Kin thcIn bi ny Gi bi vit ny cho bn b(Th T, 18/03/2009-2:19 PM)
Mainboard: Bt cng tc, qut ngun lc l hoc qua ri tt
Mosfet trn Mainboard c dng DS rt ln khong ly cc n v tr tng ng ca Mainboard kh
Do chp cc ng ph ti 12V, 5V hoc 3,3V trn Mainboard
Do chp cc n Mosfet ca mch n p VRM (s gy ra chp ng ti 12V) Do chp Chipset nam (s gy ra chp ng ti 5V hoc 3,3V) Do chp IC- SIO (s gy ra chp ng ti 5V hoc 3,3V) Do chp ROM BIOS s gy chp ng 5V hoc 3,3V (tu loi ROM) Do chp IC- Clock Gen s gy chp ng 3,3V
Cc bc kim tra & sa cha.1. o tr khng ng 12V cp cho mch VRM (mch n p cho CPU)
* t que en vo chn 12V (chn c dy mu vng i vo), que vo Mass, quan s khng khong > = 3K (tc kim ln khng ng k) => L tr khng bnh thng
Chnh ng h thang X1 . t que vo Mass. que en vo chn 12V ca rc 4 Pin vng i vo). Nu kim ch ln mt cht (khong 3 - 5K) => L tr khng bnh thng.
Vn o nh trn nhng nu thy kim ln ht thang o tc l tr khng 0 => L m (mch n p cho CPU b chp) Nguyn nhn mch VRM b chp l do chp cc n Mos tra k cc n Mosfet ca mch n p VRM xung quanh CPU.
Chnh ng h thang X 1 . Bn o tr khng D-S ca cc n trong mch VRM. C h gi tr in tr khong vi chc n vi trm , ch cn mt chiu o c tr khng 0 chp. Nu Mosfet b chp, bn cn thay Mosfet mi.
Lu : Mosfet trn Mainboard c dng DS rt ln khong > 30A, bn c th ly cc n ng ca Mainboard khc thay sang 2 o tr khng ng 12V cp cho mch dao ng
Chnh ng h thang X1 . t que vo Mass, que en vo chn 12V (chn c dy ca rc 20 chn hoc rc 24 chn. Nu kim ng h ch nhch ln mt cht, khong 1,5 bnh thng.
Vn o tng t nh trn nhng thy kim ng h ln ht thang o, tc tr khng 0 ng ph ti 12V. ng 12V ca rc 20 chn hoc 24 chn ny thng ch cp cho IC mch VRM, trong thc t ng ny t khi b chp. Nu chp ng 12V ny th bn hy ng ca mch VRM ra khi Mainboard 3. o tr khng ng 5V (Dy 5V mu )
Chnh ng h thang X1 . t que vo Mass, que en vo chn 5V (chn c cc d ca rc 20 chn hoc rc 24 chn. Nu kim ng h nhch ln mt cht, cho tr khng => L tr khng bnh thng.
Vn o tng t nh trn nhng thy kim ng h bo 0 => L b chp ng 5V. cp trc tip cho IC-SIO v Chipset nam, mt s Main th ng 5V cp cho c ROM BIO 5V c ngha l s b chp mt trong cc linh kin:
IC- SIO Chipset nam ROM BIOS
Phng php xc nh linh kin b chp s cp phn cui trang 4. o tr khng ng 3,3V (trn cc dy mu cam)
Chnh ng h thang X1 . t que vo Mass, que en vo chn 3,3V (chn c cc vo) ca rc 20 chn hoc rc 24 chn. Nu kim ng ln khong na thang o, hoc t n 30 => L bnh thng.
