Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability 41 st Annual NDIA Symposium Presented by: Dave Buis The Boeing Company 19 November 2003
Dec 31, 2015
Key Technologies for UAV Interoperability
41st Annual NDIA SymposiumPresented by: Dave Buis
The Boeing Company
19 November 2003
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis2
Agenda
• What is Interoperability
• UAV Roles and Missions
• UAV Interoperability in a System of Systems
• Interoperability Technologies
–Mission Management
–Communications
–Processing Architecture / Infrastructure
–Human Systems Interface
–Cooperative Adaptive Autonomy
• Civil and Commercial Operations in the NAS
• Summary
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis3
What is Interoperability?
Vitale Garber, Interoperability OSD, NDIA, Systems Engineering Conference, October, 2002
419 Nov 2003 – Dave
Buis
Manned AircraftManned Aircraft
ASW
Stand-OutAEA
CAS
Air Combat
Strike
High Value Strike
Deep Strike
Armed Recce
Penetrating ISR
Directed EnergyLethal SEAD
Reactive SEAD
BDA
AEW
CommRelay
Non- Pene ISR
Information Operations
Stand-In AEA
TAC Recce
Non-Lethal SEAD
ASuW
High
Low
Low High
MissionComplexity
Likelihood of Encounter - Lethal / Integrated Threat
Cruise MissilesCruise Missiles
Current UAVsCurrent UAVs
UAV’s In Development
UAV’s In Development
Mission Complexity:Low: Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmableMedium: Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logicHigh: Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator.
Highly situation dependent
Military Roles & Missions for Unmanned Systems Will Continue to Expand
Future UAV Potenial
Future UAV Potenial
Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Field
Commanders
Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options Available to Field
Commanders
519 Nov 2003 – Dave
Buis
Mission Complexity:Low - Preplanned and/or simple operator interaction, readily pre-programmableMedium -Frequent near-real time decisions, compatible with machine decision logicHigh - Numerous complex, real-time decisions / reactions by operator.Highly situation dependent
Manned AircraftManned Aircraft
Safety Complexity
Roles and Missions for Unmanned Systems will Expand into Civil and Commercial Applications
Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options
Available to Customers
Manned, Unmanned, or Combined Options
Available to CustomersGP30110038.ppt
High
Low
Low High
MissionComplexity
Fire Fighting
Border &Drug Traffic Patrol
Search & Rescue
NationalAutomated Vehicle
Highway
PAV
Passenger Transport
Cargo Transport
Illegal Activity Monitoring
Infrastructure &Agriculture Inspections
Autonomous Construction
Atmospheric, Geological, Volcanic, Oceanic Monitoring
Riot Control
Investigative Journalism of Remote/Forbidden Areas
Satellite Repair
CommRelay
Interior Inspection of Pipelines
Automated Distribution Warehouse
Crime Scene Investigation
Traffic Monitoring
Resource Exploration
Infrastructure Repair
Emergency Response
Fertilizer, Pesticide, Fire Retardant Application
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis6
An Unmanned System isa Network-Enabled System
Key issues:• Mission management architecture with
cooperative, adaptive, autonomy• Communications (connectivity, bandwidth)
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis7
UAVs Must be Fully Integrated Into Network Centric Operations
Key considerations:• Level of integrated operations
- Manned / unmanned interoperability• Interoperable / Integrated Operating Environment• UAV Mission Management
NAVY
Link-16Link-16
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis8
Elements of a Mission Management Architecture
Inputs Outputs
Mission Management Architecture Is Central to Interoperability Mission Management Architecture Is Central to Interoperability
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Decision Aiding• Multi-level Autonomy
• Multi -UCAV Cooperation• Manned Platform Cooperation
SharedData
DynamicMissionPlanning
MissionManagement
• SituationAwareness
IntuitiveHumanSystem
InterfaceData Processing
• Fusion• ATC
• Other
Open Client / Server Architecture Infrastructure
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Intelligent Software System (ISS)
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Decision Aiding• Multi-level Autonomy
• Multi -UCAV Cooperation• Manned Platform Cooperation
SharedData
SharedData
DynamicMissionPlanning
DynamicMissionPlanning
MissionManagement
• SituationAwareness
IntuitiveHumanSystem
Interface
IntuitiveHumanSystem
InterfaceData Processing
• Fusion• ATC
• Other
Data Processing• Fusion
• ATC• Other
Open Client / Server Architecture Infrastructure
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Intelligent Software System (ISS)
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Decision Aiding• Multi-level Autonomy
• Multi -UCAV Cooperation• Manned Platform Cooperation
SharedData
SharedData
DynamicMissionPlanning
DynamicMissionPlanning
MissionManagement
• SituationAwareness
IntuitiveHumanSystem
Interface
IntuitiveHumanSystem
InterfaceData Processing
• Fusion• ATC
• Other
Data Processing• Fusion
• ATC• Other
Open Client / Server Architecture Infrastructure
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Intelligent Software System (ISS)
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Contingency Management• Response to anomaly events
• Ensure Safe Operation in Airspace
Decision Aiding• Multi-level Autonomy
• Multi -UCAV Cooperation• Manned Platform Cooperation
SharedData
SharedData
DynamicMissionPlanning
DynamicMissionPlanning
MissionManagement
• SituationAwareness
IntuitiveHumanSystem
Interface
IntuitiveHumanSystem
InterfaceData Processing
• Fusion• ATC
• Other
Data Processing• Fusion
• ATC• Other
Open Client / Server Architecture Infrastructure
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Secure, Efficient Comms
• MCS to Air Vehicle
• Integration into C4ISR
Arch.
