ketki Full Project Report.docx

8/9/2019 ketki Full Project Report.docx

1/68

[Type text]

A PROJECT REPORT

ON

LEAN PROCESSES FOR GREEN BUILDINGS

IN PUNE

Submitted by

KETKI BORKAR

PRADNYA DURGE

PRAJAKTA SHINGADE

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE– 411005

July 01!

CERTIFICATE1


2/68

[Type text]

This is to be certify that dissertation entitled

“LEAN PROCESSES FOR GREEN BUILDINGS IN PUNE"

submitted by

KETKI BORKAR (11090101!

"RA#$%A #&R'E (110010)*!

"RA+AKTA ,-I$'A#E (1109010.*!

Is record of bona fide /or carried out by aboe students

under my 2uidance in 3artial fulfillment of the re4uirement for the a/ard of

de2ree of “Bachelor of Technolo2y in 5iil En2ineerin26 from 5olle2e Of

En2ineerin27 "une8

#ATE

":A5E "&$E8

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

D#$ S$ S$B%&'(l)P#&*$ +#'$ G(y(#-Vy('

HEAD OF THE DEPART+ENT, PROJECT SUPERVISOR,

#e3artment of 5iil En2ineerin2#e3artment of 5iil En2ineerin27

5olle2e of En2ineerin27 "une 5olle2e of En2ineerin27 "une

ACKNO.LEDG+ENT

2


3/68

[Type text]

;e /ould lie to than "rof


4/68

[Type text]

5onstruction industry is a hu2e industry that 3roides em3loyment o33ortunities

to about @ 3eo3le /orld/ide and consumes .0 of the /orlds resources7 mostly in

the form of /ater8(1! -o/eer7 construction 3ractices consume ener2y and 2enerate /aste

and 3ollution in the form of noise7 contaminants released in the atmos3here etc8 &nless

/e control this rate of consum3tion7 our future 2enerations /ill not be able to co3e u3

/ith satisfyin2 the increasin2 demands8 ,ustainable construction 3ractices are the need

of the hour to delier serices that are ecoCfriendly and /hich do not com3romise the

ability of the future 2enerations to meet their o/n needs8 A33lyin2 the 3rocess of “lean6

construction to 2reen buildin2s /ill hel3 us in meetin2 current demands in construction

sector at affordable 3rices /ith lon2Cterm benefits7 /hich /ill also be enironment

friendly8 The results of a surey in the form of 4uestionnaire in the construction sector

3roided an insi2ht into ho/ 3o3ular the conce3t of lean construction is amon2st the

arious construction firms8 The surey identified the most sensitie 3arameter for :ean

5onstruction and 'reen 5onstruction8 It can hel3 the construction industry /orin2 in

and around "une to focus on 3arameters /hich /ill hel3 reduce and mana2e /aste at

construction sites7 thereby 2iin2 ecoCfriendly and economical construction8 The e?tent

of surey has been s3ecifically limited to the "une area8

C&/)/'4

ii


5/68

[Type text]

A'#(DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD88ii

L-' &* T(l)'DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD8888DD8

L-' &* F-2u#)'DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DDi

L-' &* A#)3-(-&/'DDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DDii

1$ I/#&u-&/ 1

181 :ean 5onstructionDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD8881

18 'reen Buildin2DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DD

18* $eed of ,tudyDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DD88*18 Aim of "ro>ectDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DD8*

18. "ur3ose for selectin2 the 3ro>ectDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD*

18)


6/68

[Type text]

!$ L-)#(u#) R)3-)6 II *0

*81 :ierts ,caleDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888DD8*0*8 ;ei2hted Aera2e ect "lannin2 and #eelo3mentDDDDDDDDDDD880

888 ;ater EfficiencyDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD888

888*


7/68

[Type text]

3.3 Water !ciency" 'or%ali(ed )atrix3.4 Water !ciency" 'or%ali(ed i*en +ector

3.5 #ando%ness ,ndex3.& Water !ciency" -riority $alues4.1 Wei*ted /$era*e )etod #ankin*4.2 -roject -lannin* and 0e$elop%ent" )ean +alue4.3 -roject -lannin* and 0e$elop%ent" -riority4.4 Water !ciency" )ean +alue4.5 Water !ciency" -riority4.& )aterials tili(ation" )ean +alue4. )aterials tili(ation" -riority4. Waste )ana*e%ent" )ean +alue4. Waste )ana*e%ent" -riority

4.1 n$iron%ental /spects" )ean +alue4.11 n$iron%ental /spects" -riority4.12 cono%ic /spects" )ean +alue4.13 cono%ic /spects" -riority4.14 #esponse

L-' &* F-2u#)'

81 :ean 5onstruction "rocess

8 Im3lementation of :ean techni4ue

81 ;ei2hted Aera2e ect "lannin2 and #eelo3ment "ie 5hart

$


8/68

[Type text]

8. ;ater Efficiency


9/68

[Type text]

L-' &* A#)3-(-&/'

'RI-A 'reen Ratin2 for Inte2rated -abitat Assessment

:EE# :eadershi3 in Ener2y and Enironmental #esi2n

BREEA< Buildin2 Research Establishments Enironmental Assessment


10/68

[Type text]

58I 5onsistency Inde?

R8I Randomness Inde?

58R 5onsistency Ratio

CHAPTER 1

I/#&u-&/The construction industry contributes to 1J10th of the 2lobal '#"8 It 3roides

em3loyment to about @ of the /orld 3o3ulation8 The industry is ery ast and

dynamic7 consumin2 about J.th of the /orlds ener2y8 $early .0 of the /orlds

resources are used in the construction industry1L8 $eedless to say7 if the resources are

consumed by the construction industry at such a rate7 the future /ill seem to be full of

3roblems7 note/orthy of /hich /ill be lac of resources8

1

$iii


11/68

[Type text]

Alon2 /ith a lar2e rate of consum3tion7 the construction actiities contribute to

3ollution7 thereby deterioratin2 the enironment8 The 2eneration of construction /aste

and its 3ro3er dis3osal 3oses a different 3roblem alto2ether8 ;e are consumin2 our

stocs of natural7 human and social ca3ital faster than they are bein2 re3lenished8 &nless

/e control the rate of consum3tion7 these ital stocs cannot be sustained in lon2 term

future8 -ence7 such methods hae to be deelo3ed /hich minimiHe the detrimental effect

of construction actiities on the enironment8 :ean 5onstruction is one such 3hiloso3hy8

1$1L)(/ C&/'#u-&/9

:ean construction is a method of 3roduction aimed at reducin2 costs7 materials7

time and effort8 Essentially7 the methodolo2y of lean construction is to minimiHe the bad

and ma?imiHe the 2ood8 &sin2 the 3rinci3les of lean construction7 the desired outcome

