooted in the Ko

alliance. In this sense, it could reinorce President Obama's strategy o rebalancing towards the Asia-Pacic.

resolve one o the most urgent issues aecting Koreas energy supply.

Park met UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to discuss security

tension between the two Koreas and to encourage Korean sta there.

She also met Jim Yong Kim, head o the World Bank, and discussed

current events.

At her meeting with Korean community members in New York

and LA, Park mentioned that she would work on issuing a type o

registration card or Korean-Americans as a way to encourage visits and

ease anxieties.

Doing Business

In an eort to give a sense o security to oreign investors and to promote

her creative economy drive, the president took along the heads o the

countrys largest conglomerates as well as representatives o small and

medium-sized businesses. Among the 52-member business delegation

were Federation o Korean Industries head Huh Chang-soo; Sohn

Kyung-shik o the Korea Chamber o Commerce and Industry; Samsung

Electronics chairman Lee Kun-hee; Chung Mong-koo o Hyundai Motor

Group; Koo Bon-moo o LG Group; Kim Chang-geun o SK SUPEX

Council; and Shin Dong-bin o Lotte Group. Small and medium-sized

company leaders including Kang Ho-kap o the Association o High

Potential Enterprises o Korea and Nam Min-woo o the Korea Venture

Business Association, among others, also joined the group.

Te presence o these business moguls showed that Korea has a

healthy business environment despite North Korea and other issues that

external observers may presuppose as risk actors, critics said.

While Park praised the big moves by the heads o the nations

biggest companies, they responded by promising more aggressive and

socially responsible investments, such as those that lead to job creation.

Te president also met with big names in the US business market,

promoted the Korean market, and induced some notable investment.

We will deal boldly with needless red tape and breathe resh energy

into all acets o economic activity. aken together, these eorts will make

Korea a destination o choice both or American investors and other

oreign businesses, Park told 170 business leaders and potential investors

at a luncheon hosted by the US Chamber o Commerce on May 8.

Te presidential oce later announced that Parks visit attracted

oreign direct investment worth $380 million rom seven US enterprises,

including Boeing, Almost Heroes, and Curtiss-Wright.

Te six-day schedule, going rom the East to West Coast and ranging

rom business to politics, has proven that the new government has a

vision or a new society, economy, and world, a political critic said.

MIT DIPLOMACY

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6

LEADING THROUGHCREATION

I C Y R E V I E W

In step with President Park Geun-hyes creative

economy initiative, the Ministry o Strategy and

Finance on May 15 announced a set o incentives

or investors and venture rms, ollowing the rst-

generation boom in the late 1990s.

Te project, comprising o tax breaks and support

programs or investors and entrepreneurs, is expected

to open new avenues or creativity and imagination to

become the new drivers o the nations economy. Te

package is the key policy among some 200 issues raised

by 29 governmental departments and will be rendered

as comprehensive measures to boost investment in

start-ups as an alternative to hoarding money.

We need a paradigm shi. We will ocus on

creating our own ooting and go rom chasing other

economies to being a leader, eventually realizing the

development o a creative economy, said Deputy

Prime Minister and Finance Minister Hyun Oh-seok

at a press brieng that day.

Concrete Measures

Part o the package is a plan to allow investors and

entrepreneurs to postpone their capital gains tax

payments should they reinvest the money in another

start-up. An income tax deduction o up to 50 percent

will be extended i they oer capital, as angel investors,

to start-ups.

As a means o supporting mergers and acquisitions,

the government will reduce corporate taxes or buyers

and ease listing regulations or small rms seeking to

make an initial public oering on the KOSDAQ or the

KONEX, a new Korean exchange designed or young

rms. Investors will be able to exit the exchange exclusive

o their investment in venture rms when retrieving

their money.

Te authorities will also support the creation o

online unding platorms or small and medium-

sized enterprises (SMEs) in order to attract small-scale

investors, commonly reerred to as crowd unding.

Foreign residents who have earned a bachelors degree

or higher in science technology and have a patent in

a related eld in Korea will be issued a special visa to

establish business start-ups here.

With a venture-riendly environment, the

administration expects the venture industry to

KRW 10.6 trillion worth o investment in the

years, which will help reinvestment in technol

also the recruitment o highly skilled manpow

the industry has lacked due to budget problem

Te government will team up with the priva

to create a KRW 500 billion Future Planning F

which will invest KRW 200 billion in fedgling

established within three years and the rest in n

newcomer SMEs with potential.

