Kinds of Nouns California Content Standards: WC 8.1.4 – Grammar – Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used. WC 8.1.5 – Punctuation.

Kinds of NounsCalifornia Content Standards:

WC 8.1.4 – Grammar – Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used.

WC 8.1.5 – Punctuation and Capitalization – Use correct punctuation and capitalization.

Kinds of Nouns

Common and Proper Nouns

A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. All nouns are either proper or common.A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea.Always capitalize proper nouns.A common noun names a general class of person, place, thing, or idea.

Kinds of Nouns

Common and Proper Nouns

Proper: The National Horse Show was held in April in New York.

Common: The annual horse show was held last month in the city.

ModelingIdentify the common nouns and capitalize the proper nouns.

A parade began the ohio horse show.

Common: parade Proper: Ohio Horse Show

His name was gremlin.

Common: name Proper: Gremlin

Kinds of Nouns

Common and Proper NounsCheck for Understanding

Identify the common nouns and capitalize the proper nouns.

A smile hid her fear.

Common: smile, fear

Teams from utah competed.

Common: teams Proper: Utah

Kinds of Nouns

Concrete and Abstract Nouns

All nouns are either concrete or abstract.Concrete nouns refer to material things, to people or to places.Abstract nouns name ideas, feelings, or qualities.

Concrete: This pony is small.

Abstract: Lin wept in sorrow.

Concrete: people, Mexicans, Mount Hood, book, Tom Sawyer

Abstract: love, relief, patriotism, language

Kinds of Nouns

Concrete and Abstract NounsModeling

Identify the concrete nouns and abstract nouns.

Rain leaked through the roof of the stable.

Concrete: Rain, roof, stable

Lynn told us her ideas for the new stalls.

Concrete: Lynn, stalls

Abstract: ideas

Jan shivered in anticipation.

Concrete: Jan

Abstract: anticipation

Kinds of Nouns

Concrete and Abstract NounsCheck for Understanding

Write each noun. Label it common or proper, and concrete or abstract. Capitalize the proper nouns.

Is your class studying history?

class – common, concrete

history – common, abstract

Racehorses are bred for speed and endurance.

racehorses – common, concrete

speed – common, abstract

endurance – common, abstract

Kinds of Nouns

Concrete and Abstract NounsGuided Practice

Do numbers 1 through 3 on page 23

Raise your hand.

Wait for a stamp

Independent PracticeComplete page 23

Complete page 24

Compound and Collective Nouns

California Content Standards:

WC 8.1.4 – Grammar – Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used.

WC 8.1.5 – Punctuation and Capitalization – Use correct punctuation and capitalization.

Compound and Collective Nouns

Compound Nouns

A noun of two or more words is a compound noun.Some compound nouns are written as one word.Some compound nouns are written as two or more words.Some compound nouns are written with hyphens.Check your dictionary to be sure of the spelling.

Compound and Collective Nouns

Compound Nouns

One Word Separate Words Hyphenated Words

bookcase Edgar Allan Poe father-in-law

bridegroom commander in chief half-moon

porthole postage stamp stick-in-the-mud

sportscast music box runner-up

headache water ballet kilowatt-hour

Compound and Collective Nouns

Collective NounsA collective noun names a group or a collection of people, animals, or things considered as a unit.

Common Collective Nouns

crew committee fleet

class family jury

orchestra flock group

chorus herd team

Compound and Collective Nouns

Modeling

Write the collective and compound nouns in sentence.

If there is any disorder, the courtroom will be cleared.

Compound: courtroom

The lawyers for the state will be seated to the left of the judge.

Collective: state

The defense team will be seated to the right of the judge.

Collective: team

The press may not use cameras or tape recorders.

Collective: press Compound: tape recorders

Compound and Collective Nouns

Check for Understanding

Write the collective and compound nouns in each sentence.

The names of eyewitnesses will be given to the judge.

Compound: eyewitnesses

Gentlemen will wear suits. Ladies will wear suits or shirtwaists.

Compound: Gentlemen, shirtwaists

There will be no animals in the audience.

Collective: audience

Compound and Collective Nouns

Guided Practice

Do numbers 1 through 3 on page 25.

