[k.M I · 2 | vkfFkZd leh{kk 2017-18 [k.M 1 vkj,eth CySaMM dkWVu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj 9.5% - 9.5% 9.5% 3.0% 12.5% vkj,eth Åu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj 8.5% - 8.5% 8.7% 3.1% 11.8%

vuqca/([k.M I)

ii | vkfFkZd leh{kk 2017-18 [k.M 1

vkfFkZd leh{kk 2017-18 [k.M 1 | 1

vè;k; 1 % vFkZO;oLFkk dh fLFkfr% uhfr ds fy, fo'ys"k.k ijd n`f"VlayXud I% diM+k iSdst laca/h vU; fooj.k

Hkkjr esa izfr ,d yk[k #i;s ds fuos'k ij ifj/ku {ks=k 24 ukdfj;ka iznku djrk gS tcfd vkWVks bUMLVªh esa brus gh fuos'k ls 3 ukSdfj;ka izkIr gksrh gSa vkSj bLikr m|ksx esa 1 ukSdjh izkIr gksrh gSA bl {ks=k esa lkekftd :ikarj.k ds fy, mYys[kuh; laHkkouk,a ekStwn gSa D;ksafd blesa vf/dka'k efgykvksa dks jkstxkj feyrk gSA Hkkjr esa ifj/ku {ks=k esa 75» ls Hkh vf/d jkstxkj esa efgykvksa dh fgLlsnkjh gS tks lHkh fofuekZ.k {ks=kksa esa lcls vf/d fgLlsnkjh gS1A

tSlk fd igys okyh vkfFkZd leh{kk esa ppkZ dh xbZ Fkh] Hkkjrh; ifj/ku fu;kZr {ks=k ds lkeus laHkkfjdh] Jfed fofu;e] dj vkSj 'kqYd uhfr;ksa tSlh vusd pqukSfr;ka gSaA blds vykok Hkkjr vius izfrLif/Z;ksa ftudh vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksih; la?k ds cM+s cktkjksa esa vuqdwy igqap gS] dh rqyuk esa de ykHkdkjh fLFkfr esa gS2A

bu eqn~nksa ds fuokj.k ds fy, o"kZ 2016 ds diM+k iSdst esa vusd ?kVd 'kkfey FksA bldh igyh ?kks"k.kk twu] 2016 esa dh xbZ FkhA Ldhe dks vf/dkfjd :i ls uoEcj] 2016 esa vf/lwfpr fd;k x;k vkSj ekpZ rFkk ebZ] 2017 esa Øe'k% 400 djksM+ #i;s vkSj 1554 djksM+ #i, dh igyh vkSj nwljh fdLrsa tkjh dj nh xb±A fuEufyf[kr fp=k 1 esa diM+k iSdst ds fy, dk;kZfUo;u dh le; laca/h :ijs[kk n'kkZ;h xbZ gS

fp=k d- 1 diM+k iSdst dh le; js[kkA

iSdst ds ?kVdksa eas vYikof/ Je lafonkvksa dks ljy cukuk] fu;ksDrk bZih,iQ va'knkuksa ds fy, lgk;rk vkSj vU; fu;kZr izksRlkgu 'kkfey gSA buesa ls lcls cM+k ?kVd jkT; ysoh laca/h NwV (vkjvks,l,y) Fkh tks fu;kZr laca/h vizR;{k djksa esa varfuZfgr FkhA ;s M~;wVh MªkcSd vkSj vU; fu;kZr izksRlkgu ls vyx FkhA fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh d&1 esa iSdst ls igys ds vkSj ckn ds izksRlkguksa laca/h ifjorZuksa dks lkjkaf'kr fd;k x;k gSA3 lkj.kh d&1 iSdst iwoZ vkSj i'pkr dqy fu;kZr izksRlkguksa esa ifjorZuA

lkj.kh d1- dqy fu;kZr izksRlkguksa esa ifjorZu% ~ iSdst ds iwoZ ,oa i'pkr~

iSdst ds iwoZ iSdst ds i'pkr~

M~;wVh dh [kkfe;k

vkjvks,l,y M~;wVh dh [kkfe;k+

vkjvks,l,y

M~;wVh dh [kkfe;k

vkjvks,l,y M~;wVh dh [kkfe;k+

vkjvks,l,y

vkj,eth dkWVu 7.6% - 7.6% 7.6% 3.4% 11%

vkj,eth ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj

9.8% - 9.8% 9.8% 2.8% 12.6%

vkj,eth flYd 7.5% - 7.5% 7.6% 3.9% 11.5%

vkj,eth Åu 8.5% - 8.5% 8.7% 3.9% 12.6%

1 diM+k vkSj twrs% D;k Hkkjr U;wu n{krk fofuekZ.k ls mcj ldrk gS\ vkfFkZd leh{kk 2016&17] vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izSl 2017 i`"B 128] 1382 ogh3 ,ebZvkbZ,l tSls vU; izksRlkgu 'kkfey ugha gSaA

2 | vkfFkZd leh{kk 2017-18 [k.M 1

vkj,eth CySaMM dkWVu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj

9.5% - 9.5% 9.5% 3.0% 12.5%

vkj,eth Åu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj

8.5% - 8.5% 8.7% 3.1% 11.8%

vkj,eth vU; 7.5% - 7.5% 7.6% 2.8% 10.4%

lzksr% lhchbZlh] oL=k ea=kky;

MkVk ,oa VªhVesaV vkSj feyku lewgksa dh ifjHkk"kk

mi;qZDr fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, geus 118 fofHkUu mRiknksa ds fy, vizSy 2010 ls flrEcj] 2017 ds vfofPNUu ekfld fu;kZrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;s mRikn 17 fofHkUu fofuekZ.k {ks=kksa ds Hkkx gSaA fHkUu&fHkUu mRiknksa ds fu;kZr esa i;kZIr ekSleh;rk ifjorZu'khyrk gSA blfy, lHkh ijkorZuksa ds fy, geus fu"d"khZ; ifjorZu'khyrk ds :i esa ekSleh lek;ksftr ekfld fu;kZr ds y?kqx.kd dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA

gekjk fo'ys"k.k nks oSdfYid lewgksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA igys fu:i.k lewg esa dsoy ekuo fufeZr rUrqvksa ds cus rS;kj ifj/ku (vkj,eth) 'kkfey gSaA nwljs fu:i.k lewg esa diM+k iSdst eas 'kkfey 3 vU; rS;kj ifj/ku laca/h mRikn tSls fd vkj,eth dkWVu] vkj,eth flYd] vkj,eth&vU; vkrs gSaA

etcwrh iznku djus ds fy,] ge izR;sd fu:i.k lewg dh rqyuk 3 fHkUu rqyuk lewgksa ls djrs gSaA igyk rqyuk lewg mu lHkh vU; 114 mRiknksa ls cu;k x;k gS tks diM+k iSdst esa 'kkfey ugha FksA nwljs esa 15 Je iz/kurk okys mRikn4

(peM+k] e'khu VwYl] dkxt mRikn vkfn) 'kkfey gSa tcfd rhljs esa 26 vU; miHkksDrk oLrq,a (tSls fd midj.k] vkWVks vkSj bySDVªksfuDl vkfn 'kkfey gSa)

vuHkokfJr j.kuhfr

geus fMiQjsal bu fMiQjsal&bu fMiQjsal (MhMh) ,izksp ij vk/kfjr 5 fofHkUu ijkorZu fofunsZ'kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA lkekU; fofunsZ'k fuEe izdkj gS%

(1)

Where:

tcfd le; T ds nkSjku i mRikn ds fy, vkfJr pj gS (vFkkZr fofHkUu mRiknksa ds ekSle lek;ksftr mRiknksa dk y?kqx.kd)

izR;sd mRikn ds fy, Nne pj gS (mRikn fuf'pr izHkko)

izR;sd le;kof/ ds fy, Nne pj gS (ekg o"kZ fuf'pr izHkko)

fu:i.k fLFkfr gS tks 1 ds cjkcj gS ;fn mRikn i fu:i.k lewg (vkj,ulh) esa gS vkSj le;kof/ t fu:i.k vof/ (twu 2016 ds i'pkr dh) esa gS] vkSj O vU;FkkA

le;kof/ f ds nkSjku mRikn i ds fy, vU; fu;a=k.k (os ifjorZuh;rk,a tks LVsV gSa vkSj le; fHkUurk&tSlsfd foeqnzhdj.k ,oa th,lVh ds fy, fu;a=k.k) dk lapkyd gSA

=kqfV 'kCn5 gSA

4 nkl ,V,y Hkkjr ds laxfBr fofuekZ.k vkbZlhvkj vkbZ,iQvkj] 2009 esa JeO;kih m|ksxksa dh jkstxkj laHkkoukA5 fuEufyf[kr vksVks lglaca/ ds fy, geus lHkh =kqfV;ksa dks lekfgr fd;k gS] cVZjsaM vkSj MwÝyks (2003)


C;kt dk gekjk eq[; iSjkehVj gS ftlls fu:i.k ds izHkko dh eki dh tkrh gSA

lehdj.k (1) ds vfrfjDr] ge etcwrh iznku djus ds fy, tkap ds 4 vU; fofunsZ'kksa dks pykrs gSaA bl izdkj ls] vius fo'ys"k.k ds fy, ge izR;sd fu:i.k rqyuk tksM+ksa ds fy, fuEufyf[kr 5 fofunsZ'kksa dks pykrs gSa (uksV lhedj.k (1) dks uhps fofunsZ'k 4 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

1- dksbZ fu;r izHkko ;k fu;a=k.k ugha

2- mRikn&fu;r izHkko ,oa le;&fu;r izHkko

3- {ks=k x le;&fu;r izHkko

4- mRikn fu;r izHkko] le;&fu;r izHkko rFkk foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh ds lkFk ijLij izHkkfor vkSipkfjdrk (MhMh fof'kf"Vdj.k)

5- {ks=k x le;&fu;r izHkko] rFkk foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh ds lkFk ijLij izHkkfor vkSipkfjdrk

blds vfrfjDr] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd laO;ogkj ,oa vè;;u&xok{k esa ifjorZu djus ds fy, gekjs ifj.kke cgqr iq"V gSa] geus izfrxeu ds fy, vkjafHkd&rkjh[k ,oa lekfIr rkjh[k dks Hkh lek;ksftr fd;ks gSA lexz :i esa] ge yxHkx 2000 izfrxeu lapkfyr djrs gSaA bu lfEeJ.kksa dks lkj.kh d&2 esa laf{kIr :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA bu fof'k"Vrkvksa esa ls geus ;g ik;k gS fd fof'k"Vrk 4] tc uoacj 2015 ls vkjaHk gksrh gS_ loJs"B vftZr djrh gSA ;g fof'k"Vrk laO;ogkj vkSj rqyuk&lewgksa ds lfEeJ.kksa ds nkSjku fLFkj gS] rFkk mi;qDÙkk dh mPpre Js"Brk j[krh gS] vkSj ml vof/ ds nkSjku izkjaHk gksrh gS tc iwoZ&pyu] mRikn&js[kkfp=kksa ds nkSjku vf/d leku gSaA

lkj.kh d2% izfrxeu lfEeJ.k dk lkj

(A)

lfEeJ.kksa dh la[;k

(C)

rqyuk lewg

(D)

vkjaHk vof/

(E)

fof'k"Vrk,a

(F)

lekfIr vof/dqy izfrxeu

lfEeJ.kksa dh la[;k 2 3 4 5 16 1,920

fooj.k

• vkj,eth% ekuo-fufeZr

• vkj,eth% i z kd ` -fr js'k s (mu dks NksM+dj)

• lHkh xSj&vkj,eth fofuekZ.k fu;kZr

• Je&l?ku m|ksxks a ds fo-fuekZ.k&fu;kZr

• miHkk sDrk lkeku ds fo-fuekZ.k&fu;kZr

vizSy] 2010

tuojh] 2013

uoacj] 2015

ebZ] 2016

• dksbZ fu;a=k.k ugha

• mRikn ,oa le; ,iQbZ

• {ks=k≤ ,iQbZ

• mRikn ,oa le; ,iQbZ tksM+ mRikn vukSipkfjdjrk }kjk

foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh

• {ks=k≤ ,iQbZ tksM+ mRikn vukSipkfjdjrk }kjk foeqnzhdj.k

• 2016,e6

• 2016,e7

• 2016,e8

• 2016,e9

• 2016,e10

• 2016,e11

• 2016,e12

• 2017,e1

• 2017,e2

• 2017,e3

• 2017,e4

• 2017,e5

• 2017,e6

• 2017,e7

• 2017,e8

• 2017,e9

ifj.kke dk lkjka'k

vxys i`"B ij ekStwn rkfydk,a uoacj] 2015 vkSj flracj] 2017 ds eè; dh vof/ ds fy, lHkh rhu rqyuk lewgksa dh rqyuk fd, tkus ij jsMhesM xkjesaV~l (vkj,eth) vU; rFkk ekuofufeZr js'ks ls cus jsMhesM xkjesaV~l (vkj,eth) ds eq[; izfrxeu ifj.kkeksa dks lkj :i esa n'kkZrh gSaA


;s ifj.kke ;g n'kkZrs gSa fd lwrh] flYd vkSj vU; ds vkj,eth ij iSdst dk dksbZ izHkko ugha Fkk (lkj.kh d3)A ogha nwljh vksj] ekuofufeZr js'kksa }kjk cus vkj,eth ds fu;kZrksa ij iSdst dk egRoiw.kZ izHkko gS (lkj.kh d4)A fof'k"Vrk (1) ftldk dksbZ vfrfjDr fu;a=k.k ;k fu;r izHkko ugha gS] dk -122 dk laO;ogkjkRed izHkko gsA rFkkfi] tc ge mRikn vkSj le;&fu;r izHkkoksa dks 'kkfey djrs gSa] rks izHkko esa -127 ls -138 ds eè; gYdh lh o`f¼ gksrh gSA tc ge foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh ds fy, fu;a=k.k dks 'kkfey djrs gSa] rks izHkko esa iqu% -161 ls -171 ds chp o`f¼ gksrh gSA

;g ns[kus ds fy, fdl izdkj izHkko esa le; ds lkFk ifjorZu gksrk gS] ge izfrxeu dks fHkUu&fHkUu lekfIr rkjh[kksa ds lkFk lapkfyr djrs gSaA fp=k d2 n'kkZrk gS fd ekuofufeZr js'kksa ds vkj,eth ij iSdst dk izHkko /hjs&/hjs Øe c¼ :i ls c<+rk gSA bldk vk'k; gS fd DykWfFkax&iSdst us flracj 2017 rd ekuofufeZr js'kksa ds vkj,eth ds ekfld fu;kZr esa 16&17» dh o`f¼ dhA

fp=k d2 ,e,e,iQ&vkj,eth ij le; ds lkFk vuqekfur lap;h izHkko


lkj.kh d 3- jsfMesM diM+ksa ds fu;kZr ij Dyksfnax iSdst dk izHkko

izkÑfrd iQkbcj (uoEcj&2015 ls flrEcj&2017)

cuke & vU; fofuekZ.k cuke & miHkksDrk oLrq,a cuke & Je xgu oLrq,a

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Dyksfnax iSdst

-0.171 -0.156 -0.175 -0.128 -0.146 -0.171 -0.167 -0.397 -0.099 0.042 -0.171 -0.162 -0.081 -0.127 -0.077