Vn o tng t nh trn nhng thy kim ng h bo 0 => L b chp ng 3,3V thng cp trc tip cho IC-SIO, Chipset nam, ROM BIOS v IC- Clock Gen, IC- mng L 3,3V c ngha l s b chp mt trong cc linh kin:
IC- SIO Chipset nam ROM BIOS IC - Clock Gen LAN (Card Net onboard)
Phng php xc nh linh kin b chp Sau khi bn kim tra qua bc 2 trn. Nu bn pht hin ng 5V hoc 3,3V b chp rng mt trong cc linh kin sau c th b chp l:
IC - SIO Chipset nam
ROM BIOS IC- Clock Gen IC- Net onboard
Nhng trong thc t i hi bn phi xc nh chnh xc linh kin b chp khng b th hn na vic xc nh chnh xc linh kin chp khin bn sa cha c nhanh chng v
xc nh linh kin chp, bn hy lm nh sau: - Dng ng h o dng (ca th sa in thoi) - Ban u gim in p ca ng h v 0V - t que en xung mass, que vo ng in p (ang b chp) - Chnh ng h tng dn cho n khi dng chp t 0,8 A - cho dng chp chy qua Mainboard khong 30 giy n 1 pht - Ly tay s vo cc linh kin IC-SIO, Chipset nam, ROM BIOS, Clock Gen v IC-Net On no hi nng => th l linh kin b chp.
Sau khi cho dng chp chy qua Mainboard khong 30 giy, s thy linh kin no hi b chp
Kin thc myIn bi ny(Th Nm, 26/02/2009-9:52 AM)
Gi bi vit ny cho bn b
Nhng li c bn thng gp Mainboard
Mainboard l thnh phn chnh yu trong my vi tnh. H hng do mainboard gy ra s lm cho ton b Ngng th, khng hnh, khng ting hoc chp chn khng n nh hay treo my Ni chung l chu.
i vi nhiu ngi th vic mainboard b li l cc k khng khip.
Pan 1: Khng nhn Card m rng, AGP, Sound, khng n RAM Li dng ny a s l do cc mi tip xc gia main vi cc Card m rng, RAM b hoen, r dn n khng tip xc tt. X l: V sinh sch th li hoc chuyn sang khe cm khc, th li.
Pan 2: Cht BIOS Li ny trc y do mt loi virus chuyn n tht Chip BIOS. Ngoi ra li a s l do ngi s dng mun th chc nng nng cp BIOS m ny nu do qu trnh nng cp BIOS khng thnh cng th d xc nh. Cn li, phi dng card test main th mi bit c. y ti ch c trng hp bn b die do nng cp BIOS khng thnh cng.
X l: Ghi nhn li hng sn xut mainboard, model, Fix cng nhiu chi tit cng tt. Ln Internet Search tm file BIN ca BIOS Download v n nhng ni c chp ROM nh h chp vo dm. TP.HCM bn c th n khu vc ch Nht To. Loi my chp ROM ny ch c nhng ni main ln mi c. Pan 3: Ph t. (Rt thng xy ra - do ngun khng n nh)
Hin tng my hay treo gia chng (mn hnh ng cng khng lm g c, thm ch nt RESET cng khng tc dng, ch c rt in ngun a phn cc pan khng n nh, chp chn.
Quan st cc t ha (nu cha bit th i bi vit v t s gii thiu) trn main. Trong trng hp ny cc t s bung ln theo hng c gch
X l: Thay cc t ny, mua loi 3300uF/16V (loi kch thc nh nht - v T zin trn main rt nh nu kch thc ln s khng thay c) lo nu mua l chng 1500 -> 2000 ci. (Ti thng mua nguyn bch 100 ci xi)
Cn nhiu pan khc nhng ti gii thiu cc bn nhng pan thng dng nht.
Kin thc myIn bi ny(Th T, 25/02/2009-2:01 PM)
Gi bi vit ny cho bn b
Mainboard: Cch np li BIOS ROM
y l ci kh khn nht v ta khng th ch dng phn mm l c th Np li BIOS ROM m cn phi c
Kin thc v Mainboard
1. Dng c np BIOS ROM:
y l ci kh khn nht v ta khng th ch dng phn mm l c th Np li BIOS ROM m cn phi c tools. Ti mun cp n My ROM. My np ROM th c 2 loi chnh, loi ca Vit Nam sn xut v loi nhp khu do Nc ngoi sn xut (C ngun gc i Loan, Trung Q 1.1 Loi ca Vit Nam do cng ty Thin Minh (http://www.tme.com.vn) thng ch khim tn gi l Kt Np a nng.
Theo TME th kt ny np c n 1500 Loi ROM khc nhau (??? Ci ny TME ni nha) v phin bn mi nht (thi im ti vit bi ny) gi 950.000 (Cha tnh ph bu phm) v c th chp c loi chp flash 8 pin (chn to). Hnh nh loi chp dn 8 chn khng thy nhc n. u im kh ni bt ca Kt ny l: gi r, ph hp vi ti tin ca cc dch v, ca hng nh hoc ngi mi v ngh.
