Knowledge Organiser 2019-2020 Module 2 Year8 · collapses leaving behind a stack (a vertical column of rock). These stacks can be attacked further, and eventually the stack may collapse

Knowledge Organiser2019-2020Module 2

Year8

NAME: FORM:

Your knowledge organisers will help you to learn a wide range of knowledge

and become more independent when doing this. This will help you to feel more

confident when you have an exam and support you in better exam preparation.

To learn information and store it in your long term memory you need to follow

the Marriotts Steps to Success:

1. Understand the content and how it links to the bigger picture.

2. Condense and simplify the information.

3. Memorise the information.

4. Test your recall of the information.

5. Regularly review what you have learned and relearn anything that you

have forgotten.

https://teachlikeachampion.com/blog/using-now-retrieval-practice-update-alex-laney/ It is important to regularly review topics that you

have learned in the past – this will really help your

retention of the information.

Different techniques work for different people. Try out

some suggestions in this booklet to see which suit your

learning style. Looking at notes or just reading

information is not enough. Learning and revising are

active processes which should involve engaging with

your course material.

Flash cardsMake some revision cards for the topic. Each card should contain a short summary of some key information – diagrams can also be included.

Condense itSimplify the information that you have to learn.

Q&A cardsMake some question and answer revision cards for the topic. Each card should contain a short summary of some key information – diagrams can also be included.

Mind mapsStart with a central main idea and then each branch relates to one section of the main idea.Mind maps show connections between the different aspects of a topic. Use colours and images to help make the information more memorable.

Be creative!Select some information from your KO.Decide on a way that will help you to remember it, you could:• Make a timeline of key events / dates.• Create a comic strip to summarise the information.• Write a mnemonic, poem or song.• Create a memory palace (turn individual bits of information into vivid mental images and

then connect the images in a story that unfolds throughout a location you know well).

Layering 1. Learn the easiest and simplest facts or ideas about a topic. 2. Gradually add more complex information, layer upon layer.

Layering means that, if you get nervous in your exam, you should still remember the foundation layer. The recall of this foundation knowledge will act as a trigger for you to recall information from the higher layers.

Memorise itExperiment with different ways of memorising theinformation you need to learn. Find the way that works best for you.

Self test by…Read cover write check

Learn key information by reading a small section, covering it up, and then writing down as much as you can remember. Check to see how much you got right. Correct any errors in a different colour pen, then repeat the process.

Test itHow well can you remember the information you have learned?

Use your question and answer flashcards (a question on one side, and an answer on the other,

or key terminology on one side, and definitions on the other) to test yourself several times a

week.

If you get the card wrong use a technique like read cover write to relearn the information and

then test yourself again.

Q&A card quizzing

Using past exam papersUse past exam papers Practise planning answers to exam questions. Making a plan will test your ability to remember concepts and connections. Jot down which areas of a topic you would draw on to answer a specific question; which approaches or research studies. Then test yourself on key facts or dates you would need for your answer.

2. Representation

A scatter graph compares two variables to see if there is any relationship between them.

A relationship between two variables does not imply causation. Just because they seem connected does not

mean one variable causes the other to change.

Equation of a straight line

Stem and Leaf Plots

Two Way Tables

A table that organises data around two

categories.

Fill out the information step by step

using the information given.

Make sure all the totals add up for all

columns and rows.

Maths - Representation

Light travels as waves. These are transverse waves, like the ripples in a tank of water. The direction of vibration in the waves is at 90° to the direction that the light travels.

Light travels extremely quickly and in straight lines. Its maximum speed is approximately 300,000,000 m/s, when it travels through a vacuum (empty space).

A ray diagram shows how light travels. Remember to use a ruler and a sharp pencil.The law of reflectionWhen light reaches a mirror, it reflects off the surface of the mirror:the incident ray is the light going towards the mirrorthe reflected ray is the light coming away from the mirror

If light meets a rough surface, each ray obeys the law of reflection. However, the different parts of the rough surface point in different directions, so the light is not all reflected in one direction. Instead, the light is reflected in all directions. This is called diffuse scattering.