(0.145) (0.148) (0.172) (0.149) (0.172) (0.149) (0.162) (0.466) (0.152) (0.202) (0.147) (0.151) (0.190) (0.152) (0.190)

mRikn ,iQbZ gka gka gka gka gka gka

le; ,iQbZ gka gka gka gka gka gka

lsDVj VkbZe ,iQbZ

gka gka gka gka gka gka

th,lVh ,oa Mseks fu;a=k.k


,M~t vkj LDokMZ

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 -0.01 0.03 0.00 -0.37 0.33 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.24 0.08

,u 2,691 2,691 2,691 2,415 2,415 414 414 414 391 391 667 667 667 644 644

lkj.kh d 4- jsfMesM diM+ksa ds fu;kZr ij Dyksfnax iSdst dk izHkko

ekuofufeZr iQkbcj (uoEcj&2015 ls flrEcj&2017)

cuke & vU; fofuekZ.k cuke & miHkksDrk oLrq,a cuke & Je xgu oLrq,a

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Dyksfnax iSdst

0.122 0.138 0.118 0.162 0.147 0.122 0.127 -0.104 0.171 0.335 0.122 0.131 0.212 0.161 0.216

(0.000)** (0.026)** (0.072) (0.036)** (0.070)* (0.000)** (0.055)* (0.445) (0.068)* (0.000)** (0.000)** (0.022)** (0.063)** (0.034)** (0.063)**

mRikn ,iQbZ gka gka gka gka gka gka

le; ,iQbZ gka gka gka gka gka gka

lsDVj VkbZe ,iQbZ


th,lVh ,oa Mseks fu;a=k.k


,M~t vkj LDokMZ

0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.04 -0.02 0.00 -0.02 -0.24 0.37 0.24 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.21 0.08

,u 2,645 2,645 2,645 2,369 2,369 368 368 368 345 345 621 621 621 598 598

* p<0.05; ** p<0.01; ekud =kqfV;ka dks"Vd esa nh xbZ gSaA

6 vkj,eth Åu dks NksM+dj tks fd Dyksfnax iSdst dk fgLlk ugh FkkA


vè;k; 2: eky ,oa lsok dj (th,lVh) ds ifjizs{; esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d uwru izcks/d ,oa laf{kIr foospu

vuqca/ I- ^^lajpuk** Ldhe ds fy, fdlus p;u fd;k\

u, th,lVh ra=k ds fuEu oxZ ds djnkrkvksa ds fy, vuqdwy cukus gsrq] ^dEikykbZl&ykbZV* lajpuk Ldhe 'kq: dh xbZ FkhA lajpuk Ldhe ds rgr m|eksa ds fu;fer :i ls dj fooj.kh nk;j djus okyksa ij ykxw gksus okyh ekfld dj fooj.kh dh ctk, frekgh :i ls dj fooj.kh nkf[ky djuh gS] muds dqy dkjksckj ij U;wu dj (1»] 2» ;k 5») vnk djuk gSA ijUrq os buiqV dj&ØsfMV ds ik=k ugha gSaA

th,lVh ‘kq: djus ls igys] ;g vuqeku yxk;k Fkk fd miHkksDrkvksa dks izR;{k :i ls fcØh djus okys NksVs Mhyj (ch 2 lh) lajpuk Ldhe dks ialn djsaxsA vk'kkuqlkj] bl Ldhe ds rgr yxHkx 1-6 fefy;u djnkvksa us iathdj.k djk;k FkkA vf/d pkaSdus okyh vkSj vthc ckr ;g Fkh fd bl Ldhe ds fy, ik=k vusd NksVs dkjksckfj;ksa us fiQj Hkh th,lVh ds v/hu fu;fer djnkrk cuuk ialn fd;kA foLr`r fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd bldk ,d dkj.k ;g gS fd NksVs dkjksckjh cM+s dkjksckfj;ksa ls vf/d eky [kjhnuk ilan djrs gSa rkfd os buiqV ØsfMV dk ykHk ys ldsaA

f}rh;r] lajpuk Ldhe dk pquko fd;k tkuk] th,lVh nj rFkk vafre pj.k esa of/Zr ewY; ds chp laca/ ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA

lkj.kh 1 esa fn;k x;k mnkgj.k bl ij eq[; :i ls izdk'k Mkyrk gSA iSuy d dkjksckj rFkk th,lVh njksa ds dqN lfEeJ.kksa dks lwphc¼ djrk gSA iSuy [k fu;fer nj ds fofHkUu lfEeJ.kksa dh dj ns;rkvksa rFkk lehdj.k&1 ds vk/kj ij of/Zr ewY; dh ek=kk dh x.kuk djrk gSA ,d ldkjkRed la[;k ;g n'kkZrh gS fd lajpuk Ldhe dh rqyuk esa fu;fer iQkbfyax dk pquko djuk vf/d ykHkizn gSA ;g lgtcks/ Li"V gS% dkjksckj esa of/Zr fd, x, ewY; dk vuqikr ftruk vf/d gS vkSj dj&nj esa vf/drk gS lajpuk Ldhe ds varxZr dj ns;rk,a mruh de gSaA pwafd vafre pj.k ij vf/dka'kr% xSj&fVdkÅ miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dh fuEurj djksa ,oa fuEurj ewY; o/Zu dh vkSj vkdf"kZr gksus dh izo`fÙk jgrh gS] blfy, mudk foØ; djus okys Mhyjksa }kjk fu;fer iQkbfyax dk pquko djus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA

[[kjhn + vafre pj.k ij of/Zr ewY;)· lajpuk nj] –[vafre pj.k ij of/Zr ewY;· fu;fer th,lVh nj]... ... ...(1)

lkj.kh 1- vafre pj.k ij dj njksa rFkk ewY; o/Zu ds chp vk/kjHkwr laca/

iSuy d

dsl&1 dsl&2 dsl&3 dsl&4

[kjhn (dj dks NksM+dj) (#i,) 10000 10000 10000 10000

th,lVh nj 6% 12% 18% 28%

th,lVh (#i,) 600 1200 1800 2800

lajpuk nj 1% 1% 1% 1%

iSuy [k

fu;fer dj nj

ewY;o/Zu dh izfr'krrk

([kjhn ij) 6% 12% 18% 28%

ewY;o/Zu dh izfr'krrk

([kjhn ij)

0% 100 100 100 100

1% 95 89 83 73

5% 75 45 15 -35

10% 50 -10 -70 -170

20% 0 -120 -240 -440


vuqca/&II vukSipkfjdrk&vuqekuksa dh O;k[;k

bl vuqca/ esa bl vè;k; ds Hkkx 7 esa vukSipkfjdrk ds vuqeku fudkyus esa iz;ksx dh xbZ fof/ dh O;k[;k dh xbZ gSA

,u,l,lvks us Hkkjr esa tqykbZ 2015 ls twu 2016 (73oka nkSj) ds chp vlaxfBr xSj&Ñf"k m|eksa (fuekZ.k dks NksM+dj) dk losZ{k.k fd;kA blds fy, fo'ks"krkSj ij iz'ukoyh iwNh xbZ fd D;k iQeZ dks oh,Vh] Hkfo"; fuf/ vkSj bZ,lvkbZlh ds lkFk iathÑr fd;k x;k gSA geus mu iQeks± dks NksM+ fn;k gS] ftUgksaus crk;k fd os muds varxZr iathÑr gSaA 'ks"k iQeks± dks vukSipkfjd ekuk tk,xkA bu xSj&oSV] xSj bih,iQvks vkSj xSj&b,lvkbZlh iQeks± esa ls] ge mu iQeks± dks Hkh NksM+ jgs gSa] ftudk VuZ&vksoj th,lVh dh izkjafHkd lhek ls vf/d gS] ;g vlaHkkO; ekurs gq, fd os th,lVh usV dk Hkkx ugha gksaxs] ge Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks Hkh NksM+rs gSaA ;g vkadM+k 574 yk[k iQeks± dk gksrk gSA ge bu vkadM+ksa dks nks o"kZ ds fy, v|ru djsaxs] ftudk le; 73osa nkSj ls iwjk gks x;k gks] ;g ekurs gq, fd iQeZ esa 3» ok£"kd o`f¼ gksxhA 2017&18 esa vukSipkfjd iQeks± dh la[;k yxHkx 609 curh gSA (bu x.kukvksa dk vk/kj nks dkj.kksa ls] vkfFkZd x.kuk dh ctk, 73oka nkSj gS% iwoZ dk VuZvksoj vkadM+k gS_ nwljk ,sls i'u djrk gS tks mudh igpku djus dh vuqefr nsrk gS tks dj vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk usV dk Hkkx gks ldrs gSaA)

73osa nkSj ls vfuxfer fuekZ.k dks NksM+k x;k gS] geus NBs vk£Fkd losZ{k.k tux.kuk (2012&13) ds vkadM+ksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, bl ,d {ks=k esa vukSipkfjd m|eksa dh la[;k dk vuqeku yxk;k gS] bldks 2017&18 m|e dh ok£"kd o`f¼ nj esa ,d izfr'kr tksM+dj v|ru dj jgs gSaA ,slh 10 yk[k iQeZ gksrh gSaA

geus mu deZpkfj;ksa dk vuqeku yxk;k tks 73osa nkSj ls th,lVh ;k bZih,iQvks dk Hkkx ugha gSA iQeZ dk fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds fy, th,lVh vkSj bZih,iQvks@b,lvkbZlh vkadM+ksa dk feyku djuk] lHkh ds fy, lkekU; ckr gS] vkSj os tks igyh Js.kh esa vkrs gSa ijUrq nwljh esa ughaA pwafd th,lVh vkadM+s iQeks± ds osru fpV~Bk dh la[;k iznku ugha djrs] vr% geus lkj.kh 7 esa ,d lsy dk vuqeku yxkuk iM+k] uker% iQeks± ds fy, osru fpV~Bk tks th,lVh esa gS ijUrq bZih,iQvks ;k bZ,lvkbZlh esa ugha gSA geus ;g ekurs gq, ,slk fd;k fd mu iQeks± ds VuZvksoj ds osru fpV~Bk dk vuqikr ogh gksxk tks m|e ds fy, Fkk vkSj tks th,lVh vkSj bZih,iQvks nksuksa esa FkkA ;g vLi"V vo/kj.kk gS fd pwafd os vkSipkfjd iQes± gSa (20 ls vf/d deZpkjh dk;Zjr gaS]) buesa vU; ,slh vkSipkfjd iQeks± dh fo'ks"krk,a gksuh pkfg,] ftuds laca/ esa gekjs ikl vkadM+s FksA

dqy xSj&Ñf"k dk;Z cy ds laca/ esa gekjk vuqeku o"kZ 2011&12 ds jkstxkj ,oa csjkstxkjh losZ{k.k ds 63osa nkSj ls fy, x, gSaA bl losZ{k.k esa jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd oxhZdj.k (,uvkbZlh) }kjk lwpuk ,d=k dh tkrh gSA bl lwpuk ds vk/kj ij o"kZ 2017&18 esa xSj&Ñf"k dk;Z cy yxHkx 24 djksM+ ls 25 djksM+ gksus dk vuqeku gSA

lp rks ;g gS fd gesas fo'ys"k.k ds laca/ esa dqN lko/kfu;ka Hkh cjruh gksaxhA gels dqN ,slh vkSipkfjd iQes± NwV ldrh gSa tks th,lVh vkSj@vFkok bZ,lvkbZlh@bZih,iQvks dk vuqikyu ugha dj jgh gSa] gkykafd gekjk ;g fo'okl gS fd ;g Js.kh NksVh gh gksxhA 73osa nkSj ds ckn ls dqN ,slh ?kVuk,a gqbZ gSa] tks laHkor% bl fo'ys"k.k esa 'kkfey ugha dh xbZ gkasxhA vkxs vkSj vuqla/ku djus ls ,sls vusd egRoiw.kZ iz'uksa ij vkSj izdk'k Mkyus esa enn feysxhA


ifjf'k"V 2% jkT; dksM dh lwph

dksM jkT; dk uke

ih vka/z izns'k

,vkjih v:.kkpy izns'k

,,l vklke

ch,p fcgkj

lhth NÙkhlx<+

MhbZ,y fnYyh

thvks xksok

thts xqtjkr

,pvkj gfj;k.kk

,pih fgekpy izns'k

ts ,.M ds tEew o d'ehj

ts,p >kj[k.M

ds, dukZVd

dsb dsjy

,eih eè; izns'k

,e,p egkjk"Vª

,e,u ef.kiqj

,eth es?kky;

,etsM fetksje

,uth uxkyS.M

vksMh vksfM'kk

ih;w,u iatkc

vkjts jktLFkku

,lds flfDde

Vh,u rfeyukMq

VhbZ rsyaxkkuk

Vhvkj f=kiqjk

;wih mÙkj izns'k

;wds mÙkjk[k.M

MCY;wch if'pe caxky


vè;k; 3% fuos'k vkSj cpr esa fxjkoV vkSj fLFkfr esa lq/kj% Hkkjr ds laca/ esa fofHkUu ns'kksa dk vuqHko

vuqca/ 1% izfrHkkt] le;kof/] MkVk lzksr

uewuk% vYthfj;k] vts±Vhuk] caxykns'k] cksfyfo;k] czkthy] dSe:u] fpyh] phu] dksyfEc;k] dksLVk jhdk] lkbizl] dksVUMs boksj] Mksfeuhd fjifCyd] bftIV] bZ,y lYokMksj] ?kkuk] xkSVsekyk] gksUMjl] Hkkjr] baMksusf'k;k] bZjku] btjkby] teSdk] tksjMu] dsU;k] fjifCyd vkWiQ dksfj;k] esMkxkLdj] ekys] eysf'k;k] eykoh] ekSfjll] eSfDldks] eksjDdks] ekst-kfEcd] fudkjkxqvk] ukbthfj;k] ikfdLrku] iukek] ijkxqvk;] is:] fiQfyihUl] lsusxy] lh;x fyvksu] flaxkiqj] nf{k.kh vizQhdk] Jhyadk] ratkfu;k] FkkbZySaM] rquhfl;k] fVªfunkn vkSj Vkscsxks] VdhZ] m:Xos] osustq,yk] ftEckcsA

le;kof/% 1970&2016 voeanu (LyksMkmu) dh ifjHkk"kk ds lapkyu ls o"kZ 1975 ,oa 2014 ds chp dh izHkkoh le;kof/ lhfer gksrh gSA

vpj% ldy ?kjsyw cpr vkSj ldy fu;r iwath fuekZ.k (ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds » ds :i esa) vkSj okLrfod izfrO;fDr thMhih (lrr 2010 vejhdh Mkyj)