/ould be to ma?imiHe the alue and out3ut of a 3ro>ect /hile minimiHin2 /asteful

as3ects and time delay8 It is a system of ideas and ideolo2ies that sha3e the /ay a 3ro>ect

is handled and in turn hel3s the final 3roduct8 At eery sta2e of 3ro>ect deliery7 the

efforts are focused on im3roin2 3erformance so as to contribute to the 3erformance of

the entire 3ro>ect8 It aims at creatin2 more alue for customers by usin2 fe/er resources

and minimiHin2 /aste 2eneration8

The number of com3anies usin2 the 3rinci3les of lean construction has been steadily

increasin28 ;ith the increase of learnin2 tools7 boos7 classes and seminars that hae

become aailable to business o/ners and com3anies7 lean construction has sho/n a

substantial boom in the industry in countries all oer the /orld7 includin2 India8

1$G#))/ Bu-l-/29

Accordin2 to the e?3lanation 3roided by the Indian 'reen Buildin2 5ouncilC

“ A green building is one which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves

natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as

compared to a conventional building 86

11


12/68

[Type text]

'reen buildin2s cost more to desi2n and construct8 -o/eer7 the o3eration and

maintenance costs of a 'reen Buildin2 are less8 ,o7 the challen2e of 'reen Buildin2 is to

ma?imiHe its benefits at an affordable cost8

A 'reen Buildin2 de3letes the natural sources to a minimum durin2 its

construction8 The aim of 'reen Buildin2 desi2n is to minimiHe the demand on nonC

rene/able sources7 ma?imiHe the utiliHation efficiency of these natural resources /hen

in use and ma?imiHe the reuse7 recyclin2 and utiliHation of rene/able resources8 It

ma?imiHes the efficient buildin2 materials and construction 3ractices7 o3timiHes the use

of onCsite resources7 minimiHes use of ener2y to 3o/er itself7 uses efficient e4ui3ment

for li2htin2 3ur3ose7 air conditionin2 and other needs7 uses efficient /aste and /ater

mana2ement 3ractices and 3roides comfortable and hy2ienic indoor /orin2

conditions8 (*!

It inoles the in3ut of all concerned in the construction 3ro>ectC the architect and

consultants to /or as a team in order to address all the as3ects of the buildin2 desi2n7

3lannin27 construction and o3eration8 They critically ealuate the desi2n decisions at

each sta2e of /or in order to minimiHe the ne2atie im3acts and enhance the 3ositie

im3acts on the enironment8

1$!N)) &* Suy:ooin2 at the current scenario of the construction industry7 one can

acno/led2e that much needs to be done to im3roe the construction 3ractices7 so as to

minimiHe the load on the enironment8 The conce3t of “'reen6 should reach the masses

and the 3eo3le res3onsible to delier the construction 3rocesses should do so

scientifically and so3histicatedly /hile bein2 conscious of their res3onsibility to/ards

the enironment8

-o/eer7 the 3ro3er deliery of conce3t of “2reen thinin26 is 3ossible only if

one is e4ui33ed /ith the re4uired no/led2e7 focussin2 on the rootCcause of the

3roblems8 or this 3ur3ose7 it is necessary to study the scenario of the construction

12


13/68

[Type text]

3ractices7 as they are actually done8 The construction 3ractices differ from 3lace to

3lace7 de3endin2 u3on the local conditions of climate7 social and economic as3ects etc8

In our 3ro>ect7 /e hae limited our area of study to the "une re2ion8

1$4A-: &* %) P#&;)The aim of the 3ro>ect is to study the most sensitie 3arameters that contribute to

the lean deliery of a construction 3ro>ect7 /hich thereby contribute to the 2reen factor

of the 3ro>ect8

1$5Pu#7&') &* ')l)-/2 %) 7#&;)The follo/in2 are the 3ur3oses of selectin2 the 3ro>ect

18 ,ustainable construction is the need of the hour 8 5lassroom education can be a33lied to the field 3ractices

*8 En2ineers hae a moral res3onsibility to 3resere the enironment usin2

technolo2y

8 E?3osure to the construction industry ia surey

.8 E?3osure to research methodolo2ies for further education

1$< +)%&&l&2y

The follo/in2 ste3s /ere im3lemented in com3letin2 the study

18 ,tudy of literature about :ean 5onstruction7 'reen Buildin2 and other related

conce3ts8

8 ormulation of Guestionnaire for surey of data based on literature study8

*8 5irculation of Guestionnaire to 5iil En2ineers7 5ontractors7 ,iteC

su3erisors7 "ro>ect


14/68

[Type text]

CHAPTER

L-)#(u#) R)3-)6 I

$1 R)')(#% P(7)#'9

The follo/in2 tables 3roide a summary of the research 3a3ers reie/ed for the

3ro>ect8

S#$N

&

N(:) &* R)*)#)/) P(7)# D)(-l' &* R)*)#)/) P(7)#

18 Su'(-/(l) C&/'#u-&/ -/

+(l(y'-( –D)3)l&7)#'= A(#)/)''

Au% $aHirahMainulAbidin7

;orld Academy of ,cience7

En2ineerin2 and Technolo2y7 009

O;)-3)9 To >ud2e the actions

undertaen by the


15/68

[Type text]

construction 3ractice8

S#$

N&

N(:) &* R)*)#)/) P(7)# D)(-l' &* R)*)#)/) P(7)#

15


16/68

[Type text]

8 T&(#' 'u'(-/(l)

C&/'#u-&/9 7#&:&-&/ (/

)' 7#(-)'

Au%


17/68

[Type text]

*8 L)(/ C&/'#u-&/9

.%)#) (#) ) (/ %&

& 7#&))

Au% ,en Bertelsen

J&u#/(l9 :ean

5onstruction +ournal

007 =ol 1 17 October

00

O;)-3)9 To establish a brief oerie/ about :ean

5onstruction7 distin2uish it from manufacturin2 and

deelo3 a future effort for research /ithin the :ean

5onstruction enironment

D((C&ll)-&/ On the basis of readin2 3a3ers for

1th annual conference for I':5 and 3reious

I':5s8

C&/lu'-&/9 5onstruction 3rocess should not be

com3ared to manufacturin2 as much as to desi2n and

3rototy3in28 Research should aim at reCinter3retin2construction 3rocess and deelo3 ne/ and better

3rinci3les and methods of mana2ement8

S#$

N&

N(:) &* R)*)#)/)

