Kma watersupplyproject

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JA-L1035 Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) Water Supply

Improvement Project Environmental and Social Analysis

June 2011

Prepared by: Ianthe Smith, Environmental Engineering Consultant

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Background of Water Sector in Jamaica ................................................................................................ 5 3.0 Project Description ................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Project Team ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Component 1 Design Elements ......................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Component 2 Design Elements ....................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Component 3 Design Elements ....................................................................................................... 14 3.5 Component 4 Design Elements ....................................................................................................... 17

4.0 Regulatory and Institutional Framework ............................................................................................. 19 4.1 Applicable Policies and Plans ........................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Applicable Legislation and Standards .............................................................................................. 21

5.0 The Application Process ........................................................................................................................ 27 6.0 Regulatory Gaps ...................................................................................................................................... 28 7.0 Environmental Baseline ......................................................................................................................... 29 7.1 General Climate .................................................................................................................................. 29 7.2 Natural Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 32 7.3 Geomorphology ................................................................................................................................. 33 7.4 Geology ................................................................................................................................................ 34 7.5 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................................ 37 7.6 Soil ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 7.7 Biological Baseline .............................................................................................................................. 44

8.0 Socio-Economic Baseline ...................................................................................................................... 47 9.0 Impact Identification .............................................................................................................................. 52 9.1 Negative Impacts ................................................................................................................................ 53 9.2 Positive Impacts (Construction and Operational Phase) ............................................................. 62

10.0 Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................................................ 64 11.0 Disaster Vulnerability ............................................................................................................................. 66 12.0 Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan ........................................................................... 67 13.0 Safety ......................................................................................................................................................... 70 14.0 Gender and Equality Opportunities ..................................................................................................... 70 15.0 Gap Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 71 16.0 References ................................................................................................................................................ 73

TABLES

Table 1 - Water Production Facilities to be Rehabilitated ................................................................................ 7 Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants to be Rehabilitated ...................................................................................... 7 Table 3 - Water Production Facilities to be Rehabilitated under the EEIP................................................. 15 Table 4 - Implementation Plan for the EEIP ................................................................................................... 16 Table 5- Approvals Required .............................................................................................................................. 28 Table 6 Average Temperature at Meteorological Stations 1977-2008 .......................................................... 29 Table 7 - Population of Kingston 2001, 2002 & 2008 .................................................................................... 47 Table 8 - Negative Environmental Impacts during construction .................................................................. 56 Table 9 - Positive Impact Classification ............................................................................................................ 63 Table 10 – Construction Impact Classification and Mitigation Measures ................................................... 64 Table 11 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan ...................................................................... 68

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FIGURES

Figure 1 - Red Hills and Forest Hills Area .......................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2 Google map showing pipeline from Ferry to Rock Pond Tank ................................................... 10 Figure 3 - Schematic of the treatment works for the artificial recharge project .......................................... 12 Figure 4 - New Pipeline Ferry to Rock Pond Tank, Forest Hills .................................................................. 13 Figure 5 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall Distribution (mm) by Parishes (1951-1980) ............................ 30 Figure 6 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall (mm) for Kingston and St. Andrew (1951-1980) ................... 30 Figure 7 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall (mm) for St. Catherine (1951-1980) ......................................... 31 Figure 8 - Earthquake Events in Jamaica, 1973- June 20, 2011 ..................................................................... 32 Figure 9 - Storms (including Hurricanes, Tropical Storms and Depressions) Affecting Jamaica between

1990-2009 ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 10 - Geology Map..................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 11 - Hydrology Map - May Pen and Old Harbour .............................................................................. 40 Figure 12 - Hydrology Map - Kingston, St. Andrew and Spanish Town ..................................................... 41 Figure 13 - Soils Map ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 14 - Summary of Biodiversity in Jamaica .............................................................................................. 45 Figure 15 - Biogeographical Zones of Jamaica ................................................................................................ 46

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JA-L1035 Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) Water Supply Improvement Project

Environmental and Social Analysis

1.0 Introduction

An assessment of the water supply and sanitation systems in Jamaica has indicated that there is an urgent need for improvements and upgrades to be made to the existing infrastructure to meet growing demands and improve service delivery. Poorly maintained and limited equipment, outdated technology, and a shortage of technical staff are some of the challenges being faced by the National Water Commission (NWC) in the execution of its duties. The widespread dissatisfaction with water and sanitation services grew rapidly in the latter half of the 1990s, resulting in civil unrest and growing discontent amongst NWC consumers. To address the inefficiencies, several initiatives were undertaken by the Government of Jamaica (GOJ), including a partnership which was forged in 1996 with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The GOJ/IDB partnership is aimed at making a collective improvement in the water and sanitation delivery system in Jamaica through various project ventures. These include the rehabilitation and improvement of water infrastructure, rehabilitation of sewage pumping stations and sewage systems, exploration and improvement of water supply sources and institutional reorganisation and modernisation of the operational functions of the NWC. The GOJ’s objective is to increase access to potable water to 100% by 2015 with at least 85% of the population having in-house taps and the remainder utilising other acceptable modalities. Under the proposed GOJ/IDB KMA Water Supply Improvement Project there are several projects. However this document focuses on four specific project components related only to water systems upgrade. These include: (i) Rehabilitation of the potable water supply for Kingston and St. Andrew Area (ii) Rehabilitation of the potable water supply for the Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) (iii) Energy Efficiency improvements; and (iv) Institutional strengthening of the NWC. The GOJ is requesting a loan operation of US$133 million to fund the implementation of the various projects under these Components. The identified project designs and associated works to be completed for each project has indicated that keen attention must be paid to the overall environmental footprint of the proposed projects, both on an individual and collective basis. The improvements to be made are likely to have social, economic and environmental benefits during the construction and operational phase of the project. However there can be negative environmental and social impacts, in the absence of proper and effective mitigation strategies and plans. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the potential environmental and social impacts the water systems project activities are likely to have, it is necessary for an Environmental and Social Analysis (ESA) to be prepared. The ESA will provide an overview of proposed works and development activities for each of the four (4) project components to be funded by the IDB and implemented by the NWC. The ESA will examine the proposed scope of works for each project component and assess, using an established set of criteria, the potential environmental and social impacts that are likely to occur within the preconstruction, construction and operational phases of the projects. It is important to note that this ESA will examine the impacts of the projects, based on preliminary engineering designs and works.

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2.0 Background of Water Sector in Jamaica

The water sector in Jamaica is supported by several agencies, key amongst which is the Water Resources Authority (WRA). The WRA has responsibility for the regulation, control and management of Jamaica’s water resources and is the sole water management agency in Jamaica. The WRA oversees the withdrawal of water from over 640 wells across the island. The NWC and the National Irrigation Commission (NIC) are the other two major players within the sector and are responsible for potable water supply and irrigation utility services respectively. The NWC is a statutory organisation charged with the responsibility of providing potable water and wastewater services for the people of Jamaica. It produces more than 90% of Jamaica's total potable water supply from a network of more than 160 underground wells, over 116 river sources (via water treatment plants) and 147 springs island wide. Water provided to the population is taken from two major sources: surface water and groundwater. Surface water comes from reservoirs and rivers while groundwater comes from wells that the NWC drills into aquifers1. Some wells are relatively shallow, 15 to 30 meters (50 to 100 feet) deep; others are much deeper. Springs are another source of water which begin underground as groundwater. More than 60% of Jamaica’s water supply is from underground sources (NWC, 2011)2. The Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions (PIOJ, 2011) estimated that 93% of the Jamaican population had access to safe potable water supplies in 2008; 18 percentage points higher than 2005 figures. Within the urban areas, an estimated 98% of persons had access to potable water supplies, compared to 89% in rural areas. Access to water, was via private household connections for 87% of persons in urban areas compared to 47% in rural areas; where an estimated 30% still access water from untreated sources. In the KMA, between 70-80% of households are said to have formal household connections. In spite of the high levels of water coverage in both urban and rural areas, the quality of the water supply and service has remained more inconsistent and unreliable. The NWC is the largest provider of domestic and commercial water supply on the island and has noted that poor maintenance and highly depreciating infrastructure has led to an overall poorly operated water distribution system. Water service disruptions have become increasingly frequent in both urban and rural areas as the supporting infrastructure has become old and dilapidated. It has been estimated that

more than one-third (⅓) of the current population has services that can be considered inadequate. The water services sector, which has been undergoing revamping within the last decade in response to mounting public criticisms, has been plagued by the following issues:

a. Competition for water sources b. The need to protect surface water from pollution sources c. Groundwater contamination d. Unreliable and insufficient water supplies during the dry season e. Poor water quality at source f. High treatment costs g. Lack of convenient access to potable water by rural households h. Reliance on untreated water from streams and rivers by significant proportion of the poor i. Resistance to increasing the price paid for water

1 An aquifer is an underground geologic formation which contains and transmits groundwater 2 http://www.nwcjamaica.com/FAQs.asp#new3

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In the KMA, water theft and widespread illegal connections has limited the revenue earnings for the NWC from the water sector, and has remained one of the more pressing issues affecting the water service delivery system in the region. With an estimated 40% of the island’s population living within the KMA, the reduction in the levels of unaccounted for water (UFW) and non-revenue water (NRW) has become a priority issue. The NWC has indicated that improvement in the water service delivery system will require consumers having to pay more for water, but this has been met with increasing resistance by the public. Frequent lock-offs, leaking mains, and poor water quality are few of the issues raised by consumers as their reasons for not being willing to pay a higher cost for water services. The current consumption pattern and the non-corresponding revenue earning, has made improvement works necessary to ensure the sustainable growth of the water supply delivery system in Jamaica.

3.0 Project Description

This section provides a brief overview of the activities and associated works of each project. The intention is to give an account of the various features of, and components associated with the projects. These include the location, design, size and general layout (footprint), engineering and design works, phasing of implementation (including scheduling), construction and operational activities, project team composition and implementing agency, population to be served and the associated civil and infrastructural works.

3.1 Project Team

The National Water Commission will be the executing agency on all project components with support from other key government agencies.

3.2 Component 1 Design Elements

1. Component 1 comprises the rehabilitation of the potable water supply for Kingston and St. Andrew Area (KSA). The new IDB loan will finance the completion of the works designed under IDB LO-1559/OC-JA – the Kingston Water and Sanitation Project (KWSP), including the rehabilitation of selected water treatment and production facilities; and reduction of commercial and physical losses which comprise non-revenue water (NRW) in the KSA.

The NWC's operating efficiencies are very low especially in the areas of NRW and energy consumption. This is partly due to the state of the existing assets as well as operating practices. NRW is estimated (due to inadequate metering) to be in excess of 65%, despite a number of interventions. Energy costs are approximately 30% of total operating costs.

A perennial challenge facing the NWC has been an inability to recover the full cost of service from consumers. This is partly due to inadequate tariffs as well as excessive losses and inefficiencies. The existing socio-economic challenges in Jamaica also contribute to the financial difficulties being faced by the utility. In order to address the financial viability issues, NWC will need to grow its revenues, improve collections, reduce costs and practice improved financial management.

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Component 1 also includes: 1. an artificial limestone aquifer recharge system at Inswood designed to sustain the water

resource capacity in western Spanish Town; 2. construction of a Relift Scheme with a new pumping main from Ferry to the Rock Pond

Water Tank in Red Hills to address the deficit in supply in the Forest Hills/ Red Hill areas with water from the new Rio Cobre Water Treatment Plant;

Component 1 is a US$103 million investment with IDB funding through the loan US$84.5 million. 1. Rehabilitation of Potable Water Supply Systems The overall goal of these extensive rehabilitation works is to ensure that water production facilities are being operated at their maximum (design) capacity and under this component twenty six (26) water production stations will be rehabilitated and two (2) water treatment plants (Table 1 and Table 2). The rehabilitation works to be carried out on the water production facilities will include:

a. Distribution main replacement b. Installation of bulk flow and electromagnetic flow meters c. Assessment and where necessary replacement of the pumping equipment, chlorination

and motor control centres

Table 1 - Water Production Facilities to be Rehabilitated

1. White Marl Wells 1, 2 & 3 2. Ferry Relift 3. Molynes Road Booster 4. Gordon Town Relift 5. Gordon Town Reservoir 6. Kirkland Heights PS and

Reservoir 7. Brentwood Reservoir and

Relift 8. Chancery Hall Reservoir and

Chancery Hall Heights Relift Station

9. Chancery Hall Estates Reservoir # 1and Relift pumping Station

10. Chancery Hall Estates Reservoir # 2 and Relift pumping Station

11. Chancery Hall well 12. Chancery Hall Heights

Reservoir #3 13. Forest Hill Well 14. Sterling Castle Reservoir 15. Rock Pond Reservoir 16. Hydra Drive pumping

station 17. Forest Hill reservoir and

relift station 18. Havendale No. 2 Well

19. Havenmeade PS 20. Montgomery Corner

Well & reservoir 21. Ferry Hill Reservoir 22. Ursa Major Reservoir 23. Hope Pastures

Reservoir 24. Hope Pastures

Pumping Station 25. Hope High Level

Pumping Station 26. Hope High Level

Reservoir

The Mona and Hope Water Treatment Plants, a component of the KWSP will be rehabilitated under this new IDB loan. Project works will include minor rehabilitation of the raw water collection, transmission and storage facilities. The aqueduct supplying raw water to the Hope Water Treatment Plant will also undergo minor rehabilitation works.

Table 2 - Water Treatment Plants to be Rehabilitated

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Mona Water Treatment Plant capacity: 16.0 imgd (840 lps)

Hope Water Treatment Plant capacity: 6.6 imgd (350 lps)

(Note: imgd = imperial million gallons per day; lps = litres per second)

Appendix 1 provides details on the work to be done on the 28 facilities.

2. Reduction of non-revenue water (NRW)

Activities under the NRW project include the following: 1. Water Distribution Development which includes building a calibrated computer model for

water distribution throughout KSA. 2. Mains replacement and leakage reduction and control aimed at reducing NRW in the KSA

to 25% of production by hiring a NRW Reduction Specialist Contractor (NRWSC) during an agreed period under a performance based arrangement. The activities to be undertaken will include:

a. Source metering b. Establishing District Metering Areas (DMAs) c. Quantifying Baseline Flows (MNF3) d. Constructing QMS4/GIS5 database e. Assessing DMA consumption f. Identifying illegal connections g. Assessing in property wastage h. Active leakage control i. Mains replacement j. Leak repairs k. Replacing/Refurbishing pressure reducing valves ( PRVs) l. Establishing distribution supply zones m. Maintaining and improving the calibrated computer model for water distribution

3. Rehabilitation of Water Supply Networks in Forest Hills and Red Hills

A key aspect of Component 1 is the reduction of leakage from the water distribution network in sections of St. Andrew, improving operational efficiency and reducing the costs of maintenance. The cost of water delivered via the Forest Hills System to the Forest Hills/Red Hills areas is significantly higher than the average cost of water produced in Kingston and St. Andrew. This makes it particularly important to address the level of NRW in this area. NRW is the difference between the volume of water produced and the volume billed. The plan is to carry out extensive refurbishing of the water distribution system associated with the Forest Hills System. This refurbishing will involve rehabilitating/ replacing/ upgrading

3 MNF - Minimum Night Flows 4 QMS - Query Management System 5 GIS – Geographic Information System

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existing pressure control facilities and the replacement of the distribution mains. The new distribution mains will range from 100 mm to 800 mm in diameter. Rehabilitation works in the Red Hills/Forest Hill areas will include: a. Leak detection along 77 km of pipelines within the project area. Works to be conducted

will include repair or replacement of pipes. Preliminary data has indicated there are approximately 231 leaks.

b. Replacement of fittings including replacement of thirteen (13) pressure reducing valves (PRVs), twenty four (24) gate valves, twenty (20) air valves and ten (10) fire hydrants.

c. Installation of new automatic flow valves (AVs) - Twenty (20) automatic flow valves installed to prevent overflow at four (4) reservoirs.

d. Installation of District Meters (DMs) and Establishment of District Metering Areas (DMAs): This activity will result in the installation of district meters (DMs) and implementation of a customer zoning system. DMs will be installed in the designated zones and used to monitor production and usage of water supplies for each zone. This will assist the NWC in becoming more efficient at leak detection and production loss detection.

e. Replacement of pumping station equipment: Five (5) pumping stations will be rehabilitated.