MkVk lzksr% fo'o cSad fo'o fodkl ladsrd gSaA

vuqca/ II voeanu ?kVukvksa ds daVªh bZ;j (rsy fu;kZrdksa dks NksMdj)

3 vkSj 4 izfr'kr volhekvksa ds voeanu ds daVªh bZ;j dh la[;k (2200 daVªh bZ;j esa ls) uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gS%

lkj.kh , 1 voeanu ds daVªh bZ;j3 izfr'kr volhekcpr fuos'k lkekU;

1975-83 34 48 331984-97 75 89 39

1998-2007 24 63 192008-2014 59 38 8

dqy 192 238 99

4 izfr'kr volhekcpr fuos'k lkekU;

1975-83 23 42 271984-97 57 73 23

1998-2007 18 47 112008-2014 43 29 2

dqy 141 191 63

daVªh bZ;j% bl fo'ys"k.k esa iz;qDr MkVk yxHkx 2200 voyksduksa (55 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds fy, 40 o"kZ) vFkok 2200 daVªh bZ;j ls lacaf/r gSA cpr dh ctk, fuos'k dh vksj vf/d daVªh bZ;j ls lacaf/r voeanuksa dk 1975&2014 ds nkSjku irk pyk gSA ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd mPprj volhek esa fdlh fufnZ"V o"kZ ds nkSjku iwjh dh tkus okyh ,d dBksjrj 'krZ fufgr gksrh gS ftls ,d voeanu o"kZ ds :i esa ekuk tk,] volhek ftruh mPprj gksxh voeanu dh lhek mruh gh de gksxhA

voeanu dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k,a lkj.kh , 2 esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSaA

lkj.kh , 2% voeanu ?kVukvksa dk lkjka'k

fuos'k cpr lkekU;

2» volhek 69 35 40

3» volhek 58 36 27

4» volhek 49 28 19


vuqcU/ 3

lkj.kh% , 3 fuos'k vkSj cpr voeanu ?kVukvksa dk igyk o"kZ (rsy fu;kZrdksa dks NksM+dj)

2» volhek 3» volhek 4» volhekfuos'k voeanu cpr voeanu fuos'k voeanu cpr voeanu fuos'k voeanu cpr voeanu

vts±Vhuk 1979 1988 1999 1979 1989 2007 1979 1988 2000 1979 1990 2008 1979 2000 1979 1990 2011

caxykns'k

cksfyfo;k 1980 2000 1984 2013 1980 2001 1984 2013 1981 2001 1985

czkthy 1982 1990 1990 2013 1982 1990 1993 1983 1994

dSe:u 1980 1988 1986 2007 1980 1989 1986 2007 1980 1990 1987 1991 2008

fpyh 1998 1996 2008 1998 1997 2010 1999 2011

phu 1988 1997 1988 1998

dksyfEc;k 1997 1980 1991 1998 1991 1998 1995

dksLVk jhdk 1981 1983 1982 1983 1982 1983

dksVUMs boksj 1981 1978 1986 1981 1978 1986 1981 1979 1986

lkbizl 1982 1998 2009 1990 2006 1982 2010 1990 2006 1983 2010 2007

Mksfeuhd fjifCyd 1982 1990 2002 1983 1990 2002 1984 1990 1984

bftIV] vjc fjifCyd 1984 1990 2002 2010 1995 2009 1990 2011 1990 2011

bZ,y lYokMksj 1979 2008 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979

?kkuk 2006 2006

xkSVsekyk 1980 2008 1979 1981 2008 1979 1981

gksUMjl 1981 2000 2009 1980 1997 1981 2009 1981 1998 1981 2009 1981 1998

Hkkjr 2012 2010 2013 2011

baMksusf'k;k 1997 1993 1997 1993 1998 1993

btjkby 1975 1983 1998 1975 1984 2000 1975

teSdk 1975 2007 1975 1980 1993 1975 2007 1975 1994 1975 2008 1975

tksjMu 1982 1996 2009 1982 1996 1982 1997

dsU;k 1979 1991 1996 1978 1994 1978 1994 1995

fjifCyd vkWiQ dksfj;k 1996 1999 1997 2000 1997

esMkxkLdj 2009 2009 2009

eykoh 1979 1995 2010 1978 1980 1995 2010 1979 1980 1995 2010 1979

eysf'k;k 1984 1997 1980 2001 2008 1984 1997 1980 2008 1985 1997 2009

ekyh 1998 2010 1998 2011 1998

ekSfjll 1981 1995 2000 2012 2003 1981 1995 2012 2003 1981 2013 2004

eSfDldks 1982 1985 1982 1988 1983 1991

eksjDdks 1984 1994 2013 1992 2009 1984 1993 2011 1985

ekstkfEcd 1991 2003 1991 2003 2004

fudkjkxqvk 1977 1978 1977 1978 1977 1978

ikfdLrku 1997 2009 2005 2010 2005

iukek 1976 1982 2000 1975 1983 2000 1977 1983 2000 1975 1983 2000 1983 1986 2000 1975 1983 2000

ijkxqvk; 1997 2006 1998 2006 1998 2006

is: 1983 1999 1983 2012 1983 1989 1999 1984 2013 1983 2000 1984

fiQfyihUl 1983 1980 1991 1983 1981 1984 1982

lsusxy 1985

lh;jk fyvksu 2012 1990 2013 2013

flaxkiqj 1985 1999 1985 1999 1985 1999 1985 1999 1985 2000 1999

nf{k.kh vizQhdk 1983 1990 1981 1988 1984 1991 1981 1989 1984 1981 1990

Jhyadk 1984 2001 1984 2001 1984 2001

ratkfu;k 1995 1995 1995

FkkbZySaM 1996 1998 1996 1998 1996 1999

rquhfl;k 1984 1995 2003 2013 2010 1985 2010 1985 2010

VdhZ 1998 1998

m:Eos 1981 1992 1982 1982

ftEckcs 1976 1996 1989 1999 1976 1996 2000 1977 1997 2000


vuqca/ IV. i'p xeu izHkko%

lkj.kh% , 4 i'p xeu izHkko% fuos'k] cpr eanh vkSj okLrfod izfr O;fDr fodkl

3» volhek lkekU; ?kVuk Øeksa ds fcuk 3» volhek

4» volhek lkekU; ?kVuk Øeksa ds fcuk 4» volhek

fuos'k 0.5131***(0.1863)

0.2705(0.1750)

0.7649***(0.2027)

0.5705***(0.1917)

cpr -0.1057(0.2185)

-0.1076(0.2387)

0.2210(0.2596)

0.1936(0.2838)

fVIi.kh% *p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01. dks"Vd esa ekud =kqfV;ka

vuqca/% V. voeanu ls olwfy;ka

lkj.kh , 5 fofHkUu eanh izHkkoksa ds laca/ esa o"kZ ds var esa 5 ls 7 o"kks± dh fuos'k@cpr vkSj okLrfod izfr O;fDr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn izxfr laca/h vUrj dks n'kkZrh gSA

lkj.kh% , 5 eanh ds i'pkr vYikof/ fuos'k vkSj cpr laca/h O;ogkj (izfr'krrk fcUnq] vkSlr vk/kj ds mij)

3» volhekfuos'k eanh dk lap;h

ifjek.kvkSlr fVªxj nj (thMhih dk %)

5&7 o"kZ ds i'pkr~ vkSlr nj

varj

50 to < 70 36 -15.130 to < 50 26 -6.010 to < 30 22 -2.5Up to 10 20 -0.6vkSlr 26 -6.0

4» volhekcpr eanh dk lap;h

ifjek.kvkSlr fVªxj nj (thMhih dk %)

5&7 o"kZ ds i'pkr~ vkSlr nj

varj

50 to <70 -- --30 to < 50 26 -8.110 to < 30 23 -5.7Up to 10 22 -2.0vkSlr 24 -5.3

uhps lkj.kh , 6 vU; vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa 35-5 izfr'kr dh pje nj ij igwpus ds ckn fuos'k dh fLFkfr dks n'kkZrh gSA

lkj.kh , 6 vU; vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa 35-5 izfr'kr ds pje ls olwfy;ka

ekunaM leku ?kVukØeksa dh la[;k 9 o"kZ ds ckn fuos'k nj esa ifjorZu

9 o"kZ ds ckn o`f¼ esa ifjorZu

35.5% dh mPpre nj 18 -8.7 -3.3


vè;k; 4 % jktdks"kh; la?kokn vkSj tokcnsgh feyku% D;k dksbZ U;wu larqyu ik'k Hkh gS\

layXud I % fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa ,y,lth ds ch fuf/;ksa ds mèokZ/j vkSj {kSfrt laforj.k ds fy, ,l,iQlh }kjk vuqlaf'kr lw=k

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

Kerala Odisha Rajasthan Bihar Tamil Nadu Sikkim Assam

Share of RLBs & ULB in devolved funds (in per cent)

RLB ULB

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0


Distribution between District, Block & Gram Panchayat (in per cent)

Gram Panchayat Taluk Panchayat District Panchayat

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0


Distribution among District Panchayats (weights of criteria in per cent)

Population AreaDeprivation index/Measure of need SC/ST populationOther Fixed awardRevenue effort

Source: SFC Reports and Action-Taken Reports on SFC Reports.


layXud II % vkj,yth D;k gS\

d- xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa (iapk;r) ds ckjs esa dqN ewy rF;

Hkkjr esa vkSlr iapk;r yxHkx 3500 O;fDr;ksa dh lsok djrh gSaA ;|fi vis{kkd`r cM+s jkT;ksa esa ns'k dh iapk;rksa dk LokHkkfod :i ls fo'kkyre fgLlk gS fiQj Hkh] vis{kkd`r NksVs jkT;ksa tSls fd dsjy if'pe caxky esa iapk;rsa cM+h la[;k esa (yxHkx 19000) O;fDr;ksa dh lsok djrh gSaA (fp=k uhps ns[ksa)

fp=k d 1% Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa (xzke iapk;r) dk ykHkkFkhZ vk/kj

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

Avg. population per GP

lzksr% iapk;rh jkt ,oa losZ{k.k ifjdyu

fp=k d 2% xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa (vkj,yth) ds izfr O;fDr lalk/u vkSj O;; (#i;s)

21 24 24 49

260

90

398

35 37 2259

484

277

820

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Per capita directtaxes

Per capita owntax

Per capita ownnon-tax

Per capita ownresources

Per capita SFCdevolution

Per capita FFCdevolution

Per capita TE

2010-12 2014-16

lzksr% xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds fy,] leh{kk ifjdyu vka/z izns'k] dukZVd] dsjy vkSj mÙkj izns'k ls fy, x, MkVk ij vk/kfjr gSa

fVIi.kh% dqy izkfIr;ksa dks dqy O;; ds leku ekuk tkrk gS


2- xzkeh.k LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dh jktLo l`tu {kerk dk C;kSjk

;|fi fp=k d 2 lkekU; fp=k n'kkZrh gS] fiQj Hkh lexz jkT;ksa esa vius Lo;a ds jktLo l`tu dh ek=kk vyx vyx gS (fp=k d 3)A eq[; rkSj ij nks miyfC/;ka gSa%

i. fp=k 4 esa fn, x, lkekU; iSVuZ ds varxZr] nks Js.kh ds jkT; gSa vFkkZr~ dsjy] v#.kkpy izns'k ,oa dukZVd tks dqN izR;{k djksa vkSj Lo;a ds dj jktLo dk laxzg djrs gSa vkSj blds foijhr mÙkj izns'k ,oa jktLFkku tSls jkT; iwjh rjg ls varj.kksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSa_ vkSj

ii. fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd lkisf{kd :i ls vius Lo;a dk jktLo tqVkus esa vPNk dk;Z fu"iknu djus okys jkT;ksa dh ;ksX;rk Hkh {kh.k gks jgh gSA vkU/z izns'k vkSj dukZVd }kjk ,df=kr izR;{k djksa vkSj Lo;a dj jktLo ds fgLls ('ks;j) esa 2014&16 ds nkSjku deh vkbZ gSA ;g vk'p;Ztud ugha gSA vr% bl vof/ esa vUrfjr fuf/;ksa ds laca/ esa fuHkZjrk esa bu jkT;ksa esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

fp=k d 3% vkj,yth% p;fur jkT;ksa esa izR;{k dj] Lo;a dk jktLo vkSj varj.k (»)

6.3

12.0

5.2

0.3

Kerala Andhra Karnataka UP

Direct tax revenue as % of total revenue 2014-2016

8.5

18.0

8.6

2.9


Own revenue as % of total revenue 2014-2016

83.9

13.9

60.953.0


SFC devolution as % of total revenue 2014-2016

7.7

68.1

30.5

44.1

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0


FFC devolution as % of total revenue 2014-2016

lzksr% leh{kk ifjdyu jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ lwpukvksa ij vk/kfjr gSA

;w,yth% izeq[k jkT;ksa esa ;w,yth }kjk ,d=k fd, x, Lo;a ds dj jktLo dk 'ks;j yxHkx 50 izfr'kr gS izrhr gksrk gS egkjk"Vª] iatkc] rsyaxkuk] tSls jkT; dsjy vkSj rfeyukMq tSls jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa ;w,yth foÙk ds laca/ esa csgrj dk;Z dj jgs gSaA


fp=k d 4% ;w,yth dh jktdks"kh; fLFkfr

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Per-capita resources of ULGs (Rs.)

Per capita Own Revenue: ULBs (Rs.) Per capita Total Income: ULBs (Rs.)