P(7)#

D)(-l' &* %) R)*)#)/) P(7)#

1

S#$

N&$

N(:) &* %) #)*)#)/)

7(7)#

D)(-l' O* %) #)*)#)/) 7(7)#

8 C&/'#-u-&/C&/#-u-&

/ &* %) 7#-/-7l)' &* L)(/

C&/'#u-&/ & :))

%(ll)/2)' &* Su'(-/(l)

D)3)l&7:)/

Au% "ea-uoila

and :auriKosela

J&u#/(l 9International

'rou3 for :ean

5onstruction conference

199

O;)-3)9 To raise 3otential and 3rofitability

of lean 3rinci3les to 3romote sustainable

construction8

C&/lu'-&/9 ,ustainable construction has

different 3riorities in different economics7 lean

construction theory 3roides conce3tual basis

and noel methods tool to sustainable

construction and by usin2 both sustainable

3ractices /ith lean 3rinci3le /e can increase

4uality of life8


18/68

[Type text]

.8 A'')''-/2 %) -:7(

&* -:7l):)/-/2

L)(/ C&/'#u-&/

Au% :uis

Alarcon7 ,en

#iethelm7 Oscar

Ro>o7 Rodri2o

5alderon

C&/*)#)/)9 1*th

annual conference

ofI':57 +uly 00.7

,ydney7 Australia

O;)-3) N To analyHe and summariHe the

em3irical eidence obtained and lessons learned

after im3lementin2 the :ean 5onstruction

techni4ue to im3roe 3erformance

D((C&ll)-&/ N A database of @@ 5hilean

3ro>ects7 from 1 com3anies 7 authors o/n

im3lementation and case studies is used to analyse

the im3act of the introduction of the :", on

different as3ects of 3ro>ect 3erformance

D(( A/(ly'-' N Gualitatie analysis of 3rocessim3roement done on the basis of surey and

4uestionnaire ans/ers 2ien to 3ro>ect team

members


19/68

[Type text]

)8 I:7( &* 2#))/ u-l-/2

)'-2/ (/ &/'#u-&/

&/ >)# '(*)y (/

%)(l%

Au%

,athyanarayanaRa>endram

7 +ohn A8 'ambatese and

ect in terms of

construction /orer safety and health8

S#$

N&

$

N(:) &* %) #)*)#)/)

7(7)#

D)(-l' &* %) 7(7)#

@8 L)(/ 7#&)'')' *

'u'(-/(l) )l-3)#y

7#&;)

Au% 9 Anthony

:a3insi7


20/68

[Type text]

8 A l)(/ :&)ll-/2 7#&&&l *

)3(lu(-/2 2#))/ 7#&;)

)l-3)#y

Au% :eidy KlotH7


21/68

[Type text]

9 T%) u') &* A/(ly-(l H-)#(#%y

P#&)''?AHP@-/ %) (/(ly'-' &* D)l(y

l(-:' -/ C&/'#u-&/ 7#&;)' -/ %)UAE

Au% "eera 7 $ and ,utrisna7 or obstructie factor and 3roide

im3roements to 3roblematic

situations in construction 3ractices8

D(( C&ll)-&/ NA 3ilot surey

4uestionnaire is conducted to better

understand the need of research and it

is follo/ed by an interie/ers of

3ractitioners8

D(( A/(ly'-' N#ata is analysed by

usin2 surey and 4uestionnaire

ans/ers 2ien by 3ractitioners8

C&/lu'-&/C5once3t and selection of

the A-" 3lays si2nificant role in

decision main28A-" is able to

embrace 4uantitatie and 4ualitatie

data throu2h assi2nment of numerical

alues to 4ualitatie data8

S#$N& N(:) &* %) #)*)#)/)

7(7)#

D)(-l' &* %) #)*)#)/) 7(7)#

11 A(7-/2 ('7)' &* GB

T&&l 0056')(#%-/2 *

'u-(-l-y -/ T(-(/

Au% KueiCen2 5han27

5heC


22/68

[Type text]

S#$N& N(:) &* %) #)*)#)/)

7(7)#

D)(-l' &* %) #)*)#)/) 7(7)#

10 D)3)l&7-/2 ( 2#))/ u-l-/2

('')'':)/ &&l *

)3)l&7-/2 &u/#-)'6C(')

&* J)/

Au%-imat-8Ali7

saba8Al$sairat

J&u#/(lC,cience #irectBuildin2 and Enironment

(009! 10.*C10)

O;)-3) NTo understand the conce3t of 2reen buildin2 and its role for achiein2

sustainable deelo3ment throu2h deelo3in2

effectie 2reen buildin2 ratin2 system8

D((C&ll)-&/ NIndiidual and 2rou3

interie/s are em3loyed to collect data from

seeral 3eo3le8 The interie/ uses form of

4uestionnaire8

D(( A/(ly'-' –


23/68

[Type text]

$ L)(/ C&/)7

$$1 .%( -' LEANL)(/

The main 2oal of :ean is to 3roide 3erfect alue to customer throu2h a 3erfect

alue creation 3rocess that has Hero /aste8 :ean is focused on alue7 more than on cost7

and sees to remoe all nonCalue addin2 com3onents8

:ean is about desi2nin2 and o3eratin2 the ri2ht 3rocess and hain2 the ri2ht

systems7 resources and measures to delier thin2s ri2ht first time8 Essential to this is the

elimination of /aste C actiities and 3rocesses that absorb resources but create no alue8

;aste can include mistaes7 /orin2 out of se4uence7 redundant actiity and moement7

delayed or 3remature in3uts7 and 3roducts or serices that dont meet customer needs8

The 3rimary focus is on moin2 closer and closer to 3roidin2 a 3roduct that

customers really /ant7 by understandin2 the 3rocess7 identifyin2 the /aste /ithin it7 and

eliminatin2 it ste3 by ste38

$$ T%) L)(/ P#-/-7l)'9

• Eliminate (')

• "recisely s3ecify 3(lu)from the 3ers3ectie of the ultimate customer

• 5learly identify the 3rocess that deliers /hat the customer alues (the alue

stream! and eliminate all nonCalue addin2 ste3s

•


24/68

L e

a np ro ce ss

/ ct

- lan

0 o

6 e ck

[Type text]

18 To deelo3 a 3lan for im3roin2 the results of a 3rocess8

8 The #O sta2e inoles e?ecutin2 the 3lan8 This 3roduces feedbac8

*8 That is then checed to confirm or ad>ust the 3lan88 The final sta2e is to act based on the ealuation com3leted in the chec 3hase8

i2 81C :ean 5onstruction "rocess

$$4 L)(/ &/'#u-&/9

:ean construction is a 3hiloso3hy based on the conce3ts of lean manufacturin28 It is

about mana2in2 and im3roin2 the construction 3rocess to fulfil needs of customer8 It is

