2013 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Project Key Findings Prof. Tae Hoon Oum, Dr. Yap Yin Choo, Prof. Chunyan Yu ATRS Global Airport Benchmarking Task Force: Ai P ifi PF th Xi F Y H k L Y i hi Y hid J ht L Shi H k Asia Pacific: P . Forsyth, Xiaowen Fu, Y eong‐Heok Lee, Y uichiro Y oshida, Japhet Law, Shinya Hanaoka Europe: Nicole Adler, Jaap de Wit, Hans‐Martin Niemeier, Eric Pels North America: Tae Oum, Bijan Vasigh, Jia Yan, Chunyan Yu Middle East: Paul Hooper
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2013 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Project
Key FindingsProf. Tae Hoon Oum, Dr. Yap Yin Choo, Prof. Chunyan Yu
ATRS Global Airport Benchmarking Task Force:A i P ifi P F th Xi F Y H k L Y i hi Y hid J h t L Shi H kAsia Pacific: P. Forsyth, Xiaowen Fu, Yeong‐Heok Lee, Yuichiro Yoshida, Japhet Law, Shinya Hanaoka
Europe: Nicole Adler, Jaap de Wit, Hans‐Martin Niemeier, Eric PelsNorth America: Tae Oum, Bijan Vasigh, Jia Yan, Chunyan Yu
Middle East: Paul Hooper
OUTLINE
Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study
Airports Included and ATRS Database
Some Characteristics of Sample Airports
MethodologyMethodology
Key Results on Efficiency and Costs
User Charge Comparisons
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
OBJECTIVE OF THE BENCHMARKING STUDYBENCHMARKING STUDY
To provide a comprehensive, unbiased comparison of airport performance focusing on
d d / ff Productivity and Operating/Mgt Efficiency Unit Cost Competitiveness Airport User Charges
Our study does not treat service quality differentials across airports because of ourresearch resource constraints
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
2013 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Project
Airport Database
195 MAJOR AIRPORTS AROUND THE WORLD
Oceania Countries
Canada(12)
Asia Asia (35)
Countries(16)
United States(65)
Pacific, 51N. America, 77
( )(65)
Europe, 6712 new airports
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
26 AIRPORT GROUPS26 AIRPORT GROUPS
Asia Pacific ( 9)
1 new
Europe (17)
( 9)
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
ATRS AIRPORT DATABASE, FY 2002‐2011
The ATRS Database contains historic information (since FY 2002) including financial data, traffic and capacity data for the major airports and airport p y j p pgroups in the following geographic regions: Asia Pacific including Oceania; Europe; North America Limited data on S. America and Africa
The data in each continent is segregated into: Traffic statistics and composition Airport characteristics (runways, terminals, ownership form, etc) Aeronautical Activities and Revenue Non‐Aeronautical Activities and Revenue Labor input and other Operating Expenses
Fi i l i f b i d f B l Sh Financial info obtained from Balance Sheets Visit http://www.atrsworld.org/Database.html for more details and to
purchase.
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
2013 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Project
Airport Characteristics
PASSENGERS TRAFFIC, FY2011 (IN ’000 PASSENGERS)
100,000Asia Pacific Europe North America
80,000
90,000Asia Pacific Europe North America
50,000
60,000
70,000
30,000
40,000
,
10,000
20,000
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
Variable Factor Productivity (VFP) Indexy ( ) Impossible ‐ Total Factor Productivity (TFP) because of capital input cost accounting problem (comparable across different countries)
Unit Operating Cost Competitiveness Index:Unit Operating Cost Competitiveness Index: Combines VFP and Input Price Index
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
MULTILATERAL AGGREGATION METHOD• This multilateral output (input) index procedure uses the following revenue (cost) shares touses the following revenue (cost) shares to aggregate output (inputs)
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
GROSS VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (VFP)NORTH AMERICA LARGE AIRPORTSNORTH AMERICA LARGE AIRPORTS
(YVR=1.0), FY 2011
1.6
1.8
2
1
1.2
1.4
0.4
0.6
0.8
0
0.2
ATL
CLT
MSP YVR
LGA
TPA
MCO SLC
PHX
FLL
SFO
LAS
EWR
SEA
MDW DTW PHL
DCA
HNL
BOS
DFW
ORD SAN
DEN JFK
IAD
IAH
BWI
LAX
MIA
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
M
POTENTIAL REASONS FOR THE MEASURED PRODUCTIVITY (GROSS VFP) DIFFERENTIALSPRODUCTIVITY (GROSS VFP) DIFFERENTIALS
Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
GROSS VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY VS RESIDUAL VFP: NORTH AMERICARESIDUAL VFP: NORTH AMERICA
(YVR=1.0), FY 20112
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0.8
1
1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
ATL
MSP CLT
TPA
MCO YVR
SFO
FLL
LGA
MDW SL
CSEA
HNL PHX
EWR
BOS
JFK
DTW PHL
LAS
SAN
DCA
BWI
IAD
DFW ORD IAH
DEN MIA
Gross VFP Residual VFP
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHESALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
We explored Alternative approaches:e e p o ed te at e app oac es: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Econometric Cost Function Approach including Stochastic Frontier methods (SFA)
Th ki f t d b tt k d i t The rankings for top and bottom ranked airportsare consistent despite using VFP, DEA or SFA.