While the majority o start-ups in the US s

business with investment unds, about 99 perc

SMEs in Korea are burdened with bank loans

very beginning, the government said.

A New Paradigm

Ever since the president proclaimed her vision

a creative economy, a heated debate on the ex

meaning o the term and its easible execution

going on.

Coined by British economist John Howkins

term normally reers to the advertising, archit

art, cras, design, ashion, lm, music, perorm

arts, publishing, R&D, soware, toy and game

radio, and video games industries. It is also re

that Korea has sought to model itsel aer the

Israel, and Germany, where business start-ups

SMEs are believed to be the solution or tackli

sluggish economies and youth employment.

Te president later explained, Te creative ec

is a slew o economic activities concerned with t

generation or exploitation o knowledge and in

It is not limited to science but could be adapted

activities involved in the paradigm shi o existi

she said on March 22 at the Ministry o Agricult

and Rural Aairs report to the president.

In March, Minister Hyun said that the Min

Strategy and Finances role is to become the d

o the creative economy paradigm, which will

executed by other ministries and the private se

Strategy Ministry gearing up to design creative economy

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8

ATIVE TECHNOLOGY

Koreas traditional underfo or heating system, ondol, is expected to be

newly promoted in the United States. Korean business conglomerate

Booyoung Group has signed a memorandum o understanding (MOU)

with Seoul National University and George Washington University or a joint study

oondol.

Booyoung Group Chairman Lee Joong-keun, Seoul National University

President Oh Yeon-Cheon, and George Washington University President StevenKnapp held a ceremony on April 23 i n Washington DC or the donation o USD

1 million to the American university. Booyoung Group and George Washington

University also signed an agreement to build a dormitory with ondol-heated

rooms. Te donated unds will be used or the exchange o proessors and students

between the two universities and or supporting research on and other related

activities connected to ondol.

Having been used by our Korean oreathers or thousands o years, ondolis a

scientically proven way o providing energy-ecient, environmentally riendly

housing that promotes health and hygiene, Chairman Lee said in a speech during

the ceremony. I hope that this newly built dor mitory equipped with the Korean

ondolsystem will be a catalyst or ondolresearch in the United States, thus paving

the way or it to spread to other houses.

Ocials at Booyoung said that the construction project will lay a cornerstone

or the long-term goal o promoting the traditional Korean architectural heating

system oondol, which is suitable or the lie and climate o the northeastern region

o the United States.

o be established on a lot provided by George Washington University, the

dormitory will be built according to the BO (build-operate-transer) ramework,

a contractual relationship in which a private entity is in charge o unding, design,

and construction and then transers the building to the ordering organization ree

o charge aer the construction is completed.

Ondolis an underfoor hearing system in traditional Korean architecture

that uses direct heat transer rom wood smoke to the underside o a foor. In

contemporary times, it reers to any type o underfoor heating. Ondolhas been

widely reerred to as one o Koreas three top inventions, along with Hangeul(the

Korean alphabet) and metal movable type printing.

he LED Plant Factory, capable o mass-producing environmentally

riendly agricultural goods, has opened at the LED Agri-bio Fusion

echnology Research Center located at the Iksan campus o Chonbuk

National University in Jeollabuk-do. As many as 200 dignitaries and political

and regional representatives participated in a May 2 event to celebrate the

completion o construction o the next-generation actory in Iksan. Te

participants toured the LED Plant Factory and held a seminar to promotebusiness strategies or the project.

Te LED Plant Factory is expected to use state-o-the-art agricultural technology,

advanced techniques compared with the time-honored style o producing

agricultural items on the bare ground outdoors and in vinyl or glass greenhouses.

By making use o articial illumination supplied by LED (light-emitting

diode) and a nutrient supply system instead o the sun and soil, the actory will

be able to enhance the productivity o cultivating agricultural products. LEDs

are diodes that emit visible light when electricity is applied, much like a light

bulb.

A total o KRW 22.7 billion will be invested by March 2016 into the LED

Plant Factory project, which is equipped with 3,500 lighting lamps on a 330 sq

meter lot. Te LED Plant Factory plans to develop agri-bio items and industrial

technologies as well as cultivate the special manpower dedicated to the agri-bio

industry sector.