Raise your hand.

Wait for stamp.

Independent Practice

Complete page 25.

Complete page 26.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

California Content Standards:

WC 8.1.3 – Sentence Structure – Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to indicate clearly the relationship between ideas.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that identifies, describes, or renames the noun that it follows. You can combine two related sentences by turning one of them into an appositive.Use commas to set off most appositives from the rest of the sentence. Commas show that the appositive gives extra information. It could be left out without changing the meaning of the sentence.Sometimes an appositive identifies a noun and is central to the meaning of the sentence. Do not use commas to set off such an appositive.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

Modeling

Belle is a search-and-rescue dog. Belle is a German shepherd.

Using apposition: With a Comma

Belle, a German shepherd, is a search-and-rescue dog.

Belle’s littermates are also search-and-rescue dogs. One littermate is named Sampson. Another littermate is named Blue.

Using apposition: Without a Comma

Belle’s littermate Sampson is also a search-and-rescue dog.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

Modeling

A dog uses alerts to indicate a discovery. Alerts are a bark and a sharp pull on its lead.

Using apposition: With a Comma

A dog uses alerts, a bark and a sharp pull on its lead, to indicate a discovery.

The trainer taught Belle many search-and-rescue skills. Belle’s trainer is named Lucy Juarez.

Using apposition: Without a Comma

The trainer Lucy Juarez taught Belle many search-and-rescue skills.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

Check for Understanding

I work at Big Mountain Search Dogs. It is a dog-training facility.

Using apposition: With a Comma

I work at Big Mountain Search Dogs, a dog-training facility.

The police use our dogs to rescue lost hikers or skiers after an avalanche or a big storm. An avalanche is a slide of either rock or snow.

Using apposition: With a Comma

The police use our dogs to rescue lost hikers or skiers after an avalanche, a slide of either rock or snow, or a big storm.

Combining Sentences: Appositives

Check for Understanding

Our dogs are expert sniffers. The names of the expert sniffers are Tobey and Mack.

Using apposition: Without a Comma

Our dogs Tobey and Mack are expert sniffers.

A Newfoundland eats twenty-five pounds of dog food each week! The Newfoundland is a dog often used in rescue work.

Using apposition: With a Comma

A Newfoundland, a dog often used in rescue work, eats twenty-five pounds of dog food each week!

Combining Sentences: Appositives

Guided Practice

Combine the first two sentences on page 27 by using an appositive.

Raise your hand.

Wait for a stamp.

Independent PracticeComplete pages 27 and 28.

Singular and Plural Nouns

California Content Standards:

WC 8.1.6 – Spelling – Use correct spelling conventions.

Singular and Plural Nouns

Most nouns change form to show number.A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea.A plural noun names more than one.You form the plural of most nouns by simply adding –s to the singular.Many other plural forms involve spelling changes.Look up the word in your dictionary when you are not sure of its plural form.

Singular and Plural NounsRegular Forms of Plurals

Add –s to form the plural of these nouns:

Most singular nouns globes Michaels

Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel radios stereos

Many nouns ending in o pianos altos

Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel donkeys valleys

Proper nouns ending in y Bradys Malloys

Some nouns ending in f or fe Roofs safes

Add –es to form the plural of these nounds:

Nouns ending in s, x, sh, ch, z boxes buzzes

Some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant echoes heroes

Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant (change y to i first)

fly-----------flies

Some nouns ending in f or fe (change f to v first) calf--------calves

Singular and Plural NounsIrregular Forms of Plurals

Unusual Noun Forms

Some plurals are formed by irregular spelling changes. child---children foot---feetmouse---mice

Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms. deer sheep grapefruit

Some nouns are used only in the plural form. clothes scissors pants

Some nouns end in s but have a singular meaning. physics measles news

Some nouns from other languages are made plural as in the original language.

analysis---analyses alumnus---alumni

Compound nouns usually are made plural by adding –s to the most important word in the compound.

commanders in chief brothers-in-law

Compound nouns that are written as one word or do not have a noun part are made plural by adding –s at the end.

cupfuls forget-me-nots

Letters, numbers in mathematics, symbols, and words used as words are made plural by adding an apostrophe and an –s (‘s)

a’s 8’s &’s but’s

Singular and Plural Nouns

Modeling

What is the plural form of each noun?

