King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Civil Engineering Departmentfaculty.kfupm.edu.sa/crp/bramadan/crp514/Termpapers/Term122/20... · King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Civil Engineering Department

Term Project Report

Modeling and Management of Water Supply of KFUPM Campus

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

By

KHALED SAEED MUNEF

201102130

ABDULLAH A. BASALEH

201102170

Major: Civil and Environmental Engineering

For

Mr. Dr. BAQER M. AL-RAMADAN

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

CRP 514 122-02

14 May 2013

Modeling and Management of Water Supply Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 2

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 2

OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................... 3

STUDY AREA ..................................................................................................................... 4

DATA USED ........................................................................................................................ 4

TOOLS ................................................................................................................................. 8

METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................ 8

1-Data Preparation for GIS ....................................................................................... 8

2- Thematic Layers ................................................................................................... 9

3- AutoCAD preparation data ................................................................................... 9

DATA MODELING .......................................................................................................... 10

GENERATION OF DATA MODEL FROM GIS ............................................................... 10

1- Adding CAD files to a Data view ....................................................................... 10

2- Export CAD data as Shapefiles ........................................................................... 12

3- Creating ArcMap from data Shapefiles ............................................................... 14

4- Constructing attribute features ........................................................................... 16

ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 18

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................................... 19

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 20

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figures

Figure 1: map of the study area ............................................................................................ 5

Figure 2: Site plan of the study area ...................................................................................... 6

Tables

Table 1: The networks modeling typical data ........................................................................ 7


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ABSTRACT

Recently, GIS based data base management system (GIS-DBMS) used extensively in

the fields of water resources engineering. It is used in modeling, designing as well as

management of water supply and sewer systems. This project is carried out at KFUPM

campus. The purpose of the project is to construct GIS data base for water supply system for

part of the student housing and show an example of how GIS can be good for hydraulic

molding and management of pipe network and use this data to guide the Projects

Management department in the long-term plans and efficient operation and maintenance to

meet the future demand of water supply system in the study area.

I. INTRODUCTION

One noticeable change to the water asset management process is the implementation

of geographic information systems (GIS) and asset management systems (Service 2002;

Newton and Vanier 2004; Vanier 2004). For instance, GIS have facilitated the collection of

data for deterioration modeling studies. Several deterioration modeling studies have been

developed, generally tailored for datasets of specific utilities (Kleiner and Rajani 2001), and

have primarily focused on the time dimension. Such focus is fully justifiable since

performance and deterioration of assets are mainly a phenomenon in time.

A water supply system or water supply network is a system of engineered hydrologic

and hydraulic components which provide water supply. Water supply systems are composed

of different components including, raw water collection, storage, treatment as needed, and

distribution whereas, the sewer systems transport sewage from many sources within urban

activities to sewage treatment plants or disposal sites.

Geographic information systems (GIS) impact the fields of water resources

engineering, environmental science, and related disciplines. GIS databases, analysis tools,


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and linked simulation models are extensively used for designing and management of water

supply and sewer systems. Applications include planning and design of these facilities, as

well as operations and maintenance of the facilities, are becoming common.

Every year, large numbers of students come to KFUPM, which causes a stress on

housing services .Consequently, growing demand for the main services such as water

distribution network system, which in the worst case could lead to pipe failure. The huge

demand for these services leads to many problems in the water distribution. Therefore the

system needs to be tracked to locate where usually the pipes fails. GIS is the best software to

monitor the system of network distribution system. Furthermore, it can be used to simplify

the system management. For example, if there is failure in some pipes and the pipe needed to

be shut-off. You do not have to close water for whole surround area or waste time by looking

for the valve which closes that pipe, you can easily type valve name in the GIS and the

software will quickly determine the location of that valve. GIS also can be very useful in the

excavation problems. If excavation is needed in somewhere, it easily using GIS to check up

whether there is any pipes within that area or not, and the depth of pipes in that area, so the

break can be avoided easily.

II. OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this project is to address the need for equitable Water distribution

system. The specific objectives of the project are the following:

To map the existing water supply distribution system.

To map the existing fire and drinking collection system.

To develop a model for Water network system.

To gain an understanding of how the water supply system operates under various

demand/flow scenarios, now and into the future.


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To assess the performance of the water supply system in the event of various failure

events (e.g. critical asset failure or overflows).

To provide the supporting information for a planning studies.

III. STUDY AREA

The study area is part of the student housing (stage 4 and 3) as shown in the following

map below where the total area about 23 acres. The border of the study as following: building

#824 from the west, commercial centre from the east, building #850 from the north and

building #834 from the south. As shown in the maps below Fig.1&Fig.2 show the study area

where the yellow box is the study area and border place marks are also shown in the site map.

IV. DATA USED

The data required in the proposal of the project was taken according to the networks

modelling typical data and it is summarized in the table 1 below. To get these data we had a

formal letter from Dr. BAQER M. AL-RAMADAN to the Projects management department

to get this information. Unfortunately we were given Only very few data from the listed table

and for only part of the student housing, so these data was used in this study which contains

AutoCAD files plan for the study area and water supply system as well as sewage system.

