KINDS OF COMAPANIES KINDS OF COMAPANIES
Jan 21, 2016
KINDS OF COMAPANIESKINDS OF COMAPANIES
DEFINITION OF COMPANYDEFINITION OF COMPANY
According to Companies Act ,” a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing companies”.
According to Chief Justice Marshall ,“ a company is a person , artificial , invisible , intangible and existing only in the contemplation of law. Being a mere creation of Law,it possesses only those properties which the character of its creation confers upon it either expressly or as incidental to its very existence”.
Kinds of Kinds of CompaniesCompanies
Incorporated Unincorporated
Charted company
Statutory company
Registered company
Companies limited by shares
Companies limited by guarantee
Unlimited companies
Public Private Public PublicPrivate Private
CHARTERED COMPANIESCHARTERED COMPANIESA Monarch or King brings in such a company.
In earlier times, trading co. were created by the charter.
Provision of companies act 1956 do not apply.
These types of companies do not exist in India.
Examples of Chartered CompaniesExamples of Chartered Companies
Spanish Company (1577) Eastland Company (1579) Turkey Company (1581) Morocco Company (1588) East India Company (1600) German New Guinea Company
(1884) German East Africa Company
(1884)
Royal African Company (1672) Greenland Company (1693) South Sea Company (1711) British North Borneo Company
(1881) Royal Niger Company (1886)
STATUTORY COMPANIESSTATUTORY COMPANIESIncorporated by means of a special Act of parliament or any state legislature.
Carries out special public undertakings.
These are governed by act creating them.
Examples : Food Corp. of India , Life insurance of India , JKSRTC , JK Industries.
REGISTERED COMPANIESREGISTERED COMPANIESCompanies registered under companies Act, 1956 or existing companies.
Sec 12(2) provides the co. registered under this act may be:-
Companies limited by shares.
Companies limited by guarantee.
Unlimited companies.
COMPANIES LIMITED BY SHARESCOMPANIES LIMITED BY SHARES
Majority of registered Cos are limited by shares.
Such Cos must have share capital.
Liability of its members is limited to the amount of unpaid shares held by them.
There is no liability when shares are fully paid.
COMPANIES LIMITED BY GUARANTEECOMPANIES LIMITED BY GUARANTEE
Liability of members is limited to such amounts as they may respectively undertake by memorandum to contribute to the assets of the company.
May or may not have share capital.
If it has share capital, the liability of members is two fold.Liability to pay the share amount
The amount guaranteed
UNLIMITED COMPANIESUNLIMITED COMPANIES
Liability of members is unlimited.
Company may or may not have share capital.
Such companies are rarely formed.
These Cos must not incorporate “ltd.” word as the last word.
It must file the articles and memorandum.
An unlimited company can get itself re-registered as a limited liability company under section 32 of the Act .
PRIVATE COMPANIESPRIVATE COMPANIESPrivate Limited Company means a company formed with the word `private’ in its name. The Articles of Association of such companies includes the following restrictions :-
articles of association restricts the right to transfer its shares
limitation to the number of shareholders to 50 (excluding employees and former employees)
prohibition towards invitation to the public to subscribe to shares and debentures [Section 3(1)(iii)
The minimum paid up capital for a private company would be Rs. 100,000.
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES Acer India Private Ltd. L’Oreal India private Ltd.
Examples from J&K
J & K Metal wires Private Ltd. Kashmir tourist bus service Private Ltd.
NITCO Roadways Private Ltd. Chinar Biscuits Private Ltd. JAY KAY Automobiles Private Ltd. Delight fast food Private Ltd. J & K Vehicleades Private Ltd. J K Associates Private Ltd.
PUBLIC COMPANIESPUBLIC COMPANIESA company which is not a Private company.
The minimum paid up capital for a public company would be Rs. 500,000.
At least 7 persons are required to form a public company.
Only the shares of public companies are capable of being dealt in stock exchange.
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE COMPANIESPUBLIC VS. PRIVATE COMPANIES
Basis Public Private
Min. paid up capital 5 lakh 1 lakh
Min. of members 7 2
Max. of mem. No limit 50
Restriction On name Ltd. (P) ltd.
Commencement of business
A public co. shall not commence its buss.unless it has been granted certificate of commencement of business
A Pvt. Co. can commence its business as soon as it is incorporated
Invitation to public A public co. may invite public to subscribe to its shares by issuing prospectus.
A Pvt.co.cannot extend such invitation to the public
Transferability of shares No restriction on the transferability in case of public ltd. Co.
