Kingdom Plantae Chapter 22. Plants are divided into 2 categories: Vascular – have internal tissues to conduct nutrients and water. Nonvascular - do not.

Kingdom Plantae

Chapter 22

Plants are divided into 2 categories:

Vascular – have internal tissues to conduct nutrients and water.

Nonvascular - do not have internal tissues to conduct nutrients and water.

Overview – 295,000+ species

Photoautotrophs and a few photoheterotrophs.

Plants are producers for the ecosystem.

Stages of a plants lifecycle:

The haploid phase is referred to as gametophyte because it is a gamete producing body.

The gametes combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

The diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte because it produces haploid spores.

These spores later divides and gives rise to gametophytes.

Bryophytes – non vascular plants

Less than 20 cm tall Have leaf-like, stem-like, and root-

like parts They can dry out and then revive

after absorbing moisture. Have rhizoids

Mosses Liverworts

Bryophyte examples cont…

Hornwort

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk Ferns (Psilophyta)

Have rhizomes to hold them to the ground and absorb nutrients.

Lycophyta – Club Mosses Years ago

these included tree size members of swamp forests.

Today there are about 1,100 tiny species.

Lycophyte Forest Model

Sphenophyta – Horsetails

About 25 species exist today.

Live in vacant lots, roadsides, and other disrupted habitats.

Pterophyta – Ferns (12,000 sp)

Most are native to tropical areas, but they are also popular houseplants.

Can range in size from 1cm across to 25 meters tall.

Fern Spores

The leaves are called fronds. On the lower part of the frond leaflets there are small rust colored patches called sori (sorus), which are responsible for producing spores.

Rise of Seed Bearing PlantsThere are two groups of seed

bearing plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Microspores develop into pollen grains

Megaspores develop into eggs (ovules) that will get fertilized within the ovary to become seeds.

Pollination is the arrival of pollen on the female reproductive organ

Pollen and ovule combine during fertilization to make a seed (embryo)

Gymnosperms – Seed bearing plants

Conifers – woody trees or shrubs that produce needle-like leaves and have seeds exposed on cone scales.

Most conifers are evergreen – they shed a few leaves all year, but some are deciduous – they shed all of their leaves in cold weather.

The most abundant – pine trees, Tallest – redwoods, Oldest – Bristlecone pine.

Gingko

They were very diverse in dinosaur times.

Only surviving species is the Gingko biloba. They are deciduous.

Gnetophyta

Gnetum trees have leathery leaves and exist in the humid tropics. Ephedra thrives in California deserts and other arid regions.

Angiosperms Produce specialized reproductive

structures called flowers. Angeion refers to the female

reproductive parts at the center of the flower.

The enlarged base of the vessel is the ovary where ovules and seeds develop.

At least 260,000 species live in a variety of habitats.

They are divided into two categories: Monocots and Dicots

180,000 dicots most are herbaceous (nonwoody). Cabbages and daisies, flowering shrubs and trees, water lilies and cacti.

80,000 species of monocots. Orchids, palms, lilies, grasses, and highly valuable crop plants.

Trait Dicots Monocots

EmbryoTwo cotyledons (seed

leaves)One cotyledon (seed

leaf)

Flowers Parts in 4 / 5 Parts in 3x

Roots Taproot Fibrous

Leaf Veins Net Parallel

Works Cited http://smccd.net/accounts/case/biol215/img/altern_gen1.gif http://www.botany.ubc.ca/bryophyte/shona_urban_concrete1_crop2.jpg http://www.erin.utoronto.ca/~w3env100y/env/ENV100/sci/eco_gifs/liver

wort.jpg http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bryophytes/Anthocerophyta/Hor

nwort_w_sporophytes.low.jpg http://www.grand-bahama.com/GBimages/whisk%20fern2.jpg www.paghat.com/images/ clubmosscyclashell_mar.jpg www.anselm.edu/.../ genbios/29-21x2-Horsetail.jpg http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/sori.jpg www.ct-botanical-society.org/ ferns/fernpics/ http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg www.stanford.edu/.../ antiox/f_k01ginkgo.jpg

universe-review.ca/R10-34-anatomy2.htm

http://share3.esd105.wednet.edu/rsandelin/NWnature/2006/Photos/Bee.jpg

http://www.crexmeadows.org/_derived/past_insects_of_the_week.htm_txt_Monarch.gif

http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/images/rubythroat/ruby-throated_hummingbird_lg.jpg

http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/a-b/bat_LLN_TuttleBCI02.jpg