Kingdom Protista Kingdom Protista
Jan 04, 2016
Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista
What is a Protist?What is a Protist? unicellular or multicellularunicellular or multicellular anything except plants, anything except plants,
animals, or fungianimals, or fungi 65,000 species65,000 speciesAutotrophs, heterotrophs, Autotrophs, heterotrophs,
or bothor both
What is a Protist?What is a Protist? classified according to the classified according to the
way they moveway they moveFound in freshwater, Found in freshwater,
marine, and moist habitatsmarine, and moist habitats many are free living but many are free living but
some are parasiticsome are parasitic
Protist ReproductionProtist Reproduction
1.1. Most reproduce asexually Most reproduce asexually by binary fissionby binary fission
2.2. Some species reproduce Some species reproduce sexually by conjugationsexually by conjugation
Protist ClassificationProtist Classification
3 categories1.animal-like2.Fungus-like3.Plant-like
Protist ClassificationProtist Classification
4 phyla based on movement1. Sarcodina2. Ciliophora3. Zoomastigina4. Sporozoa
Phylum Sarcodina
Move and obtain food via pseudopods (false feet)
Phylum Sarcodina
called sarcodines Found in freshwater, marine, &
moist soil habitats reproduce by binary fission No definite shape EX. Amoeba amoebic dysentery – spread
through contaminated water
Phylum Sarcodina
Amoeba Video
Phylum Sarcodina
Paramecium Video
Amoeba pseudopodia engulfing a paramecium
Phylum CiliphoraPhylum Ciliphora
Largest group; called ciliatesMove by ciliaCilia short hairlike projections used to move, get food, and senses
Mostly freshwater; some marine
Phylum Ciliphora
Reproduce sexually or asexually
Paramecium is best example
Phylum Zoomastigina
Called zooflagellatesCalled zooflagellates Move by flagellaMove by flagella
FlagellaFlagella long whiplike long whiplike structures to movestructures to move
Freshwater or marineFreshwater or marine Usually live inside other Usually live inside other
organisms – contaminated waterorganisms – contaminated water
Phylum Phylum ZoomastiginaZoomastigina
Some are parasites – trypanosome, causes African sleeping sickness
Spread by the bite of the tsetse fly
Phylum Zoomastigina
some are some are mutalistic mutalistic
Mutalistic—> Mutalistic—> symbiotic symbiotic relationship where relationship where both organisms both organisms benefitbenefit
TrichonymphaTrichonympha lives lives inside termites & inside termites & digests cellulose digests cellulose
Phylum Sporozoa
Called sporozoans - parasitesCalled sporozoans - parasites Form sporesForm spores
sporespore reproductive structure reproductive structure adapted for dispersionadapted for dispersion
Don’t move; carried from one Don’t move; carried from one host to anotherhost to another
Live in the body fluids of hosts Live in the body fluids of hosts
Phylum Sporozoa
Malaria – caused by the Malaria – caused by the plasmodium sporozoan plasmodium sporozoan
Carries by the female Carries by the female anopheles mosquitoanopheles mosquito
#1 killer worldwide#1 killer worldwide Every 30 seconds, child dies of Every 30 seconds, child dies of
malariamalaria
Plant like ProtistsPlant like Protists
algae autotrophsMostly unicellularUnicellular to very largeProduce most of the oxygen on earth - photosynthesis
Plant like ProtistsPlant like Protists Used to make a
variety of products As a thickening
agent in puddings, ice cream
Used as food for animals (processed)
DiatomsDiatoms Important food source Important food source
in oceansin oceans Shells are made of Shells are made of
silica – used to make silica – used to make glassglass
Form diatomaceous Form diatomaceous earthearth
diatomaceous earthdiatomaceous earth abrasive and used in abrasive and used in detergents, detergents, toothpaste, toothpaste, insecticides, etc. insecticides, etc.
A Diatom devours a Paramecium
Dinoflagellates
90% marineBioluminescence – produce light
Poisonous red tides which can be harmful to shellfish
Red TidesRed Tides
EuglenaEuglena
FreshwaterAnimal and
plant like – contains chloroplasts
Fungus like ProtistsFungus like Protists
Heterotrophs and have cell walls
Reproduce by sporesdecomposersNot a fungus because they can move at some point
EX. mildew and water molds
Water mold on dead Water mold on dead larvae?larvae?
IMPORTANCE OF PROTISTS
ECOLOGICAL ROLES Provide an essential food base in aquatic
food chains Carry out more than 30-40% of Earth’s
photosynthesis Protozoans help keep the number of
bacteria in check
Kingdom Fungi
What is a Fungus?
multicellular heterotrophs live on dead organisms - saprophyte
decompose and recycle nutrients
Reproduce by spores
What is a What is a Fungus?Fungus?
Grow in warm, moist Grow in warm, moist environmentsenvironments
yeast, mushrooms, and yeast, mushrooms, and moldsmolds
Fungus Parts1. Hyphae thin cells of a
fungus Grow into food and secrete
digestive chemicals into it2. Mycelium many hyphae
tangled together – the body
Fungus PartsFungus Parts
3. Fruiting body part that you see growing from the soil
Reproductive structure -contains the spores
Fungus PartsFungus Parts
Fungus PartsFungus Parts
How are Fungi spread?How are Fungi spread?
Spores can be Spores can be dispersed mostly by dispersed mostly by wind, but also by rain wind, but also by rain drops, animals, drops, animals, insects, waterinsects, water
Sporangia mold
Eyelash Fungus
Bread MoldBread Mold
Puffball mushroom Puffball mushroom releasing sporesreleasing spores
Fungal DiseasesFungal Diseases
Many are Many are harmless and harmless and easy to treateasy to treat
fusariumfusarium serious fungal serious fungal infection of infection of the cornea the cornea
Fungal DiseasesFungal Diseases
RingwormRingworm affects affects the skin; usually the the skin; usually the scalpscalp
Athelete’s footAthelete’s foot tinea tinea infection between the infection between the toestoes
Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot
RingwormRingworm
RingwormRingworm