Intelligent Software System (ISS)
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis9
Mission Management Elements Reside in Both MCS & UAV
StoresStores
SensorsSensorsCommand
ControlCommand
ControlSignal / DataProcessing
(e.g., Sensor Fusion,Automatic Target Cueing)
Signal / DataProcessing
(e.g., Sensor Fusion,Automatic Target Cueing)
ContingencyManagementContingencyManagement
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
Integrated Vehicle HealthManagement
Integrated Vehicle HealthManagement
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
DistributedData Services
DistributedData Services
MissionManagement
MissionManagement
HumanSystem
Interface
HumanSystem
Interface
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
CAOC &External I/F
CAOC &External I/F
Air Vehicle
MCS
ContingencyManagementContingencyManagement
ContingencyManagementContingencyManagement
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
Decision Aiding(Multi Level Autonomy)
HumanSystem
Interface
HumanSystem
Interface
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
BandwidthEfficient
Communication
ContingencyManagementContingencyManagement
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis10
Space
Air
Terrestrial
Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network
Information Grid Enables Data Sharing Across a Flexible Robust Network
Network Centric Architecture
• Addressable Nodes at sensor level
• Dynamic & Redundant Routing
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis11
GP24197022.ppt
Intel BroadcastsIntel Broadcasts
ATOs/ATOs/DynamicDynamic
RetaskingRetasking
NTM Systems
NTM Systems
LOS Data LinkLOS Data Link
Reachbackto CONUS
Reachbackto CONUS
UAVUAV
MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS,
Rivet Joint, etc.
MMA, E2-C, Joint STARS,
Rivet Joint, etc.
MILSTAR, Gapfiller/Commercial Ku
MILSTAR, Gapfiller/Commercial Ku
Theater ROEand GuidanceTheater ROE
and Guidance
SARSAR
MCS
CVBGCVBG
ESMESMStrike Strike
PackagePackage
EOEO
GMTIGMTI
LOS Data Link(Link-16, TCDL, MADL)
LOS Data Link(Link-16, TCDL, MADL)
Link-16Link-16
Interoperability Considerations:• Established Ops Procedures (CONOPS)• On-Board Processing (sharing Info vs Data)• Competition for Spectrum
• Bandwidth• Number of Channels (Availability)
• System interfaces• Probability of Detection, Intercept, Jamming• Encryption Support
Communications Integration- Digital Network of Diverse Platforms
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis12
Adaptable Human System Interface
•Provides Mission Commander the right information to predict and anticipate
• Vehicle situation /location
• Target / threat environment
• Reconfigurable displays for various vehicles and missions
• Multiple vehicle control with single operator
User-Friendly HSI Provides Command & Control for Mixed OperationsUser-Friendly HSI Provides Command & Control for Mixed Operations
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis13
Vehicle Mgmt System• Vehicle Control• Trajectory Mgmt• Flight Control• Mission Planning
Mission Mgmt System• Mission Monitoring• Decision Aiding• Collision Avoidance• Situational Awareness• Data Mining/Sensor Mgmt• Mission Health• Contingency Mgmt• Communications with Manned Airspace/Controller
System of Systems
• Integration w/Multiple Mission Control Systems• Cooperative Autonomous Multi-Platform Mission Control• Dynamic Re-Planning • Multi-Vehicle Health• Formation Flight• Multi-Agent Collaboration• Mixed Initiative Behaviors
AutonomousVehicles
MissionAdaptive
AutonomousVehicles
CooperativeMission Adaptive
AutonomousVehicles
Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous SystemsEnables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management
Cooperative Mission Adaptive Autonomous SystemsEnables Higher Level Decision Making & Mission Management
Autonomous Systems Technologiesare Critical for Interoperability
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis14
Ops in the NAS End State Capabilities
Fully Integrated intoClass A Airspace
FL180
C, D, EAirspace
C, D, EAirspace
ARTCC
ATC Commands• Airspeed• Route of Flight
Command &Control
(LOS, BLOS)
C2 “Hand-Off”
Near Real Time Weather Information @ Control Station
Autonomous Conflict Avoidance with Cooperating & Non-Cooperating A/C
Weather SensingAir VehicleAuto-Land
Enhancements(Including Security)
SurfaceOperations
C, D, EAirspace
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis15
UNITE / Access 5
Routine Operations Above
FL 400 Through Restricted Airspace
Routine Operations Above FL 180
Through Restricted Airspace
Routine Operations Above FL 180 Through C,
D, E Airspace
Routine Operations Above FL 180
Through C, D, E Airspace
Emergency to ROAAirport
ExperimentalCertification
Standard Certificate
of Airworthiness
Establish TypeCertification Basis
Special AirworthinessCertification
STEP1
STEP2
STEP3
STEP4
Achieve Routine, Safe and Reliable Access in the NAS for HALE UAVAchieve Routine, Safe and Reliable Access in the NAS for HALE UAV
Steps 1&2 currently funded
19 Nov 2003 – Dave Buis16
Summary
• Interoperability of diverse systems is critical to UAV future
–Expanding roles for military applications
–Civil and commercial applications
–Mixed operations with manned aircraft
• Technologies required for interoperability
–Robust and secure communications via multiple links
–Key Network Centric System Interface Standards
–Adaptable cooperative autonomy for command & control of vehicle and sensors
–Adaptable User-friendly Human Systems Interface
• Regulatory and policy issues must be addressed to enable UAV’s to operate in the NAS