3rofitable deliery to the customer8 :ean construction can be 3ursued throu2h a number

of different a33roaches

:ean construction a33lies lean 3rinci3le and techni4ues of lean thinin2 todeelo3 better /ay to delier >ob8 It is also the a33lication of lean thinin2 in the desi2n

P construction 3rocess8 :ean theory7 3rinci3les P techni4ues 3roide the foundation for

the ne/ 3ro>ect mana2ement7 /hich enable more efficient P customer oriented deliery8

It em3hasiHes the im3ortance of reliable P timely deliery8 There is al/ays a trade

bet/een time7 cost P 4uality8 It is es3ecially useful in com3le?7 uncertain P 4uic

3ro>ects8

24


25/68

1. ,denti7y

$alue

2. )ap te $alue

strea%

3 .create

8o9

4. sta:lis

pull

5. seek

per7ection

[Type text]

$$5 I:7l):)/(-&/ &* L)(/ )%/-u)9

18 ,3ecify alue from stand3oint of end customer by 3roduct family88 Identify all ste3s in alue stream for each 3roduct family P eliminatin2 3ossible

ste3s that do not create alue8

*8 ect can be forecasted P

/aste eliminated8

25


26/68

[Type text]

• It is 3ossible to concentrate on mana2in2 the 3erformance P im3roement8

• ect reduced8

$! G#))/ Bu-l-/2

$!$1 I/#&u-&/

A buildin2 /hich can function usin2 an o3timum amount of ener2y7 consume less

/ater7 consere natural resources7 2enerate less /aste and create s3aces for healthy and

comfortable liin27 as com3ared to conentional buildin2s7 is a 2reen buildin28

5onentional methods of buildin2 use tremendous 4uantities of material7 many of

them nonCrene/able and to?ic7 and 3ay little attention to the im3act the buildin2 has on

the enironment8 'reen buildin2s not only reduce these im3acts but are also healthier

and consume less ener2y 7sain2 money /hen used for lon2 time8

$!$ C&/)7

'reen buildin2 desi2n is a 3ractical and climate conscious a33roach to buildin2

desi2n8 =arious factors7 lie 2eo2ra3hical location7 3reailin2 climatic conditions7 use of

locally aailable and less ener2y consumin2 materials and desi2n 3arameters releant to

the ty3e of usa2e of the buildin2 are normally taen into consideration8 ,uch an

a33roach ensures minimum harm to the enironment7 /hile constructin2 and usin2 the

buildin28

These buildin2s are 2enerally made of locally aailable materials lie /ood7 mud

and stone and /ithout usin2 a lar2e amount of e?ternal ener2y to ee3 the inhabitants

comfortable8 ;hen a number of 2reen buildin2s are located in 3ro?imity7 they /ould

create a 2reen Hone7 3roidin2 much healthier enironment and the ultimate aim /ill

then be to create many such areas7 /hich /ould hel3 the to/ns and cities and therefore

the nation in reducin2 total ener2y re4uirement8

2&


27/68

[Type text]

$!$! G#))/ u-l-/2 7(#(:))#'

The measures that need to be taen to mae a 2reen buildin2 can be distributed

oer three different 3hases of construction8


28/68

[Type text]

I/#)(') 7#&7)#y 3(lu)C;ith ener2y costs on rise7 lo/ o3eration cost and

easy maintenance mae increase in hi2her 3ro3erty alue8

D)#)(') -/*#('#uu#) '#(-/CEfficient buildin2 e?erts less demand on local

3o/er and /ater su33ly8

I:7#&3) ):7l&y)) ()/(/)CIt em3hasiHes increased natural li2htin2 and

control of entilation7 im3roe em3loyee health8

I/#)(') ):7l&y)) 7#&u-&/C"roductiity 3ositiely correlated to indoor

enironmental condition7 sho/s im3roements /here 2reen 3rinci3le has been a33lied8

$!$4$! S&-(l )/)*-'

I:7#&3) %)(l%6 "oor indoor enironmental 4uality (IEG! resultin2 from

insufficient air circulation7 3oor li2htin27 tem3erature ariances7 3esticides7 to?ic

adhesies contribute /idely to res3iratory 3roblems8 'reen buildin2 em3hasiHes

entilation and nonCto?ic7 lo/ emittin2 materials that create healthier and more

comfortable enironment8

H)(l%-)# l-*)'yl) (/ #)#)(-&/C'reen buildin2 sees to facilitate alternaties

to driin2 such as bicyclin2 and 3ublic trans3ort /hich ee3s 2ood health and fitness8

$!$5 D-'(3(/(2)'

$!$5$1 H-2% -/--(l &' (/ u/(3(-l(-l-y &* :()#-(l'

One of the bi22est dra/bacs of 2reen buildin2s is that it needs a lot of more

money initially7 than a re2ular buildin28 The main reason behind this is that the ecoC

friendly materials /hich are used in such buildin2s are not aailable easily8 ,o /hen

these materials are im3orted from other 3laces7 they cost much hi2her7 thus addin2 on to

the initial cost of the 2reen buildin28 This brin2s us to another disadanta2e of 2reen

buildin2s i8e8 unaailability of ecoCfriendly materials8 Althou2h7 this is not an issue in

bi2 cities7 yet7 3eo3le in smaller to/ns and fara/ay 3laces /ill find it e?tremely difficult

to 2et these materials8

$!$5$ I/& )/3-#&/:)/ u(l-y

There is one area /hich most 2reen buildin2s i2nore and that is the 3oor indoor

air 4uality that is often seen in such buildin2s8 'reen buildin2s are so coered andsealed7 that they lead to indoor 3ollution8 This can 3roe to be detrimental to the health

2


29/68

[Type text]

of the inhabitants of such buildin2s8 The indoor air 4uality may further suffer if the

builder uses a recycled 3roduct /hich contains some harmful chemicals that emit to?ins

in the indoor air8

$!$5$! A#%-)u#(l I''u)'

5ertain 2reen buildin2s hae to be constructed in such a /ay that to o3timally

utiliHe sunli2ht7 they need to be structurally 3ositioned in the o33osite direction to the

other nei2hbourhood buildin2s8 This can lead to t/o 3roblems8 irstly7 such a house

/ould re4uire more blinds and shades than a traditional house7 to sto3 the sunQs rays

from enterin2 the house8 ,econdly7 such a house mi2ht cause 3roblems bet/een the

home o/ner and his nei2hbours8

$!$5$4 A-#6&&l-/2 *)(u#)'

