Knowledge Management Holism, constructivis Walter Baets, PhD, HDR A it D f R h Associate Dean for Research MBA Director Professor Complexity , Knowledge and Innovatio Euromed Marseille – Ecole de Management Erna Baets Oldenboom, MA, MPhil Professor Leadership, Sustainable Performance, t and Management Learning m and scientific practice on and Mind/Body Medicine
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Knowledge Management
Holism, constructivis
Walter Baets, PhD, HDRA i t D f R hAssociate Dean for ResearchMBA DirectorProfessor Complexity , Knowledge and InnovatioEuromed Marseille – Ecole de Management
DefinitionDefinitionE i lEpistemologyViews about the nature, tk l d ( h k knowledge (what makes t
OntologyPhilosophical investigation
h 1. What means ‘being’2. What exists l i h hilAn ontology is what philos
The ontology of a theory f th t b tfor a theory to be true
ns ns
the sources and the limits of b l f k l d )true beliefs into knowledge)
n of existence or being
h k isophers take to existis the things that have to existe
The essence
Pi t i ithi it Pictures science within its cthe absolute)
Provides a framework that apist m l ic l l ncepistemological relevance
(Philosophy of) science is of(Philosophy of) science is ofhistory (other than philoown logic)own logic)
of science
t f k ( t icontemporary framework (not in
allows judgement about the f th ( pplic ti n)e of a theory (or application)
ften embedded in sociology andften embedded in sociology andosophy that often develops its
My taxonomy of phil
Historical embeddingOrigin
PhilosotheoOrigin theo
Logical po(Wiene(Wiene
Critical ra(Pop
K h ’ dPhilosophy Kuhn’s paradLakatos
Symbolic int
Philosophy
yCritical t
ArchitectureArts
U f l it i
Feyerabend’sPostmoder
(Derida,Usefulness as a criteria (Derida, Foucault,
losophy of science
ophicalories
Designconsequencesories consequences
ositivism r Kreis)r Kreis)
ationalismpper)di th
DeductionInductionEmpiricismdigm theory
s theoryteractionism
EmpiricismHypotheses testingQualitative research
theories
Design paradigms chaostheoryrn theoriesApostel,
Design paradigm(van Aken)
Social construction oflitApostel,
Deleuze) realityDesign norms
My taxonomy of pMy taxonomy of pof science/2
Historical embeddingOrigin
PhilosotheoOrigin theo
R di l
Neurobiology
Radical con(MaturanaAutopoiesip
Self-referen
CognitiveCognitiveArtificial
Intelligence
Paradigm(Frankli
hilosophy hilosophy
ophicalories
Designconsequencesories consequences
t ti i Dynamic re-creationnstructivism, Mingers)is (Varela)
Dynamic re creationThe emergence ofobject and subjectLocal (contextual)( )
nce (Gödel) Local (contextual)validity
m of mindn, Kim)
Adaptive systemsImplicit learning
The pre-history ofp yof science
Pre-Cartesian/Pre-GalileChurch is the seat of scieS i i t t fi Science exists to confirm Science is the ‘common seIn fact it is holisticIn fact it is holistic
17th to the 19th centuryI think,therefor I amExperimentationThe role of the researcheThe role of the researche
(yet) questionedAbsolute Newtonian frame
concept)MeasurabilityTh d f h li ti thi kiThe end of holistic thinkin
philosophyp p y
an period (before 17th century)nce li i religion
ense’
y
er as involved subject was noter as involved subject was not
ework (absolute time and space( p
i ing in science
Th 20 h The 20th ce
Breakthrough of relativity(objective measurementand quantum mechanics
Comparing the validity of tEinstein) needs differe
1931 G d l’ h (1931: Gödel’s theorem (genreasoning can no longer
Box of PaBox of Pa
ntury
y theory (Einstein)t can no longer be claimed)(it is all interpretation)
theories (e.g. Lorentz versus ent methods
l l d f b l neral validity of symbolic r be claimed)
andoraandora
Critical ratioCritical ratio
Popper: 1902 - 1994
Principle of falsification
Knowledge needs continuou
Induction is not always valifrom ‘all observed Afrom all observed A
Only knowledge as a producOnly knowledge as a produc‘an epistemology with
subject’jNo ‘context of disco
onalismonalism
usly improved (=characteristic)
id are B’ to ‘all A are B’ are B to all A are B
ct is importantct s mportanthout a knowing
overy’
Causality is a consequence ofin itself (in line with
Scientific discovery leads fr
Unity of method in all empirisciences
The idea that the developme(and hence is fixed) (and hence is fixed) for freedom and demviewpoint ?)
Subject of social sciences is
f the methodology, not a conceptlogical empiricism)
rom the known to the unknown
ical sciences, including social
ent of a society can be forecastedis for Popper a serious threatis for Popper a serious threat
mocracy (political or scientific
s ‘rational choice decisions’
Kuhn’s paradigm Kuhn s paradigm (1922 - 1996)
Confronted prevailing philosp g pof science
History of science did not f
Particularly influential in th
Science always fits within a
Science is also a potential abest the political situ
theory theory
sophies with the historyp y
follow its own rules
he social sciences
a context, a time-period
act: who fits uation
Not the method makes theacceptance (peer evap (p
Context of discovery and cybe subdivided
Methodological rules for thit are choices
Periods of ‘normal sciences
‘scientific revolution’ (
e difference, but the socialaluation)u )
context of justification cannotj
heories are never mandatory,
s’ peer evaluationp
choices (cf Lakatos)
b l Symbolic intera
Developed within the social
Opposes logical positivism
Opposes the object/subject
Cause-effect relationships (behaviorIt attempts to undeIt attempts to unde
George Herbert Mead (1863g H M ( 6of John Dewey (1859
actionism
sciences
t viewpoint of critical rationalism
(Popper) are replaced by reason-
rstand (predict) and influencerstand, (predict) and influence
3-1932) based on pragmatism9 ) n p gm m9-1952)
PragmatismPragmatismtruth is based on usbased only on what
metaphysics
No value free scienceNo value free science
A lot of behavior is rule-bafrules
S i l t t i dSocial context is expressed
Interactionism refers to tInteractionism refers to t
Does this theory re-introd
sability (see design paradigm) can be observed (againsts)
ased, social context decides the ,
d i b l ( i )d in symbols (signs)
he dynamics of the processhe dynamics of the process
uces a holistic view ?
F b d’ ChFeyerabend’s Cha(1924-1994)(1924 1994)
S i ntifi ‘p ti ’ in ntScientific practice in contObservation: non-experts i
against prevailing aagainst prevailing acommunity.
Science is essentially anarc anarchism is more h
to encourage progralternativesalternatives.
The only principle that doe‘anything goes’.y g g
We may advance science bycounterinductively
I f t t d i In fact a postmodern view
Thaos Theory
t st ith s i ntifi m th dtrast with scientific method.identified new developments
assumptions in the scientificassumptions in the scientific
chic enterprise: theoretical l lhumanitarian and more likely
ress than its law-and-order
es not inhibit progress is
y proceeding
i on science
lf d Self-producing systradical constructivisradical constructivis
Maturana, Varela, Gödel, Min
Biological principle of self-pr= Autopoeisis
Has been interpreted a lot byHas been interpreted a lot by
In opposition to the focus onppVarela pick out the sian amoebae) as the ce
Individual autonomy, self-defwithin an organismwithin an organism