Challenge box: Try some of the activities and resources on this website: https://www.iop.org/resources/index.html

Key word Defintion

Transparent A substance which light can travel through without changing direction.

Translucent A substance that some light can travel through.

Opaque A substance that no light can travel through.

Ray diagram How we show light rays in a diagram using arrows. Always drawn with a ruler and a pencil.

Speed of light

How quickly light can travel in a vacuum.

Vacuum Empty space

Reflection When light rays bounces off of a surface.

Refraction When light rays change speed and therefor direction as they pass from one medium to another (E.g. air into water).

Prism A triangular piece of glass or Perspex which separates white light into a spectrum because of refraction.

Spectrum Separate colours formed when white light is separated using a prism.

Incident ray Ray of light that hits a surface.

Shadow Formed when no light rays can reach a surface.

Retina Light sensitive layer of cells inside the eye.

Science – Light 1

White light is a mixture of 7 different colours, each with a different frequency. White light can be split up into a spectrum of these colours using a prism, a triangular block of glass or Perspex.Light is refracted when it enters the prism, and each colour is refracted by a different amount. This means that the light leaving the prism is spread out into its different colours, a process called dispersion.

There are three primary colours in light: red, green and blue. Light in these colours can be added together to make the secondary colours magenta, cyan and yellow. All three primary colours add together make white light.

The eye focuses light from an object onto the retina. The retina contains cells that are sensitive to light. They produce electrical impulses when they absorb light. These impulses are passed along the optic nerve to the brain, which interprets them as vision.

When light passes from one medium (material) to another it changes speed. This makes the light ray change direction.For example, this happens when light passes from water to air or from glass to water and is why objects can appear bent (E.g. a pencil in a glass of water).

Science – Light 2

Science – The periodic table

Formation of a stack

These features are formed on cliffs or headlands. Waves attack vertical lines of weakness in the

rock known as Faults. Processes such as hydraulic action and abrasion widen these faults into

cracks and eventually the waves will penetrate deeply enough to create caves.

Over time, the cave will be eroded into an arch, accessible to the sea on both sides.

Weathering will also play a role, with physical weathering processes such as freeze thaw and

salt crystallisation and chemical processes such as carbonation weakening the rock surrounding

the cave or arch making it more susceptible to mass movement

and collapse.

Finally, the erosion and weathering continues and the arch

collapses leaving behind a stack (a vertical column of rock).

These stacks can be attacked further, and eventually the stack

may collapse to leave a low lying stump.

Key Words for this Module

1. Erosion – wearing away of materials.

2. Hydraulic action. Air may become trapped in joints and

cracks on a cliff face. When a wave breaks, the

trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and

causes erosion.

3. Abrasion. Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff

surfaces like sandpaper.

4. Attrition. Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore

into each other, and they break and become

smoother.

5. Solution. Acids contained in sea water will dissolve some

types of rock such as chalk or limestone.

6. Transportation – the movement of eroded materials.

7. Arch – A wave-eroded passage through a small

headland. This begins as a cave formed in a headland

which is gradually widened and deepened until it cuts

through.

8. Cliff – a steep high rock face formed by weathering

and erosion along the coastline.

9. Hard engineering – the use of concrete and large

artificial structures by civil engineers to defend land

against natural erosion processes.

10. Soft engineering – managing erosion by working with

natural processes to help restore beaches and coastal

ecosystems.

Homework Tasks Module 2

Week 1 – Learn all 10 key words for a spelling test.

Week 2 – Learn the definitions to all key words for a definitions

test.

Week 3 – Revise and learn the formation of a stack for a test.