Note: Industry acceptance of our report using more advanced/sophisticated methods is one of our major concern
RESIDUAL RANKING COMPARISON OF TOP 15 AIRPORTS IN US
55
35404550
20253035
Rank
51015
0
ATL
RDU
RNO
CLT
PBI
BNA
MSP JAX
LGA
SAT
TPA
SNA
MCO
MKE FLL
Residual VFP Ranking Residual DEA Ranking Residual SFA Ranking
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
Residual VFP Mean
RESIDUAL (NET) VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (VFP): EUROPE LARGE AIRPORTS (CPH=1.0), FY 2011EUROPE LARGE AIRPORTS (CPH 1.0), FY 2011
PH
1.2
Copenhagen Kastrup, Athens, Zurich
CAT
HZRH
OSL
LIS
MS
G ANA
hiph
ol
0.8
1
AirportGroups
AM CDG
FCO
ARN
MXP
PMI
VIE
MAN
IST
LGW
STN
HEL
ORY
DUB
BCN
L D
ScAD
RAD
PSw
edavia
Avinor
SEA
DAA
MAG
Berlin
AENA
rapo
rtavia
0.6
H O D BTXL
MAD
DUS
FRA
LHR
MUC
B A FrFina
BAA
TAV
PPL
0.4
0
0.2
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
RESIDUAL (NET) VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (VFP): EUROPE SMALL & MEDIUM AIRPORTS (CPH=1.0), FY 2011EUROPE SMALL & MEDIUM AIRPORTS (CPH 1.0), FY 2011
A E0.9
1
Geneva, Basel, Nice
GVA
BSL
NCE
CIA
LJU
BHX
BLQ
SAW
HAJ
KEF
TLV
EDI
LPA
TN N L C P
0.7
0.8
LT TR TLL
ALC
NAP
BGY
MLA
GLA
HAM
RIX
AGP
SZG
BUD
ZAG
SOF
LIN
BTS AW
0.5
0.6
Z S L B WA
BEG
CGN
LED
0.3
0.4
0
0.1
0.2
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
0
RESIDUAL (NET) VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (VFP): NORTH AMERICA LARGE AIRPORTS (YVR=1.0), FY 2011NORTH AMERICA LARGE AIRPORTS (YVR 1.0), FY 2011
ATL
1.6
1.8
Atlanta, Minneapolis St. Paul, CharlotteMSP
CLT
A O1.2
1.4
TPA
MCO
YVR
SFO
FLL
LGA
MDW
SEA
SLC
HNL
EWR
PHX
BOS
JFK
DTW
PHL
AN AS A
WI
D0 8
1
D P SA LA DCA
BW IAD
DFW
ORD
IAH
DEN
MIA
LAX
0 4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
0
RESIDUAL (NET) VARIABLE FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY (VFP): N. AMERICA SMALL & MEDIUM AIRPORTS (YVR=1.0), FY 2011N. AMERICA SMALL & MEDIUM AIRPORTS (YVR 1.0), FY 2011
OKC
1.6
Oklahoma City, Richmond, Raleigh‐Durham
RIC
RDU
YYJ
YYC
BNA
YQR
PVD
DL
1.2
1.4Y P B
PBI
TUS
RNO
YYT
JAX
MKE
YEG
SNA
ABQ
PDX
SJC
SAT
IND
MSY
RSW
DAL
YOW
SMF
YHZ
AUS
MCI
MEM
YWG
AK F H R
0.8
1
OA
SDF
CM BUR
ANC
ALB
CVG
YUL
PIT
ONT
HOU
STL
CLE
YQB
0 4
0.6
0.2
0.4
Objective Data Airport Characteristics Methodology Efficiency & Cost User Charge
0
TOP EFFICIENCY PERFORMERS (2013)(based on Net VFP index=operating/management efficiency)(based on Net VFP index=operating/management efficiency)