A Pvt. Co. by its articles must restrict the right to its members to transfer its shares
Basis Public Private
Share warrants A public co. can issue share warrants Such a right is denied to Pvt. Co.
Issue of capital A public co. proposing issue of shares must offers them to existing members
A Pvt. Co is free to allot new issue to outsiders
No. of directors A public co. must have at least 3 directors
A Pvt. Co. may have 2 directors
Statuary meetings A public co. must hold statuary meeting& file with the registrar a statuary report.
A Pvt. Co. has no such obligation
Quorum If the articles of the co. do not otherwise provide the quorum is 5mem. Personally present in the case of public co
The quorum of the of the Pvt. co. is 2 members Personally present
Restriction on the appointment of directors
A director of A public co. shall file with a registrar consent or act as such..He shall sign Memorandum and enter into contract for qualification shares . He cannot take part in the discussion on a contract in which he is interested.
These restriction do not apply to a Pvt. Co.
GOVERNMENT COMPANIES GOVERNMENT COMPANIES
Government Companies means any company in which more than 51% of the paid up share capital is held by the Central Government or any State Government or partly by the Central Government and partly by the one or more State Governments and includes a company which is a subsidiary of a government company.
Government Companies are also governed by the provisions of the Companies Act.
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Jammu & Kashmir State Agro Industries Ltd.
Jammu & Kashmir Bank Ltd.
Jammu & Kashmir Tourism development corpn Ltd.
Jammu and Kashmir Cement Ltd.
J&K Industrial & Technical Consultancy Organisation Ltd.
HOLDINGHOLDING ANDAND SUBSIDIARYSUBSIDIARY COMPANIESCOMPANIES
A company which controls other company is known as the holding company and the company so controlled is termed as subsidiary company.
Section 4 of the companies act, 1956, provides that a holding company is one if it :
Controls the board of directors of another company;or
Holds more than half of the nominal value of equity share capital of another company ; or
Is a subsidiary of any company which is in turn a subsidiary of another company.
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES HOLDING COMPANY
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. SUBSIDIARIES Indian Oil Technology Ltd. Indian Oil (Mauritius) Ltd. IBP Co Ltd.
Indian Oil Blending Ltd. HOLDING COMPANY Acer Co. Ltd
SUBSIDIARIES · Acer India private Ltd.· Acer computer Australia. Pvt Ltd. · Acer Computer (Singapore) Pvt Ltd· Acer Computer Co., Ltd.· And many more
FOREIGN COMPANIESFOREIGN COMPANIESCompany incorporated outside INDIA and having a place of business in India.
According to section 591, a foreign company is one incorporated outside India
a) which established a place of business within the India after the commencement of this act.
b) which had a place of business within India before the commencement of this act and continues to have the same at the commencement of this
act.
COMPANIES CONVERTED COMPANIES CONVERTED FROM PUBLIC LIMITED TO FROM PUBLIC LIMITED TO
PRIVATEPRIVATE
COMPANIES CONVERTED FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATECOMPANIES CONVERTED FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE
Name of the Company Date of Conversion NITCO ROADWAYS LTD. Friday, June 15, 2001
NEW STYLE FABRICATORS LTD Friday, April 19, 2002
TRANS ASIA HOTELS PVT LTD Wednesday, December 20, 2000
T.R.G. INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LTD Wednesday, April 04, 2001
P.B.I. (INDIA) LIMITED Wednesday, June 07, 2000
GANESH OIL MILLS LIMITED Thursday, September 27, 2001
APEXCEL LIMITED Friday, March 28, 2003
PATHANKOT VEHICLEADES PVT.LTD. Monday, March 11, 2002
KASHMIR FINANCE LIMITED Thursday, January 22, 2004
COMPANIES CONVERTED FROM PRIVATE TO COMPANIES CONVERTED FROM PRIVATE TO
PUBLIC LIMITEDPUBLIC LIMITED
Name of the Company
Date of Conversion
JAY KAY REAL ESTATES PRIVATE LIMITED
Wednesday,
September 05, 2001
SHEEN ROADLINKS PVT.LTD. Friday,
March 05, 1999
DUTTA FINANCIERS (INDIA) PVT.LTD.
Wednesday,
July 25, 2001
SHIROMANI FINANCE PVT LTD
Tuesday,
February 12, 2002
GTZ SECURITIES LIMITED Friday,
March 10, 2000
SRF INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED
Monday,
March 24, 2003
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