Harry

Rule: Proper nouns ending in y

Answer: Harrys

mess

Rule: Nouns ending in s, x, sh, ch, z – add –es

Answer: messes

life

Rule: Some nouns ending in f or fe (change f to v first)

Answer: lives

Singular and Plural Nouns

Modeling

What is the plural form of each noun?

crisis

Rule: Irregular form

Answer: crises

goose

Rule: Irregular form

Answer: geese

3

Rule: Letters, numbers in mathematics, symbols…add apostrophe and –s (‘s)

Answer: 3’s

Singular and Plural Nouns

Check for Understanding

What is the plural form of each noun?

grandchild

Rule: Irregular form

Answer: grandchildren

church

Rule: Nouns ending in ch, add –es

Answer: churches

Singular and Plural Nouns

Guided Practice

Do numbers 1 and 2 on page 29

Raise your hand

Wait for a stamp

Independent PracticeComplete page 29 and page 30.

Possessive Nouns

California Content Standards:

WC 8.1.6 – Spelling – Use correct spelling conventions.

Possessive Nouns

Rules for Forming Possessive Nouns

Most singular nouns:Add an apostrophe and –s (‘s).

Mr. Bass---Mr. Bass’sTom---Tom’s

Plural nouns ending with s:Add only an apostrophe (‘).

girls---girls’babies---babies’Joneses---Joneses’

Other plural nouns:Add an apostrophe and –s (‘s) to the end.

children---children’sgeese---geese’s

Compound nouns:Add an apostrophe and –s (‘s) to the end.

sister-in-law---sister-in-law’s (singular)sisters-in-law---sisters-in-law’s (plural)

Singular and Plural Nouns

InputPossessive nouns show ownership or relationship.A possessive noun always has an apostrophe (‘).

Examples:

Jade’s scissors (the scissors that belong to Jade)

the dog’s whiskers (the whiskers of the dog)

the workers’ demands (the demands that the workers made)

Mike’s new address (the new address that Mike has)

Singular and Plural Nouns

InputIf two or more people own a single thing, place the apostrophe after the last person’s name.

Example:

Miguel and Scott’s basketball

If each owns a thing separately, make each noun possessive.

Example:

Miguel’s and Scott’s basketballs

Singular and Plural Nouns

Modeling

Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns.

the bikes that Ted and Nick each has

Ted’s and Nick’s bikes

the color of the rabbits

the rabbits’ color

the cat that David and Yolanda own together

David and Yolanda’s cat

the tractor trailers of her son-in-law

her son-in-law’s tractor trailers

Singular and Plural Nouns

Check for Understanding

Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns.

the clocks that my brother-in-law owns

my brother-in-law’s clocks

the spaghetti dinner that my cousins made

my cousins’ spaghetti dinner

the meow of the cat

the cat’s meow

Singular and Plural Nouns

Guided Practice

Rewrite each word group another way. Use possessive nouns.

the application that Alison made

the request that our teachers made

the car that my mother and father own

Raise your hand

Wait for a stamp

Singular and Plural Nouns

Independent Practice

Do pages 31, 33, and 34

Using Exact Nouns

California Content Standards:

WS 8.1.6 – Evaluation and Revision – Revise writing for word choice; appropriate organization; consistent point of view; and transitions between paragraphs, passages, and ideas.

Using Exact Nouns

InputUse exact nouns to present your ideas clearly so that readers will understand them.By choosing a variety of nouns, you will also make your writing interesting and provide important details.

ModelingExample:

The students collected food and clothing for their community service project.

The students collected canned soup, coats, sweaters and mittens for their community service project.

Using Exact Nouns

Check for UnderstandingRevise the sentence by using a more exact noun in place of each underlined noun:

Our grade 8 class is collecting things for a local place.

Guided PracticeRevise the sentences by using a more exact noun in place of each underlined noun:

We need to get clothes for a variety of people.

Since some are children, we also need things they can play with.

Raise your hand

Wait for a stamp

Using Exact Nouns

Independent PracticeDo page 35