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

Own revenue as per cent of total revenue

lzksr% leh{kk x.kuk,a ,uqvy losZ vkWiQ bafM;u flVh flLVe~l tukxzg }kjk izLrqr fd, x, vkadM+ksa ij vk/kfjr gSA

[k% iapk;r foÙk ds fo"k; esa ge D;k tkurs gSa\

vkj,yth ds lexz jktdks"kh; fu"iknu dks le>us esa eq[;r% nks ck/k,a ns[kus esa vk;h gaSA igyh ck/k rks MkVk dh i;kZIrrk dh leL;k gSA blls Hkh vf/d cM+h leL;k vkj,yth dks izdk;kZRed vkcaVu laca/h Li"Vrk dk vHkko gSA 73osa lafo/ku la'kks/u rFkk jkT; iapk;rjkt vf/fu;eksa esa vkj,yth dh izdk;kZRed Hkwfedk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] rFkkfi okLro esa bu Hkwfedkvksa dk izHkkoh <ax ls varj.k ugha fd;k x;k vkSj blds lkFk vkj,yth ds mi&oSdfYid dj iz;kl ds lkFk tksM+k x;k vFkkZr~ jkT; vkSj la?k ljdkj ds ikl vkj,yth O;; ds laca/ esa i;kZIr ,dkf/dkj gSA la?k] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; iz'kklu vkSj O;; laca/h fofHkUu pSuyksa ds chp izdk;kZRed Hkwfedkvksa dk ifj.kkeh izfrPNknu gksus ls vkj,yth dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dh lVhd fu/kZj.k djuk yxHkx vlaHko gks x;k gSA

MkVk i;kZIrrk% viw.kZ] vi;kZIr vkSj vlVhd MkVk

jk"Vªh; MkVk csl dks fu;fer vk/kj ij viMsV ugha fd;k tkuk% vkj,yth foÙk;u ds laca/ esa dksbZ O;kid vkSj jk"Vªh; MkVk csl miyC/ ugha gSA lh,iQlh vkSj ,l,iQlh }kjk iz;qDr fd, tkus okys MkVk dk lzksr eq[; :i ls jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk laxzfgr vkSj iznÙk gksrk gSA ,d ds ckn ,d foÙk vk;ksxksa us uksV fd;k gS fd ;g MkVk viw.kZ] vlaxr gS vkSj t:jr iM+us ij fdlh dke ugha vkrkA mnkgj.k ds fy, rsjgosa lh,iQlh }kjk o"kZ 2002&03 ls 2007&08 ds fy, vius jktLo laca/h viuk MkVk laxzfgr fd;k x;k Fkk ijUrq bls os vius fo'ys"k.k esa iz;qDr ugha dj ik,A 14osa ;w,iQlh us 11923 thih ds ;kn`fPNd lSEiy ls MkVk Hkstus dk vuqjks/ fd;k FkkA jkT;ksa us dsoy 9085 thih ls lacaf/r MkVk miyC/ djk;k buesa ls dsoy 6020 thih ds ckjs esa gh iw.kZ C;kSjk FkkA bl MkVk esa bl rF; ds ckotwn vUrj ik;k x;k fd Hkkjr ds fu;a=kd egkys[kk ijh{kd us vkj,yth Lrjh; foÙkh; MkVk dks laxzfgr djus ds fy, jkT;ksa dks fofgr iQkesZV miyC/ djk;k x;k gSA cgqr ls jkT;ksa us muds bl lq>ko dk vuqikyu ugha fd;kA

;w,iQlh vkSj ,l,iQlh dh fliQkfj'kksa ds chp dksbZ le; laxfr ugha gS ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i ,d gh vof/ ds fy, dbZ&dbZ ckj MkVk laxzfgr gks tkrk gS (vkSj vDlj vkil esa esy ugha [kkrk)A ;g u dsoy fu"izHkkoh jgrk gS cfYd bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd vkj,yth foÙkh; Lrjh; MkVk dh dksbZ lrr~ le; Jà[kyk ugha gSA

jkT; ctVksa esa iapk;rksa dks fuf/ varj.k ds fy, dksbZ lqfuf'pr izko/ku ugha gS% vkj,yth dks fuf/ varj.k djus laca/h MkVk jkT; ctV nLrkostksa ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA vf/dka'k jkT; ctVksa esa vkj,yth dks fd, tkus okys varj.kksa dks ,d eq'r ds :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fdUrq blesa vf/dka'kr% vkj,yth lacaf/r os lHkh varj.k 'kkfey gS ftudh ys[kkadu iz.kkyh ikjn'khZ ugha gksrh] ftlls fuf/ varj.k dh ek=kk dk irk yxkuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA O;; ds oLrq 'kh"kks± ls lacaf/r C;kSjk miyC/ ugha gSA ;gka rd fd jkT; Lrjh; iapk;rh jkt foHkkx vkj,yth ds izdk;Zokj


O;; laca/h MkVk ,d=k ugha djrs ftlls O;; dk fu/kZj.k djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA dsoy dqN jkT;ksa tSls fd dukZ-Vd] dsjy] egkjk"V vkSj xqtjkr us gh vkj,yth ds izR;sd Lrj ij varfjr dh xbZ fofo/ jkf'k;ksa ds fy, fof'k"V ctVh; izko/ku djus dh O;oLFkk dh gSA

fof'k"V ctVh; izko/kuksa ds vHkko esa iapk;r Lrj ij fof'k"V O;; laca/h MkVk laxzg.k djus ds fy, dsoy ,d gh iz.kkyh cprh gS vkSj og gS laca¼ foHkkxksa ds ekè;e ls ,slk dk;Z fd;k tkukA gkykafd] bl ckjs esa LFkku vk/kfjr thih dsafUnzr O;; laca/h vkadM+ksa dks ladfyr ugha fd;k tkrkA lkFk&gh&lkFk] thih [kkrksa ds ekè;e ls (budh vcn~/ fuf/;ksa ls) [kpZ dh xbZ fuf/;ksa vkSj jkT; foHkkxh; O;; laLFkkvksa }kjk [kpZ dh xbZ fuf/;ksa ds chp dksbZ foHksn ugha fd;k tkrk ftlls ;g fuf'pr djuk dfBu gks tkrk gS fd iapk;rksa us viuh vcn~/ fuf/;ksa dks dSls [kpZ fd;k gSA

,y,lth esa vfHkys[kksa ds j[kj[kko dh xq.koÙkk%

thih Lrj ij vfHkfyf[kr MkVk vdlj jkT; Lrjh; vkWuykbu MkVk&csl ls esy ugha [kkrkA mnkgj.k ds fy,] dukZVd esa uhfr vuqla/ku vè;;u dsaUnz dh ,d tokcnsgh laca/h igy us vius vè;;u esa ik;k fd xzkeh.k fodkl ,oa iapk;r jkt foHkkx ds vkWuykbu flLVe ij j[ks x, ys[kk dk thih MkVk ds lkFk esy ugha gks ik;kA deZpkfj;ksa ls lacaf/r vojks/ksa ds dkj.k bl leL;k esa vkSj c<+ksrjh gh gksrh gSA bl vè;;u ls ;g Hkh irk pyk fd cgqr lss thih vf/dkfj;ksa ds LFkkukarj.k ds dkj.k foxr o"kks± ds jftLVjksa dk irk ugha yx ldkA

lgorhZ dkjd&viw.kZ varj.k

xfrfof/ laca/h Li"V :ijs[kk dk vHkko% izHkkoh varj.k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] jkT; ljdkjksa dks vius izdk;ksa dks O;kid :i iznku djrs gq, bUgsa xfrfof/;ksa esa :ikarfjr djus rFkk bUgsa ljdkj ds leqfpr Lrj dks varfjr djus dh vko';drk gSA dukZVd vkSj dsjy tSls dqNsd jkT;ksa ds flok;] fdlh Hkh jkT; }kjk ,slh xfrfof/ dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djus esa xaHkhjrk ugha fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] cgqr ls jkT; varj.k dks ^^fo"k;ksa** ;k ^^foHkkxksa** dh 'kCnkoyh esa fjiksVZ djrs gSa vkSj laxr ctVksa dks ,y,lth dks ^^varfjr** :i esa eku ysrs gSaA gkykafd O;kogkfjd rkSj ij] ,slh vusd xfrfof/;ka vkSj laca¼ ctV 'kh"kZ gSa tks jkT; foHkkx ds ikl gh jgrs gSaA izdk;ks± esa ifj.kkeh lgofrZrk rFkk O;; /kkjkvksa dh vusdrk ls ,y,lth O;; dk izkDdyu djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA

laxeu ls ,d nwljh leL;k isSnk gks tkrh gSA vkj,yth dks varfjr izdk;ksZ vkSj lalk/u t:jrksa laca/h laxr O;; mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk fu/kZj.k djus ds fy, ,l,iQlh ds ikl dksbZ y{; iz.kkyh ugha gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ,y,lth ds izHkkoh vkdyu djus ds fy, lalk/u vUrj dh fofo/ vkSj rnFkZ ifjHkk"kk,a cMs+ Lrj ij vaxhd`r djrs gSa ftlls ,y,lth dks vUrj.k djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA blds vykok jkT;ksa ds chp fdlh Hkh izdkj dh rqyuk djuk vlaHko gks tkrk gSA

fuEufyf[kr dk;ks± ls LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks lwpuk ds vk/kj vkSj izokg esa lq/kj ykus vkSj eq[;/kjk esa ykus esa lqfo/k gksxh%&

• jkT; ctV esa LFkkuh; 'kkluksa ds fy, LFkku cukuk% jkT; ljdkjksa dks vius ctV nLrkostksa esa ,y,lth ds lHkh Lrjksa ds fy, vUrj.k ds foLr`r oxhZdj.k lfgr eq[; 'kh"kZ ls oLrq 'kh"kZ lfgr iw.kZ O;oLFkk djuh pkfg,A bldh fliQkfj'k 13osa foÙk vk;ksx us dh FkhA

• lHkh O;;ksa ds fy, LFkkuh; tkudkjh dk fooj.k% izR;sd cLrh ds fy, ,d ;wfud dksM dk l`tu fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd thih Lrjh; O;;ksa ds LFkkuh; fooj.k dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsA blls okLrfod le; esa fdlh fof'k"V cLrh ds Hkhrj lHkh dk O;; laca/h MkVk dk Lor% lesdu djuk laHko gks ldsxkA

• ,l,iQlh vkSj lh,iQlh ds chp ledkfyd rkyesy% fiNys pkj lh,iQlh fliQkfj'k dj pqds gSa fd ,l,iQlh dh fu;qfDr le; ij dh tkuh pkfg, vkSj ,l,iQlh dh vof/ vkSj lh,iQlh dh vof/ ds chp esa rkyesy gksuk pkfg,A


• ekudhd`r ys[kkadu izk:i vkSj ekun.M% fu;a=kd ,oa egkys[kkijh{kd }kjk ;Fkk fofgr laxfer MkVk dks izkIr djus rFkk mldk vuqj{k.k djus ds fy, ys[kkadu izk:iksa vkSj ekun.Mksa dk vuqj{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ys[kkijh{kk dh laof/Zr fu;ferrk ls ys[kkadu vuq'kklu dks cuk, j[kus esa lgk;rk feysxhA

• ,yth MkVk ds fy, uksMy dk;kZy; ds :i esa jkT; Lrj ij ,d LFkk;h ,l,iQlh lsy dh LFkkiuk% izR;sd jkT; esa ,d LFkk;h ,l,iQlh lsy ls cgqr yacs le; rd fu;fer vkSj fo'oluh; MkVk laxzg.k lqfuf'pr gks ldsxkA

x- xzke iapk;rksa esa ekuo lalk/u

xzke iapk;rsa lkoZtfud LoPNrk] is;ty] ;krk;kr lEidZ] LVªhV ykbfVax] vU; lkoZtfud ifjlEifÙk;ksa ,oa tulqfo/kkvksa dk fuekZ.k ,oa j[kj[kko rFkk dk;ZØeksa dh ekWuhVfjax rFkk i;Zos{k.k ls lacaf/r dk;Z djrh gSaA pkSngosa foÙk vk;ksx ds v/hu fuf/;ksa dk vkcaVu c<+k fn;k x;k gS ftlls muds Åij egRoiw.kZ ftEesnkfj;ka vk xbZ gSa vkSj mi;qZDr dk;ks± ds fy, mUgsa cM+h la[;k esa ekuo lalk/uksa dh t:jr iM+rh gSA uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh xzke iapk;rksa ds izfrfuf/Ro vk/kj dks n'kkZrk gS tgka ,d fuokZfpr izfrfuf/ yxHkx ikap lkS yksxksa dk izfrfuf/Ro djrk gSA ;g jktuhfrd fodsUnzhdj.k dh 'kfDr dks Hkh bafxr djrk gSA gkykafd] ;g dk;Z] dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj dk;kZUo;u {kerkvksa ds i;kZIr fodsUnzhdj.k esa ifjofrZr ugha gks ik;kA mÙkj izns'k esa yxHkx 10 iapk;rksa&;|fi tula[;k ds ekeys esa bu iapk;rksa dk dojst NksVk Fkk&dk izca/u ,d dk;Zdkjh izeq[k ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA nks ;k rhu jkT;ksa ds vykok vf/dka'k jkT; dk;ZdrkZvksa dh deh ls tw> jgs gSaA

izfr xzke iapk;r ekuo lalk/u izfr xzke iapk;r tula[;k lnL; iapk;r lfpo xzsM IV ds vykok vU; LVkiQ

dsjy 17.0 1.00 13.5 18567

mÙkjizns'k 12.6 0.11 0.6 2629

jktLFkku 10.9 0.63 0.8 5205

vka/zizns'k 11.0 0.48 0.2 4362

dukZVd 16.1 1.56 1.5 6220

fcgkj 13.7 0.44 NA 11005mi;qZDr dk vkSlr 12.6 0.3 0.8 4556

lzksr% lacaf/r jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk izLrqr vkadM+ksa vkSj leh{kk ifjdyu ij vk/kfjr

,u,=miyC/ ugha

xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; ds v/hu xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØeksa esa csgrj ifj.kke ds fy, fu"iknu vk/kfjr Hkqxrku ls lacaf/r lfefr us viuh uohure fjiksVZ esa iapk;rkas esa LVkiQ dh deh dks mtkxj fd;k gSA izeq[k inksa ij fjfDr;k¡ vf/d gSa vkSj mDr inksa ds laca/ esa HkrhZ dk ekè;e fHkUu&fHkUu gSA iQyLo:i xzke iapk;rksa ds dk;ksZa ds fy, Bsd dss LVkiQ ij fuHkZjrk c<+rh tk jgh gSA vf/dka'k jkT;ksa ds vkj,yth esa ifjHkkf"kr ekuo lalk/u uhfr dk vHkko gS_ iQyr% rnFkZ inksa ij HkfrZ;k¡ dh tk jgh gSaA fjiksVZ esa vkuqikfrd ekuo lalkèku dks lqn`<+ fd, fcuk bathfu;fjax] vdkmafVax vkSj MkVk ,aVªh ds {ks=k esa c<+rs dk;Z Hkkj dks Hkh bafxr fd;k gSA

layXud 3% Hkwfe dj laHkkO;rk

jkT; ljdkj }kjk Hkwfe dj ds laxzg.k dk vkdyu pkj Ms+Vk lzksrksa ls izkIr tkudkjh ds la;kstu }kjk fd;k tkrk gS%

(d) jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; dh ^^Hkkjr esa fdlkuksa ds vk;] O;;] mRiknd] ifjlEifr;k¡ vkSj ½.kxzLrrk ij fjiksVZ** tksfd tuojh&fnlEcj 2013 ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ (lSEiy) losZ{k.k dk;kZy; ds 70osa nkSj dh cSBd vkSj rnuq:i ;wfuV ysoy MsVk ij vk/kfjr gSA


([k) dsjy ljdkj }kjk dsjy ds lkr ls vf/d ftyksa esa iQSys 700 ls vf/d xk¡oksa dh fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfe dk mfpr ewY; vkWuykbu lzksrksa ls fu/kZfjr djukA

(x) dsjy esa fofHkUu izdkj dh d`f"k Hkwfe ds fy, 180 ls vf/d foØ; ewY; ds dksVs'ku fj;y ,LVsV osc+lkbVksa ls izkIr fd, x, gaSA blh izdkj rfeyukMq esa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls 100 ls vf/d mDr dksVs'ku izkIr fd, x, gSaA