Week 4 - Revision for Module 2 Assessment

Week 5 – Module 2 Assessment

Week 6/7 - Teacher to set own homework for their class based

on assessment feedback

Week 8 – Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of

different types of sea defences.

Stretch and Challenge

Tasks Module 2

Task 1 – Describe the

similarities and

differences between

constructive and

destructive waves,

Task 4 – Describe hoe a

spit forms.

Task 2 – Explain why not

all areas of eroding

coast lines are protected

by sea defences.

Task 4 – Explain the

causes, effects and

responses to cliff

collapse.

Sea defences –

advantages &

disadvantages.

Geography

History

Computing

D&T Resistant Materials: Graphics

D&T Resistant Materials: Wind chime

Food Preparation and Nutrition

CONTEXTDeveloping drawing skills and use of the formal elements within Art and Design to prepare them for GCSE.Students will develop 3D design skills and explore how artists create a sense of self through portraiture. Students will further develop subject specific vocabulary and analysis skills.

THEMESDrawing facial features

Collage

Celebrity portraiture

Realism

Self-portrait

Picasso

Mask makingCartoon

ArtistsJenny Saville

Chris Ofili

Francis Bacon

Chuck Close

Pablo Picasso

Pez

Recommended Art EquipmentThese can be purchased through Wisepay and collected Tuesday and Thursday lunch.

A4 sketchbook, 2b and 4b pencil, rubber, sharpener, 30cm ruler, fine liner pen, biro, glue stick, colour pencils.

HomeworkModule 2• Family portrait• Self portrait in style of artist • Celebrity portrait • Refine self portrait

Art

Module 2 Weeks 1-3

Drawing the eyes and nose

Weeks 4-7

Drawing the mouth and eye collage

Week 8

Evaluate and refine

Art

Music

Drama

Drama

Dance

Dance

MFL German ‘Meine Freizeit’

MFL German ‘Meine Freizeit’

MFL German ‘Meine Freizeit’

PE - FootballTop tips for warm up and cool down1. Pulse raiser such as jogging,

high knees2. Dynamic stretching (stretches

on the move), lunges.3. Static stretching

Rules summaryGame is started by a kick off in the centre of the pitch, on the referee’s whistle The main game has 11 players on the pitch (goal keeper, defenders, midfielders and strikers) A referee and 2 linesmen will officiate the game. If the ball is played outside of the pitch lines, then the possession is given to the opposing team either as a throw in, goal keepers kick (off the floor) or corner. If a foul is committed a free kick or a penalty is issued ( depending on the incident) To score a goal, the ball must cross the opposition’s goal line. The team with the most goals at the end of the game will win the game

Team formation4-4-2 ( 4 defenders, 4 midfielders, 2 strikers) A traditional team set up5-4-1 ( 5 defenders-4 midfielders and 1 striker) a more defensive set up 3-5-1-1 (3 defenders, 5 midfielders, 2 strikers (one in front of the other) a more attacking set up. and 2 strikers 1 in front of each other) A more attacking set up.

Equipment needed1. Football boots with moulded

studs - or - Astro turf trainers

2. Shin pads3. Base layers to keep warm

Football positions

Key words and phrasesDribbling Warm up Cool Down Side foot Attack Defend Foul Referee Volley Accuracy

PE - NetballTop tips for warm up and cool down1. Pulse raiser such as jogging, high knees2. Dynamic stretching (stretches on the move), lunges.3. Static stretching

Rules summary• To start a game and after a goal is scored you go back

to the centre pass and players must receive in the centre third.

• The winning team is the one that scores the most goal posts (successful shots through the hoop).

• You can’t touch or push any player during the game as it is a non-contact sport, this will result in a penalty pass or if they contact you whilst you are in the shooting circle, you will get a penalty shot.

• If the player moves the landing foot or takes 3 steps with the ball, the other team gets a free pass.

• When you receive the ball from another player you will land with your feet using ‘1,2’ the first foot is your landing foot the second foot is your pivoting foot. PYoumay move around on a pivot by keeping foot number 1 on the floor, but not lifting it up, your foot number 2 can help you by moving around in a circle.