Te LED Plant Factory is expected to produce 15 tons o lettuce and 33 tons o bok

choy annually. Ocials at the LED Agri-bio Fusion echnology Research Center

expect to attract as many as 80 related businesses and create up to 1,000 jobs.

As well as cultivating eco-riendly agricultural products, the center is ully

dedicated to establishing a mass supply system o high value-added, high-saety,

high-unctional oods in close connection with the Food Cluster being pushed

or by the city o Iksan and the Seed Valley project o Gimje in Jeollabuk-do.

By producing a synergy eect through the combination o the agri-bio

industry and agricultural products, the project is expected to create a new

industry based on ecosystems by integrating related industries including the

maritime and automobile sectors as well as LEDs.

Let There Be Light . . . and FooLED Plant Factory to mass-produce eco-riendly agricultural goods

Written by Sohn Tae-soo

Photographs courtesy of LED Agri-bio Fusion Technology Research Center

Ondol Goes to America?Booyoung Group to support joint research on Korea's unique heating system in US

Written by Sohn Tae-soo

3

2

1

1. Fireplace used to heat ondol in older home

2. Ondol-heated study in an old Korean home

3. Enjoying tea on the ondol foor o Dahmsojung Guest House, Seoul

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B A L K O R E A

he Latin word or charity is caritas, so perhaps its

only tting that the worlds largest Catholic relie and

development conederation should be called Caritas

nternationalis.

Founded in Europe in 1897, Caritas now operates in over 200

ations worldwide in a wide range o relie and development

work, stretching rom peace-building to dealing with climate

hange.

Founded in 1975, Caritas Korea began its overseas relie and

evelopment assistance program in 1993; this year marks the

0th anniversary o its overseas aid program. Over the last two

ecades, Caritas Korea has provided about KRW 30 billion in

upport to 655 programs, leading the way or Korean Catholic

humanitarian eorts overseas. In recent years, Caritas Korea

has helped in promoting development and reconciliation on

the Korean Peninsula as well, playing an active role in providing

humanitarian assistance to North Korea.

Focusing on Water

Tis year, Caritas Korea plans to provide some KRW 44.5

billion in overseas assistance. At a press conerence marking the

20th anniversary o the organizations overseas aid programs,

Caritas Korea President Bishop Lucas Kim Woon-hoe said,

Teres great pride that our nation, which was receiving aid

just 2030 years ago, now provides aid. Im astonished at how

much things have changed.

LENDING A HAND FORTWO DECADESCaritas Korea marks 20 years o providing overseas assistance

Written by Robert Koehler

hotographs courtesy of Caritas Korea

Tis year, Caritas Koreas theme or its overseas development

is water. According to Caritas Korea Executive Director Fr.

Simeon Lee, the organization has discovered over its years o

relie work that the most important thing is water. In Kenya,

or instance, theres been little rain over the last two to three

years, even during the monsoon season, with even reservoirs

running dry. Focusing on two nations in particularKenya

and EthiopiaCaritas Korea plans to conduct a wide range o

agricultural development and sel-support programs based on

water supply projects.

For instance, in drought-hit Boset in the Oromia Region o

Ethiopia, Caritas Korea plans to build a reservoir that would

immediately resolve the towns drinking water shortages and

over the long term provide the water needed or agriculture and

livestock cultivation. In Kenya, meanwhile, the organization

plans to build 290 water tanks in the countrys worst drought-

hit regions.

Helping North Koreas Most Vulnerable

Since 2006, Caritas Korea has served as the acilitating partner

or Caritas Internationalis DPRK Program, the organizations

relie eort or North Korea. As the acilitating partner, Caritas

Korea implements subprojects in direct cooperation with its

counterparts in North Korea and in cooperation with

Caritas Internationalis organizations.

In act, Caritas Koreas eorts in North Korea go back

when unocial contact began. In 1995, the organizatio

commenced its North Korea aid program in the aerm

disastrous foods in the North. Prior to 2006, the organi

eorts were conducted through C aritas Hong Kong out

consideration or Koreas unique political situation.