Figure 1 - Red Hills and Forest Hills Area

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Figure 2 Google map showing pipeline from Ferry to Rock Pond Tank

4. Artificial Limestone Aquifer Recharge at Innswood

The site of the Artificial Recharge for Greater Spanish Town is located at Innswood in Western St. Catherine. The Artificial Recharge work comprises the establishment of facilities to increase the groundwater potential in the limestone aquifer, by treating and discharging surplus surface water into sinkholes and wells, in order to sustain the abstraction of wells located in the area due west of Spanish Town. These works are intended to divert surplus irrigation water from the Old Harbour Branch of the Rio Cobre Irrigation System into a treatment facility, treating the water, and then conveying and discharging the treated water into existing sinkholes and wells.

The activities will include:

1. Construction of Phase 1 of the treatment facility, 2. Construction of 2# settling basins and 4# wetland beds, splitter/ inlet/ collection

chambers, inlet/outlet channels and pipes 3. Installation and construction of overflow facilities 4. Construction of boundary fence and gate 5. Construction of a raw-water intake structure, 6. Installation of approximately 1,140 m of new 800 mm diameter raw-water pipeline, with

an access road over the pipeline, 7. Installation of approximately 950 m of new 800 mm diameter treated-water pipeline,

with an access road over the pipeline, 8. Installation of approximately 50 m of new 60 mm diameter treated-water pipeline, with

an access road over the pipeline, 9. Construction of access roads, inlet pipework and observation/inflow-monitoring

facilities for 3# sinkholes,

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10. Construction of access roads, inlet pipework and observation/inflow-monitoring facilities for 2# existing deepwells

The proposed scheme at Innswood is to divert water from the Old Harbour Canal through a series of detention ponds and constructed wetlands basins to reduce turbidity and suspended solids and improve the canal water prior to recharge. The water retained within the constructed wetlands basins will then flow by gravity to the 3 No. sinkholes and 1 No. borehole within the Innswood area via pipes or open channels. The use of a borehole placed in a strategic position has been proposed to help distribute recharge waters evenly into the aquifer over the Innswood area, maximise the recharge rate and lessen the effects of groundwater mounding. The design of the detention basin scheme is based on the following hydraulic parameters:

• Maximum flow rate of 36 Ml/d.;

• The sediment trap efficiency is based on best practice design which suggests approximately 1 day hydraulic retention time at the average wastewater flow rate, as most settleable and suspended solids are removed within this time period. The settling zone should be deep enough to provide adequate accumulation and storage of settled solids, but shallow enough to allow the growth of emergent vegetation.

• Retention time of 24 hours;

• Depth of water in the pond of approximately 2 m;

• 3 No. operational ponds to be used; 1 No. additional pond to provide contingency during maintenance of the operational ponds.

• Length to width ratio of each pond is selected to encourage plug flow. The design of the constructed wetland basins is based on the following hydraulic parameters:

• Maximum flow rate of 36 Ml/d.;

• A hydraulic loading rate of 1.2 m3/d/m2

• Depth of water in the pond of approximately 0.5 m;

• 3 No. operational ponds to be used; 1 No. additional pond to provide contingency during maintenance of the operational ponds.

• Length to width ratio of each pond is selected to encourage plug flow. The conceptual design has also considered the layout of the scheme with regard to topography. The area of land slopes to the southwest from a maximum elevation in the north eastern part of the site at 26.5 m aSL to 20.89 m aSL in the southwestern part of the site. The proposed system will feed the sinkholes or boreholes through a gravity feed system of open channels or pipes, therefore the topographical profile of the site is suitable for the proposed scheme. The detention and constructed wetland basins will have the facility to be fed individually. Each basin will also have an individual outlet to waste, i.e. during storm events or events where high turbidity/suspended solids is experienced the water feed from the canal may be stopped. Figure 3 shows a schematic of the proposed artificial recharge project.

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Figure 3 - Schematic of the treatment works for the artificial recharge project

5. Ferry Station To Rock Pond Water Tank

The inadequacy of water supply has been a major constraint to the further development of areas such as Plantation Height and upper sections of Red Hills (Belvedere, Coopers Hill, Cypress Hall, etc.) in the north-western section of St. Andrew. A number of proposed housing developments have not being permitted in these areas by the planning authorities because of the limited supply of water there. The existing supply to these areas is largely based on the water obtained from the Forest Hills Water Supply System. This system comprises the Forest Hills well and a series of relift pumping facilities. This system is now the only means to serve the large residential community of Forest Hills, Kirkland Heights, Brentwood and Sterling Castle. The supply to these communities is therefore vulnerable to long disruptions in supply in the event of failure in elements of this supply system. It is proposed to construct a multiple relift water supply scheme to move some one (1) mgd of the additional water that will be made available at the Ferry Pump Station from the new Rio Cobre Water Treatment Plant into areas such as Plantation Heights, Sterling Castle (upper Forest Hills/Red Hills) and onwards to areas such as Coopers Hill. This new scheme will comprise:

• Six (6) kilometres of 200mm diameter ductile iron pumping mains;

• Three pump stations (3x120 kW pump); and

• Three water storage tanks each 45 m3 storage capacity

• Construction of one (1)70 kW pump to boost water from Rock Pond reservoir to Red Hills distribution system.

For the pipeline from Ferry to the Rock Pond tank (upper Red Hills), the 200 mm diameter pumping main will be laid under the Ferry parochial road; it will then follow a section that will

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be cut through the hill by Caymanas Estate and then follow a parochial road up to Rock Pond in the upper Red Hills area.

Figure 4 - New Pipeline Ferry to Rock Pond Tank, Forest Hills

6. Preliminary Project Implementation Schedule

This Component is expected to be implemented throughout the entire programme scheduled from 2011 to 2015.


Component 2 comprises water supply improvement works in selected rural areas adjoining the KMA. Improvement works under Component 2 is a US$25 million investment in the water supply sector with the IDB providing US$20 million under the loan.

1. Water Supply Improvement works in Rural Towns

Rehabilitation activities aimed at water supply improvement in rural areas, will be carried out in three towns: Mandeville, Old Harbour and May Pen. Project activities include:

1. Source improvement and/or development

DN 200 mm ductile iron pipes

Pumping Stations

Rio Cobre Pipeline

Existing Network

Rock Pond Tank

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2. Repair, replacement and/or upgrade of distribution mains 3. Reduction in the levels of NRW:

a. Leak detection: leak detection activities will be carried out along existing pipelines within the project areas. Works to be conducted will include repair or replacement of pipes.

b. Replacement of fittings: this will include replacement of pressure reducing valves (PRVs), gate valves, and air valves.

c. Installation of new automatic flow valves (AVs): automatic flow valves will be installed to prevent overflow.

d. Replacement of pumping station equipment

This part of the project is still at the conceptual stage and there are no designs available as yet.


The water supply improvement works in rural towns is expected to commence in 2012 and extend over a period of 24 months, concluding in 2014.


The conceptual framework for the Energy Efficiency Improvement Project (EEIP) was finalised based on the recommendations of the RG-T1605 “Energy Efficiency for Caribbean Water and Sanitation Companies.” The main goal of the Energy Efficiency Improvement Project (EEIP) is the reduction in energy consumption and improvement in the quality of service delivered by the NWC to its consumers. This will be achieved by improving the electromechanical efficiency of selected water production facilities (pumping/lift stations, reservoirs, wells, etc.) in urban and rural areas. To achieve this goal, there are three (3) target objectives:

1. Optimizing the efficiency of pumping systems 2. Implementing improvements in the operation and maintenance framework of the NWC 3. Implementing a company-wide staff training programme in the areas of operation,

maintenance and energy efficiency at pumping stations.

This Component is divided into four (4) sections: 1. Structural measures for immediate implementation - the actions the company will

make to formalize the operational structure of the Energy Management Committee (EMC) and initiate its activities.

2. Investment actions for immediate implementation - investments that the company will make to strengthen areas of existing operation and maintenance.

3. Short term investment actions - investments that the company will implement in the short-term, such as replacing equipment that is working inefficiently and operational improvements in pumping stations with simple payback (less than 1 year).

4. Medium term investment actions - investments that the company will implement in the medium-term, such as replacing equipment that is working inefficiently and operational improvements in pumping stations that have a longer payback period (more than 1 year).

The IDB is funding the total value of this Component at US$14 million.

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1. Rehabilitation of Pumping Equipment

The rehabilitation of inefficient pumping equipment will be undertaken in the short and medium term. Rehabilitation works will include the replacement of pumping equipment and improvement of electric motors’ operation to increase and improve overall operating capacity of the pumps at these water production facilities in urban and rural areas of the island.

Table 3 outlines the stations and the number of pumps to be rehabilitated in the short and medium terms.

Table 3 - Water Production Facilities to be Rehabilitated under the EEIP Short-term Action

Projects No. of

pumps to be rehabilitated

Medium- term Action Projects

No. of pumps to be rehabilitated

Hope F/P 7 Greater Mandeville Peppers wells

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Mineral Heights 1 Duhaney Park 2

Woodside/May Pen 4 Cavalier Well 1

Iterborale 5 Martha Brae 2 Aqualta Vale 2 Logwood 2 Great Mandeville Porus 5 Negril 1 Greater Mandeville Gutters 2 Great Mandeville Porus /Comfort

1

Great Mandeville Porus/Broadleaf

1


The proposed Energy Efficiency Improvement Project will be implemented in four (4) phases (Table 4). The EEIP is slated to commence in 2011 and conclude in 2013. Phase 1: This phase will include the implementation of all structural measures and will last for a period of 4 months, beginning in month 1 of the project. This phase of the project focuses on the strengthening of the operational functions of the NWC. The activities to be carried out under this phase include:

a. Formalisation of the structure of the Energy Management Committee and the appointment of its members

b. Formalisation of the initial activities of the Energy Management Committee c. Development of the energy management policies

The maintenance management system and training programme will also be implemented under Phase 1 of the project and will run for 3 years, covering the entire 36 month period identified as the implementation period for the EEIP. Phase 2: This phase will include the implementation of investment (activities) recommendations. This phase known as the ‘Shares of Investment’ phase will result in the

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implementation of the short and medium term activities aimed at the rehabilitation of inefficient pumping equipment. Implementation actions in the short term (Measures 4 to 10 in Table 4), start in month 6 of the project and conclude in month 20. The actions for medium-term implementation (Measures 11 and 16 in Table 4 ), will be introduced in month 16 of the project and will be implemented until month 32. Phase 3: Phase 3 of the exercise will involve the identification and selection of additional water supply and sewerage systems for energy efficiency auditing. The works will include the undertaking of detailed energy efficiency analysis of all the electro-mechanical equipment which are associated with these water supply and sewerage systems. The findings and recommendations of the analysis will form part of the NWC’s Energy Improvement Initiative Programme. Phase 4: This phase of the Energy Efficiency Programme will include the design and continued implementation of the NWC’s Energy Improvement Initiative Programme. The Energy conservation and efficiency programme for the Commission’s electro-mechanical facilities will include:

1. Replacement of old, inefficient and standard duty motors 2. “Right sizing” of pumping units 3. Automation of the process of procuring, treating and distributing potable water as well

as the collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. 4. Power factor correction 5. Retrofitting of lighting systems

Implementation of the above works is scheduled to be completed within three years.

Table 4 - Implementation Plan for the EEIP

No. Description

Immediate Implementation 1 Energy Management Committee.

Project management (3 years) 2 Improve the maintenance program

Capacity building (3 years)

Purchase of portable measuring equipment 3 Improve the operation program

Capacity building

Measurement equipment purchase

Short-Term Implementation 4 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 7 pumps at Hope F/P

5 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 1 pump at Mineral Heights

6 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 4 pumps at Woodside/May Pen

7 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 5 pumps at Iterborale

8 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 2 pumps at Aqualta Vale

9 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 5 pumps at Great Mandeville Porus

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No. Description 10 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 2 pumps at Greater Mandeville Gutters

11 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 1 pump at Great Mandeville Porus /Comfort

12 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 1 pump at Great Mandeville Porus/Broadleaf

Medium Term Implementation 13 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 3 pumps at Greater Mandeville Peppers wells

14 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 2 pumps at Duhaney Park

15 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 1 pump at Cavalier Well

16 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 2 pumps at Martha Brae

17 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 2 pumps at Logwood

18 Improve the electromechanical efficiency of 1 pump at Negril

3.5 Component 4 Design Elements Component 4 will target the change management process required to facilitate the shift in the operational culture of the NWC to assure adequate corporate planning and improved performance of its employees. Under Component 4 consulting services and equipment necessary to facilitate the change process will be financed. A water treatment action plan will also be prepared under this component. The Technical Cooperation (TC) activities to be funded under the existing loan will define the detailed elements of Component 4. The proposed modernisation activities will include the undertaking of several major strategic initiatives. Funding through the loan for Component 4 will provide assistance for the following activities:

1. Review and align the NWC Organization Structure to the new strategy 2. Select and orientate NWC staff for the new Organization Structure from top down 3. Design and implement a culture change programme to one of Accountability, Openness

and Customer-centricity 4. Design and implement a comprehensive Performance Management System 5. Design and implement programmes to address immediate information systems and resource

deficiencies 6. Design and install an integrated information system to support the new NWC strategy 7. Design and implement a leadership development programme 8. Develop comprehensive plans for expansion of water and sewerage systems to meet

strategic objectives and satisfy development demands 9. Secure financing for the major projects based on most attractive terms available 10. Efficiently implement projects to meet development demands in accordance with system

expansion plans 11. Review and update systems, policies and procedures for engagement of customers 12. Review and upgrade systems and procedures for receiving and responding to customer

queries and system faults 13. Develop and implement programme to improve the image of NWC to the general public 14. Develop and implement cooperative, competitive and marketing strategies 15. Review major operational and business processes and procedures to improve efficiency and

effectiveness

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16. Review and upgrade facilities maintenance policies and procedures with emphasis on preventative maintenance

17. Review and upgrade policies and procedures for assuring quality and compliance with regulatory standards

18. Develop and implement a programme to establish and maintain excellent relationships with the major regulatory agencies

19. Develop and implement a comprehensive programme for reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) and increasing Billed Revenue

20. Implement programme to increase collection for services provided to consumers – carrot and stick approach

21. Develop and implement strategy for improving financial management, compliance and governance.

Additional activities are also being undertaken to specifically address the inefficiencies of the NWC in carrying out its operational functions. The following strategies are being implemented to increase the efficiency of the NWC:

1. IT Design

a. Analyze the key aspects of NWC's operations, functions, and structure, including its use

of management information systems (MIS), NRW, and operational efficiencies. b. Gap Analysis: Perform a Gap Analysis and compare current performance levels with a

good practice benchmark from a comparable country, and identify where improvements are needed.

c. Diagnosis: Identify the underlying reasons for the poor performance. d. Propose Design: Recommend a system upgrade, using appropriate technology and

taking into consideration areas such as human resources, financial management, project planning, operations and maintenance functions.

e. Identify Timeline and Steps: Develop a comprehensive action plan for NWC based on the recommended solutions as approved or agreed by NWC. The Action Plan shall include all major activities in a detailed schedule and identify the necessary resources that will be needed to facilitate implementation of these activities including technical support and financial requirements.

2. Knowledge Transfer

a. Implementation of an improved customer service database including geo-referenced information, complaint management and monitoring, meter reading procedures, billing database and emergency response.

b. Implementation of asset database system, start up of:

• the use of operation and maintenance manuals for relevant assets,

• the management of IT systems for data gathering and procedure monitoring,

• work order management,

• contract and procurement monitoring system. c. Implementation of new financial policy practices including monitoring, cash flow

monitoring, working capital design and funding strategy.

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4.0 Regulatory and Institutional Framework

This section outlines the applicable policies and legislation for the water systems upgrade projects.