The most important data used for modelling water distribution system is pipe data, sewer data

and House Connection data.


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Figure 1: map of the study area


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Figure 2: Site plan of the study area


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Water Supply Sewerage

Mains

Pipe diameter (nominal)

Pipe diameter (internal)

Length

No. of connections

Material/class

Age

Location

Friction factors

Pipe diameter (nominal)

Pipe diameter (internal)

Length

No. of connections

Material/class

Age

Location

Friction factors

Invert levels

Grade (pipe & manhole)

Maintenance Holes Location, invert levels, ground levels

Overflow

Structures

Location, invert levels, ground levels, Operating levels, diameter, volume

outfall location

Valves

Type

Diameter

Location

Operational settings

Design performance

Type

Diameter

Location

Wet/Dry Wells Location

Volume, area

Ground level, invert levels

Pumps

Location

Type

System head curves including

power & efficiency

Performance testing/monitoring

data (eg flows, suction and

discharge pressure, operating

periods) Operational control settings

Location

Type

System head curves including power

&efficiency

Performance testing/monitoring data

(eg flows, suction and discharge

pressure, drawdown tests, operating

periods)

Operational control settings (eg. for pump control valves and variable

frequency drives)

Reservoirs

Location

Volume, area

Operating levels (BWL, TWL,

Overflow)

Any restrictions to the operating

levels

Treatment Plants

Location

Operating levels

Capacity

Clear water storage

Location

Operating levels

Capacity

Spatial Data

Land Use Plans

Priority Infrastructure Plan

Contour Plans

Infrastructure data for model input

Land Use Plans

Priority Infrastructure Plan

Contour Plans

Infrastructure data for model input

Water Quality

(where modeled)

Chlorine residual levels

Microbiological results Location of failure events

Environmental sensitivity of natural

body that receives controlled Overflows.

Table 1: The networks modeling typical data


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V. TOOLS

Which have been used in this project, are:

ArcToolBox

ArcMap

ArcCataLog

AutoCAD

VI. METHODOLOGY

Collection of field data on the existing water supply distribution system, so we got

these data from KFUPM projects management and maintenance department. The

methodology can be divided into three stages:

Preparation of various thematic layers. Road Networks, Buildings, Building groups

etc. Maps were prepared from existing information in AutoCAD files.

Development of network layers, Road network, Water Distribution Network, Sewer

network, and preparation of input data for the data models for GIS

Generation of data model from GIS.

Every stage will be discussed in details below.

1. Data Preparation for GIS

The data preparation part includes the preparation of various data/layers required.

Thematic layers

Non spatial Database


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2. Thematic Layers

The first step in data preparation is thematic layers preparation. The following

thematic layers of the study area were prepared by using the collected field data.

Base Map: the base map considered is the area that surrounds the study area.

Raw water distribution map.

Drinking water network map.

Fire distribution system map.

Preparing these layers from AutoCAD files needed extensively hard working because

the initial data in the AutoCAD was drawn in large number of different layers that contains

irrelevant data. In some cases we had to redraw some maps to be recognized by the GIS. For

example, the buildings were not drawn in polyline so we had to draw them again.

Furthermore, the pipe lines were drawn as long lines without representing the real length of

each pipe so we had to redraw them again. Below are summary of the steps of data

preparation with some screen shots of some activities conducted under Project.

3. AutoCAD preparation data

Procedure:

Step 1: ERASE UNWANTED ELEMENTS:

We isolated a desired layer. Because there were huge number of irrelative layers in

the AutoCAD files that is not required for GIS.

Step2: RENAME CAD LAYERS:

Many times CAD developers will code their layer names in a way that makes them

difficult to decipher. Rename layers in CAD as needed for clarification.


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Step 3: CLEAN CAD LAYERS:

Before transferring the CAD drawing to GIS, we verified that all features are on their

respective layers. We isolated each layer by turning all other layers OFF and see that there

are no stray drawing elements or features that belong on other layers.

VII. DATA MODELING

A spatial data base, containing objects and relationships was created using GIS. The

data model consists of the following components:

Buildings, streets network and different facilities of the study area.

Water Distribution system for the study area.

Fire distribution system for the study area, represented as feature data set.

VIII. GENERATION OF DATA MODEL FROM GIS

After we have done the above procedure we had ready cad files to be exported to the

Arc Map, so we have done the following steps:

1. Adding CAD files to a Data view

CAD drawings can be immediately displayed in ArcGIS. This step does not create

GIS data; it only displays CAD data in the GIS data view. In the Arc Map, we added the

CAD .DWG file to be converted, using the Add Data button in the ArcMap. When browsing

for the CAD file, two files of the same name were appeared. The first, displayed as a light-

blue icon, is a “CAD feature data set”, which will convert the CAD file into point, polyline,

polygon, and annotation objects (Polygons are created from CAD's closed polylines.

