KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN Diabstraksikan oleh: Soemarno, psdl-ppsub - Malang 2013 Bahan kajian pada MK. PSDAL
Feb 24, 2016
KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA
ALAM DAN
LINGKUNGAN
Diabstraksikan oleh: Soemarno, psdl-ppsub - Malang 2013
Bahan kajian pada MK. PSDAL
SUMBERDAYA ALAM Sumberdaya Alam - Sesuatu material alami
yang digunakan oleh manusia atau Sumberdaya yang disediakan Bumi untuk
manusia Misalnya: Air, Petroleum, Minerals, Hutan
SUMBERDAYA TERBARUKAN
Sumberdaya alam yang dapat diganti dengan kecepatan yang sama pada
sat ia digunakan. Misalnya: Pohon, Angin, Air.Although many resources are
renewable, they still can be used up before they can be renewed.
TEGAKAN Jati = sumberdaya alam biologis yang dapat ditanam kembali
setelah dipanen
Sumberdaya tidak terbarukan –
Nonrenewable ResourcesSumberdaya yang terbentuk dengan
kecepatan jauh lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan kecepatan penggunaannya (konsumsinya).
A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants & animals that lived long ago.
Misalnya: Batubara, Petroleum (Oil), Gas Alam
Sekali habis, tidak dapat diganti !!!
KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM
Untuk konservasi sumberdaya alam, anda harus mencoba untuk menggunakan sumberdaya alam secukupnya hanya
kalau diperlukan3 R:
ReduceReuseRecycle
PENCEMARAN TANAHHow can soil be lost or damaged?
Exhausted – KEHILANGAN KESUBURAN TANAH akibat diolah dan ditanami secara TERUS MENERUS
Polluted – mining, chemical spills, HUMANS
Erosion – oleh air , angin
Desertification – once wet area, undergoes drought conditions OR grazing animals OR cutting treeshttp://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/CTW/ChinaDesertification.jpeg
Bagaimana Konservasi Tanah ?
Konservasi tanah adalah pengelolaan tganah untuk mencegah
degradasi/kerusakan tanah.Pengolahan tanah menurut KonturPergiliran TanamanOlah Tanah KonservasiPenangkal anginLeaving soil fallow
Teras bangku pada lahan miring untuk budidaya sayuran – upaya konservasi tanah dari ancaman
erosi dan runoff air hujanFoto: smno – Pujon-Nop 2012
Contour Plowing plowing fields along curves of slopes
Farming on the contour, rows are perpendicular to the slope.
Photo courtesy USDA NRCS.
Diunduh dari: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/contourfarm
.aspx ……. 27/11/2012
Conservation Plowingdead weeds and stalks are left in the ground
from year to year
Diunduh dari: http://nfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/impacts_conservation_tillage.shtml …….
27/11/2012
Impacts of Conservation Tillage on Row CropsSwitching to conservation tillage on all row crops in the
Southeast over the past 5 years has resulted in savings of over $100 million to growers.
Crop Rotationplant different crops in a field from year to
yearThe effects of crop rotation:
1. Higher diversity in plant production and thus in human and livestock nutrition. 2. Reduction and reduced risk of pest and weed infestations. 3. Greater distribution of channels or biopores created by diverse roots (various
forms, sizes and depths). 4. Better distribution of water and nutrients through the soil profile. 5. Exploration for nutrients and water of diverse strata of the soil profile by roots of
many different plant species resulting in a greater use of the available nutrients and water.
6. Increased nitrogen fixation through certain plant-soil biota symbionts and improved balance of N/P/K from both organic and mineral sources.
7. Increased humus formation.
Diunduh dari: http://www.fao.org/sd/erp/toolkit/Books/SARDLEARNING/CD-SL/m_4sl_2_en.html
……. 27/11/2012
ALLEY CROPPINGtrees planted along the edge of a field
Diunduh dari: http://nac.unl.edu/bufferguidelines/guidelines/4_opportunities/5.html …….
27/11/2012
Alley cropping is the cultivation of crops grown in between rows of woody plants.
Key design considerations include selecting woody plants that provide marketable products, crop timing and
management, crop sunlight requirements, and size of farm equipment as it affects spacing requirements.
The alley crop can be changed as tree canopy closes over time.
TERRACINGPrevents erosion from heavy rains on steep hills.
Bench terracesBench terraces are a soil and water conservation measure used on sloping land with relatively deep soils to retain water and control erosion. They are normally constructed by cutting and filling to produce a series of level steps or benches. This allows water to infiltrate slowly into the soil. Bench terraces are reinforced by
retaining banks of soil or stone on the forward edges. This practice is typical for rice-based cropping systems.
Diunduh dari: http://www.greenstone.org/greenstone3/nzdl;jsessionid=1CC83FDA5814399FCCA098EA11DF825
4?a=d&d=HASH018cfbb77d155fa06876f29b.5.1.np&c=hdl&sib=1&dt=&ec=&et=&p.a=b&p.s=Classifi
erBrowse&p.sa= ……. 27/11/2012
PENCEMARAN AIR How can water be lost or cause
damage?
Diunduh dari: http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~vjfranks/ ……. 27/11/2012
WATER POLLUTIONMany things cause water pollution. Most water pollution is casued by
humans, but some pollution is caused by nature.
Things that pollute our water are: sewage drainage into our water cycle, oil from vehicles, oil spills, fertilizer from crops and garbage dumps can
run into our water system when it rains, hot water dumped from factories or nuclear plants, salt water can pollute fresh water, and dust and ash
from volcanoes.
WATER POLLUTIONHow can water be lost or cause
damage?
Nonpoint-source Pollution – Pollution that comes from many sources; Reaches bodies of water as runoff
EX: street gutters, fertilizers, eroded soil, drainage from mines
Bagaimana Air dikonservasi ?
By using only the water needed
By recycling waterBy using drip irrigation
systems. Waste water can be treated by
sewage treatment plants and septic systems
Polusi UdaraBagaimana Udara dapat menimbulkan
kerusakan dan kerugian ?
Polusi Udara – The contamination of the
atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and
natural sources
Pencemaran udara akibat transportasi di jaklan raya perkotaan. Foto: smno-Malang-Agt 2012
Polutan UdaraPolutan PrimerIndustrial emissionsVehicle ExhaustVolcanic Ash
Polutan SekunderThe formation of smog
PENCEMARAN AKIBAT ULAH MANUSIA
Industrial & Indoor Air Pollution
Acid PrecipitationThe Ozone Hole
Bagaimana Udara dapat dilestarikan?
Legislasi: Misalnya pengaturan Baku Mutu Udara Ambient Kota
By Technology such as scrubbers - devices used to remove pollutants before they are released by smokestacks
Mengubah Pola Hidup Masyarakat
Diunduh dari: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/environmentalpolicy/research/environmentalquality/iau
……. 27/11/2012
Integrated Assessment Unit for strategies to control emissions to the atmosphere and their environmental impacts