4.1 Applicable Policies and Plans National Policies applicable to this project include the following:

1. National Watershed Management Policy managed by the National Environment &

Planning Agency 2. National Energy Policy, 2009-2030 3. Vision 2030 Policy 4. National Physical Development Plan

1. National Watershed Management Policy Part I of the document provides an overview of watershed problems, past interventions, current international trends in watershed management. Part II highlights the major challenges facing the country with respect to watershed management and Part III the key principles and strategies being employed by the policy to address these challenges. Options for obtaining funding for policy implementation are also suggested in this section. The requirements of the policy in terms of the development of watershed legislation are also noted. Finally, Part IV of the policy document sets out the essential elements of the institutional framework required for the attainment of policy objectives. The full policy document is available at NEPA’s website www.nepa.gov.jm. 2. The National Energy Policy, 2009-2030 Jamaica needs an Energy Policy because of the country’s:

• Heavy oil dependence

• High demand for foreign exchange

• Underdeveloped indigenous energy sources

• Inefficient use of energy

• Increasing pollution contributing to climate change The policy seeks to, among other things:

• Manage the energy supply,

• Diversify the energy base,

• Encourage conservation and efficiency in energy production and use,

• Make electricity available and affordable to customers

• Establish the regulatory framework to protect consumers, investors, and minimize environmental effects and pollution.

The National Energy Policy 2009-2030 has as its vision: “A modern, efficient, diversified and environmentally sustainable energy sector providing affordable and accessible energy supplies with long-term energy security and

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supported by informed public behaviour on energy issues and an appropriate policy, regulatory and institutional framework” The long term strategic vision is built on ten (10) fundamental elements. One of those elements which is particularly relevant to the projects is: An energy sector that reflects a sustained improvement in the ways in which energy is used, through greater energy efficiency, reduced energy intensity and better energy conservation and management Goals 1 and 6 of the policy specifically apply to the projects being undertaken by the NWC as follows:

Goal 1- Jamaicans use energy wisely and aggressively pursue opportunities for conservation and efficiency Achievement of this goal will result in improving efficiency in the key energy-consuming areas of the power generation, bauxite/alumina production, transportation and building design and construction. Jamaicans will also become more aware of energy conservation practices and will be helped in reducing energy consumption by: the introduction of incentives; greater availability of energy-saving products and devices; research that leads to adoption and adaptation of new and emerging energy technologies; improvements in energy infrastructure; and appropriate legislation. Goal 6: Government ministries and agencies are a model/leader in energy conservation and environmental stewardship in Jamaica Government ministries, departments and agencies will be models for environmental stewardship, resulting in a reduction in the high public sector consumption of energy and other resources and providing a stimulus for private sector and community action. 3. Vision 2030 Policy The National Strategy articulated in Vision 2030 applicable to this programme is “to ensure adequate and safe water supply and sanitation services”. To ensure the provision of adequate and safe water supply and sanitation services, Vision 2030 Jamaica will strengthen the nation’s infrastructure for storage, treatment, distribution and disposal of water. This will be achieved through a range of strategies including:

• strengthening national capacities to make decisions among competing demands for the allocation of limited water resources;

• increasing financing for infrastructural development; and

• the creation of an institutional framework to allow for efficient and effective water resources management.

Vision 2030 Jamaica will ensure the development of world-class transport, telecommunications, water supply and sanitation infrastructure that contribute to the competitiveness of Jamaica’s producers and improved quality of life for Jamaicans. Investment in infrastructure has been shown to have a significant effect on economic growth.

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The returns to investment in physical infrastructure tend to be high in countries at Jamaica’s income level, especially considering the relative underinvestment in physical infrastructure in recent decades. These higher growth rates eventually increase the size of the economy and the levels of funding available for other services such as health and education over the medium and long term. High-quality infrastructure contributes to social and environmental goals, by improving access to public services, reducing negative environmental impacts and supporting the sustainable use of natural resources. This programme is therefore consistent with the strategies in Vision 2030 Policy. 4. National Physical Development Plan

The National Physical Development Plan (NPDP) is the major planning policy used to guide land use planning and development in Jamaica. It focuses on physical planning, settlement, conservation, income generators (i.e. forestry and fisheries, agriculture, mineral industries, tourism and manufacturing) and public utilities. To support modern planning objectives the NPDP has been used to inform the preparation of Development Orders, which are development control mechanisms used in the development control process.

The proposed projects are located within areas for which there exist Development Orders, and as such any proposed development must be in accordance with the zoned land uses promulgated by the orders.

4.2 Applicable Legislation and Standards The legislation and standards applicable to this project include: 1. The Office of Utilities Regulation Act, 1995 2. The Natural Resources Conservation Act, 1991 3. The Natural Resources (Prescribed Areas) (Prohibition of Categories of Enterprise,

Construction and Development) Order, 1996 4. The Natural Resources Conservation (Permits and Licences) Regulations, 1996 and the

Natural Resources Conservation (Permits and Licences) (Amendment) Regulations, 2004 5. The Natural Resources Conservation, (Ambient Air Quality Standards) Regulations, 1996 6. National Solid Waste Management Act 2001 7. Town and Country Planning Act, 1957 8. Water Resources Act, 1995 9. The Factories Act, 1961 and the Building Operations and Works of Engineering

Construction Regulations, 1968 10. The Watershed Protection Act, 1963 11. Jamaica National Heritage Trust Act, 1985 12. Land Acquisition Act, 1947 13. Registration of Titles Act, 1989 14. Main Roads Act, 1932 15. National Water Commission (NWC) Act, 1980 16. Public Health Act, 1974 17. Public Health (Nuisance) Regulations, 1995; the Public Health (Nuisance) (Amendment)

Regulations, 1996 and the Public Health (Nuisance) (Amendment) Regulations, 2001

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18. Noise levels 1. The Office of Utilities Regulation Act, 1995

This Act indicates that the functions of the Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR) include: a. Regulating the provision of prescribed utility services by licensees or specified organisations; b. Receiving and processing applications for a licence to provide a prescribed utility service

and make such recommendations to the Minister in relation to the application as the Office considers necessary or desirable;

c. Conducting such research as it thinks necessary or desirable for the purposes of the performance of its functions under this Act;

d. Advising the responsible Minister on such matters relating to the prescribed utility service as it thinks fit or as may be requested by that Minister; and

e. Carrying out, on its own initiative or at the request of any person, such investigations in relation to the provision of prescribed utility services as will enable it to determine whether the interests of consumers are adequately protected.

NWC’s focus on the reduction of NRW and improved service delivery will be of particular interest to the OUR.

2. The Natural Resources Conservation Act, 1991

The Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act (1991) section 4(1) gives the Natural Resources Conservation Authority [NRCA] (now embodied within the National Environment and Planning Agency [NEPA]) the power to take the necessary steps for the effective management of the physical environment of Jamaica so as to ensure the conservation, protection and proper use of its natural resources among other things. In performing its functions, the NRCA, as outlined in section 4 (2) (d), may among other things, formulate standards and codes of practice to be observed for the improvement and maintenance of the quality of the environment generally, including the release of substances into the environment in connection with any works, activity or undertaking. Under section 9, enterprises, developments and construction proposals must first secure an environmental permit from the Authority, prior to project commencement, for areas that this has been designated a requirement or for projects that falls within the categories listed in the Natural Resources Conservation (Permits and Licenses) Regulations, 1996. Road work developments require an environmental permit under the NRCA schedule. Based on the powers and functions of the NRCA, this proposed project falls within their jurisdiction. The NRCA is granted powers under Section 10 of the NRCA Act (1991) request that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) be conducted for prescribed or other potentially environmentally damaging activities. A project proponent is required ‘…where it [NRCA] is of the opinion that the activities of such enterprise, construction or development are having or likely to have an adverse effect on the environment, to submit to the Authority in respect of the enterprise, construction or development, an environmental impact assessment containing such information as may be prescribed.’ A list of prescribed activities is specified in the Natural Resources (Prescribed Areas) (Prohibition of Categories of Enterprise, Construction and Development) Order, 1996.

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The NRCA Act also binds the Crown, which means that activities undertaken by other Government agencies are also required to comply with this law. Amendments made to the Town and Country Planning Act (the physical planning legislation) requires that approval for a development cannot be granted unless first approved by the NRCA. The same applies to the Parish Councils who review development applications at the local government level.

3. The Natural Resources (Prescribed Areas) (Prohibition of Categories of Enterprise,

Construction and Development) Order, 1996

Under the Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act (1991), the Natural Resources Conservation Authority (NRCA), now the National Environment and Planning Agency, (NEPA) is authorized to issue, suspend and revoke permits and licences. The Permit and Licence System was established to ensure compliance with Sections 9 & 12 of the NRCA Act, which gives the NRCA the right to issue permits for new developments and request EIA studies where necessary. This regulation requires that effective January 1, 1997, a permit be obtained for the construction and operation of certain types of projects. The following projects to be undertaken by the NWC will require environmental permits:

• Pipelines with a diameter more than 10 cm

• Works for the transfer of water resources between river basins (aquifer recharge)

• Water treatment facilities (treatment of water to be used for aquifer recharge)

4. The Natural Resources Conservation (Permits and Licences) Regulations, 1996 and The Natural Resources Conservation (Permits and Licences) (Amendment) Regulations, 2004

A Permit Application and a Project Information Form are to be submitted to NEPA in accordance with this regulation for the construction and operation of prescribed activities. An Environmental Impact Assessment may also be requested by NEPA as well.

5. The Natural Resources Conservation, (Ambient Air Quality Standards) Regulations,

1996

These regulations set the acceptable limits for common air pollutants in ambient air. Since this project includes excavation for pipe laying, controls will need to be in place to ensure that fugitive dust and heavy duty vehicular emissions during the construction phase do not contribute negatively to ambient air quality. 6. National Solid Waste Management Act 2001

This Act gives the National Solid Waste Management Authority (NSWMA) the power to take all steps as are necessary for the effective management of solid waste in Jamaica in order to safeguard public health, ensure that waste is collected, stored, transported, recycled, reused or disposed of in an environmentally sound manner and promote safety standards in relation to such waste. Solid waste generated as a result of construction activities will need to be collected, stored and appropriately disposed of at an approved municipal disposal site in accordance with the Act.

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7. The Town and Country Planning Act, 1957 This legislation stipulates that in areas for which a Development Order has been prepared, planning permission is required from the Local Planning Authority before “development” as defined by the Act can be undertaken. In those areas for which no development orders have been prepared, no planning permission is required to undertake development. The Development Order is therefore the legal document guiding development in Jamaica. These orders are prepared by the Town and Country Planning Authority in consultation with the Local Planning Authority (Parish Councils & KSAC). The Town and Country Planning Authority, which is a body, established under the Act can “call in” an area for which a development order has been prepared. In this instance the Town and Country Planning Authority has the jurisdiction to oversee all development applications if it so desires within the area. This Act is currently administered by NEPA and is applicable to the proposed project.

8. Water Resources Act (1995)

The principal water law in Jamaica is the Water Resources Act (1995), enacted in April 1996, making the Water Resources Authority (WRA) responsible for conservation and the proper use of water. The Act authorizes the Authority to regulate, allocate, conserve, and manage the water resources of the Island. It prohibits the abstraction and use of water without a licence from the Authority. Where the use of water involves the discharge of effluents application for use of the water must be accompanied with a copy of application made to NRCA for permit for effluent discharge. It allows for the declaration of emergency areas on the account of drought or any other condition that renders the supply of water inadequate in terms of quantity and/or unsuitable in terms of quality to satisfy requirements of licenses granted. The Act confers power on the Authority to grant licenses for the drilling of wells and regulating the safe yield of any aquifer. It allows for the protection of the quality of water resources by declaring Water Quality Control areas and preparing plans for such areas. A licence would need to be obtained from the WRA for the abstraction of water for use to recharge the aquifer.

Jamaica National Heritage Trust Act (1985)

The Jamaica National Heritage Trust Act of 1985 established the Jamaica National Heritage Trust (JNHT). The Trust's functions outlined in Section 4 include the following responsibilities:

• To promote the preservation of national monuments and anything designated as protected national heritage for the benefit of the Island;

• To carry out such development as it considers necessary for the preservation of any national monument or anything designated as protected national heritage;

• To record any precious objects or works of art to be preserved and to identify and record any species of botanical or animal life to be protected.

Section 17 further states that it is an offence for any individual to:

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• Wilfully deface, damage or destroy any national monument or protected national heritage or to deface, damage, destroy, conceal or remove any mark affixed to a national monument or protected national heritage;

• Alter any national monument or mark without the written permission of the Trust;

• Remove or cause to be removed any national monument or protected national heritage to a place outside of Jamaica.

This Act is applicable based on the excavation work that will be done for pipe laying. It should be noted that Spanish Town is a Declared Historic District and any works taking place there should be reported to the Jamaica National Heritage Trust, thereby allowing them the opportunity to assess the potential archaeological impacts of the proposed project and to perform a Watching Brief.

9. The Factories Act, 1961 and the Building Operations and Works of Engineering

Construction (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1968 This regulation under the Factories Act of 1961, covers safety, health and welfare requirements related to workers on construction sites. 10. The Watersheds Protection Act (1963)

The purpose of this Act is to provide for the protection of watersheds and areas adjoining watersheds and promote the conservation of water resources. The Act makes provision for conservation of watersheds through the implementation of provisional improvement schemes whereby soil conservation practices are carried out on land.

11. Land Acquisition Act (1947)

Section 3 of the Land Acquisition Act (1947) empowers any officer authorized by the Minister to enter and survey land in any locality that may be needed for any public purpose. This may also involve:

• Digging or boring into the sub-soil;

• Cutting down and clearing away any standing crop, fence, bush or woodland;

• Carrying out other acts necessary to ascertain that the land is suitable for the required purpose.

The Minister is authorized under Section 5 of the Act to make a public declaration under his signature if land is required for a public purpose provided that the compensation to be awarded for the land is to be paid out of the:

• Consolidated Fund or loan funds of the Government;

• Funds of any Parish Council, the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation or the National Water Commission.

Once the Commissioner enters into possession of any land under the provisions of this Act, the land is vested in the Commissioner of Lands and is held in trust for the Government of Jamaica in keeping with the details outlined in Section 16. The Commissioner shall provide the Registrar of Titles with a copy of every notice published as well as a plan of the land. The Commissioner

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will also make an application to the Registrar of Titles in order to bring the title of the land under the operation of the Registration of Titles Act. 12. Registration of Titles Act (1989)

The Registration of Titles Act of 1989 is the legal basis for land registration in Jamaica, which is carried out using a modified Torrens System (Centre for Property Studies, 1998). Under this system, land registration is not compulsory, although once a property is entered in the registry system the title is continued through any transfer of ownership.

13. The Main Roads Act (1932)

The National Works Agency (NWA) operates under the Main Roads Act (1932) as it relates to maintenance of roads and road construction. The Act regulates the detailed procedures and requirements for major roads, inclusive of the laying out, making, repairing, widening, altering, deviating, maintaining, superintending and managing of main roads.

14. National Water Commission (NWC) Act (1980)

The National Water Commission (NWC) Act, 1980, guides the NWC on the provision of potable water and sewerage services for exisitng and new customers. Water supply and sewerage systems being constructed by entities other than the NWC, but intended to be handed over to the NWC, must be granted approval by the NWC prior to their construction. This is done in conjunction with the Water Resources Authority, which administers the Water Resources Act and is thereby mandated to regulate ground and surface water resources, specifically, supply, flood risk and water quality.

15. The Public Health Act, 1974

The Public Health Act is enforced by Inspectors working with the Parish Councils across the island and the Environmental Control Division (now the Environmental Health Unit) of the Ministry of Health. Standards and practices to ensure public health are set, including that persons involved in construction, repair or alteration must take precautions to prevent particulate matter from becoming airborne. The Act provides standards for enforcement for domestic water consumption and waste disposal, and for monitoring the microbiological quality of potable and domestic water supplies.

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16. Public Health (Nuisance) Regulations, 1995; the Public Health (Nuisance) (Amendment) Regulations, 1996 and the Public Health (Nuisance) (Amendment) Regulations, 2001

These regulations cover nuisances on any premises and authorises the Medical Officer of Health, a Public Health Inspector or any person authorised by the Minister in writing to have the persons or occupiers of the premises abate the nuisance within a reasonable time and to prevent its reoccurrence. If the owner or occupier fails to remedy the situation, the Local Board of Health may give any person written authorisation to enter the premises to abate the nuisance and recover the expenses in a Resident Magistrates Court. Among the nuisances listed, the following are relevant to the projects being undertaken by the NWC.

