Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia

Invertebrates: Critters with no backbone

-Porifera-Cnidaria-Worms: Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelida-Mollusks-Arthropods-Echinoderms

Porifera: The Sponges

Cnidaria- Jellyfish, anemones, coral, hydra

Flatworms

Roundworms

Annelids (segmented worms

Mollusks

Arthropods: Segmented Legs

Echinoderms: Spiny Skin

Vertebrates – Backbones

Which of these is an “animal”?

Answer: They are all animals!

Characteristics of Animals: • heterotrophic• eukaryotic• Multicellular• Show motility at some point• lack cell walls

95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) ex. Insects to squid5% = vertebrates (have a backbone) ex. Mammals, reptiles, fish

Animal Functions1.Feeding:

Herbivore = eats plants

Carnivore = eats animals

Omnivore = eats plants and animals

Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material

Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water

Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

2. Respiration:

Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

3. Circulation:-Very small animals rely on diffusion-Larger animals have a circulatory system to move materials throughout their bodies

4. Excretion:Primary waste product is ammonia

5. Response:Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuliNerve cells => nervous system

6. Movement:* Most animals move

7.  Reproduction:  Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

Body Symmetry- the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)

Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish)

Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

Identify the Symmetry

Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)

*The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization

Anatomical Terms:anterior - toward the headposterior - toward the taildorsal - back sideventral - belly side

Segmentation- "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

Trends in Animal Evolution

Early Development:Animals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)

The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS

Examples for each??

*Most invertebrates

*All vertebrates &Echinoderms (invertebrates)

Body CavitiesCoelom – lies between the digestive tract and the body wall• Important because it provides

space in which internal organs can be suspended

• Provide room for internal organs (growth)

• Some cavities have fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding & excretion

• Acoelomates – no coelom ex. flatworm

• Pseudocoeloms – similar to coelom, but lack a mesoderm ex. roundworm