Another technical dra/bac of a 2reen buildin2 is that the inhabitants cannot

increase or decrease the inside tem3erature7 as air coolin2 com3onents lie natural

entilation cannot be controlled8

$!$5$5 T-:)6

To build 2reen buildin2 in some cases taes more time than an ordinary one8

,ometimes it taes too much time to find the needed material8 The client can delay the

construction8

$!$< G#))/ Bu-l-/2 R(-/2 Sy'):'6

A 2reen buildin2 ratin2 system is an ealuation tool that measures enironmental

3erformance of a buildin2 throu2h its life cycle8 It usually com3rises of a set of criteria

coerin2 arious 3arameters related to desi2n7 construction and o3eration of a 2reen

buildin28 Each criterion has 3reCassi2ned 3oints and sets 3erformance benchmars and

2oals that are lar2ely 4uantifiable8 A 3ro>ect is a/arded 3oints once it fulfills the ratin2

criteria8There are many ratin2 systems for 2reen buildin2s8These are

1! 'RI-A

! :EE#

*! BREEA<

! 5A,BEE

.! 'B Tool

)! -KCBEA<

2


30/68

[Type text]

$!$


31/68

[Type text]

/hile certifyin2 and are conerted to firm 3oints throu2h monitorin27 alidation7 and

documentsJ3hoto2ra3hs to su33ort the a/ard of 3oint8

The set of * criteria of 'RI-A shall be broadly classified into t/o cate2ories C

a33licable and selectiely a33licable8

,electiely a33licableC

These are the criterion /hich may not a33ly to 3ro>ect due to the fact that its

a33lication may not add sufficient enironmental benefit in the ratin2 scale8 The

re2istered 3ro>ect shall not a33ly for thisJthese criteria and all the ')l)-3)ly (77l-(l)

#-)#-( shall be decided at re2istration sta2e8

18 "resere and 3rotect landsca3e durin2 construction8 ,oil 5onseration

*8 Rene/able ener2y based hot /ater system10L

8 ;aste /ater treatment

.8 ;ater recycle and reuse

)8 ,tora2e and dis3osal of /aste

A77l-(l) #-)#-&/ N This criterion shall be a33lied to all re2istered 3ro>ects8

18 ,ite selection

8 "resere and 3rotect landsca3e durin2 construction

*8 ,oil conseration8 #esi2n to include e?istin2 site features

.8 Reduce hard 3ain2 on site

)8 Enhance outdoor li2htin2 system efficiency and use rene/able ener2y system for

meetin2 outdoor li2htin2 re4uirements

@8 "lan utilities efficiently and o3timiHe onsite circulation efficiency

8 "roides minimum leel of safety facilities for construction /orers

98 Reduce air 3ollution durin2 construction

108 Reduce landsca3e /ater re4uirement

118 Reduce /ater use in the buildin2

18 Efficient /ater use durin2 construction

1*8 O3timiHe buildin2 desi2n to reduce conentional ener2y demand18 O3timiHe ener2y 3erformance of buildin2 /ithin s3ecified comfort limits

1.8 &tiliHation of flyCash in buildin2 structure

1)8 Reduce olume7 /ei2ht7 and construction time by ado3tin2 efficient technolo2ies

1@8 &se lo/Cener2y material in interiors

18 Rene/able ener2y utiliHation

198 Rene/ableCener2yCbased hot /ater system

08 ;aste /ater treatment

18 ;ater recycle and reuse (includin2 rain/ater!

8 Reduction in /aste durin2 construction

*8 Efficient /aste se2re2ation

8 ,tora2e and dis3osal of /astes

.8 Resource recoery from /aste

31


32/68

[Type text]

)8 &se lo/C=O5 3aintsJadhesiesJsealants

@8


33/68

[Type text]

A33licability criterion

:EE# is desi2ned for commercial and office buildin2 but a33licable to all

buildin2s8 All commercial buildin2 defined by ,tandard buildin2 5ode are eli2ible for

certification as :EE#8 or ne/ buildin2 and ma>or renoation of e?istin2 buildin2 this

ratin2 system is used8

There are seen cate2ories in ratin2 system8 These are

• ,ustainable ,ites

• ;ater Efficiency

• Ener2y P Atmos3here

•


34/68

[Type text]

com3ostin2 toilet systems7 non /aterCusin2 urinals to reduce /aste/ater

olumes8

!@ E/)#2y (/ (:&'7%)#)


35/68

[Type text]

5@ I/& E/3-#&/:)/ u(l-y6


36/68

[Type text]

'old )0C@9 3oints

"latinum 0 and aboe

$!$

BREEA< coers a ran2e of buildin2 ty3es includin2Soffices7 homes7 industrial

units7 retail units and schools8 ;hen a buildin2 is assessed7 3oints are a/arded for each

criterion and the 3oints are added for a total score8 The oerall buildin2 3erformance is

a/arded a "ass7 'ood7 =ery 'ood or E?cellent ratin2 based on the score8 BREEA< has

se3arate criteria for ealuation of #esi2n and "rocurement and for or cate2ories of criteria for #esi2n and "rocurement include the

follo/in2

1!


37/68

[Type text]

5om3rehensie Assessment ,ystem for Buildin2 Enironmental Efficiency

(5A,BEE! /as deelo3ed in +a3an7 in 0018The assessment tools is based on the

buildin2s life cycle 3reCdesi2n7 ne/ construction7 e?istin2 buildin2s7 and renoation8

5A,BEE ma>or cate2ories of criterion includes

18 Buildin2 enironmental 4uality and 3erformanceC

Indoor enironment

Guality of sericesC functionality and usability

Outdoor enironment on site

8 Buildin2 enironment loadin2sC

Ener2y CutiliHation of natural ener2y

Resources and materials

OffCsite enironment air 3ollution7 noise and ibration

$!$ect that has inoled more than . countries

since1998 'B Tool is desi2ned to be ada3ted by s3onsors to reflect re2ional

conditions85riteria are assessed usin2 scales that are based on local benchmars of

ty3ical 3ractice buildin2s can score N1 if belo/ ty3ical 3ractice or from U1 to U.7

re3resentin2 2ood to ery hi2h 3erformance8

'B Tool ma>or cate2ories of criteria include the follo/in2C

18 Ener2y consum3tion is assessed throu2h total use of nonCrene/able ener2y electrical

demand7 usa2e of rene/able ener2y8 Resource consum3tion is assessed throu2h materials use

