KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomesclasspages.warnerpacific.edu/BDuPriest/BIO 102/Lecture 7 Animalia... · KINGDOM ANIMALIA: The Deuterostomes . chordates ... Deuterostomes arthropods

KINGDOM ANIMALIA:

The Deuterostomes

chordates

echinoderms

Deuterostomes

arthropods

tardigrades Ecdysozoa

roundworms

Protostomes rotifers

mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids

flatworms

Animals with a 3-layer embryo

cnidarians Animals with tissues

sponges

placozoans Animals

Animal Diversity

2

Fig. 25-7b, p. 407

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

DEUTEROSTOME COELOMATES

3

Phylum Echinodermata

Echinoderm = “spiny skin”

~10,000 species (mostly marine)

Examples

Sea star, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar

DEUTEROSTOMES

4

Characteristics

5 part body plan

Symmetry (most)

Larvae bilateral

Adult “radial”

Water vascular system

Movement

Echinoderms

5

Water Vascular System

6

chordates

echinoderms

Deuterostomes

arthropods

tardigrades Ecdysozoa

roundworms

Protostomes rotifers

mollusks Lophotrochozoa annelids

flatworms

Animals with a 3-layer embryo

cnidarians Animals with tissues

sponges

placozoans Animals

Animal Diversity

7

Fig. 25-7b, p. 407

~50,000 species

4 common features

Notochord

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Pharyngeal slits

Post anal tail

Other common characteristics

Bilateral

Coelomate

Cephalization

Complete digestive system

Closed circulatory system

PHYLUM CHORDATA

8

Vertebrates & invertebrate species

Invertebrate chordates

No backbone

~2,100 species

Vertebrate chordates

Backbone of cartilage or bone

Brain enclosed in skull

Chordates

9

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets (Amphioxis)

Scaleless, fish-like

Notochord extends to front of

head

Invertebrate Chordates

11

Subphylum Urochordata

Tunicates (Sea Squirts)

Motile larvae, sessile adults

Invertebrate Chordates

12

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

Jawless Jawed

Cartilage Skeleton Bony Skeleton

Ray-finned Lobe-finned

FISH

14

Hagfish

Predators, scavengers

Predators, scavengers

Characteristics

Jawless

Cartilage skeleton

Unpaired fins

No backbone!

Craniate Invertebrate

15

Lampreys

Predators

(almost parasites)

Characteristics

Jawless

Cartilage skeleton

Unpaired fins

Have a backbone!

Jawless Vertebrate

16

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

“Cartilage fish”

Examples

Sharks, skates, rays

Characteristics

Jaws

Teeth not fused to jaw

Cartilage skeleton

Calcified

Gill slits separate &

exposed

Class Chondrichthyes

18

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

Ray-finned fish (“ray-wing”)

Most fish species

Examples

Trout, salmon, etc.

Characteristics

Jaws

Skeleton of bone

Swim bladders (most)

Paired fins

Single gill opening (operculum)

Bony fishes

20

Bony Fish Body Plan

21

Lobed-finned fish (“flesh-wing”)

General characteristics like bony-fish

Ventral fins (paired) formed from fleshy body

extensions

Example: coelacanth

Lungfish

Other bony fish

23

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

“Double-life” ~5,700 species

Examples

Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders

Characteristics

Reproduction tied to water

Respiration: lungs, gills and/or skin

Moist glandular skin

3-chambered heart

Ectotherms

Class Amphibia

25

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

Fig. 26-16c, p. 442

snakes

lizards

“stem”

reptiles tuataras

ichthyosaurs

plesiosaurs

birds

therapod

dinosaurs

other dinosaurs

pterosaurs archosaurs

crocodilians

turtles

therapsids anapsids

synapsids mammals

PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA

TERTIARY

TO

PRESENT

CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN TRIASSIC JURASSIC CRETACEOUS

“To creep”

~ 8,000 species

Examples

Snakes, lizards,

turtles, crocodiles &

alligators

Characteristics

Dry skin

Scales

Ectotherms

Amniotic egg

Class Reptilia

28

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

Examples

Birds

10,000 species

Characteristics

Feathers

Modified forelimbs (wings)

Leg scales

“Hollow” bones

Endotherms

Amniotic egg (calcareous shell)

Class Aves

31

Kookaburra sits in the old gumtree…

lancelets

tunicates

hagfishes

lampreys cartilaginous

fishes

ray-finned fishes

lobe-finned

fishes

lungfishes

amphibians “reptiles”

birds mammals

amniotes

tetrapods

swim bladder or

lungs jawed

vertebrates

vertebrates

craniates

ancestral chordates

Chordate Phylogeny

4,500 species

Characteristics

Hair

Mammary glands

Teeth

Specialized

Endotherms

Class Mammalia

34

Heterodont dentition

Mammalian Teeth

35

Oviparous

Egg layed and young develop externally

Viviparous

Eggs develop within mother’s body, young born live

Ovoviviparous

Eggs retained and hatch within mother’s uterus

Chordate Development

36

Oviparous Viviparous

Pouched Placental

Mammalian Diversity

37

Order Monotremata

Oviparous mammals

Feed off milk after hatching

Monotremes

38

Order Marsupialia

Viviparous pouched mammals

Nourished by yolk sac during early development

Non-placental

“Premature” birth; feed off milk in pouch

Marsupials

39

Viviparous placental mammals

Embryo nourished through entire development within

uterus

Placental Mammals

40