Annotation is created from CAD text). The second, displayed as a white icon, is the simple

CAD line drawing. In this file, text and polygons will read as line work only, and there will


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be no associated attributes for any objects. To convert CAD files into ArcGIS data (shapefil

or other); we chose the first file (light-blue icon).


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2. Export CAD data as Shapefiles

Before adding data to the ArcMap, we set the path of data source so the shapefile can

be opened directly when it is created in the ArcMap, or when it is copied to memory or CD.

We did this from File menu- documents properties – data source option and then we browsed

to the file location.


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When the blue CAD file was added to ArcMap, the file was divided into data sets,

based on the four types of GIS data: point, line, polygon, and annotation. Shapefiles can be

created from the point, line, and polygon data sets. The annotation set cannot be exported as a

shapefile. We added the polyline for all required layers. Right click on each data set and

chose Data-Export Data. Export as separate shapefiles.


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3. Creating ArcMap from data Shapefiles

Next we added all shapefiles to a new ArcMap project and collecting them together

and save the project with new name.


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4. Constructing attribute features

We added attributes for different features by right clicking on the layer then selecting

open attribute tables. From this dialogue box we chose option and in the option add field the

type of attributes was chosen and then fill the field properties the following snapshot shows

these steps:

Next we added features using the Editing tool available in the ArcMap by clicking on

the editing tool then choose start editing option and then select the field to add the attribute in

the following snapshots shows these steps:

The difficulties in the attributes are that we have to edit them manually and repeat these steps

for each single element, so an extensively time was spent in constructing the attributes.


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IX. ANALYSIS

There is one saying that prevention is better than cure. So ideally it is better to build

up strategies to find problems before they happen, although the benefits from prevention are

commonly overlooked. Meanwhile, the water distribution network problems are usually very

difficult to define, so until now management planning methods for network rehabilitation are

still poorly developed when compared with financial and technological investment.

After constructing the GIS model, this model can be very useful into two stages,

currently and in the future. Currently this model can be very useful in the planning studies. It

contains all network data such as pipes, locations, depths so the problems of determining the

accurate location of the pipes and connecting joints will be stopped. The pipes within the

selected area will be determined exactly. For example If excavation is needed in somewhere,

it is easily using GIS to check up whether there is any pipes within that area or not, and the

depth of pipes in that area, so the break can be avoided easily. Also the update for any change

of attributes in the future would be included easily.

Furthermore, it can be used directly to dominate the controls of the networks, all

valves were attributed therefor it is very easy to find the valve which opens or shut-off a

specific area in case if there is break or in the urgent situations such as a fire. Also this model

is the best way to track the pressure within the network. The problem of low pressure can be

solving. For example the buildings that usually suffer from low pressure can be tracked by

checking up all connections as well as pipes properties to propose solution such as increase

pipe diameter.

In addition this model can be used to predict the failure in the pipes which is very

important for maintenance department by coloring the pipes that usually break and the

corresponding area so this problem can be solved in the long term by solving the main


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reason. Unfortunately this depends on the history of failure within the region which is not

recorded for the study area.

In the future, this model can be used to check the network reliability; test on network

reliability needs a combined application between EPANET and RELENT to assess hydraulic

reliability of each junction, the total hydraulic reliability of the network and hydraulic critical

index (HCI) for each pipe segment. A higher value of HCI means a higher impact of the

discarded link on the total network reliability. If the result HCI is equal to 1, it means no

demand is satisfied in all nodes of the network. The more HCI values close to 0, the more

demand is satisfied at the required pressure. If HCI is equal to 0, the demand is fully satisfied.

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

One noticeable change to the water asset management process is the implementation

of geographic information systems (GIS) and asset management systems. This feature was

utilized by constructing GIS model for part of KFUPM campus for the water distribution

network including raw water as well as drinking water. This model can be used to manage the

water distribution system. During this project, it has been found out there are some records

missing in KFUPM Projects management and Maintenance Department such as, pipe age,

current and history of failures which can be used to generate failure forecasting map by

considering different way, and mathematic methodology.

Also this work can be developed more and more in the future. A number of GIS

operation and tools can be integrated such as CARE-W tools which can be used to calculate

Water Association Performance Indicators and do the failure forecasting which would results

to display in GIS maps, tables, and graphics.


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REFERENCES

Daniel Pinho de Oliveira1, L. S. (2008). GIS applications for Spatial Analysis of Water

Distribution Pipeline Breakage. ASCE.

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE. (2010). In Planning Guidelines

for Water Supply and Sewerage (p. Chapter 6). Australia: Building Code of Australia.

National Park Service. (2006). CAD TO GIS. Northeast Region - Boston: National Park

Service in cooperation with University of Rhode Island Environmental Data Center.

S. Mohan and K. Danimon, I. a. (2004). Development of GIS based contamination risk

assessment in water. PEOPLE-CENTRED APPROACHES TO WATER AND

ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION. Vientiane, Lao PDR: WEDC.

Zhang, T. (2006). The Application of GIS and CARE-W on Water Distribution. Pipeline

Technology 2006 Conference. Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).

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