Kingdom: Fungi “mushrooms and molds” z Evolved over 600 mya zMainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds from dead organic material and return C and.

Kingdom: Fungi “mushrooms and molds”

Evolved over 600 myaMainly saprobes - break down carbon

compounds from dead organic material and return C and other minerals back to nature.


Mainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds from dead organic material and return C and other minerals back to nature.

Some mutualistic with plants and algae. Lichen

Mycorrhiza



Some mutualistic with plants and algae.Some are parasitic. Pathogenic:

ringwormathlete’s footCandidaCorn smut



Some mutualistic with plants and algae.

Some are parasitic. pathogenic

Some are partial predators.


Evolved from a Protist ancestor >600 mya

Fungi Protist Ancestor Animals

Plants

Characteristics of Fungi

1. Heterotrophic with absorptive nutrition.

Mycelium - large mass of hyphae. Multinucleated SA/V

Characteristics of Fungi

1. Heterotrophic with absorptive nutrition.

2. Cell walls of chitin - complex polysaccharide (N).

3. All Fungi produce spores. (Asexual)

4. Reproduce sexually in a variety of ways. (Fungi imperfecti are a diverse group of fungi are only known to reproduce asexually.)

5. Tolerance for highly hypertonic environments and extreme cold & hot environments.

Diversity in Fungi

Deuteromycota “Deuteromycetes” - paraphyletic

Phylum: Chytridiomycota “Chytrids”

1. Aquatic (mostly fresh water or moist soil) 2. Either parasitic or saprobic. 3. Male and female gametangea (n) are produced at

the tip of hyphae (2n) in sexual reproduction. Meiosis --> haploid

haploid gametes (n) female & male both flagellated

female produces pheromone


Haploid gametes (n)

female & male both flagellated

female produces pheromone

gametes fuse to produce zygote (2n)

Mitosis gives rise to (2n) organism

flagelated zoospores (2n) are produced - land on food source grow hyphae and produce gametangia


1. Aquatic (mostly fresh water or moist soil)

2. Either parasitic or saprobic.

3. Male and female gametangea are produced at the tip of hyphae in sexual reproduction. Haploid ……….

4. Chytrids are the only Phylum of Fungi that have motile (flagellated) cells!

5. Do not have dikaryotic hyphae.

Phylum: Zygomycota

1. Have coenocytic hyphae (n) only. Release pheromones

2. No motile cells. 3. Zygote is the only true diploid cell. Zygospores

(2n)

Phylum: Zygomycota

1. Most have coenocytic hyphae (n) – no septa. Release pheromones.

2. No motile cells. 3. Zygote is the only true diploid cell. Mitosis----> Zygospores (2n) 4. Zygospores--meiosis--> Haploid stalked

sporangium(n)--> haploid (n) spores--> no septate hyphae. “black bread mold” Rhizopus stolonifer

most mycorrhiza

Phylum: Ascomycota

1. Many are unicellular and reproduce by budding - asexual (n) or (2n)

(Baker’s and Brewer’s yeast)

2. Some coenocytic with septa. Fusion of different (n) mating type cells--> Dikaryon - ascus - zygote (2n)--> --> meiosis--> ascospore (n) formation (sexual)

Phylum: Ascomycota

3. Conidia (n) form at tips of multnucleated hyphae (n) – asexual --> spores (n) “Euascomycetes”

Phylum: Ascomycota

4. Multinucleated forms may have dikaryon (heterkaryon) hyphae 1n + 1n. Molds Neurospora “pink mold” Penicillium “green mold” “chestnut blight” & “Dutch Elm Disease” “truffles” “morels”

Phylum: Ascomycota

“Euascomycetes” multicellular formsTightly woven mycelium

Phylum: Basidiomycota

1. Elaborate Fruiting structures. “bracket fungi”


1. Elaborate Fruiting structures.

2. Most have septate hyphae (pores).


1. Elaborate Fruiting structures.2. All have septate hyphae (pores).3. All have basidia - swollen cells at the

tips of hyphae for sexual reproduction.4. Have dikaryotic hyphae.

Basidiomycota

Agaricus Sp, Su, F Meadow Mushrooms

Basidiomycota

Calvatia, Lycoperdon Puffballs Sp, Su, F

Basidiomycota

Pleurotus Oyster Mushroom

Sp, Su, F

Hericium Beard Tooth Su, F

Basidiomycota

Coprinus Shaggy Manes Sp, Su, F

Clavariaceae Coral Fungi Su, F

Basidiomycota

Cantharellus Chanterelles Su, F

Boletes Su, F

Basidiomycota

Laetiporus Sulfur Shelf Su, F

Grifola Hen of the Woods Su, F

Basidiomycota

Amanita Fly Agaric Su, F

Amanita Destroying Angel Su, F

Basidiomycota

Amanita Yellow Fly Agaric Su,F

Amanita

Basidiomycota

Galerina Little Browns Sp, Su,F

Gyromitra False More Sp, Su

MMH

Basidiomycota

Chlorophyllum Green-Spored Lepiota Sp, Su, F

Omphalotus Jack -O’-Lantern Sp, Su, F

MMH

Chanterelles

Jack-O’ Lanterns

Earth Stars

Devil’s Urn

Stinkhorns

Shangy Manes, Inky Caps

Bird’d Nest Fungi

Ear Fungi

Jellies

Turkey’s Tail

Ascomycota

Scarcoscypha Scarlet Cup Fungi Sp, Su

Ascomycota

Sp

Yellow Morel

False Morel

Kingdom: Fungi “mushrooms and molds” z Evolved over 600 mya zMainly saprobes - break down carbon compounds from dead organic material and return C and.

Documents