Nhc im: Ch support c cc loi chip nht nh v khng ng hp nn rt d lm hng bo mch do phi tip xc trc tip vi mi trn va chm trc tip ln linh kin. 1.2 Loi nhp khu:
Hnh ti minh ha trn l do hng Xeltek sn xut. Model 580U gi khong $580 (gi ca TME lun). Loi my ny th chuyn nghip hn, su ht cc loi Flash ROM hin hnh t u a VCD, DVD, MP4, TIVI, LCD cho ti PC mainboard, Laptop, VGA card cc ni chuyn sa laptop trang b mt my loi ny. u im: chuyn nghip, chuyn dng, support hu ht cc loi ROM, flash hin hnh. Nhc im: kh c tin, khng thch hp vi cc ca hng nh hay ngi mi v ngh. 2. File.bin cha m chng trnh dng np v chip ROM BIOS:
Khi c my np ri, th vic tip theo l phi c file.bin cha m chng trnh np v chip BIOS ROM. File.bin ny ta s tm thy trn cc Web ca hng sn xut mainboard. n c v d: ti c mainboard Asus P4RDS1-MX ti vo trang http://www.asus.com vo mc download v c ng loi mainboard, kiu socket gn CPU, model, BIOS ti c danh mc cc file BIOS nh sau: http://support.asus.com/download/download.aspx?SLanguage=en-us Ti chn file mi nht v ti v: P4RD1-MX BIOS version 0302 Ti download v c file: P4RD1-MX-ASUS-0302.zip Sau khi UnZIP ti c file: P4RD1-MX-ASUS-0302.ROM (Kch thc 512KB) y chnh l file.bin ca main board Asus P4RDS1-MX
Nu bn khng c my np ROM th cng copy file ny v nh ai hoc mang ra ch (Nht To Tp.HCM, Ch Tri HN) nh ngi ta chp
Vic chp ROM ch tn chng vi pht nhng vic tm c file.bin trn mng i khi mt vi ngy. Do , theo ti tm c file .bin quan trn 3. Chun b chip ROM: i vi mainboard c socket cm chip ROM (nh hnh) Ta c th dng ny nh tho ra.
i vi loi hn dnh ln mainboard th phi dng my kh nhit tho ra.
i vi mainboard i mi nht hin nay chip BIOS thuc loi flash v dn IC dn 8 chn kch thc khonh 5mm (xem hnh). Tht bun ci bn ni vi ti mang thng my ra ca hng nh th kim tra dm c li BIOS th np li.
Hai chip di chnh l dng flash BIOSIn bi ny(Th Hai, 23/02/2009-2:50 PM)
Gi bi vit ny cho bn b
Hng dn sa Mainboard
Sau khi tt c cc ng ngun u tt: Ngun RAM, ngun CPU, ngun Chipset, ngun AGP ta lu hiu xung reset (lu n led RESET trn card test mainboard).
Kin thc v Mainboard
Chun b ngh: - Card test main (khng th thiu) nu c iu kin th trang b mt card test main lai support port 80h v 804h, c lun cng LPT cng tt dng c cho desktop ln Laptop). Xem thm bi Card Testmainboard ton tp. - CPU cc loi: thng dng nht l Sokket 478, v soket 775. - RAM cc lai: thng dng nht l SD-RAM, DDR, DDR2. - B ngun lai tt. - My kh nhit, m hn, ng h o VOM, my cp ngun.
- Cc thit b khc c tin hn nn trang b khi bn l ca hng ln: my np chip BIOS ROM (khang 500-1000$), my hin sng, my ng (khong 2000$), lm chn chip (khong 150$), li lm chn chip cc lai (khang 15$/ci). - Linh kin thay th cc lai: Mosfet, Ic ngun, chipset, chip SIO, chip LAN, chip Sound, chip Bios ROM, t lc ngun cc lai 1. Li chn thng vt l:
- Mt k thut IT kinh nghim khi cm mt mainboard nghi ng hng s quan st tht k xem c b chn thng vt l hay khng ??? Mt v xc, c th gy ra ngn mch hoc t mch. Cc slot ram, khe m rng PCI, AGP, PCIx c b chp mch hay khng. Nhiu bn my ang tho ra th 1 thanh RAM th l my i lun li cho RAM git main. Nhng s tht do bt cn thao tc khng ng cch lm cc slot ti chp nhau dn n cht main.
