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GVHD : TS. Nguyn
Nhm thchin : NguynKh
mThuHu
NguynThH
LuThPh
inhQuang T
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Nm 1928, Alexander Fleming nh khoa hc ngi Scotland, ln
utin thytrong mi trngnui cytcuvng nuc lnnm
penicilinum th khun lcgnnmskhng pht trinc. Nm
1939, Florey v Chain chit c ra t nm cht penicllin
dng trong iu tr. Nm 1941, cc nh khoa hc ch ra loi
penicillin c hottnh cao hnctriulnpenicillin do Fleming tm
thynm1928.
CuithkXX, cng nghsinh hcv ha dcpht trinmnh,
ngi ta tm ra rtnhiu lakhng sinh mi. Ngy nay con ngi
bitckhong8000 chtkhng sinh dng trong y khoa v th y.
1. Lchshnh thnh.
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Sdngkhng sinh trong chnnuiv nui trngthysn l vic s dng khng sinh cho mc ch no
trong chnnui cagia sc , trong bao gmkhng ch
l iutrhociutrdphng cabnh m cn sdng
trong thcngia scthc ytngtrngv nng cao
hiuquthcntrong vicchnnui gia sc tptrung.Khng sinh (bao gmcthuckhng sinh v thucchng
nm)v cc loithuckhc csdngbibc sth y
v ngichnnui tngsckhng casc, gia cm
v ngvtnui khc.
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2. Khi nimchtkhng sinh
Mmbnh( Cc VSV gybnh) Vtnuibbnh
Khng sinh l nhngchthucc cutophctp, c ngungcvi sinh vt,
hphoctnghpha hc, chng cavo cthnhmtiu dithoc
nguyn sinh ngvtv nmcgybnhcho cth.
Khng sinh khng c tc dngiutrbnhdo vi rt gy ra.
Kh
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Ch c tc dngiu trngbnhdo mi loi khng sinh c tc dngvi
mmbnhnhtnh
Khng sinh tiu ditvi khungybnhnhngngthicngph hoisc
hccatponvi sinh vttrong ngtiu ha, toiukinpht sinh ccbnh
Sdngkhng sinh khng ngliulng trong thigian di d lm cho vi
i, trnn khng thuc, rtkh iutrkhibnh
cimthuckhng sinh:
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48%
36%
16%
Dung dch tim v ung
Bt ung
Bt pha tim
Tlcc dngbo chchyuca
khng sinh trong chnnuiMtsthuckhng sinh
chnnui v th
Phn loikhng sinh:
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CCH PHN LOI PHN LOIDavo mctc dng - Khng sinh ditkhun.
- Khng sinh km khun.
Davophtc dngcakhng sinh
- Nhm cphtc dnghp, chtc dngchyuln 1 loiha
no , chng tc dngvicvi khunGr+, Gr- v.v.
Davo ngungc - Khng sinh c ngungctsinh vt, xkhun.
- Nhm khng sinh c ngungcha dchay do con ngit
Davo cchtc dng- Nhm khng sinh c tc dngln t bo vi khun.
- Nhm thuctc dngln hphi bo lm riloncc hot
trong nguyn sinh cht.
Phn loikhng sinh:
