KEY CONCEPTS WHAT IS NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF MOTION? HOW CAN YOU DETERMINE THE MOMENTUM OF AN OBJECT? WHAT IS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM? KEY TERMS:

KEY CONCEPTS

•WHAT IS NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION?•HOW CAN YOU DETERMINE THE MOMENTUM OF AN OBJECT?•WHAT IS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM?

KEY TERMS:•MOMENTUM

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion

If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object

“For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction”

Action – Reaction Pairs

Examples from bookGymnast pushes down on

vaulting horse, the horse pushes him up and over

Kayak paddle pushes the water back, the water pushes the kayak forward

A dog pushes down on the ground, the ground pushes up on the dog causing it to leap into the air

Other Examples…….

Detecting Motion

You can’t always detect motion when paired forces are in action.

If one of the pairs is much more massive, you will only see the less massive object move

Example – When you push down on the Earth, you won’t see the Earth move, only you jumping in the air

oppositely directed force on the first one.

If the example above

Do Action – Reaction Forces Cancel?

If 2 equal act in opposite directions they are balanced and cancel each other out. There is no movement

Action – Reaction forces do not cancel out because they are acting on 2 different objects

Momentum

A characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity of the object

Can be determined by the following formula”Momentum = mass X VelocityUnit is kg *m/sLike velocity and acceleration, momentum

has a direction. Its direction is the same as its velocity

Sample Momentum Problem

Which has more momentum: a 3.0 kg sledgehammer swung at 1.5m/s, or a 4.0 kg sledgehammer swung at .9m/s?

Mass 1 = 3.0kgVelocity 1 = 1.5 m/sMomentum = mass X velocity = 3.0kg *

1.5m/2 = 4.5kg*m/sMass 2 = 4.0kgVelocity 2 = .9m/sMomentum = mass X velocity = 4.0kg * .9m/s

= 3.6kg*m/s

Math Practice 1

A golf ball travels at 16m/s, while a baseball moves at 7 m/s. The mass of the golf ball is .045 kg and the mass of the baseball is 0.14 kg. Which has greater momentum?

Math Practice 2

What is the momentum of a bird with a mass of 0.018 kg flying at 15 m/s?

Momentum

The more momentum an object has the harder it is to stop

The more mass an object has, the more momentum. You can stop a baseball traveling 20m/s, but not a truck

The greater the velocity an object has, the harder it is to stop. An arrow shot from a bow has a large momentum even though it has a small mass

Conservation of Momentum

Conservation – same amount before and after an event

Total amount of momentum objects have when they collide is conserved

Law of Conservation of Momentum – states that in the absence of outside forces, the total momentum of objects that interact does not change

Friction is an example of an outside force

Collision with Moving Objects

Sources

http://www.sciencetoymaker.org/balloon/images/newton.gif

http://onlinephys.com/newton3.htmlhttp://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/

newtonian/momentum.pnghttp://www.toyday.co.uk/shop/images/

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