(?k) vkjchvkbZ ds izdk'ku ^^jkT; foÙkh; lk/u% ctV dk vè;;u** ls izkIr tkudkjh ds vuqlkj jkT; ljdkjksa ds Hkwfe jktLo dk laxzg.kA

Hkwfe ds ewy ewY; dk vkdyu % jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; ds 70osa nkSj ls [ksrh&ckM+h vkSj i'kqikyu ls gksus okyh 'kq¼ vk; ij lwpuk izkIr gqbZA d`f"k {ks=k ls lacaf/r ;g lwpuk d`f"k tux.kuk 2010&11 dh lwpuk dk iz;ksx djrs gq, igyh ckj oSyhVsqg dh xbZA o"kZ 2012 (tqykbZ&fnlacj) ds fy, vk; dks c<+kdj o"kZ 2015&16 esa gksus okyh vk; ds cjkcj fd;k x;k gS vkSj blds fy, eè;orhZ o"kks± ds nkSjku d`f"k ,oa i'kqikyu dk;ks± ds varxZr ldy ewY; of/Zr fodkl dks mi;ksx es yk;k x;k gSA fiQj] ml vk;&iwathdj.k ekWMy dk mi;ksx djds] ftlds varxZr Hkwfe ds ewY; dks iw.kZr% Hkkoh vk; izokgksa ij vk/kfjr ekuk tkrk gS rFkk Hkwfe ds orZeku ewY; dks Hkwfe ls gksus okyh Hkkoh vk; ds dkVkd`r izokg dks tksM+ dj izfr gsDVs;j Hkwfe ls gksus okyh d`f"kxr vk; dk iwathdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA

fp=k d 5% laHkkO;rk ds lkis{k laHkkO;rk ds izfr'kr ds :i esa Hkw&jktLo laxzg.k% 2015&16 jk"Vªh; Hkwfe ewY;ksa ds vk/kj ij

18.8

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

lzksr% leh{kk x.kuk

oS/dj.k% dsjy ljdkj dk iathdj.k foHkkx] ljdkj }kjk fu/kZfjr] Hkwfe ds mfpr ewY;ksa ds laca/ esa lwpuk dk viuh osclkbV http://igr.kerala.gov.in ij izpkj djrk gSA ;s mfpr ewY; ftu dk fu/kZj.k o"kZ 2010 esa ,d fodsanzhd`r i¼fr ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;k vkSj dqN ekeyksa esa] ckn esa buesa la'kks/u Hkh fd, x,] fofHkUu Hkw&Jsf.k;ksa ds fy, dqN ^vk/kj&ewY;* fufnZ"V djrs gSaA dsjy ds lkr ftyksa (dksYye] iVuerhrk] dksV~V;e] f=kpwj] iyDdM] eyIiqje vkSj dksf>dksM) esa] ckxokuh Hkwfe] vkoklh; Hkw[kaM vkSj ue Hkwfe] uked rhu laxr Jsf.k;ksa ds mfpr ewY;ksa ds yxHkx 2000 izs{k.kkas dh tkap ls irk pyrk gS fd vkSlr mfpr ewY;] vk; iawthdj.k ekWMy ds vkèkkj ij iz-kDdfyr ewY; dk fudVrk ds lkFk vuqlj.k djrs gSa (dsjy ds laca/ esa 21 yk[k #- izfr ,dM+] tksfd bu jkT;ksa ds chp loksZPp gS vkSj vf[ky Hkkjrh; vkSlr dk rdjhcu nksxquk gS_ tcfd bldh rqyuk esa jktLFkku esa ;g U;wure ;kuh 5-0 yk[k #i, izfr ,dM+ gS)A

Hkwfe ds cktkj ewY; dh VªSfdax% vkerkSj ij ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd Hkwfe dk cktkj ewY; vk;&iawthdj.k ekWMy ls


O;qRiUu ewY; ls cgqr vf/d gSA blfy,] vkWuykbu jh;y LVsV izkbl dksVs'kuksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Hkwfe ds cktkj ewY; dk Hkh irk yxk;k tkrk gSA fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa dh Hkwfe] tSlsfd dkWiQh vkSj fepZ ds ckxku] ukfj;y mxkus ds fy, iz;qDr Hkwfe] /ku ,oa jcj rFkk vU; lkekU; iQlyksa dh [ksrh ds fy, iz;qDr Hkwfe ds i`Fkd&i`Fkd fu/kZfjr ekax ewY;ksa laca/h tkudkjh Hkh tqVkbZ xbZ gSA o"kZ 2013 esa dsjy ljdkj ds d`f"k foHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr ^îQSDV~l ,aM fiQxlZ ,ckmV ,xzhdYpj bu dsjy** ls O;qRiUu] dsjy esa fofHkUu iQlyksa ds laca/ esa {ks=kokj Hkkjkadksa ds vk/kj ij bu dherksa dk vkSlr fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA bl vkSlr ekax ewY; esa] bl rF; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, fd vkWuykbu nh xbZ ewY; laca/h dksVs'ku okLrfod fuiVkjk dherksa ls mPprj gks ldrh gSa] 10 izfr'kr rd dh dVkSrh dh xbZ gSA

dsjy ds laca/ esa] lek;ksftr cktkj ewY;] vk; iwathdj.k ekWMy ls izkIr Åij n'kkZ, x, Hkwfe ds ewY; ds rhu xquk ls Hkh vf/d gSA ,d vf/d lhfer fo'ys"k.k rfeyukMq jkT; ds laca/ esa fd;k x;k gS ftlus n'kkZ;k gS fd Hkwfe dk cktkj ewY; dfYir ewY; dk yxHkx nksxquk gSA

layXud 4% x`g&dj laHkkO;rk

x`g&dj laHkkO;rk ij fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr MkVk lzksrksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS%

d- tux.kuk 2011 ij jkT;okj vkoklu MkVk_

[k- Hkkjr esa ̂ is;ty] LoPNrk] LokLF; vkSj vkoklu fLFkfr ij tqykbZ&fnlEcj] 2012 ds nkSjku fd, x, vius mugÙkjosa jkmaM vkSj ;wfuV Lrj ds le:ih MkVk ij vk/kfjr] jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; dh fjiksVZ_

x- edkuksa ds vkdkj vkSj O;kid :i ls mn~/`r fj;y ,LVsV osclkbVksa ls yh xbZ mudh dherksa ij vkWuykbu MkVkA

ewY;kadu% o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk esa ifjokjksa ds }kjk vf/x`ghr d{kksa dh la[;k ds vuqlkj forj.k ij lwpuk nh xbZ gS] fdUrq blesa ?kjksa ds {ks=kiQy ij lwpuk ugha nh xbZ gSA jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; ds 69osa jkmaM ls fy, x, okl d{kksa dk {ks=k edkuksa ds ewY;kadu ds fy,] fuekZ.k ds ckn ewY; o`f¼ ds fy, ;qfDrlaxr :i ls lek;ksftr] fuekZ.k dh dsanzh; yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dh vuqlwph njksa vkSj tux.kuk laca/h MkVk ls tqM+k gSA dsjy] rfeyukMq vkSj dukZVd ds fy,] edkuksa ds vkdkj ds ifjdyuksa dks vkWu&ykbu okLrfod laink lwpuk dks] bl rF; ds ys[kk tks[kk ds fy, fd vkWuykbu foKkiuksa dks lkekU;r% vkoklu LiSDVªe ds Åijh fljs ds fy, vLFkk;h gksrs gSa] mi;qDr lek;kstuksa ls iwjk djds la'kksf/r fd;k x;k gSA vU; vusd jkT;ksa ds fy, fo'oLr vkWuykbu lwpuk miyC/ ugha gSA

layXud 5% rfeyukMq dh xzke iapk;rksa esa vius jktLo laxzgksa esa fHkUurk,arfeyukMq dh xzke iapk;rksa esa viuk jktLo laxzg

Own revenue (OR) collections in the Village Panchayats of Tamil Nadu

lkaf[;dh2014-15

(#Ik;s yk[k esa)2014-15 (izfr O;fDr

#i;s esa)2011-15

(yk[k #i;s esa)2011-15 (izfr O;fDr #i;s esa)

iapk;rksa dh la[;k 12,506 12,506 12,506 12,506

vkSlr 5.0 140.6 19.1 540.1

ekud fopyu 16.0 445.7 56.3 1479.9

25oka 'kread 0.9 44.2 4.0 191.5

50oka 'kread (ekfè;dk) 1.8 72.9 7.5 307.1

75oka 'kread 4.1 132.4 16.0 534.4

U;wure ewY; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

vf/dre ewY; 649.5 25261.7 1827.6 61753.3

lzksr% rfeyukMq MkVk ,ufyfVDl ;wfuV


vè;k; 5% D;k fodkl esa foyafcr vfHkl`fr ,d ck/k cu tkrh gS\ D;k Hkkjr blls cp ik,xk\

vuqca/µI lajpukRed ifjorZu fo?kVu i¼fr

xzk¯uxu MkVk (fVej] fM ozht ,aM fM ozht] 2014) 10 {ks=kksa dh igpku djrk gSA ge {ks=kh; mRikndrk lao`f¼ rFkk {ks=kksa ds eè; ifjorZu ds Hkhrj fof'k"V igpku djrs gq, buesa ls rhu ij vf/d è;ku nsrs gSaA ge o"kZ 1980 ls 2010 dh vof/ ij eq[; :i ls è;ku nsrs gq, ththMhlh MkVkcsl esa] bu izR;sd 10 {ks=kksa] rFkk 42 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds fy, izfr dkexkj ewY; o`f¼] Ycst rFkk jkstxkj va'k Ocst dk ewY;kadu djrs gSaA

fo?kVu ds ckn izFke vUrjksa dks vkjafHkd Lrjh; mRiknu ls foHkkftr dj eSdfeyu ,V ,y (2016) vkfn ds vuqlkj gesa feyrk gS%

bl fo'ys"k.k ds mís'; ls ge lajpukRed ifjorZu dks ththMhlh MkVk ds nl {ks=kksa esa ls rhu ^^vk/qfud** {ks=kksa ls lg;ksftr djrs gSa] ftls ge lsV ,e (M)={fofuekZ.k_ ifjogu] HkaMkj ,oa laizs"k.k_ rFkk foÙk] chek] fj;y ,LVsV vkSj O;kikj lsok,a} }kjk n'kkZrs gSaA ^^vPNh** lao`f¼ ds vkarfjd&{ks=k&?kVd dk ewY;kadu djus ds fy, ge bu rhu ^^vk/qfud** {ks=kksa ds i`FkDdj.k esa igys inksa dk ;ksx djrs gSaA

{ks=k&lao`f¼ ds varxZr

^^vPNh** lao`f¼ ds ladh.kZ lajpukRed ifjorZu ?kVd ds fy,] ge bUgha rhu {ks=kksa ds nwljs vkSj rhljs inksa dk ;ksx djrs gSa%

lajpukRed :ikarj.k =

bu nks inksaa esa ^^vPNh lao`f¼** 'kkfey gS rFkk js[kkfp=k 4 esa uhyh rFkk yky jax ds {ks=kksa ds vuq:i gSaA


vè;k; 6% tyok;q] tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj Ñf"k

vuqca/ 1 tyok;q] tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj Ñf"k% MkVk] lzksr vkSj i¼fr

vè;k; esa fo'ys"k.k esa iz;qDr MkVkcsl vkSj muls lacaf/r lzksr Hkkx&1 esa of.kZr gSA bdksukehfVªd i¼fr Hkkx 2 esa nh xbZ gSA

1- MkVk ,oa lzksr

ekSle

rkieku ,oa izslhfiVs'ku MkVk fuEukafd lzksr 7 ls izkIr fd, tkrs gSaA

MkVk lzksr LVs'kuksa dh la[;k (vf[ky Hkkjr)

o"kZ vLFkk;h ladYi

fxzM vkdkj

izslhfiVs'ku (vkbZ,eMh)

Hkkjrh; i¼fr foHkkx 2140 1950-2015 nSfud 1 fMxzh nj 1 fMxzh

izslhfiVs'ku (Msykokjs)

Msjkokjs fo'ofo|ky;(th,plh,u@vkbZ,eMh

ls tqVk;k x;k)

300 1950-2015 ekfld 0.5 fMxzh nj 0.5 fMxzh

rkieku (vkbZ,eMh) Hkkjrh; ekSle foKku foHkkx


rkieku (vkbZ,eMh) Hkkjrh; ekSle foKku foHkkx

210 1950-2015 nSfud 1 fMxzh nj 1 fMxzh

rkieku(Msykokjs)

Msjkokjs fo'ofo|ky; (th,plh,u@vkbZ,eMh

ls tqVk;k x;k)


Ñf"k

fo'ys"k.k ds fy, Ñf"k MkVk ds nks lzksrksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;kA 1966&2010 dh vof/ ds fy, lseh vkjhM VªkfiDl (vkbZlhvk-jvkbZ,l,Vh) ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; iQly chek laLFkku }kjk ladfyr MkVk lsV dks iz;qDr fd;k x;kA izeq[k iQlyksa ds fy, ;g MkVk lsV iQly dVkbZ ds vUrxZr mRiknu vkSj {ks=k laca/h lwpuk miyC/ djkrk gSA bl MkVk esa 'kkfey iQlysa ;g gSa pkoy] eDdk] lksj?ke] nkysa] dikl] ewaxiQyh] cktjk] fiQaxj feysV] lks;k] xsgwa] tkS] fpDdih] fyulhM] ,oa jsih rFkk ljlksa chtA bu iQlyksa ds lclsV ds fy, vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh Hkh iQly dher ij MkVk miyC/ djkrk gSµfdlku }kjk fcØh ds izFke dsUnz ij izkIr dh xbZ dherA iQkeZ jktLo (izfr ;wfuV {ks=k) ds mik;ksa gsrq] bldk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA

;g MkVk 19 izeq[k jkT;ksa dks doj djrk gS blesa 'kkfey gSa% vkU/z izns'k] xqtjkr] gfj;k.kk] dukZVd] eè; izns'k] egkjk"Vª] iatkc] jktLFkku] rfeyukMq] mÙkj izns'k] fcgkj] if'pe caxky] mM+hlk] vle] fgekpy izns'k] dsjy] NÙkhlx<+] >kj[kaM vkSj mÙkjk[kaMA vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh }kjk miyC/ djk, x, lHkh vkadM+s 1966 ftyksa ds vuq:i gSaA

2011&2014 dh vof/ ds fy, Ñf"k ea=kky; }kjk iQly mRiknu vkSj {ks=k ij miyC/ djk;k x;k MkVk lsV iz;ksx esa yk;k x;kA lerk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, bl MkVk dks 1966 ftyk ckamfMª;ksa gsrq iw.kk±fdr fd;k x;kA