• dust, smoke, fumes, gases or effluvia emitting from any manufacturing process or caused by the carrying on of any trade or business or otherwise by the action of any person

• the lack of water or a water supply system; a water supply system which is not maintained in a sanitary condition; the running to waste of water from a tap, pipe or pump or from any other device from which water is obtained and the accumulation of stagnant water

17. Noise levels

There are no specific noise regulations that address noise emission standards for commercial and industrial areas in Jamaica. The recommended zone limits for noise in Jamaica similar to those set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) are outlined in the following table.

Zone 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. (dBA) 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. (dBA) Industrial 75 70 Commercial 65 60 Residential 55 50 Silence 45 40

5.0 The Application Process

NEPA requires the submission of permit and licence applications for the projects. This is to be submitted along with a project information form and a project brief. After review by the agency, they will advise on whether an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required or not. Projects of this nature may require an EIA. Once an EIA is required, the first step is to agree on the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the EIA. Draft TOR are to be submitted to NEPA for approval and once approved, the EIA can be done. It may be necessary to advertise the TOR and await comments from the public. There must be stakeholder consultations throughout the process of conducting the EIA. Once the draft EIA is completed, a Public Meeting is usually required to present the findings to stakeholders and to solicit feedback. The Public Consultations must be done in accordance with NEPA’s guidelines which can be viewed at: http://www.nepa.gov.jm/business/guidelines/general/GuidelinesforPublicPresentations2007.pdf

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There are critical timelines that must be adhered to for the Public Meeting. There must be at least three weeks notice of the Public Meeting, advertised in the printed press in a format approved by NEPA. Special invitations can be sent to stakeholder groups. The public has 30 days from the date of the Public Presentation to submit comments to NEPA. Revisions to the EIA may be required but once all matters are satisfactory addressed it is likely that a permit will be granted with conditions. The NWC will schedule Public Consultations for these projects with the relevant stakeholders. Based on the nature of the projects to be undertaken, other approvals are required from stakeholder agencies such as the National Irrigation Commission (NIC), the National Works Agency (NWA) and the Water Resources Authority (WRA). Table 5 summarises the approvals that will be required for the artificial recharge project. The NWC is committed to immediately taking the necessary actions to obtain the requisite regulatory and agency approvals needed for the implementation of this project.

Table 5- Approvals Required

Activity Agency 1. Environmental permit and licence applications for the

pipeline and Water recharge Treatment facility (which may include the need for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

NEPA

2. Agreement for the use of water from the National Irrigation Commission canal

NIC

3. Approval/licence for any additional abstraction required from the Rio Cobre to meet the recharge requirements

WRA/NIC

4. Parish Council Building Approval St. Catherine Parish Council 5. Approval for road excavations and reinstatement NWA

6.0 Regulatory Gaps

Permit and Licence Requirements The National Water Commission will require permission from the National Irrigation Commission to abstract water from its canal for use to recharge the aquifer at Innswood. Since water will be abstracted from the irrigation canal for the recharge project, there will be a commensurate increase in the amount of water that will need to be abstracted from the Rio Cobre. This will require an amendment to the existing abstraction licence issued by the WRA to the NIC. Permits will be required for the water recharge treatment facility associated with the aquifer recharge project and the associated pipelines. A licence for the discharge of effluent from the treatment facility will also be required.

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7.0 Environmental Baseline

7.1 General Climate

Temperature Temperatures in coastal areas are comfortably warm, becoming cooler in the hilly and mountainous regions in the centre of the island, particularly in the Blue Mountain range with a peak of 2,256 metres (7,402 feet). Apart from rapid fluctuations associated with afternoon showers and/or the passage of frontal systems, the island’s temperatures remain fairly constant throughout the year under the moderating influence of the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. In coastal areas, daily temperatures average 26.2ºC (79.2ºF), with an average maximum of 30.3ºC (86.5ºF) and an average minimum of 22.0ºC (71.6ºF). Inland, temperature values are lower, depending on elevation but, regardless of elevation, the warmest months are June to August and the coolest December to February. The diurnal range of temperature is much greater than the annual range and exceeds 11.0ºC (20ºF) in mountainous areas of the interior. Night-time values range from 18.9 to 25.6ºC (66 to 78.1ºF) in coastal areas. At elevations above 610 metres (2,000 feet), minimum temperatures of the order of 10ºC (50ºF) have been reported occasionally when active cold fronts reach the island.

Table 6 Average Temperature at Meteorological Stations 1977-2008

Meteorological

Station Altitude (m)

Measurement Period

Average Temperature

(°C) Montego Bay 1.0 1977-2008 27.0 Kingston 3.0 1977-2008 27.9

The Rio Cobre basin like the remainder of Jamaica belongs to the seasonal tropics. It has a tropical maritime climate, with topography and distance from the sea being responsible for much of the local variation in climatic conditions. Rainfall

Of the weather parameters, rainfall is the most variable. Rainy seasons are May to June and September to November. The rainfall is regionally very different in its intensity but show a likely annual distribution. Rainfall is comparatively higher from April to November with May and October being the rainfall peak months. The driest period is usually December to March. Most of the rainfall during this period is associated with cold fronts migrating from North America. Whether during the dry or rainy season, however, other rain-producing systems are influenced by the sea breeze and orographic effects which tend to produce short-duration showers, mainly during mid-afternoon. Tropical storm and hurricane season is from June to November.

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Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7 provide information on the 30 year (1951 – 1980) average rainfall in mm for the parishes of Jamaica, Kingston and St. Andrew and St. Catherine.

Figure 5 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall Distribution (mm) by Parishes (1951-1980)

Source: Meteorological Office of Jamaica6

Figure 6 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall (mm) for Kingston and St. Andrew (1951-1980)


6 http://www.metservice.gov.jm/documents/30%20yr%20Mean%20Rainfall.htm 7 ibid

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Rio Cobre Basin The parish of St. Catherine like much of the southern regions of Jamaica that lie in the lee of the mountains, has a 30-year mean annual rainfall of less than 1500 mm. There is marked seasonality in the rainfall, with about 70% occurring during the rainy season, from May to November. The rainy season exhibits some bimodality, with May and October being the wettest months of each year. Figure 7 - 30-year mean monthly Rainfall (mm) for St. Catherine (1951-1980)


Wind

For most of the year, the daily wind pattern is dominated by the Northeast Trades. By day on the north coast, the sea breeze combines with the trades to give an east-northeasterly wind and along the south coast, an east-southeasterly wind. In the period December to March however, the trades are lowest and the local wind regime is a combination of trades, sea breeze, and a northerly or northwesterly component associated with cold fronts and high-pressure areas from the United States. By night, the trades combine with land breezes which blow offshore down the slopes of the hills near the coasts. As a result, on the north coast, night-time winds generally have a southerly component and on the south coast, a northerly component. However, winds are generally lighter inland and towards the west.

8 http://www.metservice.gov.jm/documents/30%20yr%20Mean%20Rainfall.htm

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7.2 Natural Hazards

Earthquakes Earthquakes occur periodically in Jamaica and can be quite severe. 117 earthquakes have been recorded in Jamaica between 1973 and June 20, 2011 (Figure 8). In addition to the destruction of buildings, earthquakes can trigger landslides on steep slopes and cause hillside roads to fail. The breaking of dams and other protective flood barriers can also become destabilised following an earthquake event. The vast majority of Jamaica’s earthquakes (source) have been confined to the eastern section of the island. St. Thomas, Portland and Kingston have experienced the most earthquake activity, with the Blue Mountains and John Crow mountains experiencing more frequent earthquake events. There are no recorded earthquake events, which have originated in the parishes of Westmoreland or Hanover, and their origination in the parishes of St. James, St. Elizabeth and St. Mary in the east is quite scarce. Seismicity Jamaica is rated as Zone 3 in accordance with the Recommended Lateral Force Requirements of the Structural Engineering Association of California (SEAOC), having a horizontal seismic acceleration of 0.3 times gravity with a 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years.

Figure 8 - Earthquake Events in Jamaica, 1973- June 20, 2011

Source: NEIC (rectangular grid search): http://neic.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/epic/epic.cgi

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Hurricanes Hurricanes are comparatively rare events that can have major impacts on the coastline. There occurrence usually leads to widespread destruction of physical infrastructure, including roads, buildings and pipelines. Biological habitats are usually threatened by hurricane events, particularly in the coastal zone where storm surges rise up to 2-3 metres. Areas having dense vegetation covering are sometimes destroyed because of the impact of wind on plant species. Since 1957, only Hurricane Gilbert (1988) has passed directly over the island. Ivan (2004) and Dean (2007) passed just south of the island (Figure 9). The parishes of St. Elizabeth, Clarendon, Kingston and Manchester are the most susceptible to the impacts of hurricane events. Flooding (coastal), landslides, heavy rainfall are usually the main impacts felt in these parishes. Figure 9 - Storms (including Hurricanes, Tropical Storms and Depressions) Affecting

Jamaica between 1990-2009

Source: National Hurricane Center, 20109

The hazards that affect these proposed sites include flooding, hurricanes and landslides.

7.3 Geomorphology

The Island of Jamaica is 205 kilometres long and 73 kilometres wide and is located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Like most of the Caribbean Islands, Jamaica is a young landmass. Tectonically the Island lies close to the northern edge of the Caribbean Plate, where it is separated from the North American Plate by the Cayman Trough. Jamaica can be sub-divided into three major structural blocks, namely the Hanover block in the

9 http://maps.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/viewer.html

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west, Clarendon block in the centre and Blue Mountains block in the east. The central Clarendon Block is separated from the Hanover and Blue Mountain Blocks by the fault bounded Montpelier-New Market and Wagwater troughs respectively and bounded to the north by the Duanvale fault system. Physiographically Jamaica may be sub-divided into an eastern, mountainous region, a central and western plateau. The plateau is developed mainly in a capping of Tertiary limestone, in some places showing extreme karst landforms, but where the limestone cover has been breached, the topography consists of steep-sided hills carved in the older underlying Cretaceous rocks. A discontinuous series of coastal plains has developed along the southern coast as a result of drainage from the interior highlands. Towards the end of the Cretaceous, the Island underwent general uplift, folding, faulting and plutonic intrusions as a result of increased tectonic activity. There is a strong angular unconformity between the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks. Jamaica’s stratigraphy is composed essentially of three major rock types, in chronological order:

• Basal Cretaceous volcanic and volcaniclastics of low permeability, which occupy about 25% of the land area – mainly within inliers along the upland axis of the Island;

• Tertiary lime stones with variably developed karstification and moderate to high permeabilities of the central and western plateau, which occupy about 60 percent of the land Area;

• Quaternary alluviums which occupy about 15% percent of the land area mainly in the southern coastal plains and in the floors of interior valleys, of generally moderate permeability in the St. Catherine and Clarendon Plains and low permeability clays elsewhere.

7.4 Geology

The Geology of the area is defined distinctively by the Volcanic Sequences forming the Blue Mountain ranges to the north east of the St. Andrew Focus area and the Limestone ranges in Central Jamaica. The Major river networks such as the Hope River, Rio Cobre and the Rio Minho deposit sediments on the less gentle sloping southern section of the Jamaican Island Rise and form extensive Alluvial Plains. The focus area of Mandeville which characteristically is not significantly impacted by surface drainage and deposition, does not yield alluvial Plains. Note that the area denoted as Mandeville is exclusively illustrated as White Limestone, this, given the scale of analysis being 1;300,000. It must be noted that the White Limestone denotation on the map represents an entire Facies of other Limestone Formations which are revealed at larger scales, however, at this level are characteristically discernable from Volcanic Formations, Yellow Limestones (older sequences) and Alluvium (unconsolidated younger sediments). The geology for the project areas is shown at Figure 10.

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Rio Cobre Basin The geology, topography and soils of the Rio Cobre Basin and Southeast St. Catherine are integral in defining the proposed project, especially as this relates to well location and potential yield and the determination of potential aquifer recharge areas. The geology of the Rio Cobre basin is dominated by upfaulted Tertiary limestone blocks of the White Limestone Super Group, separated by interior alluvial plains and low relief alluvial fan deposits of the Liguanea Formation. Cretaceous rocks, mainly plutonics and volcaniclastics, cover about only 5 km2 of the Rio Cobre Basin. These outcrop in inliers in the northwest, in the vicinity of Browns Hall, and in the northeast, around Lawrence Tavern and make up the basal aquiclude of the Rio Cobre Basin. The Yellow Limestone Group, of mid-lower Eocene age, lies adjacent to the Cretaceous rocks. It consists of a sequence of conglomerates, quartz sandstones interspersed with silty mudstones, and marly, fossiliferous impure limestones. The Rio Cobre Basin can be divided into three physiographical regions, the upper drainage basin with bordering highlands and interior valley (Linstead, Bog Walk), the limestone uplands with the Rio Cobre Gorge and the low relief Rio Cobre alluvial fan/floodplain (St. Catherine Plains) interrupted by limestone massifs (Port Henderson and Hellshire Hills. The geomorphology is dominated by fluvial and karst processes. The project activities related to the artificial aquifer recharge and part of the pipeline from Ferry to Rock Pond tank will take place in the lower Rio Cobre Basin.

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Figure 10 - Geology Map

Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) Water Supply Improvement Project Environmental and Social Analysis

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7.5 Hydrology

Drainage in the area is determined according to the relief and topography of the watersheds found within the interior of the island acting as drainage divides. Three major river systems were discerned in this analysis. Kingston and St. Andrew The upper reaches of the Yallahs River system in this extent of surface drainage, forms the eastern border of St. Andrew and western border of St. Thomas. Similar to the Yallahs River, are also the south flowing Hope and Cane Rivers that traverse the Area of Focus defined by St. Andrew and Kingston. To the northwest of this area can be seen the upper reaches of the north flowing Wagwater River. Rio Cobre Basin The Rio Cobre River is the only outlet for water from the Upper Rio Cobre Basin as the Basin is hydrologically a closed one. Any contamination within the basin of ground or surface water resources will exit the basin via the Rio Cobre River through the Lower Basin and out to sea. The Rio Cobre supplies on average 368,000 m3/day (8 imgd) to the Rio Cobre Irrigation System, the main source of irrigation water for the South St. Catherine Plains. The National Water Commission (NWC) at present takes some 9,088 m3/day (2 migd) from the main irrigation canal at the Spanish Town Treatment Plant for the Spanish Town water supply under an existing agreement with the NIC. The Rio Cobre characteristically flows as a single major fifth order stream from central St. Catherine to the sea in a southerly direction. This is shown in the Spanish Town area of interest. Given the scale of analysis the display shown for Clarendon and West Catherine show minor drainage at the surface except for May Pen which shows a fifth order segment of the Rio Minho. There are two types of aquifers in the overall Rio Cobre Basin: limestone and overlying alluvial aquifers. Although limestone is continuous under the overall Rio Cobre Basin, there is much variation and some discontinuities in its permeability, due to varying lithology, differing degrees of recrystallisation, the many intersecting faults and fractures, and the karst solution widening and opening of fractures. The Upper White Limestone has its own, elevated water table. At the boundary between the Upper and Lower White Limestones, the groundwater is leaked or transmitted, via joints and fractures, to the Lower White Limestone, where it is stored or discharged via conduits. Given the good environmental conditions for karst solution processes, and the favourable lithological and structural properties of the limestones, there is likely to be a network of caves and conduits within the limestones, allowing rapid groundwater movement.


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Additionally, the groundwaters are rich in calcium bicarbonate, the product of solution weathering by aggressive percolating rain and surface water. The White Limestone of the Upper Rio Cobre Basin is recharged, primarily through dolines and sinkholes, by precipitation over the upper reaches of the basin and by sinking allogenic streams like the Murmuring Brook/Rio Cobre (where it sinks into the Worthy Park caves) and the Rio Pedro, before it becomes buried under the alluvial cover of the Linstead polje. The hydraulic gradient is largely southward. Ferry to Rock Pond Tank It is noted that the generally low-lying flat alluvial plain between the limestone hills in the Ferry area to the north and the sea has no other distinct drainage features. After long duration intense rainfall, significant sheet flow occurs overland and flows slowly to the south. Significant ponding occurs over large areas. This slowly accumulates in the Rio Cobre and the Ferry and Duhaney Rivers, and dissipates into the sea as slow moving overland flow or evaporates over time from the ponded areas.