- Li chy, n hay ph t th rt d pht hin bng mt thng
- Cc vt bn do cn trng xm nhp li nh dn, chut s gy chp chn khng n nh thm ch chm chp v dn n cht mainboard - Vic v sinh mainboard tht sch v quan st tht k ban u rt c ch cho cng vic sa cha mainboard. 2. Li kch ngun khng c: - Cc nguyn nhn chnh:
Cht Mosfet o ni ng PS-On vi chip SIO. Hng thch anh 32k cho chipset Nam. H chn hoc li chipset Nam. H chn hoc li chip SIO.
- Mch kch ngun thng dng c 3 dng chnh:
- Trc tin, cn kim tra mc ngun 5V (hoc trn 2.5V) ti chn cng tc (PWR nh trong hnh). Nu mt th d xem mc ngun ny do chip chip NAM cp. Kh li hoc thay chip, kt thc bc ny phi c mc ngun 5V chn cng tc. - Kim tra xem mch kch ngun thuc dng no: D t chn mu xanh l n chip SIO (nh hnh minh ha). Nu c 1 ng o c =0 th dng 2 hoc dng 3.
- Cn nu tt c cc ng u > 0 th s nm dng 1. Khi c gn tm 1 mosfet nh b li (thng l chp s gy ra cm ngun chy ngay, khu vc gia dy xanh l v chip SIO.
- Nu nm dng 3 th phi kh li chip SIO hoc thay chip SIO. Nn nh phi thay ng tr s trn IC. Thng l Wxxxx hoc ITxxxx.
- Nu nm dng 2 th hi mt, v c 2 chip Nam v chip SIO phi OK ht th mi kch ngun c.
- Ngoi ra nhiu trng hp thch anh ca chipset Nam b li cng l cho chip Nam khng hot ng. Nn thay th thch anh ny trc khi x chipset Nam. 3. Kim tra cc ng cp Ngun cho RAM: (Cha cn cm CPU)
- Gn cn thn Card test main vo khe PCI. Kch PS ON, quan st cc led trn Card TEST Main. - Cc led bo ngun chun +5V, -5V, +12V, -12V , 3.3V. - Lu ng 3.3V i vi main s dng SDRAM s s dng trc tip ngun ny nu mt, hy kim tra cc pin VDD (6, 18, 26, 40, 41, 49, 59 ca slot RAM bit v tr ca cc pin. Hoc kim tra cc pin 3.3V ca khe cm PCI. - Ring DDRAM ch s dng ngun 2.5V nn trn mch s c mch n p 2.5V t ngun 3.3V hoc ngun 5V (Kim tra cc con FET xung quan cm RAM v cc chn VDD tng tng (7, 15, 22, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 70, 77, 85, 96, 104, 108, 112, 120, 128, 136, 143, 148, 156, 164, 168, 180).
- Cc chn ngun cho DDR2:
- Cc chn ngun cho DDR3:
- Nu mt th tip tc kim tra cc con FET xung quanh chn RAM, hoc IC dao ng ngun cp cho cc con FET ny. Thay IC hoc thay FET. - T lc ngun cho RAM ph hay kh n n main chp chn lc chy lc khng v thng bo li RAM v c. 4. Mch cp ngun cho RAM, chip cu Nam, chip cu Bc, khe AGP, PCIx: - Dng cho RAM:
- Dng cho chipset:
- Dng 1:
Dng 2:
Dng 3:
Dng 4:
- Dng 5:
- Dng 6:
- Dng 7:
- Dng 8:
5. Kim tra ng ngun cp cho chip Nam v AGP hoc PCIx: - Tng t nh RAM, xung quanh chip Nam c 1 hoc vi con FET cp ngun cho chip Nam. - Tng t vi AGP v PCIx. Mt s trng hp AGP dng chung ngun vi chip Nam.
