1 Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance with Road Safety and Protective Measures Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in a Semi-Urban Setting in Nigeria ABSTRACT Background: The operation of commercial motorcycles has eased the transport difficulties encountered by people. Thus, we can say that the Okada business has filled a significant gap in the public transport system in Nigeria. With commercial motorcycles, people can now go to areas previously impregnable by conventional means of transportation. However, the average motorcyclist spends more than ten hours a day on the road and is directly exposed to numerous environmental hazards, including road traffic accidents and related crash accidents of varying severity levels. There was also an increase in road traffic collisions associated with commercial motorcycling, increasing hospital injuries. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and compliance with safety protective measures among commercial motorcycle riders in Ado-Odo Ota LGA of Ogun State, Nigeria. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Ado Odo Ota, a local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from the respondents using a stratified random sampling technique to identify potential respondents in the study. First, all motorcycle parks were listed based on the significant divisions they belong to. A total of twenty parks were identified: four motorcycle parks from each of the five main divisions. Then, data collection was done by simple random sampling technique of 19 respondents from 15 more significant parks and 18 from five smaller parks from each of the previously selected parks. The data collected include demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, safety devices, and compliance with safety measures among owners and hired riders. The IBM-Statistical Package did data processing for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 25.0 for Windows IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. Descriptive statistics and the details presented in the distribution frequency and percentage tables were used to interpret the data to provide a clear image of the results. Results: Most motorcycle riders (69.0%) own the motorcycles, while 31.0% either hired it in installments or rented specific amounts for daily delivery. The majority of the riders were between 25 and 44 years, with the peak age of 35 – 44 (38.0%), and the majority were
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Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance with Road Safety and
Protective Measures Among Commercial Motorcycle Riders in
a Semi-Urban Setting in Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Background: The operation of commercial motorcycles has eased the transport difficulties
encountered by people. Thus, we can say that the Okada business has filled a significant gap
in the public transport system in Nigeria. With commercial motorcycles, people can now go
to areas previously impregnable by conventional means of transportation. However, the
average motorcyclist spends more than ten hours a day on the road and is directly exposed
to numerous environmental hazards, including road traffic accidents and related crash
accidents of varying severity levels. There was also an increase in road traffic collisions
associated with commercial motorcycling, increasing hospital injuries. This study aims to
assess the knowledge, attitude, and compliance with safety protective measures among
commercial motorcycle riders in Ado-Odo Ota LGA of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Ado Odo Ota, a
local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used in
collecting data from the respondents using a stratified random sampling technique to
identify potential respondents in the study. First, all motorcycle parks were listed based on
the significant divisions they belong to. A total of twenty parks were identified: four
motorcycle parks from each of the five main divisions. Then, data collection was done by
simple random sampling technique of 19 respondents from 15 more significant parks and
18 from five smaller parks from each of the previously selected parks. The data collected
include demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, safety devices, and compliance
with safety measures among owners and hired riders. The IBM-Statistical Package did data
processing for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 25.0 for Windows IBM Corp., Armonk,
NY, USA. Descriptive statistics and the details presented in the distribution frequency and
percentage tables were used to interpret the data to provide a clear image of the results.
Results: Most motorcycle riders (69.0%) own the motorcycles, while 31.0% either hired it
in installments or rented specific amounts for daily delivery. The majority of the riders were
between 25 and 44 years, with the peak age of 35 – 44 (38.0%), and the majority were
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married (86.9%). More than half (53.7%) had secondary education, had children (90.6%),
and have been doing commercial riding work for seven or more years (49.7%). Generally,
the riders’ awareness of road safety measures was very poor, with only 22.2% having high
knowledge and 42.5% having poor knowledge. Overall level awareness of road safety
measures was significantly higher (24.8%) among riders who own motorcycles than those
who hired (16.4%), P<0.05. Significantly higher knowledge was found among respondents
aged 18 – 24 years (58.8%) than all other age groups (<25%), P<0.05). Similarly, married
respondents and those that had children showed a higher level of awareness (24.0%) and
(23.6%), respectively (p<0.05). Awareness significantly increased with education
attainment from 15.4% high knowledge among those without formal education to 40.7%
among those who attained tertiary education (p<0.05). Riders who own motorcycles showed
a better attitude (27.5%) than those who hired or rented motorcycles (20.7%) (p<0.05).
Similarly, positive attitude towards road safety measures increased with an increase in age
from 23.5% among riders aged 18 – 24 years and 32.4% among 35 – 44 years. More married
riders (28.0%) showed a good attitude than unmarried (p<0.001). A positive attitude towards
safety and preventive measures was also higher among those who attained secondary
(33.8%) and tertiary (27.1%) education than those who only attained primary (12.5%)
(p<0.001). Availability of helmets during the interview was (69.8%) and higher (76.4%)
among those who ride owned motorcycles than those who hired/rented theirs (55.2%),
p<0.001.). The majority of the riders had two functioning indicators (79.9%) but
significantly higher (85.3%) among those who hired/rented bikes than those who used
owned motorcycles (77.5%) (p<0.001). On the other hand, the overall availability of wing
mirrors was (57.8%) with 56.9% among those who rented/hired motorcycles and 58.1%
among those who used owned bikes (p>0.05). The overall prevalence of accidents was
45.2%, with 56.0% among those who rented/hired bikes, significantly higher than 40.3%
among those who use the owned bike (p<0.005). The majority of those who had accidents
in the last six months had 1-2 accidents (80.5%), mainly among those who hire motorcycles
(90.8%) than those who did not (74.0%), (p<0.05). Most of the accidents occurred during
the day (82.2%) and mainly on the highways (70.4%) (p>0.05). More than half (56.4%) was
hit from behind as the higher mode of accidents. The overall knowledge of the implications
of motorcycle accidents was (65.6%) among those who rented/hired bikes, higher than those
who use owned bikes (60.2%) (p<0.05). The significant challenges facing motorcycle riders
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in the LGA include high ticket (46.4%) and poor road networks (45.6%). Others include
lack of parking space (4.8%) and regular stoppage by the FRSC, the Police, and TRACE
(3.3%) to extort money from them.
Conclusion: The knowledge of the consequences of motorcycle accidents was fair among
all the riders. Also, the study found a fair attitude towards road safety and accident
preventive measures among all respondents. Based on self-reported accidents in the last 12
months, the study concludes that there was a high prevalence of motorcycle accidents in the
LGA. The prevalence was significantly higher among riders who rented/hired motorcycles
than those who owned the motorcycles. The study also found a reduced accident rate among
riders who had good knowledge of road safety and preventive measures. The knowledge
was found to increase with an increase in age and education attainment. Also, married
people showed a better understanding and attitude towards road safety and preventive