2- fof'k"V i¼fr

;g [kaM 3 esa fu"d"kZ ij vkus ds fy, iz;qDr dh xbZ i¼fr dk o.kZu djrk gSA eq[; ;kstuk MkVk&lsV dh iSuy&-lajpuk dk irk yxkuk gS] rkfd bl le; esa ,d ftys ds Hkhrj d`f"k&fu"iknu ij ekSle esa ifjorZu ds izHkko dk vè;;u fd;k tk ldsA ;g iwjh rjg Lohdkj fd;k tk pqdk gS fd ekSle rFkk d`f"k fu"iknu ds chp laca/ cgqr vf/d ukWu&fyfu;j gS (Ms'ksUl ,aM xzhu LVksu 2007)A bl xSj&js[kh;rk dk izca/u djus ds dbZ jkLrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkbZ,e,iQ (2017) ijkorZu dk vuqeku yxkrs gSa tgka O;k[;kRed pj jkf'k;ksa esa rkieku vkSj o"kkZ ds fy, leku rFkk f}?kkrh; fuca/u 'kkfey gSaA;gka ,d fHkUu n`f"V viukbZ xbZ gSA fuEufyf[kr iQkeZ ds fof'k"V ijkorZu vuqekfur Fks%

;gka Ycdt dk vk'k; ,d o"kZ t esa ,d ftys d esa iQly c ds fy, ykHk dh ifj.kkeh pj jkf'k&ykWx (iQly) ,oa ykWx (mRiknu dk ewY;) gSA

^^cSM VsEijspj 'kkWd** pj jkf'k ,d vkHkklh pj jkf'k gS tks ewY; 1 ysrh gS ;fn o"kZ t esa ftys d esa VsEijspj (rk-ieku)] ftyk&fof'k"V&rkieku&forj.k ds 'kh"kZ 20 izfr'kr esa gksA

blh izdkj] ̂ ^cSM jsuiQkWy 'kkWd** ewY; 1 ysrk gS ;fn o"kZ t esa ftys d esa VsEijspj (rkieku)] ftyk&fof'k"V o"kkZ&forj.k ds 'kh"kZ 20 izfr'kr esa gksA8 Ycd dk vk'k;] iQly fof'k"V ftyk fu;r izHkko gS tks ftyksa ds chp fdlh le;&v-ifjorZuh;&fu;r ifjorZuksa&e`nk xq.koÙkk] vkSlr rkieku] o"kkZ vkfn dk irk yxkrk gSA blh izdkj Sct o"kZ&fu;r izHkko gS tks >Vdksa ('kkWDl) ds izHkkoksa dks crkrk gS] tks ,d fn, x, o"kZ esa lHkh ftyksa esa lkekU; gSaA buesa izkS|ksfxdh esa ifjorZu (tSls fd gfjr Økafr)] vFkok ljdkjh uhfr esa cnyko tSls U;wure leFkZu ewY; (,e,lih) esa o`f¼ 'kkfey gks ldrh FkhA lHkh ijkorZuksa esa ekud =kqfV;ksa dks ftyk Lrj ij bdV~Bk fd;k x;k gSA

bl rjg rS;kj djrs gq,] ;s ijkorZu ,d ftys ds le;ksifj ds Hkhrj ekSle ds izHkkoksa dh igpku djrs gSaA rkieku mrkj p<+ko ds pj jkf'k laca/h xq.kd ;g vuqeku yxkrs gSa fd ,d ftys esa ,d mPp rkieku o"kZ esa ^^lkekU;** rkieku o"kZ dh rqyuk esa iQly esa fxjkoV gqbZA blh izdkj] o"kkZ&mrkj&p<+ko pj jkf'k;ksa laca/h xq.kkd fuEufyf[kr iz'u dk mÙkj nsrs gS% ,d ftys esa ,d fuEu o"kkZ okys o"kZ esa] lkekU; o"kZ dh rqyuk esa iQly esa fdruh deh gqbZA uhps lkj.kh d 1&d4 ds igys dkWye bl ijkorZu ls izkIr xq.kdksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA

vU; miyC/ fodYiksa esa ls bl fof'k"Vrk ds p;u dk dkj.k ;g gS fd rkieku vkSj o"kkZ ds izHkko rc vf/dre iq"V gksrs gSa tc ^^lkekU; Lrjksa** ls izkIr fopyu fo'kkyre gksrs gSaA ;g fp=k 9 vksj 10 esa n'kkZ;k x;k Fkk] tgka rkieku forj.k dk nk;ka fljk ,oa o"kkZ&forj.k dk ck;ka fljk mitksa esa o``gre deh ds lkFk tqM+k FkkA ml fp=k ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk ijkorZu uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gS%

;gka rkieku vkSj o"kkZ ds 10 n'keyo dks Meh ds :i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA 5oka n'keyo vyx Js.kh esa vkrk gSA vr% ;g lg&laca/ b 10 mRikndrk esa vkSlr enksa dks n'kkZrk gS] tc rkieku 50 n'keyo ds eqdkcys 10oka n'keyo gksrk gSA mlh izdkj g 1 lg&laca/ 5oka n'keyo dh rqyuk esa izFke n'keyo esa o"kkZ gksus ij mRikndrk esa vkSlr en gSA eq[; vè;k; esa vkadM+k 8 rFkk bl ijkorZu lg&laca/ dks n'kkZrk gSA

flafpr rFkk vflafpr {ks=k ds chp ekSle fHkUurk ds izeq[k dk vè;;u djus ds fy, ge mi;qZDr ijkorZu dks vUr% fØ;k ds lkFk foLrkj nsrs gSa lHkh ijkorZuksa o"kkZ ds nkSjksa dks twu ls flrEcj ds nkSjku o"kkZ ds vk/kj ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA rkieku ds nkSjksa dks [kjhiQ iQly ds fy, twu ls flrEcj vof/ esas vkSlr nSfud rkieku vkSj jch iQly ds fy, vDVwcj ls fnlEcj ds vk/kj ij ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA

mi;qZDr lehdj.k dh O;k[;k dSls dh tk ldrh gS\ o"kkZ vkSj rkieku vk?kkr ij lg&laca/ dk vuqeku ,d ftys esa gqbZ [kjkc o"kkZ vkSj [kjkc rkieku vk?kkrksa ds izHkko ls yxk;k tkrk gS tgka flapkbZ 0 gSA (d

1+B

1) vkSj (d

2+B

2)


dk lehdj.k ftys esa gqbZ [kjkc ekSle ds izHkko dks n'kkZrk gS tgka Ñf"k Hkwfe dk 100» flafpar gksrk gSA a1 ds fy,

/ukRed ewY;] B1 ds fy, Í.kkRed ewY; ds lkFk la;qDr gksrk gS tks rkieku vk?kkrksa ls vflafpr {ks=kksa esa mRikndrk

dks de djrh gS] ysfdu ;g flafpar {ks=kksa dks detksj dj nsrk gSA bl fof'k"Vdj.k dk ifj.kke rkfydk d1µd4 ds nwljs dkye esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA foijhr rkieku vkSj o"kkZ vk?kkrksa dk izHkko vflafpr {ks=kksa esa dkiQh eglwl fd, tkrs gSa tcfd iw.kZ flafpar {ks=k esa (tgka flafpar {ks=k dk vuqikr 1 ds cjkcj gS)] ;gka dk izHkko 'kwU; gSAbl vè;k; esa izfrxeu ds ifj.kke dks fjiksVZ djrh gS ftlesa flafpar vkSj vflafpar {ks=kksa ds fy, vyx ls vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gSA ge ,d ftys esa flafpar gksus okys {ks=k dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSa ;fn blds 50» ls de fuoy iQly {ks=k dk flapkbZ 2010 esa fd;k x;k gksA lHkh vU; ftys vflafpar {ks=k ds :i esa ekus tkrs gSaAvar esa] ;g lq>krk gS fd dbZ dkjd ds vfrfjDr o"kkZ dh vkSlr Lrj Ñf"k izfriQyksa dks ekuk tkrk gSA pwafd gekjs ikl jkstkuk vkadM+k gksrk gS] ge ;g tkap dj ldrs gSa D;k [kjhiQ vkSj jch ekSle ds nkSjku ,d eghus ds Hkhrj o"kkZ dk forj.k bu fodYih; pSuyksa ds fy, Li"V :i ls tkap ds fy, gesa vuqefr nsrk gSA ,slk djus ds fy, ge bldk vuqeku fuEufyf[kr izdkj ds izrhxeu ls dj ldrs gSa (flafpar vkSj vflafpar {ks=kksa ds fy, vyx&vyx)A

'kq"d fnol] fnuksa dh la[;k dks bafxr djrk gS tgka o"kkZ 0-1 ,e,e ls de jgkA bl izrhxeu dk ifj.kke rkfydk A1-A

4 ds

dkye 3 esa fjiksVZ fd;k x;k gSA tSlk fd lkj.kh ls Li"V gS fd o"kkZ vk?kkrksa ds fu;a=k.k ds ckotwn] 'kq"d fnuksa dh la[;k d`f"k izfriQy dks n'kkZrh gSA

lkj.kh d1 [kjhiQ izfriQy ij ekSle dk izHkko

ykWx (izfriQy) ykWx (izfriQy) ykWx (izfriQy)

izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr -0.0463*** -0.0741*** -0.0360***

(0.00552) (0.0105) (0.0101)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr 0.0750*** 0.00527

(0.0190) (0.0183)

izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr -0.131*** -0.243*** -0.190***

(0.00562) (0.0113) (0.0100)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr 0.283*** 0.207***

(0.0196) (0.0184)

'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k -0.00615***

(0.000446)

flapkbZ*'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k 0.00661***

(0.000716)

iQly ftyk ,iQbZ gk¡ gk¡ gk¡

iQly o"kZ ,iQbZ gk¡ gk¡ gk¡

voyksdu 73,198 69,301 69,301

vkj&oxkZdkj 0.772 0.766 0.768

fVIi.kh% lHkh rkfydkvksa esa] ekud =kqfV;ka ftyk Lrj ij lewg cuk ysrh gS tks dks"Bdksa esa fjiksVZ fd, x, gSa ***] ** vkSj * dk fpUg Øe'k% 1 izfr'kr] 5 izfr'kr vkSj 10 izfr'kr ds iz;kZIr varj dks bafxr djrk gSA


lkj.kh d2- [kjhiQ jktLo ij ekSle dk izHkko


izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr -0.0428*** -0.0952*** -0.0385***(0.00815) (0.0141) (0.0135)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr 0.140*** 0.0136(0.0289) (0.0276)

izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr -0.140*** -0.247*** -0.175***(0.00895) (0.0168) (0.0147)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr 0.300*** 0.166***(0.0307) (0.0294)

'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k -0.00750***(0.000628)

flapkbZ*'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k 0.0109***(0.00104)



voyksdu 34,263 34,263 34,263vkj&oxkZdkj 0.894 0.895 0.897

lkj.kh d3- jch izfriQyksa ij ekSle dk izHkko


izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr -0.0472*** -0.127*** -0.103***(0.00632) (0.0105) (0.0106)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr 0.185*** 0.134***(0.0170) (0.0166)

izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr -0.0679*** -0.116*** -0.0681***(0.00476) (0.00831) (0.00903)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr 0.111*** 0.00449(0.0154) (0.0167)

'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k -0.00411***(0.000399)

flapkbZ*'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k 0.00719***(0.000684)



voyksdu 41,864 37,649 37,649vkj&oxkZdkj 0.826 0.820 0.822


lkj.kh d4- jch jktLo ij ekSle dk izHkko


izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr -0.0416*** -0.127*** -0.103***

(0.00835) (0.0137) (0.0138)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy rkieku vk?kkr 0.211*** 0.154***

(0.0230) (0.0228)

izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr -0.0558*** -0.0901*** -0.0438***

(0.00652) (0.0107) (0.0114)

flapkbZ*izfrdwy o"kkZ vk?kkr 0.0876*** -0.0259

(0.0204) (0.0222)

'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k -0.00388***

(0.000482)

flapkbZ*'kq"d fnolksa dh la[;k 0.00709***

(0.000812)



voyksdu 25,979 24,473 24,473

vkj&oxkZdkj 0.929 0.928 0.929

dksM uke dksM uke

,ih vkU/z izns'k ,e,p egkjk"Vª

,vkj v#.kkapy izns'k ,e,u ef.kiqj

,,l vle ,eth es?kky;

chvkj fcgkj ,etsM fetksje

lhth NÙkhlx<+ ,u, ukxkySaM

Mh,y fnYyh vksMh vksfM'kk

th, xksok ihch iatkc

thts xqtjkr vkjts jktLFkku

,pvkj gfj;k.kk ,lds flfDde

,pih fgekpy izns'k Vh,u rfeyukMq

tsds tEew o d'ehj Vh,y rsyaxkuk

ts,p >kj[k.M Vhvkj f=kiqjk

ds, dukZVd ;wih mÙkj izns'k

ds,y dsjy ;wds mÙkjk[k.M

,eih eè; izns'k MCY;wch if'pe caxky


vè;k; & 7 % fyax&vk;ke dk fu/kZj.k vkSj ijkorZu lehdj.k

vuqca/ I. fyax&vk;ke dk fu/kZj.k vkSj ijkorZu lehdj.k

;g vuqca/ jk"Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; losZ{k.k (,u,iQ,p,l) ds nksuksa pjksa ds lalk/u dk lfoLrkj Li"Vhdj.k djrk gS ftlls fd bl vè;k; esa iz;qDr fyax&fo"k;d vk;keksa ,oa ijkorZu lehdj.k dks izkIr fd;k tk ldsA lHkk ijkorZu (fjxzs'ku) Mh,p,l vkSj ,u,iQ,p,l ds losZ{k.k vkadM+ksa ds efgyk fjdkWMZ [kaM dk mi;ksx djds flagkoyksfdr gSaA

fyax&fo"k;d 17 ladsrdksa ij] izR;sd ds l`tukFkZ] fuEufyf[kr jhfr iz;qDr dh xbZ gS% & vfHkdj.k fo"k;d ladsrdksa ij] pqfuank rqyuk 15 vkSj 49 o"kZ dh mez ds chp dh mu fookfgrk efgykvksa esa gS tks ;g lwpuk nsrh gSa fd os fu.kZ; djus esa lfEefyr gksrh gSa& pkgs os Lo;a fu.kZ; ysrh gksa ;k os vius ifr@lgpj ds lkFk feytqy dj fu.kZ; ysrh gksaA

& vfHko`fÙk fo"k;d ladsrdksa ij] pqfuank rqyuk 15 vkSj 49 o"kZ ds chp dh vk;q okyh fookfgrk efgykvksa esa gSA

& jkstxkj vkSj f'k{kk (tks efgyk,a jkstxkj esa gSa] tks efgyk,a xSj&'kkjhfjd Je okys {ks=k esa jkstxkj esa gSa] vkSj tks i<+h fy[kh gSa) ds ifj.kkeksa ij] pqfuank rqyuk lHkh losZ{k.k 'kqnk efgykvksa esa gSA fdlh Hkh Lrj dh f'k{kk izkIr& izkFkfed] ekè;fed ;k mPprj& efgyk,a ̂ f'kf{kr* esa fxuh tkrh gSaA blh izdkj] fiQygky dk;Zjr efgyk,a] ̂ jkstxkj 'kqnk* efgykvksa esa fxu yh tkrh gSaA jkstxkj'kqnk efgyk dh fLFkfr esa] xSj&'kkjhfjd Je okys {ks=k esa jkstxkj'kqnk efgykvksa dh la[;k dh x.kuk rc dh tkrh gSS tc efgyk,a ;g lwpuk nsrh gSa fd os is'ksoj] fyfidh;] fcØh ;k lsokvksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA

& xHkZ fujks/d i¼fr] thou lkFkh dh fgalk] ifr ds laca/ esa dekbZ] fookg vkSj izFke tPpxh ij L=kh dh mez ls lacaf/r ifj.kkeksa ij] pqfuank rqyuk 15 vkSj 49 o"kZ dh mez ds chp dh fookfgrk efgykvksa esa gSA

& xHkZ fujks/u ds ifj.kke ij] tks efgyk,a fdlh i¼fr dk bLrseky u djus okyk mÙkj nsrh gSa] mudh x.kuk ugha dh tkrh] vkSj tks caè;hdj.k ls fHkUu xHkZ fujks/d mik;ksa ds bLrseky djus dk mÙkj nsrh gSa] mudh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA

& fuEufyf[kr ijkorZu bl vè;k; esa lkj.kh 1 ds fuekZ.k esa iz;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk

O;fDr i ds ekeys esa Mh,p,l@,u,iQ,p,l }kjk miyC/ djk;k x;k /u fo"k;d dkjd fu"Ikknu gS

Where:

Wi is the wealth factor score provided by DHS/NFHS, for individual i.

