KEY CONCEPT Science is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

KEY CONCEPTScience is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

1.1 Review Properties of Life

• Biology - the study of life

Bio = life, logy = study of

Remember the Remember the

Properties of Life acronym Properties of Life acronym

MR.GOCH !MR.GOCH !

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

etabolism

eproduction

rowth

rganization

ells

omeostasis

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry.

• Scientists make careful and systematic observations.

• Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.

• Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a     question.

• Scientists record observations as data.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Scientific Thinking leads from Questions to… more Questions?

• Queen Question• Rita Research• Had Hypothesis• Partied Plan• Extensively Experiment• During Data • Rock Results• Concerts Conclusions

Recognize these guys?

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses.

• Observational studies allow scientists to describe a phenomenon.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

• Experiments allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.

• Scientists are learning at an unprecedented rate thanks to new tools and technologies.

Timeline

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

– Independent variables are manipulated.

– Constants are conditions that are kept the same.

• Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.

– Dependent variables are observed and measured.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

A theory explains a wide range of observations.

• explain a wide range of observations and experimental results.

• supported by a wide range of scientific evidence.

• can change based on new evidence.

A hypothesis is a defined (specific) if-then statement that makes an educated guess about the outcome of an experiment .

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

stoma

– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)

Scientific Tools:Imaging technologies provide new views of life.

• A microscopemicroscope provides an enlarged image of an object.

– light microscopes (LM)

stoma

stoma

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Imaging technologyImaging technology is used in medicine.

– X-ray images

– functional MRI (fMRI)

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Complex systems are modeled on computers.

• Computer modelsComputer models are used to study systems that cannot be studied directly.– heart attacks

– effect of medicines on the human body

– movement of water molecules into and out of a cell

– spread of a disease through a population

• Computer models are used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.

Normal heartbeat

Heart attack

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.

• Through our study of DNADNA, we can study genetics on a molecular level.

– molecular genetics

– genomics

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

– cancer incidence on the rise, new treatments needed

• Knowledge of biology helps you understand your health.

– effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs

brain

lungs

heart

liver

kidneys

– food allergies

– potential effects of obesity

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

• There are still many questions to answer in biology.

– How are memories stored in the brain?

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

• There are still many questions to answer in biology.

– What causes various forms of cancer?

surface proteins

lipid

envelop

nucleic acid capsid

– Does life exist on planets other than Earth?

– How do viruses mutate?

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Biologists-Preserve our Environment

• Problem: There are more than 6 billion people on Earth. These people need land and resources. Rainforests are being destroyed at a rate of one acre per second. Animals are becoming extinct.

• Solution: Reduce, reuse, recycle, and conserve resources. Raise awareness for and track species endangered by human activity

Careers in Biology Wildlife ConservationistEvolutionary BiologistEcologistEnvironmental ConsultantWater Quality specialist

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Biologists-Improve the Food Supply

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Biologists -

Explore the Human Genome

• Genome - The complete

set of genetic material contained in an individual’s cells.

• Problem: What genes do humans have? What traits do those genes express?

• Solution: The entire human genome was mapped in June 2004. We still aren’t sure how all the pieces work - individually OR together!

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Gene Therapy

• Gene manipulations- replacements, Gene manipulations- replacements, splices, blocks splices, blocks

Complex techniques of treating damaged Complex techniques of treating damaged genes (or inhibitors) with new or normal genes (or inhibitors) with new or normal ones in hopes of correcting problems. ones in hopes of correcting problems.

•Gene therapy is still in Gene therapy is still in early research and early research and development.development.

Spotlight onBiology Careers

GeneticistGene TherapistGenetic Counselor

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Biologists-Fight Disease

• Problem: AIDS is a world-wide epidemic disease caused by HIV.

• AIDS symptoms can be treated but NO vaccine and few effective treatments--the virus mutates as it passes from person to person.

Scientists are working toward a treatment that will help to halt the AIDS epidemic.

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

Combat Cancer

• Cancer is a defect in cells that results in uncontrolled cell division. There are many types - as many as there are types of cells!

• Some triggers can be prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle.

• Current treatments are radiation or chemotherapy

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

New Diseases/Old Adversaries

West Nile

Avian flu

MRSA / VRE

Etc! Scientists must

learn all they

can about the

disease before

they can

develop

treatments.

Careers in Biology:EpidemiologistVirologistMicrobiologistPharmaceuticalsImmunologistMedical Field

1.3 Scientific Thinking and Processes

On Your Own

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