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TT NHM TC DNG TN LOI THU
1 - Lactam Trccbnhnhimtrng v lin cuvtnui
Peniciline, Amoxycilline, Cloxaciline
2 Aminoglucosides Trccbnhthuyttrng, vim ngtitniu, sinh dc
Apramycin, Kanamycin, Spectinomy
3 Macrolides Vim ph qun phi, huyt nhim cukhun..
Erythromycin, Josamycin, Spiramycin
4 Tetracyclin Nhim khun ng rut, a chy do
E.coli, Salmonella
Tetracyclin, Oxytetracyclin, Doxycyc
5 Fluoro quinolones Vimphi,, vim hchnhn, vim xoan,vim cttygia sc
Flumequine,, Norfloxacin, Marboflox
6 Polymyxins Tr ccbnh h hp, tiu ha, bnh nhitthn
Colistin
7 Griseofulvin Chngnm Nystatin, Flucytosine, Ketoconazole
8 Phenicol Trccbnhtruynnhim Chloramphenicol
Mtsnhm khng sinh sdngtrong chnnui:
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- Chnhtheophtc dng, nunhimkhunxc nh, dng khng sinhph
- Dng liutcnngv nnh, khng dng liutngdn
- Chdng khng sinh cho nhimkhun, khng dng cho nhimvirus, dng cng
- Dng thigian
- Chnthuctheo dcnghc( hpth, phnphi, chuynha, thitr)phnhimkhunv tnh trngbnhsc
- Phihpviccbinphp iutrkhc
- Phng ngabngthuckhng sinhphiththpl
Nguyn tcsdngkhng sinh
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c ch chuyn haaxit folic
Tnthngmng tboPolypeotides
DHF A
THF A
ADN
RIBOSOM
SunfamidesPrimethoprim
PABA
- Lactamin (Amoicilin, Amocxilin)Glycopeptide (Vancomycine)
Polimycine (Bacitracine)
cchtnghpthnh tbo
Cchtc ngcak
4 c ch:
1. c ch tng hp vch t bo:
Khng sinh c ch sinh tng hp vch nhcc -lactam, vancomycin.
2. c ch tng hp protein: Khng sinh c
ch tng hp protein ca vi khun mc
ribosom:
+ Streptomycin,nhm aminoglycoside,tetracyclin c ch tng hp protein bng
cch gn vo tiu phn 30s ribosom ca vi
khun.
+ Macrolid, Lincosamid, Chloranphenicol
li tc ng bng cch gn vo tiu phn
50s ca ribosome.
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Cchtc ngcak
4 c ch:
3. c ch chc nng mng: Khng sinhgy ri lon chc nng thm thu chn
lccamng nguyn tng: Polymycin.
4. cchtnghpaxit nucleic:
+ Khng sinh c tc dngcchtnghp
nucleic acid 3 mckhc nhau.+ Tc ng vo sao chp ADN: nhm
quinolon.
+ cchsao m ARN: rifampicin
+ c ch tng hp cc nucleotid:
sulfamid v trimethoprim.
c ch chuyn haaxit folic
Tnthngmng tboPolypeotides
DHF A
THF A
ADN
RIBOSOM
SunfamidesPrimethoprim
PABA
- Lactamin (Amoicilin, Amocxilin)Glycopeptide (Vancomycine)
Polimycine (Bacitracine)
cchtnghpthnh tbo
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- Khng sinh khng tctingngtc dngtinhimkhun, do liuln
do dcnghckhng thch hp, do tngtc thuclm gimtc dngcakh
- Do vi khunkhng thuc, cnthay khng sinh khc hocphihpkhng sin
- Vi khunkhng khng sinh
Khng tnhin: vi khunc tnh khng ttrckhi tipxc vikhng sinhKhng mcphi: vi khunangnhycmvikhng sinh, sau mtthigian ti
khng nhycmna
Nhngnguyn nhn thtbikhi sdngkhng sinh
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C 2 phngphp thngcsdngtrong thct:
1. Nui cychitlydchtitcachng trong mi trngnui cyv tinh ch
- Phngphp ny gy totbinngunhin v chnnhngdng vi sinh vtc n
-Thnghimcc loimi trngnui cychnmi trngthch hp
- Phngphp ny thngtnthigian v cho nngsutthp
2.ngdngcng nghgen snxut.- CyDNA ti thpc ongen quy nhvicsnxutkhng sinh vo vi khun
- Nui trong mi trngthunlipht trinnhanh
- Phngphp thu cnngsutcao, tora cnhiuloikhng sinh miv tr
khng thucvi khun
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1. Khng sinh cncsdngliuiutrv liutrnh. Cnnhv
tccbncaliuphp khng sinh l NHANH,MNH,THIGIAN.
2. Khng sdngkhng sinh cho cc trnghpnhimkhunnh.C nhiu
nh,cthc thtchngm khng cnsdngkhng sinh.
3. Nuc th,utin dng khng sinh tc ngtichhnl ton thn. V
sinh ton thn utin cho cc ca nhimtrng nng.