IND Hkkjr ds fy, ewY; vkSj vU; ns'kksa ds fy, 0 dk |ksrd gS

=kqfV dk lwpd gS

fo'ks"k :i ls] ;g bl ifjdYiuk dh tkap djrk gS fd fyax fo"k;d ladsrd Hkkjr esa /u dh c<+r ij lq/jrk gS vkSj ;g tkap Hkh djrk gS fd D;k ;s lq/kj vU; ns'kksa dh vis{kk Hkkjr esa vf/d etcwr gSaA

β2, ;fn udkjkRed vkSj egRoiw.kZ gks] rks ;g vk'k; nsrk gS fd Hkkjr 'ks"k ns'kksa ds vkSlr ls uhps gSA ;fn ldkjkRed gks] rks bldk vfHkizk; gS fd Hkkjr uewus esa vkSlr ns'k ls csgrj fu"Ikknd gSA

β3, ;fn udkjkRed gks] rks bldk vk'k; gS fd Hkkjr ds ekeys esa /u izkfIr c<+us ij fyax fo"k;d fu"Ikknu ds izfr

1 yksftV LisflfiQds'ku dk mi;ksx Hkh leku ifj.kke iznku djrk gSA


vuqfØ;kRedrk vU; ns'kksa esa vuqfØ;kRedrk ls de gSA ldkjkRed xq.kkad ls vk'k; gS fd Hkkjr esa /u c<+us ij gksus okys lq/kj uewus esa vkSlr ns'k ds lq/kj ls vf/d gSaA

;fn β3 ½.kkRed gks] rks Hkkjr vU; ns'kksa ds cjkcj ugha gks ldrkA rFkkfi] ;fn β3 ?kukRed gks] rks Hkkjr Hkfo"; esa 'ks"k ns'kksa ds cjkcj gks tkus dh vk'kk djrk gS D;ksafd thMhih esa o`f¼ mPp ?kjsyw /u esa rcnhy gks tkrh gSA

ijkorZu esa larqfyr iSuy cukus ds fy, ns'kksa vkSj jkT;ksa dh lwph

dksM uke dksM uke

IND India NP Nepal

AF Afghanistan NG Nigeria

BD Bangladesh PK Pakistan

BR Brazil PH Philippines

KH Cambodia ZA South Africa

EG Egypt LK Sri Lanka

GH Ghana TH Thailand

ID Indonesia TR Turkey

MX Mexico SN Senegal

MM Myanmar TZ Tanzania

AM Armenia BF Burkina Faso

AO Angola BJ Benin

CM Cameroon CO Colombia

DR Dominican Republic HT Haiti

JO Jordan LS Lesotho

MD Madagascar ML Mali

MW Malawi MZ Mozambique

NI Niger TD Chad

ZW Zimbabwe CN China

CN China KR Korea

JP Japan US United States of America

UY Uruguay


dksM uke dksM uke

AP Andhra Pradesh MH Maharashtra

AR Arunachal Pradesh MN Manipur

AS Assam MG Meghalaya

BR Bihar MZ Mizoram

CG Chhattisgarh NA Nagaland

DL Delhi OD Odisha

GA Goa PB Punjab

GJ Gujarat RJ Rajasthan

HR Haryana SK Sikkim

HP Himachal Pradesh TN Tamil Nadu

JK Jammu And Kashmir TL Telangana

JH Jharkhand TR Tripura

KA Karnataka UP Uttar Pradesh

KL Kerala UK Uttarakhand

MP Madhya Pradesh WB West Bengal

vuqca/ 1% fyax p;u ij jksd% nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj Hkkjr dk rqyukRed vè;;u

xqM+yekWVks (2009) us vlk/kj.k :i ls mPp ,lvkjch ds fy, vko';d rhu fLFkfr;ksa dh igpku dh Fkh% csVksa ds fy, rjthg tks fyaax p;u dks izsfjr djus gsrq dkiQh izcy gSa] de iztuu {kerk tks ^îztuu esa deh** ls vkrh gS vkSj fyax igpku izkS|ksfxdh rd igqap (;w vkSj vU;] 2016)A fp=k 1d vkSj fp=k 1[k 1970 ds 'kq:vkrh n'kd ls nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj Hkkjr esa mRiUu fLFkfr dks n'kkZrs gSaA 1980 ds 'kq:vkrh n'kd esa fyax&igpku&izkS|ksfxdh dh miyC/rk ds lkFk&lkFk nksuksa jk"Vªksa esa iq=k dh pkg vkSj ?kVrh iztuu nj ds ifj.kkeLo:i nksuksa ns'kksa esa tUe ds le; vR;ar fo"ke fyaxkuqikr jgkA

cnrj gksrs fyax vuqikr ls fpafrr gksdj] nksuksa ns'kksa us p;ukRed fyax xHkZikr ij jksd yxk nh Fkh & dksfj;k us 1987 esa vkSj Hkkjr us 1994 esaA dksfj;k esa bl fof/ dk fØ;kUo;u dkiQh izHkkoh Fkk ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ,lvkjch o"kZ 2000 ds eè; rd ,lvkjch derj Lrjksa ij okil vk xbZ Fkh] ;|fi ;g vHkh Hkh fu"i{krk ds Lrj ls vf/d FkhA nwljh vksj] Hkkjr esa izlo&iwoZ funku IkzkS|ksfxd (fofu;eu vkSj nq#i;ksx fuokj.k) vf/fu;e] 1994 (ih,uMhVh) dk vf/d izHkko ugha fn[kkbZ fn;k vkSj ,lvkjch dh fLFkfr vkSj [kjkc gksrh pyh xbZA vkf[kjdkj] bl vf/fu;e] esa 2003 esa la'kks/u fd;k x;k ftlls fLFkfr dks vkxs vkSj [kjkc u gksus nsus esa] fo'ks"k :i ls ?kVrh iztuu nj ds ckotwn enn feyhA rFkkfi] ,lvkjch dk Lrj vlkekU; :i ls Åij cuk jgk gSA


fp=k 1d% Hkkjr esa ,lvkjch vkSj Vh,iQvkj fp=k 1[k% nf{k.k dksfj;k esa ,lvkjch vkSj Vh,iQvkj

2.0

2.6

3.2

3.8

4.4

5.0

5.6

1055

1065

1075

1085

1095

1105

1115

1972

1977

1982

1987

1990

1992

1997

2002

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Males

PerThousandFemales

SRBTFR (RHS)

PNDT Act introduced

PNDT Act ammended

sex detection technology available

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1060

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

1130

1140

1150

1972

1977

1982

1987

1990

1992

1997

2002

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mal

es P

er T

hou

san

d F

emla

es

SRB

TFR (RHS)

sex detection technology available

law passed against sex selective abortion

lzksr% MCY;wMhvkbZ

vuqca/ 3% ^^vokafNr** dU;kvksa dk vuqeku djus dh izfof/

êsVk* iq=k pkgr dh lhek vkSj vokafNr dU;kvksa dh la[;k r; djus dh dksf'k'k ds ihNs eq[; ckr ;g gS fd fdlh Hkh tUe&Øe ij ,d iq=kh okys ekrk&firk ds fy, ,d cPps okys eka&cki dh rqyuk esa larkus iSnk djrs jgus dh laHkkouk vf/d gSA larku iSnk djuk tkjh j[kus okys Ikfjokjksa ds lewg esa] okLrfod fyax vuqikr vkSj vkn'kZ fyax vuqikr ds chp varj vokafNr dU;kvksa dh la[;k dk vuqeku izLrqr djrk gSA

fo'ks"krkSj ij] izR;sd tUe Øe ds ekeys esa ^î** dU;kvksa ds fy, LVhd :i ls ^î** ls vf/d larkuksa okys ifjokjksa ds lewg Ikj fopkj djsaA vokafNr dU;kvksa dh la[;k uhps fn, x, lw=k ls fu/kZfjr dh xbZ gSA

tgka “i” = 1,2,3.. tUe dk Øe gSA

elyu] nwljs tUe Øe ds ekeys esa tUe ij L=kh&iq#"k&vuqikr ij fopkj djsaA bl vuqikr dk fu/kZj.k mu fL=k;ksa ds fy, vyx ls fd;k x;k gS ftuds fy, nwljh larku mudh vkf[kjh larku gS11 rFkk tks vf/d larkusa (ftu fL=k;ksa dks nks ls vf/d larkusa gSa) iSnk djrh jghA izFke lewg ds ekeys esa L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr 0-64 rfkk nwljs lewg ds fy, 1-16 ik;k x;k gSA fdlh tUe Øe ds fy, L=kh&iq#"k dk vkn'kZ vuqikr 0-952 gksuk pkfg,A vkn'kZ L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr ls ;g fopyu gesa n'kkZrk gS fd dU;k larku okys ekrk&firkvksa ds fy, larkusa iSnk djrs jgus dh vf/d laHkkouk gSA vkn'kZ L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr ls okLrfod L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr] bl ekeys esa 0-21] dqy uj larkuksa (2 ls vf/d larkusa iSnk djus okys ifjokjksa esa tUe&Øe esa nwljh) ls xqf.kr ls vR;f/d dU;k larku dk vuqeku feyrk gSA

^vR;f/d* dU;k larku dh la[;k dh x.kuk lHkh tUe Øeksa esa leku <ax ls dh tkrh gSA bldh dqy la[;k og gS tks bl fo'ys"k.k esa vaokfNr dU;k,a dgha xbZ gSA

______________1 bldh x.kuk mu ekrkvksa esa dh tkrh gS tks caè;hdj.k djok pqdh Fkh ;k 40 o"kZ dh vk;q ls vf/d Fkh & vkSj blh fy, muds vf/d larkusa iSnk ugha

gks ldrhaA2 ,slk gS] D;ksafd thofoKkuh iq#"k&L=kh&vuqikr 1005 gS vkSj blhfy, thofoKkuh L=kh&iq#"k vuqikr 1@1-05 = 0-95 gSA


vè;k; 9% O;Oklk; djus dks vklku cukus dk vxyk ekspkZ%le; ls U;k;

vuqca/ 1% dkjksckj lqxerk fjiksVZ] 2018 esa îzorZuh; djkjksa* ds fy, ladsrd&okj izkIrkad

ladsrd izkIrkad

le; (fnu) 1445

ntZ djuk ,oa rkehy 45

lquokbZ ,oa fu.kZ; 1095

fu.kZ; ykxw djuk 305

ykxr (nkok ewY; dk ») 31.0

vVkuhZ 'kqYd 22

U;k;ky; 'kqYd 8.5

izorZu 'kqYd 0.5

U;kf;d izfØ;k lwpdkad dh xq.koÙkk (0&18) 10.0

U;k;ky; lajpuk ,oa dk;Zokgh (1&5) 4.5

ekeyk&izca/u (0&6) 1.5

U;k;ky;&Lopkyu (0&4) 2.0

oSdfYid erHksn lek/ku (0&3) 2.0

lzksr% fo'o cSad dkjksckj lqxerk fjiksVZ] 2018

vuqca/ 2% ekeyksa dk laLFkkiu] yafcrrk ,oa fuiVku% izokg (VhMh,l,Vh ,oa ,ihVhbZ,y)

laLFkkiu] yafcrrk ,oa fuiVku&VhMh,l,Vh laLFkkiu yafcrrk ,oa fuiVku&,ihVhbZ,y

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

InstitutionDisposalNet FlowPendency

SC cancelled2G licenses

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Institution

Disposal

Net Flow

Pendency

SC cancelledcoal blocks

lzksr% VhMh,l,Vh ,oa ,ihVhbZ,y ls izkIr vkadMsa


vuqca/ 3% yafcr ekeys% izokg (5 izeq[k mPp U;k;ky;] 1985&2016] fefy;u esa)

lzksr% 5 mPp U;k;ky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+s

vuqca/ 4% 5 mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds ;kfpdk vf/dkj&{ks=k

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Calcutta High Court

High Court Of

Allahabad

High Court Of Bombay

High Court of Delhi

High Court of Madras

Proportion of Civil, Criminal, Civil/Criminal Writ and Rest

Civil Writ Civil/Criminal Writ Criminal Writ Others

3.27

3.70

2.11

3.30

2.04

3.01

10.71

2.49

2.18

2.92

0.00

2.35

2.07

1.72

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Calcutta High Court

High Court Of Allahabad

High Court Of Bombay

High Court of Delhi

High Court of Madras

Average Pendency (in years)