*8 ;ater used for irri2ation7 buildin2 systems7 and occu3ant use8

8 Enironmental loadin2s include solid /astes7 storm /ater7 /aste /ater7 site im3acts7

.8 Indoor enironmental 4uality is assessed throu2h indoor air 4uality7 entilation7

tem3eratureand relatie humidity7 dayli2ht and illumination7 and noise and acoustics8

Other criteria includes selection of a33ro3riate site 3ro>ect 3lannin27 urban desi2n7

buildin2 controls7 fle?ibility and ada3tability7 maintenance of o3eratin2 3erformance7

and a fe/ social and economic measures8

3


38/68

[Type text]

$!$


39/68

[Type text]

!$1 L->)#=' S(l)

:iert (19*! deelo3ed the 3rinci3le of measurin2 attitudes by asin2 3eo3le

to res3ond to a series of statements about a to3ic7 in terms of the e?tent to /hich they

a2ree /ith them7 and so ta33in2 into the co2nitie and affectie com3onents of attitudes8

The :iert ,cale is a fie (or seen! 3oint scale /hich is used to allo/ the indiidual to

e?3ress ho/ much they a2ree or disa2ree /ith a 3articular statement8

In our 3ro>ect7 to record the res3onses from the res3ondents7 /e hae used the

follo/in2 scale for each 3arameter

Table *81 :ierts ,cale used in 3ro>ect

G#() V)#(l S(l)

1 =ery &nim3ortant

&nim3ortant

* $eutral

Im3ortant

. =ery Im3ortant

!$ .)-2%) A3)#(2) +)%&9

or the ;ei2hted Aera2e


40/68

[Type text]

)8 The 'lobal ;ei2ht of the "arameter is calculated by multi3lyin2 its local

/ei2ht by the local /ei2ht of the corres3ondin2 Issue under /hich the

"arameter is classified8

@8 The 'lobal ;ei2hts are arran2ed in descendin2 order7 thereby 2iin2 the

ranin2 of the most sensitie factor for :ean and 'reen 5onstruction8

!$! A/(ly-(l H-)#(#%y P#&)''

The Analytic -ierarchy "rocess (A-"! is a structured techni4ue for or2aniHin2

and analysin2 com3le? decisions8 Based on mathematics and 3sycholo2y7 it /as

deelo3ed by Thomas :8 ,aaty in the 19@0s and has been e?tensiely studied and

refined since then8A-" belon2s to the family of multi3le7 usually conflictin2 attributes (-/an2 and %oon7 191!8 The 3hiloso3hy of A-"

is based on the intention to 3roide a com3rehensie and rational frame/or for

structurin2 a decision 3roblem7 for re3resentin2 and 4uantifyin2 its elements7 for relatin2

those elements to oerall 2oals and for ealuatin2 alternatie solutions.L$ In short7 it is a

method to derie ratio scales from 3aired com3arisons8

In A-"7 the decision 3roblem is broen into a hierarchy of subC3roblems7 /hich

can be analysed inde3endently8 Once the hierarchy is built7 the decision maers

systematically ealuate its arious elements by com3arin2 them to one another t/o at a

time7 /ith res3ect to their im3act on an element aboe them in the hierarchy8 In main2

the com3arisons7 the decision maers can use concrete data about the elements7 but they

ty3ically use their >ud2ments about the elementsQ relatie meanin2 and im3ortance8 In

the final ste3 of the 3rocess7 numerical 3riorities are calculated for each of the decision

alternaties8 These numbers re3resent the alternatiesQ relatie ability to achiee the

decision 2oal7 so they allo/ a strai2htfor/ard consideration of the arious courses of

action8 $o/adays7 arious com3uter soft/are lie E?3ert 5hoice are used for analysis

usin2 A-"8

A-" refers to “attributes67 “alternaties6 and “2oals68 “Attributes6 are the

arious 3arameters of an “alternatie67 based on /hich the com3arison is made8 The

“'oal6 is at the to3Cmost leel of the hierarchy and defines the ob>ectie of the analysis8

4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Saatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_L._Saatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCDA


41/68

[Type text]

The hierarchy ado3ted for the 3ro>ect7 /hich is diided into 2oal7 issues and 3arameter is

sho/n in A33endi? A8

Attribute “/ei2hts6 are the 4uantitatie /ay to e?3ress the im3ortance of each

attribute relatie to the others8 In our 3ro>ect7 /e hae used :ierts ,cale of ran2e 1C. in

order to assess the im3ortance of each 3arameter /e hae used8 The res3onses to the

indiidual 3arameters /ere aera2ed and /ei2hted8 The “/ei2hted aera2e6 for an

attribute can be e?3ressed mathematically as

∑i=1

n

(Wi x Xi)/ N

(;here ;iis the /ei2ht assi2ned to the ith o3tion7 Wi is the number of res3ondents /ho

selected the ith o3tion7 $ is the total number of res3onses8!

Accordin2 to ,aaty (009!7 the fundamental scale of A-" is a scale of absolute

numbers used to ans/er the basic 4uestion in all 3air /ise com3arisons how many

times more dominant is one element than the other with respect to a certain criterion or

attributeF8 Based on this 3rinci3le7 first a 3airC/ise com3arison is used to obtain the

relatie im3ortance amon2 the criteria8 &sin2 e?am3le from the 3ro>ect itself7 the

3rocess can be summariHed as belo/8or ;ater Efficiency7 the follo/in2 are the

3arameters and ratios of their /ei2hts7 as entered in the relatie im3ortance matri?

Table *8 ;ater Efficiency Relatie im3ortance matri?

P(#(:))#'

R)u-&/ -/

()# u'(2) *l(/'(7-/2

C&/#&l

&3)#

('(2) &* u#-/2

()#

.()# #)yl)

(/ #)u') &

:)) u-l-/2()#

#)u-#):)/'

R)u-&/ -/ ()#

u'(2) * l(/'(7-/21

08909.1@)

1089********

C&/#&l &3)# ('(2) &*

u#-/2 ()#180999@9) 1 180)190@)

.()# #)yl) (/

#)u') & :)) u-l-/2

()# #)u-#):)/'

180@1.@1089@@@9.

1

C&lu:/ Su: *81@091*)@ 8*990@1 89.9.*1

41


42/68

[Type text]

9

The aboe matri? is normaliHed by calculatin2 the sum of each column and

diidin2 each element of that column by the sum8 The result is as follo/s

Table *8* ;ater Efficiency $ormaliHed


43/68

[Type text]

The "rinci3al Ei2en =alue is calculated by multi3lyin2 the $ormaliHed Ei2en

=ector alue by the ori2inal column sum and the 3roducts thus obtained are added u38

The resultin2 alue is the "rinci3al Ei2en =alue8

V (08*1.. ? *81@1! U (08*)9 ? 08*@! U (08**1 ? 89)0!

