Presentation to the Yunnan Forestry Visiting Delegation to the Faculty of Forestry, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April29th, 2005 By By J. P. (Hamish) Kimmins J. P. (Hamish) Kimmins Professor of Forest Ecology Professor of Forest Ecology Senior Canada Research Chair in Forest Ecosystem Senior Canada Research Chair in Forest Ecosystem Modelling Modelling Faculty of Forestry, UBC Faculty of Forestry, UBC
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Presentation to the Yunnan Forestry Visiting Delegation to the Faculty of
Forestry, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, April29th, 2005
ByBy
J. P. (Hamish) KimminsJ. P. (Hamish) Kimmins
Professor of Forest EcologyProfessor of Forest Ecology
Senior Canada Research Chair in Forest Ecosystem Senior Canada Research Chair in Forest Ecosystem ModellingModelling
Faculty of Forestry, UBCFaculty of Forestry, UBC
James Peter (Hamish) Kimmins
Professor of Forest Ecology
Canada Research Chair in Forest Ecosystem Modelling
Medium to high elevation plateausMedium to high elevation plateaus
Interior spruce, subalpine fir, lodgepole
pine, Douglas-fir, aspen
Medium to high elevationMedium to high elevation
Fire, insects (bark
beetles, defoliators)
Engelmann Spruce Subalpine fir Zone –
Long, cold to very cold, snowy winters; short warm summers with
frequent frost, dry to humid. Continental – subcontinental
subalpine climate
The interior, cold The interior, cold snowpacksnowpack, , subalpinesubalpine forestforest
The interior ski zoneThe interior ski zone
Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir,
lodgepole pine, whitebark pine,
subalpine larch
Medium to high elevationMedium to high elevation
Fire, insects
Interior Cedar-Hemlock Zone –
wet, mild to cool winters; warm, relatively moist summers.
Subcontinental, humid climate
The interior wet belt forestThe interior wet belt forest
Western redcedar, western
hemlock, Douglas-fir,
lodgepole pine
Low to medium elevationLow to medium elevation
Fire, defoliators
Definition of ForestryDefinition of Forestry
•• The art (skill), practice, science and The art (skill), practice, science and
business of managing forest stands business of managing forest stands
and forested landscapes to sustain an and forested landscapes to sustain an
ecologically possible and socially ecologically possible and socially
desired balance of values and desired balance of values and
environmental services from that environmental services from that
landscape.landscape.
The Two Responsibilities of ForestryThe Two Responsibilities of Forestry
1.1. To change the way in which a forest is managed as the To change the way in which a forest is managed as the
desired balance of values and environmental services desired balance of values and environmental services
from that forest changes.from that forest changes.
2.2. To reject current practices and resist proposed new To reject current practices and resist proposed new
practices that are inconsistent with the ecology and practices that are inconsistent with the ecology and
sociology of the desired values and services over sociology of the desired values and services over
ecologically appropriate temporal and spatial scales.ecologically appropriate temporal and spatial scales.
How do we judge what is consistent with the How do we judge what is consistent with the
ecology of the values?ecology of the values?
Silviculture Systems
A continuum of ecological disturbance
Comparison between natural Comparison between natural
disturbance and silviculturedisturbance and silviculture
West coast of Vancouver Island in an West coast of Vancouver Island in an unroadedunroaded, unmanaged area, unmanaged area
Wildfire with salvage logging, near Wildfire with salvage logging, near CranbrookCranbrook, southeastern BC, southeastern BC
Cathedral Grove, Vancouver Island after the l997 windstormCathedral Grove, Vancouver Island after the l997 windstorm
1906 windstorm Pt McNeil, N Vancouver Island1906 windstorm Pt McNeil, N Vancouver Island
Mountain pine beetle outbreak, The Flathead, southeastern BC.Mountain pine beetle outbreak, The Flathead, southeastern BC.
Paradigms for a New Forestry
•Ecosystem management
•Adaptive management
•Zonation
•Variable retention
•Natural range of variation
•Results-based vs regulation
•Monitoring/certification
All need
forecasting
tools and
decision-support
systems
Decision Support Systems in Support
of Sustainable Forestry
• Should be ecosystem-level tools – the issues in forestry are
ecosystem level, not population level or community level issues.
Levels of biological
organization
Levels of biological
integration
Ecosystem Understanding andUnderstanding and PredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPrediction EcosystemEcosystem
Community UnderstandingUnderstanding
Population UnderstandingUnderstanding
Individual UnderstandingUnderstanding and PredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPrediction IndividualIndividual
Organ systems UnderstandingUnderstanding
Organs, tissues UnderstandingUnderstanding
Cell UnderstandingUnderstanding and PredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPredictionPrediction CellCell
Sub-cellular UnderstandingUnderstanding
The need for the ecosystem level : PREDICTIONThe need for the ecosystem level : PREDICTIONThe need for the ecosystem level : PREDICTIONThe need for the ecosystem level : PREDICTION
Function of level
Tools to Forecast Succession and its
Management
• Should be ecosystem-level tools – the issues in forestry are
ecosystem level, not population level or community level issues.
• Should explicitly represent the key processes – the fundamentals
of production ecology, and key population and community
processes
Productive Capacity of EcosystemsProductive Capacity of Ecosystems
Leaf area and photosynthetic
efficiency
Net photosynthesis
Net primary production
Net biomass accumulation
Harvestable biomass/energy(Humans or other animals)Humans or other animals)
Light
Water
Nutrients
Carbon
allocation
Solar energy
Respiration
Litterfall, plant death,
root death, herbivory
Unharvested
biomass/energy
6. Tools to Forecast Succession and
its Management
• Should be ecosystem-level tools – the issues in forestry are
ecosystem level, not population level or community level issues.
• Should explicitly represent the key processes – the fundamentals
of production ecology, and key population and community
processes
• Should be cross-scale - stand-level models should be linked to
landscape models in meta-models
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM: DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM: Modelling FrameworkModelling Framework
Merchantable Merchantable
VolumeVolume
Ecosystem C Ecosystem C
StorageStorage
Snags (>25cm Snags (>25cm dbhdbh))
Early Seral Shrub Early Seral Shrub
Cover (%)Cover (%)
ProjectionProjection InterpretationInterpretation
StandStand--level Modellevel Model
(FORECAST)(FORECAST)
ForestForest--level Timber Supply Modellevel Timber Supply Model
(ATLAS)(ATLAS)Wildlife Habitat Supply ModelWildlife Habitat Supply Model
((SimForSimFor))
Visualization Visualization
SoftwareSoftware
PolygonPolygon--
BasedBasedRasterRaster--
BasedBased
What Types of Forecasting Tools?What Types of Forecasting Tools?
Stand level ecosystem management models:
AVIGATOR : FORECAST User InterfaceAVIGATOR : FORECAST User InterfaceNNFORECASTFORECAST