The hydrology of the project areas is shown at Figure 11 and Figure 12.

Surface and Ground Water Quality Rio Cobre Basin In April 2003 and February 2004 two blanket sample collection programmes for both ground and surface water throughout the project area. In 2003, 50 water samples were collected from various locations across the Lower Rio Cobre Basin (2 springs, 3 rivers, 2 canals, 1 tap sample and 43 well samples). Samples were analysed for coliform, residual chlorine, turbidity, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrates, chemical oxidation potential, silica, manganese, major anions and cations, and total phosphate. In addition 15 selected samples were also analysed for heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Se, Zn), common pesticides, chloroform, benzene, dichloroethanes and chloroform. A further 52 water samples were collected from various locations across the Lower Rio Cobre Basin (2 springs, 2 rivers, 3 canals, and 45 well samples) during February 2004. These were taken to determine the variability of water quality between the wet and dry seasons in Jamaica. Samples were analysed for coliform, residual chlorine, conductivity, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, manganese, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. 25 samples were analysed for total iron concentrations. As these blanket sampling and analysis programmes identified manganese levels as a specific issue, Environmental Solutions Ltd. (ESL), the consultant who prepared the EIA for the KMA Water Supply Project, conducted its own sampling programme related to this specific parameter. The data generated from the manganese blanket sampling conducted by the ESL/WRA team show widespread manganese contamination in the sampling areas. The degree of contamination ranged from low (at or slightly above the standard) to high (>100% above the standard). In the first sampling exercise seven of the sixteen (~44%) stations sampled were above the standard


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while seventeen of twenty-nine (~58%) stations had manganese levels above the standard in the second exercise. Three of the stations that exhibited high manganese concentrations in the first sampling event showed similarly high levels during the second sampling event, namely Dunbeholden, Pasture 2B and Portmore 2 wells. From the data recorded during the two sampling events, iron contamination does not appear to be as widespread as the manganese contamination or follow similar distribution.


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Figure 11 - Hydrology Map - May Pen and Old Harbour


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Figure 12 - Hydrology Map - Kingston, St. Andrew and Spanish Town


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7.6 Soil

The Pedology of the respective areas is a reflection of not only the geology of the area but also the localized characteristics of environmental factors. The Kingston and St. Andrew soil coverage is largely an alluvial fan and as a result of the classification accorded by the Ministry of Agriculture, alluvium swamps and reclaimed lands are left as unclassified soils. However, sections forming a part of in situ rocks show significant portions of soil coverage as acidic and in some sections, strongly acidic. Other sections are deemed alkaline. The acidic signature for sections of Kingston could be accorded to the fact that the area is heavily populated and contaminated by anthropogenic factors. It must be noted as a discussion that given the scale and wide ranging span of the geographical area, more detailed analysis would be needed to discern between slightly, mildly and strongly acidic. The soils in the project areas are shown in Figure 13.


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Figure 13 - Soils Map


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7.7 Biological Baseline

Terrestrial Ecology

Kingston and St. Andrew All sites are within urban areas and are already disturbed. Vegetation is a mixture of grass and ruinate plants. There are no endemic species known at any of the sites. There is very little documented information on the biological baseline for Kingston and St. Andrew as a whole. The only information garnered from environmental assessments done for some of he projects covered in this document was related to the Mona Reservoir. Bird life at the Mona Reservoir includes waders and pelicans in the immediate vicinity. Forest type birds (warblers, quits, etc.) are found on the hillsides west of the site.

Rio Cobre Basin The biological environment of the project area is generally characterised by secondary modified communities according to the classification by Grossman et al (1991). This includes agricultural lands (sugar cane cultivation, other crops and stud farms in South East St. Catherine) as well shrub-land in the Upper Rio Cobre Basin. Although some areas of dense trees do exist, none of the areas can be characterised as a pristine environment as there has been a high level of human activity in most areas. With the exception of commercially important crops and farm animals, no other commercially important species were noted. Several species of birds were observed but no rare, threatened or endangered species were identified during the course of the field studies. The American Crocodile, a native and endangered species does occur in the Rio Cobre and is sometimes seen in the associated waterways and irrigation canals. Upper Rio Cobre Basin: The terrestrial environment here is best categorised as modified secondary communities with agricultural plantations. Areas under cultivation include large tracts of land under monoculture, particularly with citrus and banana. Within the rural community roadside verges and open spaces are overgrown with scrubland and ruinate vegetation.

Riverine ecology includes riparian vegetation along the banks of the Rio Cobre and its tributaries and closed canopy forest in the area of Tulloch Springs.

Bird species within the area include terrestrial species common to agricultural areas, gardens and roadside scrub, as well as species often found along riverbanks.

Lower Rio Cobre Basin: The ecology of the Lower Rio Cobre Basin is characterised by modified secondary communities, scrub land and agriculture including sugar cane cultivation


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and subsistence farming. Riverine ecology includes riparian vegetation along the banks of the Rio Cobre. Bird species within the area include terrestrial species common to agricultural areas, gardens and roadside scrub, as well as species often found along riverbanks.

The endangered American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) (Plate 1), which is protected by both national and international legislation, is reported in the lower reaches of the Rio Cobre below the Headworks Dam, as well as in paved and earthen irrigation canals. The crocodiles enter the Rio Cobre from its mouth in Hunts Bay and swim up the river, although they are mostly reported near to the coast. They are frequently observed in irrigation canals in the area. The crocodiles nest along the riverbanks and can be aggressive during mating season, nesting season, and in defence of their young.

The Rio Cobre Basin does not fall within any legislated park or protected area and is not a pristine ecological area.

Biodiversity Jamaica, like most islands, is characterised by a very rich biodiversity. The extent of Jamaica's rich bio-diversity is illustrated in Figure 14. Some 27% of the higher plants are unique to the Jamaica, more than 200 species of flowering plants have been classified and there are just fewer than 580 species of fern. Trees such as cedar, mahoe, mahogany, logwood, rosewood, ebony, palmetto palm, coconut palm, and pimento (allspice) are common in the country. Mango, breadfruit, banana, and plantain were introduced commercially in the country.

Figure 14 - Summary of Biodiversity in Jamaica Higher

Plants Mammals

Breeding Birds

Reptiles Amphibians Fish

No. of Known Species(1992 – 2002)

3,308 24 75 49 24 200

No. of Threatened Species – 2002

206 5 12 8 4 1

In 1990s, forests covered about 35% of the island, but logging and land clearance for development and agriculture had reduced this to 30% by 2000. Bird life is rich in the number of species present and also in the number of species unique (endemic) to Jamaica. Compared to the other islands in the Caribbean, Jamaica has the most endemic species of birds with a total of 30 species; 2 of which are believed to be extinct. The parish of Portland and the hills of St. Thomas are the only places where all 28 extant endemic Jamaican birds can be observed. There are 116 species of butterfly, 17 of which are endemic and 450 species of snail. There are 61 species of reptiles and amphibians but no large indigenous quadrupeds or venomous reptiles. Among the butterflies the Giant Swallowtail, the largest in the western hemisphere is found in the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains.


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Jamaica has a wide range of bio-geography for its size. Some twelve separate zones are recognized and are shown in Figure 15. The KMA mainly lies in the Southern Lowlands (SLO) zone, with smaller areas on the Central Upland (CUP) to the north. Most of the works lie within the SLO. For the Component 2 pipeline works, the only area of potential ecological significance is the works between the Ferry Pump Station and Rock Pond Tank.

Figure 15 - Biogeographical Zones of Jamaica

KEY: BMO Blue Mountains, CCO Cockpit Country, CUP Central Uplands, HHI Hellshire Hills, JCM John Crow Mountains, MPL Manchester Plateau, NCO North Coast, PRP Portland Ridge Peninsula, SCM Santa Cruz Mountains, SLO Southern Lowlands, WLO Western Lowlands, WUP Western Uplands.

An ecological survey along the route for the proposed Ferry to Rock Pond works will need to be conducted prior to the commencement of construction. Lists of flora and fauna would be observed and presented. An EIA conducted in October 2008 for the Ambassador Heights Housing Development, in the Stony Hill Area was reviewed and used to gauge potential findings in the Ferry/Rock Pond Area. Stony Hill is located less than 10 kilometres east of Rock Pond. The Ferry to Rock Pond area is expected to comprise disturbed, forest interspersed with perennial shrubs, herbs and trees with species randomly distributed. Trees such as the Trumpet, Ackee and Mango trees are likely to be dominant/abundant in the area. A wide range of birds are expected to be found in the Ferry/Rock Pond area. The Ambassador Heights EIA identified some one hundred and eight (108) birds, belonging to twenty-six (26) species and of these, seven (7) were Jamaican endemic species. None of the projects will take place in protected or ecologically sensitive areas.


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8.0 Socio-Economic Baseline

Demographic Characteristics Kingston The parish of Kingston at the end of 2008, had approximately 93,300 persons; 1.8 % above 2002 figures. Despite the positive change in the population size for the parish, much of the changes between 1991 and 2002 have been negative (Table 7). Between 1991 and 2001 the population of Kingston declined by 3.7%. The parish experienced a further decline of 4.5% between 2001 and 2002. The population dynamics in the parish has largely been influenced by migration patterns. With a substantial portion of housing developments taking place in the adjoining parishes of St. Andrew and St. Catherine, many persons are leaving the capital for security of tenure. The parish of Kingston is classified as being 100% urban. The Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) is one of the largest urban areas in the Caribbean. The 2001 Jamaica Census shows that women accounted for approximately 51.5% of the city’s population and men 48.5%. The 2008 age distribution data for Kingston indicates that the city has a higher proportion of persons in the economically active (working) age group (JSLC, 2011). Estimates for age distribution of persons living within the city showed that 31.6% belonged to the 0-14 age group category, 62.7% the 15-64 age group category and 5.7% in the 65+ or elderly age group category

Table 7 - Population of Kingston 2001, 2002 & 2008 Year Population Percentage (%)

change 2001 96,052 -3.72* 2002 91,650 -4.5% 2008 93,300 1.8% * percentage change over 1991 population figures (99,761)

St. Andrew St. Andrew had a population in 2008 of 572,900, a 3% increase over 2001 levels. The parish accounts for approximately 22% of the total population of Jamaica and an estimated 88% of the total population of Kingston and St. Andrew. The growth in the parish’s population has been as a result of the influx of residents from Kingston and other rural parishes. The population of St. Andrew, similar to Kingston, has a higher proportion of individuals within the working group age of 15-64. In 2008, 63.1% of St. Andrew belonged to the 15-64 age group, 11% the 65+ age group and 25.9% of the population was below 15 years. The percentage distributions for each age group category in the parish were higher than the national averages, except for the 0-14 group.


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St. Catherine The parish of St. Catherine had an estimated population size of 498,500 in 2008. This according to the Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN, 2009) was a 3.4% increase over 2001 census data figures. Similar to St. Andrew, the parish of St. Catherine has seen an overall increase in its population size due to the migration of persons from the capital to other parts of the parish and movement into the parish from other rural towns. The working age group (15-64 years) accounts for 63% of the total population, while children and the elderly account for 29.1% and 8% respectively. Manchester The 2008 data for the parish showed an estimated population size of 191, 000 persons in 2008; 2.7 percentage points higher than 2002 figures. Approximately 60% of the population falls within the 15-65 age group, with 29% being under the age of 15 and 11% representing the elderly age group. Clarendon The parish had an estimated population of 246, 500 at the end of 2008, a 4% increase of 2002 figures. Approximately 59% of the population falls within the working age group, 9.3% the elderly age group and the remainder the under 15 age group. Housing Tenure and Structure Kingston Home ownership in Kingston is the lowest in Jamaica. An estimated 38% of persons are said to own the dwelling they occupy, compared to approximately 58% of residents who lease or rent. Ownership figures have almost doubled since the 1991 census housing data, which showed that approximately 18% of persons owned the dwelling they occupied. The average household size in the parish is 3.1 persons per household and approximately 57% of all households in the parish are headed by females. St. Andrew The 2008 housing data from the JSLC showed that approximately half (47.7%) of the residents in the parish of St. Andrew owned the dwelling they inhabited. This figure is 5.1% higher than 2002 levels. Persons who rent/leased accounted for 30.1%, while interestingly 21.2% of all residents indicated their tenure as ‘rent free.’ Mean household size for the parish was 2.9 persons per household. Females head 50.2% of households in the parish. St. Catherine The JSLC (2011) indicates that approximately 66% of the population own the dwelling they occupy, compared to 61 % in 2002. The proportion of persons renting has remained relatively the same within the 13% range, with a marginal decline of 0.1% over 2002 figures. The housing quality index (HQI) for the parish was 76.4, higher than the national average of 71.4. Mean household size for St. Catherine was


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3.3 persons per household, compared to 3.6 in 2002. Men head an estimated 50.8% of households in the parish, a decline of approximately 9% over 2002 baseline figures. Manchester Similar to housing tenure data for St. Catherine an estimated 66% of all persons within the parish of Manchester owned the dwelling they occupied, a 1% increase over 2002 figures. Approximately 16% of the population were ‘free’ renters, down from 23% in 2002. The amount of persons indicating rent as their tenure status increased from 11.7% in 2002 to 18.4% in 2008. The average household size is 3.2, while females account for 34.1% of household heads in the parish. The housing quality index for the parish is 70.6. Clarendon The average household size in the parish stood at 3.4% in 2008, with women heading 46% of households. Over 64% of persons owned the dwelling they occupied in the parish, a decline of 3.5%. The number of persons living ‘rent free’ increased by over 5%, while the number of squatters declined by half from 1.4% to 0.7%. The housing quality index for the parish was 67.7, 5.6 points above 2002 figures. Utility and Municipal Services Water According to the Ministry of Health (MOH), an estimated 73% of the population had access to safe, potable water in 2007. This is a marked improvement over 1990 and 2002 levels, when approximately 60% and 69.1% respectively of the population had access to safe, potable water (Knight, 2008). The JSLC (2011) estimates that nationally 78.5 % of the national population has access to safe, potable water resources. Access to safe, potable water is greatest in the urban areas of the island, with an estimated 98% of residents in the KMA having access to safe, potable water; 12 and 53 percentage points higher than the population in other towns and rural areas respectively. In rural areas, 45% of households have piped water, 24% access potable water via standpipes, 23% use rainwater tanks and 8% still obtain water from rivers, streams and ponds. In 2010, the National Water Commission estimated that only 25% of the population had access to sewerage services, while the remainder is mainly connected via on-site sewage disposal systems such as septic tanks and absorption pits or tile fields. Sanitation coverage in urban areas was estimated at 87% in 2001, compared to 49% for rural areas (UN, undated). The JSLC (2002) parish report showed that 97.8% of the population of Kingston had access to safe, potable water in 2002. The latest figures published by the PIOJ shows that indoor and outdoor tap water provided safe, potable water to 96.4 % of the population of Kingston, with an additional 1.6% accessing water from public standpipes in 2008. It is estimated that more than 98% of the population in Kingston has access to safe, potable water resources.


