Kings Norton_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Kings Norton Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT - Kings Norton.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward

• Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and

• Suggest future area/ factors for extended research

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

Any further Information

Telephone 0121 465 2995 / 2999 or

Email : [email protected]


Summary

• Electoral ward Kings Norton is in the boundary of NHS South Birmingham

• Kings Norton accounted for 2.29% of Birmingham’s population in 2006

• The age split of ward is predominantly children and young people at 26.94%

• Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (6.7%) is lower than national average (11.3%) overall but lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 0.002% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001.

• Kings Norton is the 15th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 reflects:

o Life expectancy in Kings Norton is at 74.1 for men, 80.5 for women in the year 2005/07

o Male life expectancy has increased by 2%. The gap between Kings Norton and England has widened by 80% (1.6 years) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o Female life expectancy has increased by 3.9%. The gap between Kings Norton and England has shortened by 23.5% (0.4 years) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o Infant Mortality Rates have dropped by 20.3% since 99/01, alongside the rate for the most deprived wards which has also dropped

o Circulatory diseases (31.26%), Cancers (23.18%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (15.71%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward.

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 reflects:

o It has national levels of obese o 1.8 percentage points binge drink less o 8.1 percentage points smoke more


1 Local context: demographics and deprivation This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Kings Norton to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.

1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Kings Norton is estimated to be 23,089. This represents 2.29% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 47.5% (10,974) are male and 52.5% are female (12,115). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

789

673

800

818

769

752

758

872

815

721

681

847

636

513

455

413

404

791

796

722

832

633

725

652

803

821

694

621

776

586

498

404

276

199

1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Kings Norton 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 26.94% (6,221) of the Kings Norton population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 16.05% (3,706).

• The age structure of the ward indicates that it has 4.89 percentages points more for 0 - 19s than Birmingham; additionally there are 5.41 percentage points more over 65s than the city. Figure 1.1 shows that the age split is fairly consistent across the whole age range.


1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity has some influences in terms what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target health vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Kings Norton population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column show the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally.

• Less than a tenth (6.7%) of the population are non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 0.26%, Indian 0.53% and Black Caribbean 1.86%.

• The BME (6.7%) is lower than Birmingham (32.7%), and less than England (11.3%).

• White ethnicity (93.3%) is higher than national and city levels.

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Kings Norton (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Kings Norton Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 93.3 21.9 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 1.0 0.2 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 2.6 0.6 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 2.9 0.7 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 0.2 0.1 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 23.5 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Kings Norton is the 15th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 35.371.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in Kings Norton by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Kings Norton is in the second, third and fourth most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

Ward Area

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

6.317 3625 2178

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Kings Norton by IMD quintile, 2007

Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of life style indicators in Kings Norton in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy life style behaviours from the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with Birmingham average, Kings Norton has a lower percentage of people who binge drink (1.8 percentage points lower). The same proportion are obese and more smoke (8.1 percentage points higher)

• Compared with the national average, a smaller percentage of people living in Kings Norton eat healthily (9.5 percentage point lower).

• Table 1.3 shows that obesity amongst adults in Kings Norton needs to be investigated further and comparisons may be drawn the lower rates of adults eating healthily. Further investigation is also warranted on the high percentage of adults who smoke.

Table 1.2 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Kings Norton, Birmingham and England

Year Kings Norton Birmingham England

Adults who smoke 2003/5 33% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/ 2005 16% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/ 2005 15.6% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/ 2005 23.4% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


2 Life expectancy trend Life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population; and there is evidence. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Kings Norton from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Figure 2.1 shows evidence that whilst male life expectancy has increased in Kings Norton over the ten years since 1995. However, life expectancy for men is lower than national and city levels and therefore strategies need to be developed to increase the rate for men in Kings Norton.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Kings Norton, Birmingham & England

66.0

68.0

70.0

72.0

74.0

76.0

78.0

80.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Kings Norton M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Kings Norton, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy in Kings Norton from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Figure 2.2 shows that by 2007 female life expectancy in Kings Norton is better than its earlier rate but still below city and national levels. Strategies need to be developed to improve this situation.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Kings Norton, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Kings Norton Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Kings Norton, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

As illustrated in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2, life expectancy for both males and females has increased. Life expectancy in Kings Norton is lower than City and national averages. The gap for female life expectancy between Kings Norton and England has shortened whilst the gap for men has widened. In conclusion:

• Male life expectancy has increased by 2% (1.47 years, from 72.6 years in 1997 to 74.1 years by 2007).

• The gap of male life expectancy between Kings Norton and England has widened by 1.6 year from 2.0 years to 3.6years, which means an increase of 80%.

• Female life expectancy has increased by 3.9% (3.03 years, from 77.4 years in 1997 to 80.5 years by 2007).

• The gap of female life expectancy between Kings Norton and England has shortened by 0.4 year from 1.7 years to 1.3 years).


2.1 Infant mortality In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births. Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Kings Norton, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007.

Kings Norton Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Kings Norton

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Kings Norton Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR is fifth higher than that of England; whilst that in the most deprived quintile is about two folds of England.

• From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR has dropped by 20%. Along with that of Birmingham’s IMR which has decreased.

• The gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Kings Norton has dropped from 4.1 to 3.8 mostly due to improvements in the IMR for most deprived quintiles SOAs.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between Kings Norton and England has decreased from 1.8 to 1.1 (38.9%).


3 Local focus

This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.

3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into in this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Kings Norton.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 70.2% of the overall DSR. This percentage is consistent with both city and local PCT level which vary from 72% to 82%

Table 3.1 Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Kings Norton, 2005-2007

DSR % out of all causes rate*

All Causes 754.57

All Cancers 174.92 23.18%

All Circulatory Diseases 235.86 31.26%

Coronary Heart Disease 118.56 15.71%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development


Kings Norton_LE_Ward_Profile

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