K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering Lecture 4 Conceptual System Design & Introduction to Functional Allocation ISE 222 Spring 2005 Notes & Course Materials www.engr.sjsu.edu/kcorker [email protected]Kevin Corker San Jose State University 2/10/05
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K.M. Corker, Ph.D.Industrial & Systems Engineering Lecture 4 Conceptual System Design & Introduction to Functional Allocation ISE 222 Spring 2005 Notes.
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K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Lecture 4 Conceptual System Design & Introduction to
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Agenda
• Review System ID Scope and Bound Process
• Complete the IDEF and action based costing
• Preliminary Design Review Process• Introduction to Human Factors • Review Homework (with individuals and
teams)
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Identification of Need
• Gap • New Techniques• New System Requirements added • System Requirements Change Priority • Political Views Shift • …
• Involve the customer– unless the customer has changed as well
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
System Definition Matrix:National Identity Confirmation Process
Needs Objt Criteria Params Var Constrnt
Scope Bound
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
National Identity Confirmation ProcessNeeds
• Ability to determine the identity of individuals in this country– quickly – at any place or time – to assure accuracy of identity information – to assure privacy and security of individual’s
identity
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
National Identity Confirmation ProcessObjectives
• To institute a national identification process– Portable and reliable
• To provide appropriate authorities with information:
• Name• Address• Visa/citizenship status• Criminal Information • Health Information • Contact and NOK (next of
kin) Information • Tracking??? • …
• Able to be carried on or in person– whgt,< 4 oz– Volume < 2 cubic centimeters
• Able to be accessed by pedestrian, automotive, or desk based systems
• Able to link to national information sources– Wireless access range– Access queue management– Bandwidth
Criteria
Paramete
rs
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
To provide appropriate authorities with information:
Objectives• Easy access
– Time to access– Encumbrance fro access– Voluntary or not access process– Validation of data…
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
National Identity Confirmation ProcessObjectives
• To secure ID from tampering or duplication
• To secure ID from un authorized access
• To keep all information current
• Sealed no remote access
• Access limited • Update Rate
compatible with National Standards– Update per week??
Criteria
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Alternatives
• A1: Hand carried ID with federal specification and on board storage
• A2: Bio-referenced ID for identity with link to data store for other information
• A3: Implanted RF-ID with data on board and with link to data store for other information
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Cost %
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Prop Life Support Safety Quality
Cost %
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
cumm percentage
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
Prop Life Support Safety Quality
Series1
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Steps/Perspectives for System EngineeringAnalysis
• System Analysis – Identification of the impacts and consequences
of alternative approaches to system solution– Identification of the quality, market, reliability,
cost, effectiveness, benefits, longevity, aesthetics… of alternative system solutions
• Iterative Refinement of Alternatives– Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter
Identification
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Supportability
• Inherent Characteristics of system design & installation that enable efficient maintenance and support of the system
• Prime Elements:– Design Reliability Quality and Maintenance
• Maintenance Infrastructure– Maintenance – Training– Supply chain support – Equipment – Packaging – Faculties– Technical Data
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Preliminary Design Review (due 2/17)
• Identify design & alternatives (at least 2) – for functional capability – support reliability – allow for maintainability– Usability & safety – Support for service
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Human Factors Introduction
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
etc. • Physical Measurement, information theory and neuromotor accuracy
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Human Performance Models
• What are they? • Expressions of relationships that either describe
(descriptive) or predict (normative) human behavior across a range of environments or contexts
• Specifics: • Perceptual Models, Information Processing
Models, Motor Behavior Models, Decision Models, Framework Models, Unified Models….
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Percept: 100 msec
Working Memory
200 ms 1500
7-17 letters 5 letters
LTM
70 ms
Motor Response
70 msec
Cognate
70 msec /cycle
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
INFORMATION MEASUREMENT
• Information : property of messages and data or other evidence that reduces one’s uncertainty about the true state of the world.
• Let x represent a hypothesis about the state of the world
• Let y represent the observation that has a relation to x• I(x:y) is the relation of the observation to the state of the world
• I(x:y) should be a function of the prior probability of x before y is observed and the posterior probability of x after y was observed: F[ p(x), p(x|y)]
= log2 P(x|y)/p(x)
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Information Qualification
Input
Loss
Noise
Output
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
Information Qualification
Input
Loss
Noise
Output
H(x)
H
T(x,y) H(y)
What Effect does redundancy have on total information transmission?
C (bits/sec) = bandwidth log2 (signal/noise+1)
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
H(x) H(x|y)
H(y|x)
H(y)
H(x) = pi log2 pi
For equi-probable events
H(x) = p(xi)[ log2(1/p(xi))]
For differently probable events
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bits 1 2 2.58 3
Reaction Time
RT = a + b H(x)
where H(x) = log2(n)
.2 sec
.4 sec
.6 sec
.8 sec
Hick’s Law
K.M. Corker, Ph.D. Industrial & Systems Engineering