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In 2002, 98.6% of the population of St. Andrew population had access to safe potable water resources, compared to 97.8% for Kingston. Present figures however show that 95.4% of households in St. Andrew have piped (indoor and outdoor) as their source of drinking water, a full percentage point below the level for Kingston. An estimated 87% of the population of St. Catherine had access to piped water, with more than 60% of persons having access via indoor taps and 19% accessing water via the use of outdoor taps. Only 4% of the population received their potable water supply from a public standpipe. This was however an increase of 1.6 percentage points over 2002 figures. There was also an increase in the number of persons using rainwater or tanks. In 2008, 6.3% of persons in St. Catherine had tanks, compared to 4.9% in 2002. In the parish of Manchester, approximately 51% of households utilise rainwater (tanks) to access potable water, while 36% had piped water (26% indoor tap, 3.8% outdoor tap and 6.3% public standpipe). The number of persons depending on rainwater as their main source of potable water supplies declined by 9% over 2002 figures, while the number of persons having access to piped water increased by 0.8%. Seventy-three percent (73%) of the population in Clarendon has access to piped water, 42% from indoor tap, 19% outdoor tap and 12% from standpipes. The number of persons relying on rainwater (tank) increased from 9% in 2002 to almost 16% in 2008. It should be noted however that even though the percentage access to piped water has been presented, many of these areas do not get a reliable water supply due to issues such as inadequate supply from the source, deficiencies in the transmission and distribution networks and insufficient storage. Sanitation In 2008, 94.4% of households in Kingston used water closets compared with 92% and 74.5% of persons in the parishes of St. Andrew and St. Catherine respectively. The data shows that in Kingston, between 2002 and 2008, there was a 4.2 percentage point reduction in the use of water closets and a 3.7 percentage point increase in households using pit latrines. Of households with toilet facilities, 53.7% had exclusive use, 8.2 percentage points below the rate for households nationwide. In St. Andrew, there was a 1.8% reduction in the number of persons having water closets as their main toilet facility. St. Catherine was the only parish that recorded an increase in the number of persons having water closets, an increase of 19% over the 2002-2008 period. For the rural parishes, 54% of the population had water closets in Clarendon, compared to approximately 66% in Manchester. Electricity Electricity is the main source of lighting for 93% of all households in Jamaica. The Jamaica Public Service Company is the main provider of electricity to the island. An estimated 94.1% of the population of Kingston has electricity as the main source of lighting for their households during 2008. In the parishes of St. Catherine and St. Andrew, 95% and 98% respectively of households had electricity services. In the rural parishes of Clarendon and Manchester 91% of households indicated electricity as their main source of lighting.


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With an increase in electricity usage there was a commensurate reduction in the use of other lighting sources such as kerosene.

Telephone / Telecommunication Jamaica is served by the Lime, Claro and Digicel Telecommunications networks. Communication among personnel involved in the project using mobile phones and land lines will be greatly facilitated by the high quality of the communication infrastructure. Solid Waste Management Approximately 91.8% of households in Kingston had their garbage collected (81%, collected regularly) and over 2.1% of households reported that they burnt their garbage. In St. Andrew approximately 89.1% of households had access to formal garbage collection services, with 81.6% having regular public collection. An estimated 8.0% of households burned their garbage. St. Catherine had the lowest coverage in terms of garbage collection services for the urban areas. Approximately 64% of households had access to formal garbage collection systems, with 33% resorting to the burning of garbage. Approximately 52% of households in Clarendon had formal garbage collection, including 36.4% that had regular collection, while 44.2% burnt their garbage. In Manchester approximately 57% of households had their garbage collected, of which 50.4% had a regular public collection service. While another 40.2% of households burnt their garbage, 1.1% used a municipal dump. Responsibility for the collection of solid waste in the country is the responsibility of the National Solid Waste Management Authority (NSWMA) and waste collection services are provided to householders based on revenues collected through Property Taxes. Commercial establishments are expected to make their own arrangements for the collection of garbage with a service provider for a fee. The NSWMA manages a landfill in Riverton, located under 10 kilometres from the Ferry Pump Station. All solid waste arising from the works will be disposed of at Riverton. Municipal Services All parishes have access to health care (clinics, health centres and hospitals), security (police), and emergency management (fire and ambulance) services. The parishes are also supported by various institutional organisations, including educational and recreational facilities. Economy Kingston’s labour force comprised 44,955 workers in 2008; representing approximately 4% of the national labour force. The vast majority of workers are employed within the Wholesale & Retail Trade, Manufacture and Hotels & Restaurants industries. The parish has an unemployment rate of 7.1%. An estimated 24% (280,159 workers) of the country’s labour force is in the parish of St. Andrew. The vast


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majority are employed within the Wholesale & Retail, Manufacture and Education industries. St. Andrew had the lowest unemployment rate of all the parishes at 6.3%. St. Catherine accounted for 21% of the national labour force, with 243,994 persons within the labour force. The majority of workers were employed in the Wholesale & Retail Trade, Agriculture Forestry & Fishing and Transportation Storage & Communication industries. The parish has an unemployment rate of 13.6%. The Agriculture Forestry & Fishing, Wholesale & Retail Trade and Education industries are the main employment industries in the parish of Clarendon. The parish has approximately 108,522 workers in the labour force (9% of national labour force), but has a very high unemployment rate of 19.6%. The parish of Manchester, similar to Clarendon had a very high unemployment rate, with an estimated 14.7% of the labour force being unemployed. Approximately 96,000 workers made up the parish’s labour force (8% of national labour force) and worked mainly in the Agriculture Forestry & Fishing, Wholesale & Retail Trade and Construction industries. Transportation Network and Traffic Some of the roads where pipelines will be installed (replacement and new) are parochial roads with very small traffic. Traffic on those parochial roads is limited to a small number of taxis and private motor cars and very few trucks and vans. It is not foreseen that there will be a major increase in traffic as a result of the proposed works. However, where short term interruptions are expected as a result of specific types of works, appropriate traffic management will be undertaken, in keeping with an overall traffic management plan that will be prepared. These roads are managed by St. Catherine Parish Council and the KSAC. The National Works Agency (NWA) has responsibility for major roads where some of the rehabilitation work will occur. Many of these roads including where the Forest Hills/Red Hills water distribution maintenance will be undertaken, are the responsibility of NWA.

9.0 Impact Identification

The purpose of this section is to identify the major environmental and socio-economic impacts associated with the proposed rehabilitation project activities to be undertaken by the National Water Commission. The impact classification presented is very generic, and should be used only as a guide. It is recommended that the impacts and mitigation measures be revised following the finalisation of all engineering specifications and designs for each project activity and component.


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9.1 Negative Impacts

Construction phase

Table 8 summarises the potential negative impacts associated with the construction phase of the project activities. Direct Impacts on the environment are those which are as a direct result of project activities while Indirect Impacts are not a direct result of the project, often produced away from or as a result of a complex pathway. Indirect Impacts are sometimes referred to as second or third level impacts or secondary impacts and generally over time affect a wider geographical area of the environment than anticipated. Descriptions of these negative impacts are presented below. 1. Air Pollution It is anticipated that during the site development and construction phase there will be a change in air quality as a result of:

a. Fugitive Dust

Rehabilitation activities that involve excavation and demolition, the movement of heavy vehicles carrying construction materials (e.g. sand, gravel, marl etc.), off-loading of construction material will increase fugitive dust at the project sites and within local surroundings.

b. Vehicular Emissions

The operation of heavy duty vehicles and equipment fuelled by diesel such as excavators, tractors and trucks will be the main sources of combustion emissions. Diesel emissions contain over 40 different components identified as being toxic, e.g. carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide etc.

2. Noise

The movement of heavy vehicles, excavation and construction activities are expected to result in an increase in nuisance noise within the project sites and local areas. There will be some noise nuisance resulting from the unavoidable use of equipment such as jackhammers in some areas such as Forest Hills which is rocky in sections. Persons working on the site are likely to be impacted by the noise from construction related activities. Mitigation measures can be instituted to reduce/eliminate the impact of noise on workers.


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3. Disturbance of Biological Communities

Pipe laying activities and the construction of the water treatment facility for the aquifer recharge project may affect ecosystems through the clearing of vegetation, soil disruption, and the potential for erosion and noise. These changes can lead to habitat loss and fragmentation for forest-dependent species. Most of the project activities will occur in areas already disturbed and heavy degraded so the impacts are expected to be negligible.

4. Increase in Vehicular Traffic

During rehabilitation works, it is anticipated that the movement of heavy vehicles and equipment, excavation and pipe laying, road reinstatement and construction works will have an impact on existing traffic patterns within the vicinity of the project sites. The replacement of pipeline in the Forest Hill/Red Hills area will require work in residential areas and on roads where traffic will be greater than the other components of this Project. Without proper planning and notification to road users, the traffic disruptions could cause serious delays. 5. Land and Water Pollution

The following aspects could cause land and water pollution:

• Fuel spills from storage and dispensing of fuel to equipment and vehicles

• Inappropriate disposal of solid waste which will consist of: o Soil from land clearing and excavation o A significant quantity of solid waste consisting of construction debris and

packaging material o Garbage associated with administrative and welfare activities

• Inappropriate disposal of sewage generated by workers

• Sediments in storm water from erosion associated with land clearing, excavations and aggregate stockpiles

The actual volume of solid waste to be generated during the construction phase is unknown. However much of the solid waste generated will come from construction debris, construction packing materials (plastics, paper etc.) and domestic waste (food and beverage packages). During construction, much of the waste will be stored temporarily on site, prior to disposal at an approved landfill site. Without suitable containment of solid waste, pests and parasites such as flies, roaches, rats, mosquitoes may be attracted to the area.

6. Aesthetics

Excavation works, pipe laying, and rehabilitation of distributions main will result in temporary changes to the existing topography and surroundings which could be aesthetically displeasing until the excavations are reinstated. Visual aesthetics could also be impacted negatively by the stockpiling of waste and spoil on site.


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7. Depletion of oil resources

Fuel is essential to operate construction equipment and to transport material and equipment to the sites. The contribution to depletion of oil resources is negligible.

8. Depletion of water resources

The quantity of water used for construction will be small and will not contribute to depletion in water resources. Water is essential for construction activities and welfare facilities (drinking water and sanitation). Water could be wasted if proper measures are not instituted prior to commencing construction related and rehabilitation activities. 9. Construction related accidents

Where construction work is being done, the potential exists for accidents. Measures can be instituted to eliminate or minimise these potential impacts.

10. Soil erosion

Loss of soil from erosion can occur as a result of tree and vegetation removal and from excavation. Measures can be implemented to minimise this impact. 11. Community Health, Safety & Security On some occasions equipment and vehicles deployed to site will need to remain at a storage location near to the work site. Security of the equipment and safety considerations for persons living in and traversing the area will be an important consideration.


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Table 8 - Negative Environmental Impacts during construction No. Activity Aspects Impacts Character of Impact

Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual

Component 1 1. Rehabilitation of 27 water

production facilities Solid waste (pipes, pumps, fittings removed)

Land and water pollution ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Use of water resources (water wastage during repairs/replacement)

Depletion of water resources ∗ ∗ ∗

Use of energy resources (selection of electrically driven equipment)

Depletion of energy resources ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Noise (operation of equipment and heavy duty vehicles)

Nuisance

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Human health impacts e.g. hearing impairment

∗ ∗ ∗

Use of fuel resources (transportation of materials and equipment and operation of heavy duty equipment)

Depletion of fuel resources

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Fuel and oil leaks/spills Land and water pollution

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Rehabilitation work Health impacts/injury due to accidents

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

2. NRW Activities a) Detection and repair of

leaks b) Leak detection and

installation of DMS and valves (Forest Hills/Red Hills)

Emissions and fugitive dust (operation of heavy duty equipment and excavation)

Air pollution ∗ ∗ ∗

Health impacts ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Solid waste (spoil from Land and water pollution ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


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No. Activity Aspects Impacts Character of Impact

Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual

excavation, vegetation removed, pipes and fittings removed, garbage)

Displeasing aesthetics ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Soil erosion Sedimentation and blocked drains

∗ ∗ ∗

Loss of soil ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ Water pollution ∗ ∗ ∗


Nuisance

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗



∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Transportation by heavy duty vehicles and pipe laying

Traffic disruption ∗ ∗ ∗

Road damage ∗ ∗ ∗

Health impacts/injury due to accidents

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


Component 2 3. a) Aquifer recharge –

construction of sedimentation ponds and wetlands

Emissions and fugitive dust (operation of heavy duty equipment and excavation)




∗ ∗ ∗


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Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual

Loss of soil ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Water pollution ∗ ∗ ∗

Solid waste (spoil from excavation, vegetation removed, scrap, garbage)





∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


Nuisance

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗

Use of water resources (abstraction from Rio Cobre via NIC canal)

Depletion of water resource ∗ ∗

Removal of vegetation Loss of biological habitats and crops

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Construction of water treatment facility and pipe laying





∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

b) Pumping main from Ferry to Rock Pond, pipeline construction

Emissions and fugitive dust (heavy duty equipment and excavation)




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Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual





∗ ∗ ∗


Noise (operation of equipment and construction vehicles)

Nuisance

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗



∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Excavation and pipe laying Displeasing aesthetics ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗




∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


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Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual

c) Water supply improvements for 3 rural areas, source improvement or development; main repair/replacement or upgrade

Emissions and fugitive dust (heavy duty equipment and excavation)







∗ ∗ ∗


Noise (operation of equipment and construction vehicles)

Nuisance

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗



∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Excavation and pipe laying Displeasing aesthetics ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗




∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


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Direct

Indirect

Reversible

Irreversible

Temporary

Residual

4. Component 3 Energy Efficiency (rehabilitation

of pumping equipment) Solid waste (spoil from excavation, vegetation removed, scrap, garbage)



Use of water resources (water wastage during repairs/replacement)

Depletion of water resources ∗ ∗ ∗

Use of energy resources (selection of electrically driven equipment)

Depletion of energy resources ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


Nuisance ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗



∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Rehabilitation work Health impacts/injury due to accidents

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

5. Component 4 Institutional Strengthening Restructuring of the NWC Job losses ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗


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Operational Phase

Based on the design details of the project, there are no outright negative impacts associated with the operational phase of the project. There is however the potential for disruptions to the water supply systems in the absence of proper monitoring and maintenance. It is therefore recommended that a monitoring and leak prevention and maintenance plan (MLPMP) be developed by the National Water Commission to ensure that water production facilities and equipment are operating at their design capacities. The effectiveness of the plan will be determined by the strategies developed within the plan, including the support resources provided for the execution of the plan. The Monitoring and Leak Prevention and Maintenance Plan should include:

1. The overall goals and objectives of the plan 2. The individuals having responsibility for overseeing the implementation of the plan,

including their specific roles and responsibilities 3. Source of funding for the execution of the strategies outlined in the plan 4. The scope of monitoring and maintenance activities 5. Specific monitoring and maintenance activities for leak detection and prevention 6. Monitoring and maintenance procedures to be followed e.g. inspection and repair

procedures 7. Equipment required for each activity 8. Reports, forms and/or logs to be prepared or completed

9.2 Positive Impacts (Construction and Operational Phase)

There are many positive impacts during both the construction and operational phases associated with the rehabilitation and upgrade works as outlined in Table 9.

1. Employment Based on the project activities associated with Components 1-3, it is anticipated that more than one hundred (100) persons will likely gain employment from the proposed project works. A wide range of skill sets will be required. These include: Engineers, Construction workers, Masons, Carpenters, Electricians, Painters, Plumbers, Supervisors, etc. Under Component 4 of the proposed projects, additional employment opportunities are not expected, but existing employees are expected to receive training in various areas that will help to contribute to the overall efficiency of the National Water Commission. 2. Increased Water Supply and Improved Service Delivery The rehabilitation works to be carried out will significantly improve the supply of water to NWC customers. The rehabilitation of distribution mains, reduction of leakages through repairs and installation of new pipes will all result in a more reliable and steady supply of water.