- i vi a s mainboard, ta ch cn cm ngun m khng cn cm CPU l c th kch ngun kim tra. Khi ta s o ngun cp cho RAM ngun cp cho RAM cha OK th phi sa phn ny trc n khi OK mi lm bc tip theo. 6. Kim tra ngun cp cho CPU: - Ngun RAM OK, th ta s cm CPU vo v kch ngun.
- Lu , khi cha lp CPU vo th ngun cp cho CPU s bng 0v.
- Kim tra cc ng cp ngun cho CPU. (Cc con FET to xung quanh socket gn CPU, o ti chn cc cuc dy ng to qun quanh 1 li hn c mc ngun tng ng vi ngun cp cho CPU).
- Hin tng ngn mch dn n mt ngun cp cho CPU rt thng xy ra. 70-80% main cht u do bnh ny. Nu con FET no b ngn m bt my r tay s rt nng. - K l cc IC dao ng ngun - rt thng xy ra, IC driver cp cho chn G cc con FET.
- Mt s trng hp ngun c nhng khng n nh s dn n kn CPU do ngun khng cp ra c ng ngun nui CPU lm CPU khng c ny a phn do cc t lc ngun CPU b ph hoc kh, thay ht l tt nht. - Xem thm bi Mch cp ngun cho CPU trn mainboard ti phn tch k hn v mch ny. - Xem thm bi Kinh nghim thay Mosfet tng ng dnh cho mainboard. 7. Kim tra tn hiu xung RESET:
- Sau khi tt c cc ng ngun u tt: Ngun RAM, ngun CPU, ngun Chipset, ngun AGP ta lu n tn hiu xung reset (lu n led trn card test mainboard).
- Sau khi kim tra cc led bo ngun OK, led RESET s sng ln 0.5s ri tt l xung Reset tt. Mt xung reset l n reset khng sng ho hoi. - Khi mt xung reset cn lu cc nguyn nhn:
Jumper CLEAR CMOS khng cm vo Main Mt ngun 1,8V cp cho Chipset Hng mch Clock Gen (cha c xung Clock) Mt ngun 1,5V cp cho Chipset Mt tn hiu P.G t ngun ATX cp xung Main qua dy mu xm Mch VRM c s c (khng c tn hiu VRM_GD) Cha gn CPU vo Mainboard - mch VRM khng hot ng Hng mch n p cho RAM hoc cho Card AGP
- Lu thm: nu cc php kim tra trn u cho kt qu Tt th chip Nam c th h chn hoc b li. Kh li hoc thay chip Nam. 8. Kim tra xung clock chnh cp cho mainboard v CPU: - n led Clk trn card test sng cho thy mch dao ng chnh cho mainboard tt.
- Sau khi ngun cho CPU ok th kim tra ic dao ng (nm gn thch anh). Bc ny cn phi c my hin sng nu khng th thay th thc kh li hoc thay ic dao ng.
- V tr ca chp xung clock chnh cho mainboard v CPU:
9. Chip BIOS ROM b li:
sau cc bc kim tra trc: xung Clock, ngun CPU, ngun RAM, ngun chipset, xung Reset OK m mainboard vn cha chy th go. V cc li sau y a s l do kinh nghim c t kt: 1. CPU khng tng thch (mainboard khng support ti) 2. CPU tip xc khng tt (tho ra gn li, v sinh mt tip xc i vi socket 775) 3. H socket gn CPU (do hat ng lu ngy v nhit cao) 4. Li chip BIOS ROM (tho chp BIOS ROM ra v sinh, nu khng th np li th) 5. H chp cu Bc (phi hp chip hoc ng li chip, ci ny phi c my ng chip mi lm c) Nu mainboard chy nhng li treo ngay mn hnh CMOS th a phn l do h chip cu NAM .
10. Tra thng s bo trn card test main: - Nu cc bc trn u OK nht nh card test main s hin th qu trnh POST v hin th cc m lnh POST. Bng tra y nht ti y: http://www.postcodemaster.com/ 11. Cc kh khn trong khi sa main:
- Linh kin thay th nh cc IC dao ng, chip IO, chipset rt kh mua hoc l phi mua s lng ln v mua t Trung Quc. Nu mua li VN m tin. Tt nht l t su tm cc main h ly dt. - Thit b chuyn dng rt c tin (nh nu phn u)