Caritas Internationalis DPRK Program provides

humanitarian assistance through long-term developme

cooperation. It is based on cooperation between the va

groups and organizations conducting aid programs to t

to boost eectiveness and transparency, international st

are adhered to in administration and budget execution

Caritas North Korea projects can be broadly divided

sectors. Firstly, there is emergency relie aid provided a

disasters such as North Koreas recurrent fooding. Seco

Caritas provides assistance to strengthen medical servi

select North Korean medical acilities in order to impro

health o North Koreas most vulnerable. Tirdly, it prov

aid and agricultural development support to improve th

situation there. Finally, it provides special assistance to

Korean inants, the group most at risk in North Korea.

0

MORE INFO

http://www.caritas.or.kr

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E A T K O R E A N

JEONG DO-JEONS

JOSEONWritten by Charles Luskin

Neo-Conucian scholar helped build oundation o new dynasty

1

1. Portrait o Jeong Do-jeon

2.Sambongjip, acollection o

Jeong Do-jeons work

3.Gyeongbokgung Palace

In 1388 General Yi Seong-gye usurped the tottering Goryeo

Dynasty and ascended the throne as King aejo, establishing

the Joseon Dynasty. Jeong Do-jeon, the new kings closest

advisor and prime minister, was given extraordinary powers to

create the bureaucratic, social, and religious structures o Koreas

longest-ruling dynasty at its nascence. Indeed, as a scholar and

leader o early Joseon, Jeong Do-jeon le an indelible mark on the

new dynasty, changing the orm o government and inusing it

with his populist, proto-democratic, neo-Conucian ideology.

Jeong Do-jeons background infuenced his radical reorm

agenda. He was born into an impoverished, genteel amily around

1340. Jeong was an intelligent student and passed the civil service

examinations in 1362 but ound advancement dicult because

o his amilys lack o prestige and Gor yeos low social mobility.

Eventually, Jeong was exiled or his pro-Ming and anti-Buddhist

positions (Goryeo was both Buddhist and pro-Yuan Dynasty).

Rejection by the system reinorced his determination to create

a more just society. In reaction to ossied and corrupt Goryeo

rule, Jeong increasingly believed in the neo-Conucian idea that

a governments legitimacy lay in its service to the will and good

o the people. For this reason, he argued that through its misrule

and intermingling with the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, the Goryeo

Dynasty had abdicated its right to r ule. Indeed, in exile, he

beriended General Yi Seong-gye and encouraged him to revolt.

Building a Conucian State

Following the coup detat, Yi became King aejo and Jeong became

prime minister. Now vested with the highest civil and military

rank in the country, Jeong established his neo-Conucian ideology

as the oundation o society and governance. He changed the orm

o government, the capital, the laws, and the tax and education

systems. Indeed, his book, Te Administrative Code of Joseon,

served as the basis or the new regimes legal code, consti

and organization o government.

Most importantly, to ensure the monarch served th

and to limit his caprice and power, Jeong replaced Gor

eudal system with a centralized bureaucracy. He env

the prime minister working in consultation with the k

having more de acto power. Indeed, he paid special a

to the posts o censor and inspector general, charged w

remonstrating with the king and weeding out corrupt

respectively. In Jeongs Joseon, the king was to rule no

through and in consultation with his chie ministers.

In service o the people, Jeong issued a number o sig

reorms. He reorganized the military to better deend th

country, chose a new capital, and instituted educational

increase social mobility and guarantee able scholar-bur

He created a public primary school system and reorme

civil service examinations. In addition to his eorts to c

eective and Conucian political structure, Jeong attem

make a neo-Conucian society. Jeong regarded Goryeo

religion, Buddhism, as corrupt, nihilistic, and introvert

thus detrimental to society. His critiques were penetrati

never suciently answered; neo-Conucian ethics slow

the undisputed governing principle.