V *8001.1.

The 5onsistency Inde? is calculated as follo/s

58I V ( Cn!J (nC1!

V (*8001.1.C*!J (*C1!

58I V 08000@.@.

The Randomness Inde? (R8I! is calculated from the follo/in2 table7 de3endin2 u3on the

siHe of matri? “n6

Table *8. Randomness Inde?

n 1 * . ) @ 9

R8I 0 0 08. 089 181 18 18* 181 18.

Thus7 here in this case7 R8IV 08.

As A-" accounts for human inconsistency /hile doin2 the 3air/ise

com3arison7 the 5onsistency Ratio is calculated as the ratio of 58I and R8I8

Thus7

58RV 58IJ R8I

V 08000@[email protected] 08.

58RV 08001*0.)

The 5onsistency Ratio should be less than 108

The aboe alue of 58R si2nifies that our ans/er is acce3table8 The 3riority

of the 3arameters is therefore as 2ien belo/

Table *8) ;ater

Efficiency "riority alues

43

P#--y

C&/#&l &3)# ('(2) &*

u#-/2 ()#08*)91)

.()# #)yl) (/

#)u') & :)) u-l-/2

()# #)u-#):)/'

08**0)@@.

R)u-&/ -/ ()#

u'(2) * l(/'(7-/208*1....@


44/68

[Type text]

The aboe table sho/s that for the ;ater Efficiency Issue7 5ontrol oer /asta2e

of curin2 /ater holds the ma?imum 3riority of *8)97 follo/ed by ;ater recycle and

reuse to meet buildin2 /ater re4uirements **80 and Reduction in /ater usa2e for

landsca3in2 as *18..8

CHAPTER 4

A/(ly'-' &* D((

4$1 u)'-&//(-#)

The 4uestionnaire /as deelo3ed after the literature study of arious academic

3a3ers and 'reen Buildin2 ratin2s manuals8 The 4uestionnaire that /e deelo3ed has

been included in the A33endi? B8 It consisted of three sections

18 'eneral Information

8 Ob>ectie 4uestions7 usin2 :ierts ,cale

*8 ,ub>ectie Guestions7 based on the res3onses recorded in (!8

4$1$1 G)/)#(l I/*:(-&/9

This section /as used to collect information about the 3erson fillin2 the

4uestionnaire8

4$1$ O;)-3) u)'-&/'9

44


45/68

[Type text]

This section /as used to record res3onses for 3arameters7 usin2 :ierts ,cale8

4$1$! Su;)-3) u)'-&/'9

,ome res3onses /ere inade4uate and needed to be su33lemented /ith additional

information8 They /ere recorded in this section of the 4uestionnaire8

4$ A/(ly'-'

The analysis /as carried out usin2 t/o methods and the results obtained from

both the methods /ere com3ared8 The t/o methods used /ere

18 ;ei2hted Aera2e


46/68

[Type text]

Table 81 ;ei2hted Aera2e P(#(:))#Gl&(l

)-2%R(/> P(#(:))#

Gl&(l

)-2%

1


47/68

[Type text]

<Reuse of landCclearin2

debris08009* 0

"ositie incentie for

decreasin2 or recyclin2

by subcontractors

0800*.1@

Reuse of concrete 080090 1 ,ala2e 0800*1

;aste reduction 2oal 0800.

Incentie for biddin2 for

a contractor hain2 a

3lan about decreasin2

/aste and increasin2

recycle

0800*1

,ettin2 u3 se3arated bins by /aste ty3es

0800*9 ! To reCharest buildin2materials lie brics7

fi?tures etc8

0800**

10

#eelo3ment of action

3lan 3ertainin2 to

/aste reduction

0800*@ 45ontrol oer /asta2e of

curin2 /ater 080019@

11"reentin2 /asta2e of

materials by labourers08001 5

;ater recycle and reuse

to meet buildin2 /ater

re4uirements

080019

1,torin2 /astes at an

easily accessible area08001 <

Reduction in /ater

usa2e for landsca3in208001@99

1!

#esi2n and

construction usin2

standardiHed materials

0800@@)

"reseration and reuse

of to3 soil durin2

construction

0800111

14

8)8 ,hortenin2 a

3eriod of tain2 /astes

out of a site

0800@)9 "reentin2 mi?in2 of

/aste /ith soil080010@1

4


48/68

[Type text]

)ini%i(in* loss o7 %aterials durin* carryin* and storin* 9itin 5% o7 site

#euse o7 certi;ed 9ood

#euse o7 %etals

tili(ation o7 8y


49/68

[Type text]

4$$ A/(ly-(l H-)#(#%y P#&)''

4$$$1 P#&;) Pl(//-/2 (/ D)3)l&7:)/

Table 8 "ro>ect "lannin2 and Table 8* "ro>ect "lannin2 and

#eelo3ment ect "lannin2 and #eelo3ment


50/68

[Type text]

1.5. 0esi*n and construction usin* standardi(ed %aterials? 1@

1.1. -re$entin* 7ro% excess ordered %aterials? 1@1.&. -re7a:rication o7 %aterials? 1@

1.3. Te 9aste %ana*e%ent plan is co%%unicated to la:orers? 1&@

1.4. 6ontractual 6lauses 7or a su:contractor in dealin* 9it 9astes? 1&@

1.2. ,nstallin* an in7or%ation :oard to notice cate*ories 7or separatin* 9astes? 1&@

Project Planning and Development

i28 8 "ro>ect "lannin2 and #eelo3ment "ie 5hart

4$$$ .()# E**--)/y

Table 8 ;ater Efficiency


51/68

[Type text]

2.1. #eduction in 9ater usa*e 7or landscapin*3.

3.

3.