• You must be 1 metre away from the player you are marking before your arms go up and over the ball. If your defender is obstructing you before you shoot, you get a penalty shot.

• You can only hold the ball for 3 seconds before you pass or shoot.

• If you go into a third that you are not allowed in or if any other player than GS GA GK GD go into the shooting circle the other team gets a free pass.

Equipment needed1. Trainers2. Full PE kit3. Layers to keep warm

Netball positions

Key words and phrasesChest passFootworkShoulder passBounce passMarkingCentre passPivotPenalty

Cricket positions

PE – CricketTop tips for warm up and cool down1. Pulse raiser 2. Ballistic stretches (fast, jerky, swinging

stretches)3. Skill related practice

Rules summary• Two teams of 11 players. • Each team has a batting and bowling innings.• When one team is batting, they try and score as many runs as they

can by hitting the ball around the field, within a set boundary. • The other team try to get them out by bowling the ball overarm at

the stumps, which are at either end of a 22-yard area called a wicket. • The bowling team can get the batsmen out by hitting the stumps

when bowling, catching the ball or hitting the stumps when the batters are attempting to run and are not in their crease.

• Once the batting team is all out, the teams swap over and they then become the bowling side.

• One run is scored each time the batsmen cross and reach the crease at the other end of the wicket.

• Four runs can be scored if the ball crosses the boundary and the ball has bounced on the floor at least once.

• Six runs can be scored if the ball crosses the boundary and the ball has not bounced in the field of play.

• The team with the most runs wins.

Equipment needed1. Trainers2. Spare underwear to support a box (abdo

guard)

Key words and phrasesBatsmanBowlerWicket keeperAccuracyCoordination

PE – BasketballTop tips for warm up and cool down1. Pulse raiser such as jogging,

high knees2. Dynamic stretching (stretches

on the move), lunges.3. Static stretching

Rules summary• The games consists of 2 teams with 5 players on court. Aim to score as many

hoops, shooting through the basket, as you can in the time allocated. • Players cannot travel with the ball or perform a double dribble • Players cannot hold the ball for longer than 5 seconds • If ball goes out of play then a side line ball is taken from the opposite team. • Once the offense (attacking team) has brought the ball across the mid-court line,

they cannot go back across the line during possession. • Foul are given for hitting, holding or pushing an opponent. If a player fouls the

shooter, then 1-3 free throws can be awarded (each 1point). • 3 points are awarded if the ball is successfully shot through the hoop from

behind the three-point line. • 2 points are awarded if the basket is scored from within the three-point line.

Equipment needed1. Trainers2. Full PE kit

Basketball positions Key words and phrasesDribblingChest passBounce passSet shotLay upJump shotTriple threat positionAttackingDefending Rebounding

PE – GymnasticsTop tips for warm up and cool down1. Pulse raiser such as jogging,

high knees2. Dynamic stretching (stretches

on the move), lunges.3. Static stretching

Rules summary- Artistic Gymnastics is divided in Men’s and Women’s gymnastics.

- Male competitors can compete in 6 events:Parallel bars, pommel horse, vault, floor, high bar and steel rings.

- Female competitors can compete in 4 events: Vault, floor, uneven bars and beam.

- Competitors will receive two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. These will be out of 10.00.

- A fall on, on or off the event, is a 1.00 deduction.

- Gymnasts must present to the judges before they perform. A male gymnast will step forward and raise one arm straight, to the right side of their head. A female gymnast will step forward and raise both arms straight beside their head.

Equipment neededMarriotts sports topMarriotts PE shorts

Key words and phrases

FluencyConsistencyControlAesthetically pleasing Posture Cannon Unison

Key Skills

Forward/backward RollCartwheelHandstand HeadstandShoulder stand Front/back flick Front/back walkover