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Rehabilitation of water production facilities will allow for the facilities to perform at their design capacities, thereby improving the supply of water provided via these facilities to customers. 3. Reduction in Unaccounted for Water and Non-Revenue Water Leakage repairs and the installation of district metering will allow the NWC to significantly reduce UFW and NRW. The extensive works to be undertaken across the KSA is expected to increase revenues for the NWC, but also ensure that detection of leaks and monitoring of illegal activities is made easier. 4. Improved Water Infrastructure and Technology Most of the existing water infrastructure and technology are old and degraded, and have contributed to an inefficient water supply service and delivery system. Much of the existing water production facilities are operating well below their design capacities, and this has affected the provision of water supply to customers. Maintenance activities have been lacking, due to institutional and resource constraints at the NWC. With the proposed works identified for infrastructural and technological improvements, it is expected that this will represent a major positive change from present baseline conditions, and will assist the NWC in meeting the demands of the population in an effective and timely manner. 5. Increase Operational Efficiency at NWC The strategies outlined under Component 4 are expected to streamline the activities of the NWC, by bringing a more structured approach to the way in which works are executed at the organisation. Increased training opportunities for staff, provision of critical resources, improvement in the billing and collection system and the use of advanced technologies in the day to day functions of the organisation, will help to ensure that the NWC attains its mission of providing the highest quality potable water and wastewater services, maintain good working conditions and good corporate citizenship while protecting the natural environment and contributing positively to national development

Table 9 - Positive Impact Classification

Positive Impacts (Anticipated) Impact Classification Minor Moderate Major 1. Employment √√√√

2. Increased water supply and improved service delivery √√√√

3. Less water lock offs and more reliable water supply service √√√√

4. Reduction in the amount of unaccounted for water (UFW) and level of non-revenue water levels

√√√√

5. Improved billing and collection system and increased revenue for NWC

√√√√

6. Improved water infrastructure and technology √√√√ 7. Lower energy requirements and costs √√√√

8. Increase Operational Efficiency at NWC √√√√


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10.0 Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures for negative impacts outlined in Table 10 should be included in the bid documents for works to be provided so that they become contractual responsibilities for the successful bidder. Mitigation measures are not required for positive impacts.

Table 10 – Construction Impact Classification and Mitigation Measures Impacts

(Anticipated) Impact

Classification Mitigation Measures

Minor

Moderate

Major

1. Emissions and Fugitive Dust

Fugitive dust emissions & Vehicular emissions

• Air pollution

• Health impacts e.g. respiratory problems

√√√√ • Cover haulage vehicles transporting aggregate, soil and cement

• Cover and/or wet onsite stockpiles of aggregate, soil etc.

• Ensure proper stock piling/storage and disposal of solid waste

• Wet cleared land areas regularly

• Use water sprays to minimize dust

• Provide workers with the necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g. dust masks and ensure that they are worn

• Operate well maintained vehicles and equipment 2. Noise Nuisance

√√√√ • Provide workers with the necessary Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g. hearing protection and ensure that they are worn

• Sensitize residents in the area to the types of activities that will take place ahead of the works and assign a liaison person with whom the residents can relate

• Ensure project activities are scheduled during working hours of 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

• Operate well maintained vehicles and equipment

Health impacts: hearing impairment

√√√√

3. Solid Waste Land and water pollution

√√√√ • Contain garbage and construction debris onsite until disposal at the approved municipal disposal site at Riverton

• Prohibit burning of solid waste on project sites Displeasing aesthetics

√√√√

4. Soil Erosion Sedimentation and blocked drains

√√√√ • Only clear top soil from areas to be used

• Place berms around stockpiles of top soil and aggregate (sand, gravel, marl)

• Avoid steep cuts and where there are steep cuts Loss of soil

√√√√


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Impacts (Anticipated)

Impact Classification

Mitigation Measures

Minor

Moderate

Major

Water pollution

√√√√ they must be shored up

• In constructing the pipeline in the side drain, care will be taken to backfill the trenches with rock fill above the pipe to prevent scour where slopes are in excess of 5%.

• Utilise sediment traps to minimise sediment runoff

5. Vegetation Removal

Loss of biological habitats and crops

√√√√ • Replant trees in the same area of the project site or other areas

• Make arrangements with farmers to compensate them for farm crops which may have to be removed

• Only clear those areas that are absolutely necessary

• Bring to the attention of the Jamaica National Heritage Trust and the NEPA immediately if any artefacts are found and safeguard same

6. Fuel/oil Consumption

Depletion of resources

√√√√ • Depletion of resources will be negligible based on the nature of the work

7. Use of hazardous materials and chemicals

Land and water pollution

√√√√ • Ensure that there are appropriate spill kits in place to contain and clean up spills

• Obtain approval for the disposal of hazardous materials from NEPA and the NSWMA

• Ensure that proper handling, use and storage of all chemicals are done according to industry best practices

• Personnel handling chemicals must be trained to do so safely and must wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment

8. Fuel and Chemical Spills

Land and water pollution

√√√√ • Store fuel and chemicals with secondary (spill) containment infrastructure

• Utilise proper dispensing equipment

• Have spill containment and cleanup equipment on site and dispose of waste in accordance with best practices

9. Water consumption/ wastage

Depletion of water resources

√√√√ • Implement best practices for the repair of water supply equipment and facilities.

Increased surface run-off

√√√√

Increased mosquito breeding grounds due to formation

√√√√


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Impacts (Anticipated)

Impact Classification

Mitigation Measures

Minor

Moderate

Major

of settling ponds 10. Energy Usage/

Consumption Depletion of energy resources

√√√√ • Implement best practices for the repair of water supply equipment and facilities.

• Select energy efficient equipment for replacement of inefficient and malfunctioning /non-functional equipment

11. Sewage Land and water pollution

√√√√ • Use a reputable company to provide portable toilets for workers on site

12. Construction, demolition, excavation, pipe laying and road reinstatement

Increased traffic movement

• Traffic congestion

• Motor vehicle accidents

√√√√ • Erect signs along main transportation route and in sensitive areas such as schools

• Transport heavy equipment and pipelines during off-peak traffic hours between (2:00 to 4:00 a.m.) with police outriders

• Trucks transporting construction material should be advised to comply with the speed limits

Displeasing aesthetics

√√√√ • Organise work programme to minimise the amount of time between excavations and reinstatement of the work area

Disturbance of crocodile nesting areas

• In the event of crocodile sighting associated with the aquifer recharge project, the National Environment and Planning Agency should be immediately notified

Destruction of roadways/access paths

√√√√ • Adhere to established standards and best practices for the repair of water supply equipment and facilities.

• Ensure that NWA approves of road repairs undertaken

Community health, safety & security

√√√√ • When works take place on open roads, equipment and vehicles will be brought together at one single protected place during the night to ensure both community and workers’ safety.

13. Man-made and natural hazards (fires, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, fuel and chemical spills)

Destruction of property, loss of life, accidents

√√√√ • An emergency preparedness and response plan must be in place to cover man-made and natural hazards. Workers must be trained in the requirements of the emergency preparedness and response plan.

11.0 Disaster Vulnerability

The island of Jamaica is naturally susceptible to disasters e.g. floods, hurricanes, tropical storms, earthquakes etc. All projects activities are vulnerable to disasters during the construction and


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operational phases. The implementation period for each project component extends over a year, and it is likely that project activities will be affected by changes in climate and weather patterns. Slack time will be built into each of the projects as delays are inevitable if disasters happen. Though abandonment of project works is unlikely, in the event of a major hurricane (Category 3, 4 or 5), earthquake or fire the works maybe delayed or abandoned and new project activities developed.

12.0 Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan

The Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan (EMMP) will guide NWC on the contractual obligations that it must have in place with the Contractors who are working on its behalf. NWC is still ultimately responsible for the project and to prevent and minimise adverse environmental and social impacts associated with the project. NWC will have to monitor the contractor to ensure that contractual requirements related to environmental management and monitoring are implemented. There will be some aspects of the project that NWC will have to monitor and manage themselves. Many of the contents of the EMMP will likely be conditions of the permit from NEPA for these projects. The Environmental Management Plan centres primarily on health and safety and environmental protection during pipeline construction. Steps will be taken to ensure that construction materials, in particular sand, gravel and marl are obtained from licensed operators. Measures will be implemented to ensure that solid waste from the projects are disposed of at an approved disposal site which in this case would be Riverton and that short term nuisances such as noise, dust and traffic problems are kept to a minimum. These will include engaging only reputable operators and conducting appropriate spot checks to verify that disposal are done in accordance with the requirements of NEPA and other agencies. Longer terms measures such as repositioning trees or new planting at affected sites will be implemented as necessary. Contractors will be required to organise an environmental awareness and health and safety training session for all workers at the beginning of the project and maintain strict standards throughout the execution of the projects. The Contractor will be required to reinforce the training at various stages during project execution. Contractors will have the responsibility to implement and adhere to mitigation measures to prevent adverse environmental and social impacts and as such all contracts will include the applicable mitigation measures outlined in Table 10.


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Reporting During the construction phase:

1. The contractor will submit monthly reports to NWC outlining work progress including environmental mitigation measures that must be implemented, accidents, incidents requiring activation of the emergency response plans and breaches in environmental requirements, if any.

2. NWC will submit monthly reports to NEPA outlining work progress including environmental mitigation measures that must be implemented, accidents, incidents requiring activation of the emergency response plans and breaches in environmental requirements.

The EMMP is presented at Table 11.

Table 11 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan Management Plan Monitoring Programme

Construction phase

1. Fugitive dust emissions & vehicular emissions

• Cover haulage vehicles transporting aggregate, soil and cement

• Cover onsite stockpiles of aggregate, cement, soil etc.

• Ensure proper stock piling and disposal of solid waste

• Wet cleared land areas regularly to control fugitive dust

• Provide workers with the necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g. dust masks and ensure that they are worn

• Operate well maintained vehicles and equipment

• NWC is to ensure that the contractor implements the required mitigation measures by conducting periodic audits

• The Contractor’s monthly report to provide details of the mitigation measures implemented

2. Noise

• Provide workers with the necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g. hearing protection and ensure that they are worn


3. Solid waste (vegetation, construction debris, wood, garbage)

• Contain garbage and construction debris and dispose of at the approved municipal disposal site

• NWC is to obtain verification that the contractor has disposed of solid waste at an approved municipal disposal site


4. Sewage

• Contract a reputable company to provide portable toilets for workers

• NWC is to verify that waste is being taken to an approved wastewater treatment facility


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Management Plan Monitoring Programme 5. Soil erosion

• Place berms around stockpiles of excavated soil and aggregate

• Shore up excavations if pipeline is to be buried

• NWC is to conduct periodic audits of contractor operations


6. Construction work

• Erect signs during construction activities

• Provide workers with the necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Train construction personnel in good safety practices and emergency preparedness and response measures

• Conduct periodic audits of contractor operations


7. Increased traffic movement

• Erect signs along main transportation route and in sensitive areas such as schools

• Advise contractor of the need to their drivers are to obey speed limits

• Transport heavy equipment and pipelines during off-peak traffic hours (between 2:00 to 4:00 a.m.) with police outriders


8. Fuel and oil spills

• Store fuel with secondary spill containment infrastructure

• Utilise proper dispensing equipment

• Have spill containment and cleanup equipment on site

• NWC is to conduct periodic audits of contractor operations

• The Contractor/NWC is to respond and clean up spills in accordance with emergency preparedness and response plans

• The Contractor is to report to NWC on emergencies

• NWC is to report to NEPA in accordance with permit requirements


9. Road reinstatement • NWC and NWA are to monitor works to ensure that road reinstatement is to accepted standards

Operation and Maintenance The NWC will be responsible for maintaining the water supply infrastructure. A detailed maintenance programme must be developed to maintain all infrastructure in optimal condition. The focus should be preventative maintenance in order to reduce the need for maintenance due to failure of equipment and infrastructure.


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13.0 Safety

In accordance with NWC’s health and safety plan, the Contractor executing the works must provide NWC with a detailed Safety Programme for the project. NWC’s acceptance of the Safety Programme will not in any way relieve the Contractor of full and complete responsibility for the safety of its operations. The Contractor’s written Health & Safety Plan must, as a minimum, address the NWC’s safety requirements. NWC Safety Rules The contractor shall comply with safety rules and regulations that are enforced at the site in accordance with international safety standards such as Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) and the provisions of the draft Jamaica Occupational Safety and Health Act (JOSHA).

a. The contractor shall be solely responsible for the safety of his subcontractor’s employees. It is mandatory that all personnel required to perform work at the site be fitted with approved PPE such as safety helmet, glasses and boots at minimum while on site. Additional PPE must be worn based on the hazards identified. Failure to comply with this request will result in the expulsion of the offending individual(s) from the site. A pre-start site conference meeting on safety will be held by NWC to advise the contractor of the safety standards and requirements expected.

b. The contractor shall promptly correct any unsafe conditions brought to his attention. c. In the event of an accident, the contractor shall provide NWC with a written report of all

pertinent details of the accident within twenty-four (24) hours of its occurrence. This report shall include recommended actions to prevent future occurrence.

d. The contractor shall provide protection and storage for his equipment, general property, vehicles and personnel during all phases of the work.

e. The contractor shall be responsible for his sub-contractors’ compliance with safety regulations. f. The contractor shall provide a first-aid station and people who can administer first aid on site. g. The contractor shall ensure that his on-site work force is fully equipped with the required safety

gears, e.g. hats, boots, gloves, overalls, goggles, equipment for working at high elevations etc.

14.0 Gender and Equality Opportunities

Based on the proposed project activities both men and women will be afforded equal opportunity to participate in the construction and operational phases of the project components. It is expected that unskilled workers of both genders will be employed as required and that once either gender has the necessary skill set for specialist and/or technical work, they will be considered. During the operational phase of the project, both genders will benefit from the improvements made in water supply infrastructure and technology. In the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew women may be considered the major beneficiaries of the project outcomes, given that the vast majority of households are headed by women in these parishes.


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15.0 Gap Analysis

The following are gaps that need to be addressed in relation to the proposed project. 1. Rehabilitation of Water Production Facilities Information on the project elements was not available for the following water production facilities that have been identified for rehabilitation under Component 1 of the proposed IDB funded project works:

a. Camp Well and Booster b. Barbican (Tavistock) Reservoir c. Barbican Tavistock Tank d. Foothills Pumping Station (To Stillwell Road and Norbrook Reservoirs) e. Norbrook Reservoirs f. Port Royal PR & Reservoirs g. Jubba Springs Pumping Station h. Barbican (Cookham Dene) i. Resthaven Well

2. Biological Baseline The terrestrial ecology of Kingston and St. Andrew has been heavily disturbed, with much of the existing flora being in an extensively degraded state. However there are areas where rehabilitation works have been proposed that have thriving biological communities, though partially disturbed and in a semi-degraded state. Specific information is therefore needed on the biological communities in the areas of proposed work within the KSA. This information is necessary to allow for better identification of the potential impacts of the proposed works on these resources and the mitigation measures necessary to protect them. 3. Geology Very few data is available about the exact characteristics of the ground along the pipeline routes for the components under consideration. However, since the pipeline will be laid within the body of fill of the road for part of its length, detailed geotechnical investigation during the design phase will have to be carried out in order to determine the overall effect of the geology and geometry of the road/pipeline alignment, particularly for the Ferry to Rock Pond Tank pipeline route and the pipeline associated with the aquifer recharge project. 4. Water Quality (Aquifer Recharge Project) The available water quality data for the water resources in the Rio Cobre Basin was from 2004. Since seven (7) years have elapsed, it will be necessary to obtain updated water quality data in the Rio Cobre.


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5. Rehabilitation Works in Rural Parishes No details could be provided on the geographical scope and nature of the rehabilitation works to be done in Mandeville, May Pen and Old Harbour. Details will be informed by the National Parish Plan being developed by the NWC. Until this information is provided a comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts and recommended mitigation measures cannot be completed. 6. Public Consultations Public consultations with stakeholder agencies and communities will be required in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the project. The NWC plans to have two (2) public meetings in July 2011 to commence this process. Agencies to be consulted include:

• The National Irrigation Commission (NIC)

• The National Works Agency (NWA)

• The Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation (KSAC)

• The St. Catherine Parish Council

• The Manchester Parish Council

• The Clarendon Parish Council

• National Environment and Planning Agency

• Office of Utilities Regulation

Communities to be consulted include:

• Ferry

• Forest Hills/Red Hills

• Inswood

• May Pen

• Mandeville

• Old Harbour


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16.0 References

1. National Water Commission, August 2009, Environmental Impact Assessment Jamaican Water

Supply Improvement Project (Pipelines) 2. National Water Commission, November 2009, Kingston Water and Sanitation Project

Consultancy Services Final Design Report 3. National Water Commission, March 2010, Kingston Water and Sanitation Project Consultancy

Services Design Report 4. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2011, JA-L1035 Aide Memoir, KMA Water Supply

Improvement Project 5. National Water Commission, January 2006, Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply,

Artificial Recharge at Innswood, Draft Conceptual Design 6. National Water Commission, August 2009, Jamaican Water Supply Improvement Project

Category A, Interim Environmental Impact Assessment Pipeline Works 7. National Water Commission, August 2009, Jamaican Water Supply Improvement Project

Category B, Interim Environmental Impact Assessment Pipeline Works


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APPENDIX 1 Water Production Facilities Design Details for 26 facilities in the KMA

1. Kirkland Heights, Forest Hill and Brentwood Reservoirs and Pumping Stations The rehabilitation works is aimed at increasing the volume of the Kirkland Reservoir to 1,150m3 and the Brentwood Reservoir to 1,550m3. Works will include:

a. The installation of:

• glass fused steel tank (1,150m3 Kirkland and 1,550m3 Brentwood), three (3) close coupled vertical turbine, can type pump sets (two duty and one standpipe) with supported fixtures and a new suction piping valve to each pump.