4. Khng sdngkhng sinhphrngnuvi khungy nhimtrng nhy
khng sinhphhp.
5. Vic chn la khng sinh cncnc vo nguyn nhn gy bnh thn
chnglm sng v cc xt nghimcnlm sng.
6. Cnlu cc thng sdcnghcchnkhng sinhm mmbn
cmv khng sinh c khnngtptrung vo mbnh,t gy tc dngphcho
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1. Timnngcavicsdngkhng sinh trong chnnui v nui trngthys
- Gia tnghiuquv tctngtrng- iutrlm sng ngvtbmcbnhv ngnngahoc lm gimtlmc
nhim.
- Chngliccbnhcth.
2. Nhnghnchkhi sdngkhng sinh
- Khng sinh c thnhimvo thcndo tipxc vimi trngc chakhng sin
- Khng sinh c thtndtrong snphmchnnui do sdngkhng sinh thng
chtngtrngcho gia sc hocpha vo nciutrdchbnh
- Khng sinh c thcho thngvo thcphmvimcchcch, tiu ditvi sinh v
- Khng sinh sdngchabnhcho gia sc, sau licgitthtm khng c t
cnthit
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Giihntiacakhng sinh tndtrong cc snphmchnnui cc ncEU
Khng c s dng Tylosin cho n g trng thng phm
C, m, gan, thnHeo, gia cmTylosin
Gan
m, daC
G thtSpiramycin
Thn
GanTrngCSa
Tt c cc loi ng vtOxitetracyclin v
Tetracyclin
ThnGan
TrngCSa
Tt c cc loi ng vtChlortetracyclin
C, gan, thn, m.Sa.
Tt c cc loi ng vtOxacillin
C, gan, thn, m.
Sa.Tt c cc loi ng vtAmpicillin
Loi thc phmLoi ng vtLoi khng sinh
(Ngun: Bir GzaBir Gr
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Gentian Violet (Crystal violet)14
Green Malachite (Xanh Malachite)13
Tylosin phosphate12
Bacitracin Zn11
Olaquindox10
Carbadox9
Ofloxacin8
Ciprofloxacin7
Eprofloxacin6
Dipterex (Tn khac: Metriphonat, Trichlorphon, Neguvon, Chlorophos, DTHP), DDVP (Tn khac: DDichlorovos)
5
Metronidazole (Tn khac: Trichomonacid, Flagyl, Klion, Avimetronid)4
Dimetridazole (Tn khac: Emtryl)3
Furazolidon vadn xut ca nhom Nitrofuran (Nitrofuran, Furacillin, Nitrofurazon, Furacin, Nitrofura
Orafuran, Furadonin, Furadantin, Furaltadon, Payzone, Furazolin, Nitrofurmethon, Nitrofuridin
2
Chloramphenicol (Tn khac: Chloromycetin, Chlornitromycin, Laevomycin, Chlorocid, Leukomycin)1
Tn hoa cht v khang sinhTT
Nhng ha cht, khng sinh b cm s dng trong TY V
(Thng ts15/2009/TT-BNN ngy 17 thang 3 nm2009, BNN & PTNT)
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Nhom Fluoroquinolones (cm sdng trong sn xut, kinh doanh thy snxut khu vo thitrngMy v BcMy)19
Gentian Violet (Crystal violet)18
Trichlorfon (Dipterex)17
Glycopeptides16
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)15
Clenbuterol14
Cac Nitroimidazole khac13
Ipronidazole12Geen Malachite (Xanh Malachite)11
Ronidazole10
Nitrofuran (bao gm c Furazolidone)9Metronidazole8
Dimetridazole7
Dapsone6
Colchicine5
Chlorpromazine4
Chloroform3
Chloramphenicol2
Thc
cht, ch
trng
trng, c
bi da
khu s
trng
nc v
nghc
bin.
Aristolochia spp v cac ch phm t chng1
i tTn hoa cht, khang sinhTT
Danh mc ha cht, khng sinh cm sdng trong Th
(Thng ts15/2009/TT-BNN ngy 17 thang 3 nm2009, BNN & PTNT)
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