Criminal Civil/Criminal Civil

lzksr% n{k

*n{k ls izkIr vkadM+ksa esa fuEufyf[kr i¼fr viukbZ xbZ gS% ekeyksa dks ekeyksa dh izo`fÙk rFkk U;k;ky; dh osclkbVksa ij miyC/ fLFkfr fo"k;d lwpuk ds vk/kj ij Js.khc¼ fd;k x;k FkkA fLFkfr C;kSjs jfgr ekeyksa dks yafcr ekuk x;kA vkSlr yafcrrk dh x.kuk orZeku rkjh[k rFkk og rkjh[k tc ekeyk ntZ fd;k x;k Fkk] ds eè; varj (fnuksa@o"kks± esa) ds vk/kj ij dh xbZA ;fn tgka ekeyk ntZ gksus dh rkjh[k miyC/ ugha gS] ogka ekeyk&la[;k esa crk, x, ekeyk&ntZ djus ds o"kZ dh 1 tqykbZ dks ntZ djus dh rkjh[k (dSysaMj o"kZ dk eè;) ekuk x;k gSA fo'ys"k.k] fof'k"V ekeyk&la[;k ij vk/kfjr gSA


vuqca/ 5% yafcr lekns'k ;kfpdk% izokg (5 mPp U;k;ky;] 2008&13_ yk[kksa esa)

vuqca/ 6% ,sls fu.kZ;ksa dh la[;k tks lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 226 rFkk naM izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kjk 482 ij vk/kfjr gSa% izokg lHkh mPp U;k;ky; 1980&2016]

gtkjksa esaA

lzksr% 5 mPp&U;k;ky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+sA

vuqca/ 7% dqy yafcrrk ds ewy i{k dk izfr'krrk va'k% izokg (4 mPp U;k;ky;] 2008&2016] izfr'kr esa)

vuqca/ 8% yafcrrk izokg (mPpre U;k;ky;] 1950&2016] gtkjksa esa)

lzksr% 4 mPp U;k;ky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+s

lzksr% Hkkjr dk mPpre U;k;ky;1

o"kZ 1992 rd n'kkZ, x, yafcrrk fp=k foLrkfjr vkSj feykbZ xb± iQkbyksa dh la[;k ds i'pkr ekeyksa dh la[;k dks n'kkZrs gSaA 1993 ls] ekeyksa dh yafcrrk ds fp=k] okLrfod iQkby&okj gSa] vkSj buesa foLrkfjr vkSj feykbZ gqbZ iQkbyksa dh la[;k ugha gSA


vuqca/ 9 % ;w,l loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk Lohd`r ekeyksa dk izfr'kr

ekeys dk izdkj 2007 2008 2009 2010

vijkf/d 2.1% 6.4% 2.8% 1.8%

;w,l ukxfjd 1.4% 2.6% 3.2% 1.9%

izkbosV ukxfjd 2.5% 2.0% 2.7% 3.4%

iz'kklfud 2.1% 10.9% 5.5% 11.5%

dqy 2.1% 4.2% 2.9% 2.8%

lzksr% la;qDr jkT; izSl loksZPp U;k;ky;

vuqca/ 10% dqy MkWdsV esa fofHkUu izdkj dh ;kfpdkvksa ds fgLls dk izfr'kr& izokg (loksZP; U;k;ky;] 1993&2011] izfr'kr esa)

lzksr% loksZPp U;k;ky; vkSj jksfcU'ku (2013) dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ ls vkadM+sA

vuqca/ 11% jksd yxs ekeyksa dh la[;k vkSj vuqikr&izeq[k (1996&2016] fnYyh mPp U;k;ky;)

lzksr% fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds vkdM+sa


vuqca/ 12% yafcr vkihvkj ekeyksa dk fLFkfr ijd izksiQkbZy

415

205

14

721

161

Evidence

Final Arguments

Framing of Issues

Pleadings

Settlement

lzksr% fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds vkdM+sa

vuqca/ 13

fnukad 1 tqykbZ 2014 ds eq[; ifji=k la[;k MhchvksMh la chihlh 9@21-04-048@2014&15 ds iSjk 4-2-15-3 ds vUrxZr cSadks dks vk; dh igpku ds foosdh ekunaM] vkfLr oxhZdj.k vkSj vfxze laca/h izkoèkkuksa ls lacaf/r lesfdr ekxZn'kZu tkjh fd, x, gSa] cSadks dks eè;LFkrk dk;Zokgh ;k U;k;kf/d ekeyksa ds dkj.k izLrkfor ½.k dks la'kks/u vkSj iqu%lajpuk djus dh vuqefr nh xbZ gS%

(ii) cSadizLrkfor½.kdhiqul±jpukmi;qZDriSjk(i)(d)esamfYyf[krle;lheklsckgjMhlhlhvksdksla'kksf/rdjdsdjldrkgSvkSjêkud*vkfLroxhZdj.kdkstkjhj[ksaxs_;fnfuEulhekdsvUnju;kMhlhlhvksfu/kZfjrfd;kx;kgS]vkSjiqu%lajpuk'krks±dsvuqlkj[kkrktkjhjgs%

(d) U;k;ky;ekeysokysvolajpukifj;kstuk,a

vxysnkso"kks±rd(mi;qZDriSjk1(d)esamfYyf[krnkso"kZdhvof/lsvf/dTkSlsdqyfoLrkj4o"kZ)]MhlhlhvksdsfoLrkjdkdkj.kekè;LFkedk;Zokgh;kU;k;ky;ekeykgksusijA

([k) U;k;ky;ekeysokyhvolajpukifj;kstuk,a volajpukifj;kstuk,aizkseksVjdsfu;a=k.kdsckgjdsvU;dkj.kksalsfoyEcgksAMhlhlhvksdsfoLrkjdsekeys

esanwljs,do"kZrdmi;qZDriSjkxzkiQ1(d)vFkkZr~dqy3o"kZdsfoLrkjesam¼r2o"kZdhvof/lsijs)nwljs1o"kZrdizorZdksa(U;k;ky;ekeyksadsvykok)dsfu;a=k.klsijsgksA

lzksr% Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad


vuqca/ 14% foHkkxh; ekeyksa dh yafcrrk vkSj ewY; fu/kZj.k izR;{k dj

vfuf.kZr ekeyksa dh la[;k (gtkj esa) vfuf.kZr ekeyksa dk ewY; (yk[k esa)

foHkkxh; ekeyksa dk vfu.kZ; vkSj ewY; fu/kZj.k&vizR;{k dj

vfuf.kZr ekeyksa dh la[;k (gtkj esa) vfuf.kZr ekeyksa dk ewY; (yk[k esa)

lzksr% leh{kk x.kuk


vuqca/ 15% foHkkxh; ekeyksa dh liQyrk nj&izR;{k djfoHkkxh; ekeyksa dh liQyrk vkbZVh,Vh&izR;{k dj foHkkxh; ekeyksa dh liQyrk ,plh&izR;{k dj

foHkkxh; ekeyksa dh liQyrk mPpre U;k;ky; &izR;{k dj

foHkkxh; eqdnesackth dh liQyrk&vizR;{k dj

vuqca/ 16% foHkkx ;kfpdk njsa

;kfpdk nj&foHkkx (izR;{kdj) 2008&16 izfr'krkad esa

;kfpdk nj&foHkkx (izR;{kdj) 2008&16 izfr'krkad esa

lzksr% leh{kk ifjdyu


vuqca/ 17 ftyk U;k;ky;ksa esa ekeyksa dk fLFkrokj C;kSjk

43%

3.7%

1.9%

12.7%

18.4%

1.0%

1.4%

5.7%

4.8%

7.7%

16.2%

7.3%

0.5%

2.5%

5.6%

3.5%

17.7%

0.9%

1.4%

15.9%

28.1%

0.6%

16.1%

20.8%

0.4%

7.4%

1.7%

1.2%

17.6%

2.0%

3.2%

8.9%

19.9%

0.8%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Hearing on Injunctions/Interim Applications (if any)

Cannot be Ascertained

Filing of suit

Final Order/Judgment/Decree

Ex-Parte, Ad Interim Injunction Application and Hearing (if any)

Arguments

Evidence — Examination, Cross-Examination and Re-Examination

ADR (Including Failure of ADR) Including Lok Adalat

Framing of Issues

Written Statement by Defendant/Set Off/Counter Claim/Objections

Steps for Service of Summons and Notices including Requisition of Records

Appearance of Defendant/Addmission

Percentage Hearings Percentage Time (days) Adjournments

lzksr% n{k

* n{k ds vkadM+s] ,utsMhlh@bZ&dksVZl osclkbV }kjk ml izR;sd rkjh[k ftlds fy, dksbZ ekeyk lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr dh xbZ lwpuk dks ,d lkFk feykrk gSA mu pj.kksa] ftlls dksbZ ,d dsl xqtjrk gS ls lacaf/r vkadM+ksa esa ,d :irk dh deh ds dkj.k dksbZ fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, fHkUurkvksa esa lkeatL; djuk visf{kr gSA bl laca/ esa] bl mu izeq[k pj.kksa ds ckjs esa irk djus ds fy,] ftuls dksbZ ekeyk xqtjrk gS] flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 ,oa naM izfØ;k lafgrk] 1973 dks ns[kk x;k FkkA mPp U;k;ky;ksa }kjk viuk, x, fofHkUu izdkj ds dsl&izokg&izca/u fu;eksa dk Hkh bl mís'; gsrq iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA rFkkfi] ,utsMhth@bZ&dksVZ~l dh osclkbV ij dqN ,ssls pj.k Hkh Fks ftudk mfpr :i ls [kkdk rS;kj ugha fd;k tk ldk Fkk] vr% bUgsa ^Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk* ds :i esa Js.khc¼ fd;k x;k gSA


vuqca/ 18% vk;dj vihyh; izkf/dj.k dh laLFkkiuk] fuiVku vkSj yafcr vfu.kZ; (yk[k esa)

lzksr% vk;dj vihyh; izkf/dj.k

vuqca/ 19% lfpoksa dh lfefr ds fnukad 23-12-2016 ds vkns'k }kjk xfBr ljdkjh dk;Zcy }kjk vuq'kaflr fo/k;h mik;%

(d) ukxfjd izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 esa la'kks/u

(i) okf.kfT;d U;k;ky; vf/fu;e esa vf/fu;e dh vuqlwph 1 ds lkFk ifBr /kjk 16 dh enn nj ls vf/fu;e ds vf/dkj {ks=k esa vkus okys ekeyksa ij dk;Zokgh djus ds iz;kstu ls lhihlh esa la'kks/u dj fn, gaSA bu la'kks/uksa ds dkj.k lhihlh esa Hkkjh ifjorZu gq, gSa tSlsfd ykxr vkjksfir djuk] izdVu vkSj fujh{k.k ds ekunaM] ekeyk izca/u laca/h lquokbZ] rRdky fu.kZ; vkSj okf.kfT;d ekeyksa ds le;c¼ fuiVku ds fy, vU; izko/kuA

(ii) lhihlh ds okf.kfT;d U;k;ky; vf/fu;e dh vuqlwph 1 esa fufnZ"V la'kks/uksa dks viukus ds fy, la'kksf/r fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks fookn esa fufgr ewY; ij è;ku u nsrs gq, ns'k esa lHkh [email protected];d vnkyrh ekeyksa ds fy, vko';d gks O;ogkjksaA blh ckr dh fliQkfj'k fof/ vk;ksx }kjk bldh 253oh fjiksVZ (Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Court and Commercial Court Bill, 2015 esa dh xbZ Fkh)

([k) mPp U;k;ky; fu;ekoyh@mPp U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr esa la'kks/u rkfd ftyk Lrj ij okf.kfT;d U;k;ky;ksa dks 1 djksM+ #- ls de ds ekeyksa ds fy, vf/lwfpr fd;k tk ldsA

(i) lhchlh dh /kjk 122 mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa nhokuh vnkyrksa ds fy, fu;e cukus dh 'kfDr nsrh gSA mPp U;k;ky; 1 djksM+ #- ds ewY; ls de ds okf.kfT;d ekeyksa ds fuiVku ds fy, dfri; ftyk U;k;ky;ksa dks okf.kfT;d U;k;ky;ksa ds :i esa ukeksfn"V@vf/lwfpr dj ldrkA

(ii) bl laca/ esa mPp U;k;ky;] ftyk U;k;ky; }kjk ,sls okf.kfT;d ekeyksa ds vf/fu.kZ;u dh izfØ;k ds fu;e cuk ldrk gSA dkfeZd@yksd f'kdk;r@fof/ ,oa U;k; ds laca/ esa foHkkx dh LFkk;h lalnh; lfefr us viuh 78oha fjiksVZ esa fliQkfj'k dh Fkh fd mPp U;k;ky; ekeys dh izfØ;k fu/kZfjr djus vkSj ykxr izcaèku ds fy, ftEesnkj gksus pkfg,A


(x) fofufnZ"V ewY; lq/kj gsrq okf.kfT;d U;k;ky; vf/fu;e esa la'kks/u

(i) orZeku esa] okf.kfT;d U;k;ky; vf/fu;e ek=k ` 1 djksM+ vFkok mlls vf/d jkf'k ds eqdneksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA vf/fu;e dks laHkor% fofufnZ"V ewY; dh jkf'k lq/kj gsrq la'kksf/r fd;k x;kA

vuqca/ 20% ewy i{k rFkk dqy vfu.kZ;% izokg & (mPp U;k;ky;] fnYyh] gtkjksa esa)

lzksr% pkj mPp U;k;ky;ksa ds vkadM+s

vuqca/ 21% iz'u ftuds fy, Hkkjr dks izfrdwy izfrfØ;k izkIr gqbZ

iz'u mÙkj

D;k bu le; ekudksa dk 50 izfr'kr ls Hkh vf/d eqdneksa esa ikyu fd;k x;k\ ugha

D;k vf/dre fn, tkus okys LFkxuksa dh vf/dre la[;k dks dkuwu fofu;fer djrk gS\ gk¡

D;k LFkxu vkdfLed rFkk fof'k"V ifjfLFkfr;ksa rd gh lhfer gS\ ugha

vxj LFkxu ls lacaf/r fu;e gSa rks D;k 50 izfr'kr ls Hkh vf/d eqdneksa esa mudk ikyu fd;k x;k\ ugha

;fn LFkxu laca/h fu;e fo|eku gS rks os 50 izfr'kr ls vf/d ekeyksa esa ykxw gksrs gSa\ ugha

D;k U;k;k/h'kksa }kjk mi;ksx djus ds fy, l{ke vnkyrksa esa dksbZ bysDVªksfud ekeyk izca/u iz.kkyh ekStwn gS\ ugha

D;k vf/oDrkvksa }kjk mi;ksx djus ds fy, l{ke vnkyrksa esa dksbZ bysDVªksfud ekeyk izca/u iz.kkyh ekStwn gS\ ugha

D;k ,d l{ke U;k;ky; esa fo'ks"k iz;kstu ds fy, rS;kj fd, x, IysViQkeZ ds ekè;e ls bysDVªksfudh :i ls izkjafHkd f'kdk;r ntZ dh tk ldrh gS\

ugha

D;k l{ke vnkyr ds le{k nkoksa dks bysDVªksfudh izfØ;k ds :i ls fy;k tkuk laHko gS\ ugha

D;k eè;Fkrk vFkok vuqjatu ds ekè;e ls le>kSrk djus ds fy, iz;kl djus okys i{kksa ds fy, dksbZ foÙkh; izks-Rlkgu miyC/ gS\ (;fn eè;LFkrk vFkok le>kSrk liQy gks tkrk gS rks vnkyrh 'kqYd dh okilh] vk;dj ØsfMV vFkok bl izdkj dk vU; izksRlkgu)

ugha

lzksr% fo'o cSad dh lqxe O;kikj uhfr fjiksVZ

[k.M I · 2 | vkfFkZd leh{kk 2017-18 [k.M 1 vkj,eth CySaMM dkWVu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj 9.5% - 9.5% 9.5% 3.0% 12.5% vkj,eth Åu vkSj ekuo fufeZr iQkbcj 8.5% - 8.5% 8.7% 3.1% 11.8%

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