• new discharge piping for each pump including check valve, gate valve, air valve, pressure switch and pressure gauge

• Altitude Valve at inlet to reservoir at the Kirkland and Brentwood reservoirs.

• new transformer and cabling to MCC to be used as new secondary power supply source at Kirkland and new JPS 415 volts, 3 phase, 50hz. Power supply to the site to replace exiting 220 volt supply

• New MCC to include new indoor electronic soft starter switchgear for 3 no pumps/motors with dust and vermin proof enclosure, transient voltage Surge Suppression System and Power Factor Correction Capacitor Bank

• Electrical services and lighting for upgraded electrical room and Lightning protection system

• Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory storage.

• New pole-mounted pothead and main cable at Forest Hills

• Above ground PVCSWA armoured multi-core cable between transformer secondary and switchgear and underground XLPE armoured multi-core cable from switchgear to pump motors at Forest Hills.

b. Demolition of existing redundant buildings. In the case of Forest Hills, one existing

building shall be modified to accommodate new MCC. c. Construction of retaining walls at Brentwood d. Testing for Water Tightness and Acceptance of the Forest Hills Reservoir

2. Chancery Hall Reservoir and Booster Pumping Station, Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir

No. 1 and Pumping Station and Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 2 And Pumping Station

Rehabilitation works at the Chancery Hall Network System will include the installation of:

a. New proposed pumps, one duty and one standby:

• Chancery Hall Reservoir And Booster Pumping Station: 21.2 lps (336.2 USGPM); at 64.1m TDH; and motors 18.7 kW (25 HP) 415 volts three phase, 50 Hz


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• Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 1 and Pumping Station: 18.9 lps (299.7 USGPM); at 144.3 m TDH; and motors 37.3 kW (50 HP) 415 volts three phase, 50 Hz.

• Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 2 and Pumping Station be 11.8 lps (187 USGPM); at 146.5 m TDH; and motors 22.4 kW (30 HP) 415 volts three phase, 50 Hz.

b. New discharge manifold connected to the existing rising main including check valve, gate valve,

air valve, pressure switch, pressure gauge and pressure reducing valves (reservoir #2) c. New MCC to include new indoor electronic soft starter switchgear for 2 No. pumps/motors

with dust and vermin proof enclosure, transient voltage Surge Suppression System and Power Factor Correction Capacitor Bank, Each starter to be provided with protective devices against single phasing, phase reversal, under voltage and phase imbalance. There will be new miscellaneous works to support outdoor switchgear at chancery hall heights reservoir No. 1 and Pumping Station.

d. Associated controls to include Motor stop/start in accordance with water level in tank, motor restart after resumption of JPSCo. Ltd power, low water level protection and high discharge pressure protection (rising main Chancery Hall Reservoir “Booster” Relift and Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #1 and Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #1and Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #2).

e. Associated controls to include Motor stop/start in accordance with water level in Reservoir at Brentwood, motor restart after resumption of JPSCo. Ltd power, low water level protection and high discharge pressure protection (rising main Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #2and Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #3).

f. Improved external lighting g. Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory storage h. Float Valve at inlet to reservoir at Chancery Hall Reservoir #2 and Chancery Hall Heights

Reservoir #3. i. Power Supply:

• Establishment of a new safer and more efficient incoming Power supply 415 Volts, 3 phase, 50 Hz to the site at Chancery Hall Reservoir And Booster Pumping Station

• Relocation of the pole with metering facility close to the main switchgear for accessibility and upgraded Electricity supply (240V, 3 phase, 50Hz to 415V, 3phase, 50Hz) at Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 1 and Pumping Station

• Miscellaneous works on existing switchgear room and Upgrade of Electricity Supply from 220V, 3 phase, 50Hz to 415V, 3 phase, 50Hz at Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 2 and Pumping Station

j. Miscellaneous concrete works to support pumps and switchgear. k. Rehabilitation Works of Concrete and Steel Reservoirs

Chancery Hall Reservoir and Booster Pumping Station: rehabilitation works will be conducted on the reinforced concrete reservoir and include:

a. Demolishing of top concrete slab and constructing of new one b. Cleaning of vertical concrete walls from both sides


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c. Minor repair of local damage that might appear after cleaning and concrete patch repair with epoxy mortar and injection of possible cracks,

d. Breaking out of different areas of concrete walls where leakage was observed and clearing of reinforcement bars

e. Protection of exposed reinforcement bars against corrosion. Sika product such as SikaTop Armatec 110 EpoCem or equivalent shall be used

f. Concreting of broken area with high early strength mortar and improved bond strength. g. Allowances will be included for the repair of visually assessed damage. These include concrete

spalling repair if relevant. h. The SikaRepair 224 product can be used as it is sprayable structural repair mortar, Fill the pores

and level the surface with Sikagard 75 EpoCem epoxy mortar where necessary,

Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 1 and Pumping Station: rehabilitation and restoration works will be conducted on the steel reservoir and will include:

a. Cleaning of vegetation around foundation and underneath of bottom steel plate of tank, b. Preventative treatment of area situated underneath the bottom steel plate of tank with

appropriate chemical products aiming to preclude future vegetation from growing up, c. Restoration works to steel reservoir and foundation: (a) Demolishing and cleaning of top

concrete mortar of RC ring wall, (b) Cleaning of outer face of RC ring wall, (c) Drilling and placing of dowels with epoxy mortar on the top of RC ring wall over 20cm height (d) Concreting of new RC annular beam, 20cmx20cm dimensions, on the top of ring wall, (e) Minor repair of local damage and patch repair with epoxy mortar of RC ring wall, (f) Removing of bolts where leakage is taken place and placing of new rubber joints between the two steel shells and fasten with new bolts (g) Sand blasting of steel shells and roof by dry method (h) Cleaning, applying of protective anti-corrosion layer and painting (i) Placing and fastening of missing bolts on roof and (j) Allowances will be included for the repair of visually assessed damage to RC ring wall. These include crack repair and concrete spalling repair if relevant.

Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir No. 2 And Pumping Station: rehabilitation of buildings and steel reservoir and foundation will include:

a. Refurbishment of existing building and inclusion of improved internal and external property lighting.

b. Rehabilitation works for the steel reservoir and foundation: (a) Preventive treatment of area situated underneath the bottom steel plate of tank with appropriate chemical products aiming to preclude future vegetation from growing up (b) Demolishing and cleaning of the top concrete mortar of RC ring wall (c) Cleaning of outer face of RC ring wall (d) Drilling and placing of dowels with epoxy mortar on the top of RC ring wall over 20 cm height (e) Concreting of new RC annular beam, 20cmx20cm dimensions, on the top ring wall (f) Minor repair of local damage and patch repair with epoxy mortar of RC ring wall (g) Sand blasting of steel shells and roof by dry method (h) Cleaning, applying of protective anti-corrosion layer and painting (i) Placing and fastening of missing bolts on roof (j) Allowances will be included for the repair of visually assessed damage to RC ring wall. These include crack repair and concrete spalling repair if relevant (k) Cleaning of vegetation around foundation and underneath of bottom steel plate of tank


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c. Replace 1500m of 100mm pipeline with 150mm DI pipeline between CHH PS # 2 to CHH Res # 3:

3. Chancery Hall Deep Well, White Marl Well No 1, White Marl Well No 2, White Marl Well

No 3 and Chlorination Building, Havendale No 2 Well, Montgomery Corner Well and Reservoir

The rehabilitation works for the water supply facilities will see the following works being undertaken:

a. Installation of :

• new vertical turbine deep well pump and motor set, including column shaft and bowl assembly, foot valves and screens and discharge head assy. The new pumps shall be installed in existing boreholes

• new discharge piping connected to the existing rising main to contact storage tank. Each pump discharge will be fitted with check valve, gate valve, air valve, inline pressure transducer with incorporated pressure switch and pressure gauge.

• Chlorination facilities, including contact storage tanks, safety equipment, leak detection equipment, system control panel

• New switch gear/Motor Control Centre

• Lighting protection system

• Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory storage

• New pole-mounted pothead and main cable ( except Havendale),

b. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection, pressure switch with timer to Start/Stop Pump motor and electromechanical timers for pump restart after outages.

c. Replacement of existing cables d. Improve internal and external lighting (indoor and outdoor lighting) e. Rehabilitation of existing buildings to accommodate MCC

4. Chancery Hall Heights Reservoir #3 Rehabilitation works will include: i. Replace existing float valve ii. Rehabilitation works for the steel reservoir and foundation: iii. The reservoir shall undergo the same repair as the previous ones in the Chancery Hall Heights

System. 5. Gordon Town Relift Station Rehabilitation works will include:

a. Installation of:


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• New close coupled vertical turbine

• New suction gate valve and piping to each pump an7d new discharge piping to rising main from each pump including check valve, gate valve, air valve, inline pressure transducer and pressure gauge

• New switchboard/ motor control centre

• New suction piping to be tied into existing outlet pipe and repair of existing suction line


• New power factor correction capacitor bank and high efficiency motors, with heaters to prevent condensation

b. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection,

pressure switch with timer to Start/Stop Pump motor and electromechanical timers for pump restart after outages

c. Replacement of existing cables d. Upgrading of external and internal lighting e. Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory

6. Gordon Town Reservoir and Hope High Level Reservoir i. Installation of new associated valving to reservoir, including, pilot operated level control float

valve, check valve to reservoir as well as new gate valves. ii. Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete reservoir: (a) cleaning of vertical concrete walls (b)

breaking out of concrete walls to fix leaks and clearing of reinforcement bars (c) protection of exposed reinforcement bars against corrosion (d) filling of pores and levelling of surfaces (e) refurbish galvanised steel ladder, including general repairs and painting (f) removal of corroded open mesh covers (g) supply and install galvanised steel open mesh roof cover and (h) undertaking of water tightness test.

For the Hope High Level Reservoir, rehabilitation of reinforced concrete reservoir will include activities listed under (f), (g) and (h).

7. Hope High Level Pumping Station

Rehabilitation works will include: i. Installation of:

• New closed vertical turbines, can type pump sets and motors (horizontal pumps for Ferry relift

• New suction gate valve and piping to each pump and new discharge piping to rising main from each pump including check valve, gate valve, air valve, inline pressure transducer and pressure gauge

• New switchgear / motor control centre

• New suction piping to be tied into existing outlet pipe and repair of existing suction line


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• New power factor correction capacitor bank and high efficiency motors, with heaters to prevent condensation

ii. Rehabilitate existing building : cleaning of vertical walls and roof of existing building, including general repairs and painting

iii. Refurbish existing doors and windows: (a) clean and repair any local damage (b) apply anti-corrosion protection and paint surfaces.

iv. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection, pressure switch with timer to Start/Stop Pump motor and electromechanical timers for pump restart after outages

v. Replacement of existing cables vi. Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory

8. Ferry Relift, Hydra Drive Pumping Station, and Molynes Road Booster Rehabilitation works will include:

a. Installation of:

• New closed vertical turbines, can type pump sets and motors (horizontal pumps for Ferry Relift


• New switchgear / motor control centre

• New surge suppression valve and associated isolation valve and piping to replace existing system for suppression of surges (Hydra Drive pumping station)


• New pole mounted transformer sub-station, power factor correction capacitor bank and high efficiency motors, with heaters to prevent condensation (Ferry Relift)

• Glass fused to steel storage tanks (Ferry Relift)

b. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection, pressure switch with timer to Start/Stop Pump motor and electromechanical timers for pump restart after outages (except for Hydra drive)

c. Replacement of existing cables (except for Hydra Drive) d. Upgrading of external and internal lighting (Hydra Drive) e. Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory (Hydra Drive)

9. Havenmeade Pumping Station Rehabilitation works will include the following works:

a. Installation of:

• New twin compartment rectangular concrete storage tank

• New close coupled vertical turbine, can type pump sets and motors.


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• New surge suppression valve and associated isolation valve and piping to replace existing system for suppression of surges.

• New switchgear/ motor control centre

• Install lighting protection system

b. Improve indoor and outdoor lighting c. Replace all existing electrical cables d. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection,


e. Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory f. Soundproofing works of existing building to include padding of existing walls and slab with

soundproofing membranes.

10. Hope Pastures Reservoir Rehabilitation works will include:

a. New associated valving to existing reservoir b. Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete reservoir: (a) cleaning of vertical concrete walls (b)

breaking out of concrete walls to fix leaks and clearing of reinforcement bars (c) protection of exposed reinforcement bars against corrosion (d) filling of pores and levelling of surfaces (e) refurbish galvanised steel ladder, including general repairs and painting (f) removal of corroded open mesh covers (g) supply and install galvanised steel open mesh roof cover and (h) undertaking of water tightness test.

11. Mona-Hope Raw water Transfer Pumping Station Rehabilitation works will include:

a. Removal of existing pipes, valves, pumps, cans, motors and motor control centres b. Installation of:

• New close coupled vertical turbine, can type pump sets and motors


• Above ground PVCSWA armoured multi-core cable between transformer secondary and switchgear and underground XLPE armoured multi-core cable from switchgear to pump motors.

• New switchgear and motor control centre

• New power factor correction capacitor bank complete with circuit breaker

• New high efficiency motors with heaters to prevent condensation


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• Install lighting protection system c. Improve indoor and outdoor lighting d. Replace all existing electrical cables e. Associated controls to include low well level protection, low discharge pressure protection,


12. Sterling Castle Reservoir The following works are being undertaken to increase the volume of the Sterling Castle Reservoir to 1,020m3 : i. Installation of a new 730m3

glass fused to steel tank to augment existing storage capacity (increasing it from 450 m3

to 1120 m3) at the location. ii. Rehabilitation of inlet and outlet piping and valves iii. Cleaning of vertical concrete walls from both sides. Minor repair of local damage that might

appear after cleaning. iv. Repair works including concrete spalling repair if relevant and patch repair with epoxy mortar

and injection of cracks. 13. Rock Pond Reservoir

i. Install new Altitude Valve at inlet to reservoir to Rock Pond Reservoir ii. Removing and placing of new sealing compound at the sliding joint; iii. Repairs to existing tank including tank cleaning (internal and external), minor repair of local

damage that might appear after cleaning, cleaning the spots of humidity, fill the pores and level the surface with Sikagard 75 EpoCem epoxy mortar or equivalent waterproofing on concrete wall.

14. Ursa Major Reservoir i. Installation of

• New one way, delay-fill, pilot operated level control altitude valves to reservoir as well as new gate valves and air valves.

• Inline water metering instrumentation with backup battery and memory storage ii. Removal of existing valves and pipes (where specified) for storage at NWC stores iii. Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete reservoir:

a. cleaning of vertical concrete walls b. breaking out of concrete walls to fix leaks and clearing of reinforcement bars c. protection of exposed reinforcement bars against corrosion d. filling of pores and levelling of surfaces e. refurbish galvanised steel ladder, including general repairs and painting f. removal of corroded open mesh covers g. supply and install galvanised steel open mesh roof cover and h. undertaking of water tightness test.


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15. Ferry Hill Reservoir Rehabilitation works will include: i. Installation of:

• Two (2) new glass fused to steel storage tanks to replace the existing ferry hill concrete storage reservoirs

• New level control float valves to each reservoir as well as new gate and air valves ii. Replacement of all air valves iii. Rehabilitation of access road to provide ease of transport of storage tanks

Kma watersupplyproject

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