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

3.2

4.31

4.2

Water Efciency

Parameters

Mean Value

i28 8. ;ater Efficiency uire%ents

2.1. #eduction in 9ater usa*e 7or landscapin*

.2 .3 .32 .34 .3&

Water Efciency

51


52/68

[Type text]

i28 8) ;ater Efficiency "riority

2.2. 6ontrol o$er 9asta*e o7 curin* 9ater? 35@

2.3. Water recycle and reuse to %eet :uildin* 9ater re>uire%ents? 34@

2.1. #eduction in 9ater usa*e 7or landscapin*? 32@

Water Efciency

i28 8@ ;ater Efficiency "ie 5hart

4$$$! +()#-(l' U-l-(-&/

Table 8)


53/68

[Type text]

*8@8


54/68

[Type text]

3.. )ini%i(in* loss o7 %aterials durin* carryin* and storin* 9itin 5% o7 site

3.5. #euse o7 certi;ed 9ood

3.4. #euse o7 %etals

3.1. tili(ation o7 8y


55/68

[Type text]

Table 8 ;aste


56/68

[Type text]

4.1. Waste reduction *oal? 1@

4.4. Settin* up separated :ins :y 9aste types? 1@

4.2. 0e$elop%ent o7 action plan pertainin* to 9aste reduction? 1@

4.3. -re$entin* 9asta*e o7 %aterials :y la:ourers? 1@

4.5. Storin* 9astes at an easily accessi:le area? 1@

4.&. Sortenin* a period o7 takin* 9astes out o7 a site? 1&@

Waste Management

i28 81* ;aste


57/68

[Type text]

5.1. -reser$ation and reuse o7 top soil durin* construction

5.2. -re$entin* %ixin* o7 9aste 9it soil

.4 .4 .5 .51

Environmental Aspects

Priority

Parameter

i28 81. Enironmental As3ects "riority

5.1. -reser$ation and reuse o7 top soil durin* construction? [email protected]. -re$entin* %ixin* o7 9aste 9it soil? 4@

Environmental Aspect

5


58/68

[Type text]

i28 81) Enironmental As3ects "ie 5hart

4$$$< E&/&:- A'7)'Table 81 Economic As3ects Table 81* Economic As3ects "riority


59/68

[Type text]

&.3. -ositi$e incenti$e 7or decreasin* or recyclin* :y su:contractors

&.1. #eco$ery o7 %aterials 7or onsite resue or donation to 3rd party :e7ore deconstruction

&.2. ,ncenti$e 7or :iddin* 7or a contractor a$in* a plan a:out decreasin* 9aste and increasin* recycle

&.4. To re


60/68

[Type text]

4$! R) &* R)'7&/')'Total number of res3onses recordedV )

Total number of 4uestionnaire circulatedV *Thus7

Res3onse V26

34 x100

V @)8@

Therefore7 the 3ercenta2e res3onse is found to be @)8@8 The follo/in2 table

and 3ieCchart sho/ the details of the res3onses collected8

Table 81 Res3onse

C()2yNu:)# &*

#)'7&/')'

5ontractors and

,ubCcontractors11

'oernment

,ite En2ineers )

,tudents and

Academician@

6ontractors and Su:


61/68

[Type text]

R)'ul, C&/lu'-&/ (/ Fuu#) S&7)

5$1 R)'ulThe most sensitie 3arameter for :ean and 'reen construction is “ectie 4uestions7 es3ecially7 the ty3es and

mana2ement of the /aste 2enerated at the site8

5$! C&/lu'-&/The 3ro>ect is concluded as follo/s

•

The construction industry utiliHes a lar2e amount of ener2y and resources8 Besides7 it2enerates co3ious amounts of 3ollution8 Therefore7 there is a need to deelo3 such

3ractices in construction /hich are enironment friendly8 This 2ae rise to the

conce3tualiHation of 'reen Buildin28 'RI-A7 BREEA


62/68

[Type text]

')/'--3) 7(#(:))# &(-/) y AHP -' also %) '(:)$ T%) #(/>-/2' &* %)

#):(-/-/2 7(#(:))#' -/ .)-2%) A3)#(2) +)%& (#) similar to those &(-/) y

AHP ?&% * -/-3-u(l issues and oerall com3arison!8 Also7 the most sensitie issue

is “ect8 The

findin2s of our 3ro>ect /ill hel3 the construction industry in "une re2ion to 3rimarily

focus on these sensitie 3arameters in order to reduce /aste and im3roe efficiency of

their 3ro>ects and thereby contribute 3ositiely to the enironment7 at the same time

deliery 3ro>ects /ithin economy8

A""E$#IW

A""E$#IW A -ierarchy

&2


63/68

[Type text]

A""E$#IW BGuestionnaire

&3


64/68

[Type text]

G)/)#(l I/*:(-&/

18 $ame

8 Or2anisation

*8 Address

8 Tele3hone no8

.8 ECmail

)8 Are you a/are of the term “L)(/ C&/'#u-&/6F %es

$o

u)'-&//(-#)

The ,urey uses the L->)#=' S(l) for ealuation8 The follo/in2 table

sho/s the conersion of the scale7 the ratin2s bein2 1C.

G#() V)#(l S(l)

1 =ery &nim3ortant

&nim3ortant

* $eutral

Im3ortant

. =ery Im3ortant

"lease tic the a33ro3riate res3onse as a33licable to the 3ro>ect8

S#$

N&$D)'#-7-&/

G#()

1 ! 4 5

1 "ro>ect has a /aste reduction 2oal #eelo3ment of action 3lan 3ertainin2 to /aste

reduction

&4


65/68

[Type text]

* The 3lan is communicated to the laborers and cre/

Incentie in biddin2 for a contractor hain2 a 3lan about

decreasin2 /aste and increasin2 recycle. 5ontractual clauses for a subcontractor in dealin2 /ith

/astes

) "ositie incentie for decreasin2 or recyclin2 by

subcontractors

@ "reentin2 /asta2e of materials by laborers

"reseration and reuse of to3soil durin2 construction

9 "reentin2 mi?in2 /astes /ith soil

10 Reduction in /ater usa2e for :andsca3in2

11 5ontrol oer /asta2e of curin2 /ater

1 ;ater recycle and reuse to meet buildin2 /aterre4uirements

1* &tiliHation of flyCash in construction

1 #econstruction7 to reCharest buildin2 materials lie

brics7 fi?tures etc8

1. ,ala2e recoery of materials for onsite reuse or

donation to third 3arty before deconstruction

1) Reuse of concrete

1@ Reuse of landCclearin2 debris

1 Reuse of metals

19 Reuse of certified /ood

0 Reuse of broen brics

1 #esi2n and construction usin2 standardiHed materials

"refabrication of materials

* "reentin2 from e?cessCordered materials


66/68

[Type text]

8 ;hat is your action 3lan to reduce construction /asteF

*8 Are there any contractual clauses or incenties to the contractors and

subcontractors to reduce /asteF

8 -o/ is the su33lyCchain and demand of the materials controlled at

the siteF

.8 -ae you incor3orated any innoatie /ays to increase the efficiency

of the deliery of the 3ro>ectF

REFERENCES

18 XEconomy ;atch C ollo/ The


67/68

[Type text]

*8 'RI-A manual7 olume 7


68/68

[Type text]

1)8 “'lobal /ei2hts of 3arameters for sustainable buildin2s from consultants

3ers3ecties in Indian conte?t “7 Ra>i Bhatt and +8E8

ketki Full Project Report.docx

Documents