Kingdom Animalia. Animals are defined as: Heterotrophic (not making their own food) multi-cellular Having eukaryotic cells Having cells with no cell walls.

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

Animals are defined as:Animals are defined as:• Heterotrophic (not making their own food)

• multi-cellular• Having eukaryotic cells• Having cells with no cell walls (as opposed to plant cells)

• Heterotrophic (not making their own food)

• multi-cellular• Having eukaryotic cells• Having cells with no cell walls (as opposed to plant cells)

• Remember eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and are more complicated than prokaryotic cells.

• Remember eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and are more complicated than prokaryotic cells.

InvertebratesInvertebrates

• Invertebrates are defined as animals with no backbone.

• Really, they don’t have any bones at all.

• There are lots of invertebrates! 98% of animals are invertebrates

• Invertebrates are defined as animals with no backbone.

• Really, they don’t have any bones at all.

• There are lots of invertebrates! 98% of animals are invertebrates

Here are some examples:Here are some examples:• Sponges• Sponges

CnidariansCnidarians

• •

FlatwormsFlatworms

Round wormsRound worms

AnnelidsAnnelids

MollusksMollusks

EchinodermsEchinoderms

Arthropods- crustaceans, insects, and arachnids

Arthropods- crustaceans, insects, and arachnids

EvolutionEvolution

• Invertebrates are more evolved than plants, fungi, protists or bacteria.

• Their bodies have specialized cells, which divide up different jobs in the body.

• For example, many invertebrates have specialized cells for sight, digestion, gas exchange and reproduction.

• Invertebrates are more evolved than plants, fungi, protists or bacteria.

• Their bodies have specialized cells, which divide up different jobs in the body.

• For example, many invertebrates have specialized cells for sight, digestion, gas exchange and reproduction.

• Invertebrates have symmetry. Some have radial symmetry (you can cut through the organism in any direction and the two parts will be the same).

• Others have bilateral symmetry ( you can cut in only one direction, where the two parts will be the same).

• Sponges are the exception and do not show any symmetry.

• Invertebrates have symmetry. Some have radial symmetry (you can cut through the organism in any direction and the two parts will be the same).

• Others have bilateral symmetry ( you can cut in only one direction, where the two parts will be the same).

• Sponges are the exception and do not show any symmetry.

HomeostasisHomeostasis

• Invertebrates are quite diverse! This means they regulate their bodies in many different ways.

• Echinoderms have a water vascular system - which allows them move their tube feet, is used to exchange gas, and to remove waste.

• Invertebrates are quite diverse! This means they regulate their bodies in many different ways.

• Echinoderms have a water vascular system - which allows them move their tube feet, is used to exchange gas, and to remove waste.

• Insects have an exoskeleton that protects them from environmental changes and threats.

• Round worms have a simple nervous system to detect certain chemicals given off by prey or “hosts.”

• Insects have an exoskeleton that protects them from environmental changes and threats.

• Round worms have a simple nervous system to detect certain chemicals given off by prey or “hosts.”

EnergyEnergy

• All invertebrates are heterotrophic, which means they cannot make their own food and have to obtain it from an outside source.

• Their diet is widely varied: microscopic material, decaying matter, fresh meat, or plants.

• All invertebrates are heterotrophic, which means they cannot make their own food and have to obtain it from an outside source.

• Their diet is widely varied: microscopic material, decaying matter, fresh meat, or plants.

ReproductionReproduction• Invertebrates reproduce in many different ways – asexually, sexually, externally, internally.

• Echinoderms release gametes (egg and sperm) into the water where fertilization takes place.

• Sponges can reproduce asexually by producing a structure called a “gemmule.” This gemmule survives tough conditions and then eventually grows into an adult sponge.

• Invertebrates reproduce in many different ways – asexually, sexually, externally, internally.

• Echinoderms release gametes (egg and sperm) into the water where fertilization takes place.

• Sponges can reproduce asexually by producing a structure called a “gemmule.” This gemmule survives tough conditions and then eventually grows into an adult sponge.

• Insects usually deposit sperm internally into the female with a special reproductive organ.

• The developing insect will go through several stages before reaching adulthood.

• Insects usually deposit sperm internally into the female with a special reproductive organ.

• The developing insect will go through several stages before reaching adulthood.