Kingdom Animalia

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

CARLOS LINNAEUS

• First to classify animals• He only named 4,236

• The first edition of Systema Naturae was printed in the Netherlands in 1735

• Today more than a million!

MAKE A LIST OF CHARACTERISTICS THAT BELONG TO THE ANIMAL

KINGDOM

• Eukaryotic• Heterotrophs• Multicellular• Specialized cells• Sense organs• No cell wall

ANIMAL FEATURES

• Diploidy• 2 copies of each chromosome • Leads to genetic diversity

BLASTULA FORMATION (EXCEPT SPONGES)

• Zygote undergoes cell division and forms a ball of cells which produces primary tissue layers

TISSUE

• A group of cells that perform a common function• Specialization• Ex: Muslce, adipose

MULTICELLULARITY

• Which is related to an animal’s body plan• Types of symmetry:

• Asymmetry: irregular ex: sponges• Radial Symmetry: parts arranged in a celentral axis• Bilateral symmetry

• District R and L halves• Dorsal/ventral• Anterior/Posterior• Cephalization

HETEROTROPHY

• Filter feeders or ferocious predators

NO CELL WALL

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• External• Lg amount of gametes are produced, but…What are the

benefits?

• Internal• Within females body• What are the benefits?

TYPES OF TISSUES

1. Epithelial2. Neural3. Connective4. Muscle

• Cardiac• Smooth• Skeletal

Cardiac Tissue

Skeletal muscle Tissue

Smooth muscle Tissue

PHYLUM PORIFERA

“PORE BEARERS”

Symmetry Asymetrical

Reproduction Asexual: budding/fragmentation

Sexual: hermaphrodites

Evolutionary Milestone multicellularity

Circulatory System Diffusion

Unique Characteristic sessile

regeneration

Importance Food chain

Absorbent qualities

CNIDARIA“STINGING CREATURES”

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/27684-assignment-discovery-anatomy-of-a-jellyfish-video.htm

Symmetry Radial

Reproduction Asexual: budding

Sexual: hermaphrodites

Evolutionary Milestone Tissues (no organs)

Circulatory System Diffusion

Gastrovascular cavity

Unique Characteristic Stinging cells: cnidocytes

Tentacles

Importance Edible

Protect shorelines

Habitat for others

COELOM: BODY CAVITYFLUID FILLED SPACE IN

MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS

• Coelomate animals: true cavity: with a complete lining called peritoneum derived from mesoderm

• Pseudocoelomate animals have a pseudocoel: • “false cavity”• tissue derived from mesoderm only partly lines the fluid

filled body cavity of these animals. • All pseudocoelomates are protosomes

• Acoelomate animals, like flatworms, have no body cavity at all. Organs have direct contact with the epithelium.

PLATYHELMINTHES“FLAT WORMS”

Symmetry Bilateral

Reproduction Asexual

Sexual: some are hermaphrodites

Evolutionary Milestone Cephalization: bilateral symmetry

Circulatory System Diffusion

Unique Characteristic No body cavity (acoelms)

Cephalization: (no animals before group had head)

Importance Cause diseases

(if wade in water larvae bore thru skin to blood vessels)

NEMATODA“ROUND WORMS”

Symmetry Bilateral

Reproduction Sexual

Evolutionary Milestone Body cavity

Pseudocoelm: provides space for development of organs

Circulatory System Open: fluids circulate within body cavity

Unique Characteristic Tube within a tube

Importance Cause diseases

parasitic

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

MOLLUSCA“The Mollosks”

Symmetry Bilateral

Reproduction Most are distintive male and female

Snails: hermaphrodites

Evolutionary Milestone Coelm: true body cavity

Circulatory System Open: 3 chambered hearts

Closed: octopus and squid

Unique Characteristic •True coelm•Only phyla (group) of coelmates

that is not segmented•Radula

Importance Food chain: edible

pearls

TOOTHLIKE SCRAPING DEVICE

ANNELIDA“SEGMENTED

WORMS”

Symmetry Bilateral

Reproduction Hermaphrodites

Evolutionary Milestone Segmentation

Circulatory System Closed

Unique Characteristic Ganglion: primitive brain

Organ systems

clitellum

Importance Medicinal purposes

Fertilize soil and creates air spaces

Arthropoda“BUGS”

3 CLASSES OF ARTHROPODS

1.Crustaceans2.Arachnids 3.Insects

Symmetry Bilateral

Reproduction Parthenogenesis

Metamorphosis

Evolutionary Milestone Jointed appendages

Circulatory System Closed

Unique Characteristic Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton

Wings

Compound eyes

Importance Food

Causes disease or transmits

Food chain: pollinators!

Echinodermata“spiny skinned”

Symmetry Larvae: bilateral

Adults: radial

Reproduction Sex: gonads

Evolutionary Milestone Deuterostome

(Pattern of embryonic dev. Where anus forms @ the blastopore)

Circulatory System Closed

Unique Characteristic Endoskeleton

Tube feeders

No head or brain

Regenerate “arms”

Importance Food chain