Key Terms County unit system County unit system Independent movement Independent movement Dr. William Felton Dr. William Felton Farmers alliance & the Farmers alliance & the Grange Grange Populist movement Populist movement Tom Watson Tom Watson Disfranchisement Disfranchisement Poll tax Poll tax Literacy test Literacy test Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause White primary White primary Jim Crow laws Jim Crow laws Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson Atlanta Race Riot of Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 1906 Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois John Hope John Hope Lugenia Hope Lugenia Hope Progressive Movement Progressive Movement Settlement Houses Settlement Houses Rebecca Latimer Felton Rebecca Latimer Felton Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage Prohibition Prohibition Child Labor Child Labor Leo Frank Case Leo Frank Case Convict Lease System Convict Lease System
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Key Terms County unit systemIndependent movement Dr. William FeltonFarmers alliance & the Grange Populist movementTom Watson DisfranchisementPoll tax Literacy.
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Key TermsCounty unit systemCounty unit system Independent movementIndependent movementDr. William FeltonDr. William Felton Farmers alliance & the Farmers alliance & the GrangeGrangePopulist movementPopulist movement Tom WatsonTom WatsonDisfranchisementDisfranchisement Poll taxPoll taxLiteracy testLiteracy test Grandfather ClauseGrandfather ClauseWhite primaryWhite primary Jim Crow lawsJim Crow lawsPlessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson Atlanta Race Riot of Atlanta Race Riot of 19061906Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington W.E.B. DuboisW.E.B. DuboisJohn HopeJohn Hope Lugenia HopeLugenia HopeProgressive MovementProgressive Movement Settlement HousesSettlement HousesRebecca Latimer FeltonRebecca Latimer Felton Women’s SuffrageWomen’s SuffrageProhibition Prohibition Child LaborChild LaborLeo Frank CaseLeo Frank Case Convict Lease SystemConvict Lease System
Changes in Georgia and the Nation
1869-19171869-1917•Politics
•Segregation and Discrimination
•The Progressive Movement
Politics• The Bourbon Triumvirate and the
Democratic Party ruled the state of Georgia.
• In 1877 the Georgia legislators rewrite the state constitution and create the county unit system.
• This gave smaller rural counties an advantage in elections to the state legislature.
• Independent Movement the Independent candidate, Dr. William Felton, from Georgia, won a seat in the US Congress by supporting the small farmers over the large landowners. (1874-1882)
• The formation of small farmer organizations started getting involved in politics. (Grange and Farmers Alliance had over a million members nationwide)
Segregation and Discrimination• Disfranchisement means depriving a
person of one of the rights of citizenship, such as the right to vote.
• Some of the ways whites kept Georgia’s African-Americans disfranchised:-poll tax -a fee paid to vote-literacy test -determine if people could read-Grandfather clause -could vote if father or grandfather voted.-White Primary- blacks could only vote in general election, not primary.
Segregation and Discrimination• Before the Civil War, slavery had
separated the races.• After the war, southern states passed
Jim Crow Laws to keep them apart.• The government ruled that the 14th
amendment applied only to governments and not private citizens and businesses.
• Public places such as restaurants, trains, waiting rooms, and even drinking fountains became segregated.
Segregation and Discrimination• African-Americans and their white
supporters felt this was unconstitutional and took their complaints to the supreme Court.
• In 1896 the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that “separate but equal” facilities were not unconstitutional. (It wouldn’t be until 1954 that it was reversed)
• Separate but Equal became the law of the land. All society was segregated.
Segregation and Discrimination(Racial Violence)
• From Reconstruction until the 1950’s lynching (shooting or hanging) was used to control African-Americans.
• Many times these lynchings were started by nothing more than a rumor
• The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 was started when two candidates running for the governors office (Hoke Smith & Clarke Howell) used their newspapers to spread racial rumors. This caused a racial riot in Atlanta with hundreds wounded , 30 dead and thousands leaving Atlanta for safety of countryside.
Segregation and DiscriminationEarly Civil Rights Leaders
• Booker T. Washington (teacher) would promote racial acceptance through “earning the respect and right to demand equality.”
• W.E.B. DuBois (professor) believed that African- Americans “deserved” the rights that whites had.
• John Hope (college president) Believed blacks should receive same education as whites. His wife Lugenia Hope also championed African-American causes and programs.