KI1101-2012-KD Lec05c ChemicalBondingMOTheory

8/11/2019 KI1101-2012-KD Lec05c ChemicalBondingMOTheory

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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1 of 53

Philip !tton

"ni#ersity of $indsor% CanadaPrentice-Hall 2007

CH&'(S)*+

Ninth

EditionG&,&*.

Principles and 'odern pplications

Petrucci Harwood Herring Madura

Chemical /ondin


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Contents

11-1 $hat a /ondin )heory Sho!ld o

11-2 (ntrod!ction to the alence-/ond 'ethod

11-3 Hyridiation of tomic 4ritals

11- '!ltiple Co#alent /onds

11-5 'olec!lar 4rital )heory11-6 elocalied &lectrons: /ondin in the /enene

'olec!le

11-7 /ondin in 'etals

11- Some "nresol#ed (ss!es:Can &lectron Chare-ensity Plots Help8

Focus On Photoelectron Spectroscopy


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11-1 $hat a /ondin )heory Sho!ld o

/rin atoms toether from a distance9 e- are attracted to oth n!clei9

e- are repelled y each other9

,!clei are repelled y each other9Plot the total potential enery #erses

distance9

-#e eneries correspond to net attracti#e forces9

#e eneries correspond to net rep!lsi#e forces9


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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide of 53

Potential &nery iaram


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11-2 (ntrod!ction to the

alence-/ond 'ethod

tomic orital o#erlap descries co#alent

ondin9rea of o#erlap of oritals is in phase.

localizedmodel of ondin9


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/ondin in H2S


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Using the Valence-Bond Method to Describe a Molecular

Structure.

escrie the phosphine molec!le% PH3% y the #alence-ond

method99

Identify valence electrons

EXAMPLE 11-1


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S!etch the orbitals

"verlap the orbitals

Describe the shape

EXAMPLE 11-1

H

H

H

H

)rional pyramidal


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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide ; of 53

11-3 Hyridiation of tomic 4ritals


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sp3 Hyridiation


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sp3Hyridiation


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/ondin in 'ethane


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sp3Hyridiation in ,itroen


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/ondin in ,itroen


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sp2Hyridiation


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4ritals in /oron


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sp Hyridiation


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4ritals in /erylli!m


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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1; of 53

sp3d and sp3d2Hyridiation


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Hyrid 4ritals and S&P*

$rite a pla!sile .e


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11- '!ltiple Co#alent /onds

&thylene has a doubleond in its .e


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&thylene


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cetylene

cetylene% C2H2% has a tripleond9

S&P* says linear at caron9


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11-5 'olec!lar 4rital )heory

tomic oritals are isolated on atoms9

'olec!lar oritals span t ?1 ?2 =2> ?1- ?2


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Cominin tomic 4ritals


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'olec!lar 4ritals of Hydroen


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/asic (deas Concernin '4s

,!mer of '4s > ,!mer of 4s9

/ondin and antiondin '4s formed from

4s9

e-fill the lo


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/ond 4rder

Stale species ha#e more electrons in

ondin oritals than antiondin9

/ond 4rder >,o9 e-in ondin '4s - ,o9 e- in antiondin '4s

2


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iatomic 'olec!les of the Birst-Period

/4 > 1-0DE2 > FH2

/4 > 2-0DE2 > 1H2

/4 > 2-1DE2 > FHe2

/4 > 2-2DE2 > 0He2

/4 > #e-bond- e-antibondDE2


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'olec!lar 4ritals of the Second Period

Birst period !se only 1s oritals9

Second period ha#e 2s and 2p oritals

a#ailale9

p orital o#erlap:

&nd-on o#erlap is est sima ond D9 Side-on o#erlap is ood pi ond ID9


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'olec!lar 4ritals of the Second Period


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Cominin p oritals


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&@pected '4 iaram of C2

Slide 33 of 53 General Chemistry: Chapter 11 Prentice-Hall 2007


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'odified '4 iaram of C2


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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 35 of 53Prentice-Hall 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 11

'4 iarams of 2ndPeriod iatomics

Slide 35 of 53 General Chemistry: Chapter 11 Prentice-Hall 2007


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'4 iarams of Heteron!clear iatomics


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'4 iarams of Heteron!clear iatomics


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11-6 elocalied &lectrons


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/enene


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/enene


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/enene


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4one


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11-7 /ondin in 'etals

&lectron sea model ,!clei in a sea of e-9

'etallic l!ster9

'alleaility9

Borce applied


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/ondin in 'etals

/and theory9&@tension of '4 theory9

, atoms i#e , oritals

that are closely spaced in

enery9

J ,E2 are filled9

)he #alence and9J ,E2 are empty9

)he cond!ction and9


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/and )heory


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/and )heory


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Semicond!ctors


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Photo#oltaic Cells


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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide ; of 53

11- Some "nresol#ed (ss!es: Can &lectron

Chare-ensity Plots Help8

ccommodation of e@tra #alence electrons8

(n molec!les s!ch as SB6 and SB9

re d-oritals !sed in the ondin description8

$hat pro#ides the more f!ndamental #ie

KI1101-2012-KD Lec05c ChemicalBondingMOTheory

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