Jeongs infuence was cut short by political intrigue

Yi Bang-won, the h son o King aejo, murdered Jejeon or supporting aejos appointment o his eighth

heir apparent. Jeong wanted scholar-bureaucrats to ru

than a strong kingand Yi Bang-won was ambitious

ruthless. While Yi Bang-won became king, he le Jeon

jeons reorms largely intact. Ironically, though, as an

the new king, Jeong Do-jeon was vilied or much o

history, although his ideas did much to dene the dyn

2

2

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Why so serious? Or more like, why so dicult? T

my thoughts as I sweated prousely trying to g

which oot to land on while learning the choreo

to SHINees new song Why So Serious? Every uesday and T

my riend and I trot over to De Dance Skool to attend our K-p

class, taught by an energetic and charismatic young Korean guy

Now, I knew beorehand that dancing would be challenging,

I wasnt expecting was getting caught o guard by my emotion

knew I could get so bashul dancing in ront o others! It really

lot o condence to express yoursel through music in ront o

When we see a K-pop group like Innite dancing on V, it loo

smooth and eortless, but what we dont see are the many stren

hours put into it. I now genuinely understand why Korean com

make their artists train or so many years. It would take quite s

time to memorize an album ull o dance moves and sing on k

consistently giving an service to screaming an girls. With th

mind, I knew I had a long way to go.

As day two started, I claimed my spot in the back o our grou

to not be seen by our teacher or anyone else. As we warmed up

teacher quickly spun around and pointed to me, saying, You,

looked around bewildered, wondering why hed want me in the

Apparently he wanted to make sure I could get the dance move

noble as his gesture was, I was very uncomortable with being

o everyone. As the hours went by, though, I could see that man

seemed to be at about my level. Tere were a ew naturals in th

but most o us were still counting 1, 2, 3 in our heads.

I came to the realization that you either have it or you dont.

such as Big Bangs aeyang or SHINees aemin move fawlessl

the foor, and my dance teacher is denitely a natural. In class,

there anxiously, waiting to try out the next move he showed us

hoping to replicate it as amazingly as he did. But somehow, it n

comes close, at least or me. It probably doesn't help that my te

knows very little English, but nevertheless, my riend and I are

to understand whats going on. Music surpasses language barr

K-pop is a testament to that. Its spread across the world despite

a dierent language shows the ambulatory nature o Korean p

Fortunately, as the class came to a close, I started to really get

song. I could nally eel the emotion o the song as I tried to p

the kind o energy Key or Jonghyun o SHINee would give to i

have another month to go, and despite not being the best danc

continue to learn K-pop dance, as it is a un experience and a g

to be a part o the powerhouse that is Hallyu, the Korean Wave

K O R E A

MOVING TOK-POP

Written by April Jackson

lustrated by Kim Yoon-Myong

Learning to dance to Korean pop music

4

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Written by Loren Cotter

Public fgure Sam Hammington takes a break to discuss his career andthe opportunities Korea has given him

A DYNAMIC ENTERTAINERDESCRIBES DYNAMIC KOREA

TICULTURAL KOREA

Australias ambassador once stated that Sam

Hammington is the most amous Australian

in Korea. An entertainer and comic as well

as a businessman, Hammington is amed or stints on

primetime programs such as Gag Concertwhere he got

his big breakalong with various other V and radio

shows.

Te practically fuent Korean speaker has been in Korea

or over 10 years. He went rom not knowing anything

about KoreaI didnt even know where it wasto

having a successul career in the country. His path on the

peninsula would never have begun, however, had he not

chosen Korean Studies as one o two majors at Swinburne

University o echnology in Melbourne.

The Importance o Language

During his studies, Hammington spent a year abroad at

Korea University in order to stand out rom the pack.

According to him, Japanese and Chinese are obviously

much more popular languages, but that also means the

competition is a lot harder.

Tis discussion regarding language comes up again and

again with the prolic entertainer, and rightully so. He

maintains that although Korea is changing and becoming

more o a multicultural nation, his mastery o the Korean

language has been his makingparticularly in regards to

getting his oot in the door in the showbiz industry. Being

able to speak Korean or me has been a blessing, he states.

With respects to his career in entertainment,

Hammington says he just ell into it. He explains, A riend

o a riend was a producer who was looking or an expat

that could speak Korean who could come out on a V

show, maybe a quiz show. I was just like, Ill do it. Im

always looking or something dierent to do.

Hammington also states that his businesses, an education

agency and a sweets shop, would both have suered were it

not or his language skills. I cant imagine what it would be

like to try to operate a business without speaking Korean,

he muses. I you can speak the language, you eel like you

understand the culture and you have an anity or the

culture, the country, and the people . . . You have to scratch

the surace at least, and I think Ive done that. Particularly

rom when I rst got here till now, my perspective

was completely dierent.

Hammington recently displayed a deeper invest

in Korea by taking an interest