SCIENCE-BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: A GLIMPSE OVER PREPAREDNESS INITIATIVES IN INDONESIA AND INDIAN OCEAN COUNTRIES FIVE YEARS AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 2004 Irina Rafliana Coordinator Community Preparedness Program (COMPRESS) – LIPI Chair Working Group 6: Community Preparedness, Emergency Response & Mitigation Intergovernmental Coordinating Group Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (ICG-IOTWS) Coordinator Group5: Research Group on Disaster Education Indonesia-Japan JICA JST Joint Collaboration on Multidiscipline for Reducing Risks on Earthquake and Volcanoes Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) - Indonesian Institute of Sciences [email protected]
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SCIENCE-BASED DISASTER PREPAREDNESS:A GLIMPSE OVER PREPAREDNESS INITIATIVES IN INDONESIAAND INDIAN OCEAN COUNTRIES FIVE YEARS AFTER INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 2004
Irina Rafliana
CoordinatorCommunity Preparedness Program (COMPRESS) – LIPI
ChairWorking Group 6: Community Preparedness, Emergency Response & Mitigation
Intergovernmental Coordinating Group Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (ICG-IOTWS)
CoordinatorGroup5: Research Group on Disaster Education
Indonesia-Japan JICA JST Joint Collaboration on Multidiscipline for Reducing Risks on Earthquake and Volcanoes
Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) - Indonesian Institute of [email protected]
The aftermath of the Indian Ocean
Tsunami 2004
Flores 1992 EQ 7.5 – 2000 killed
Banyuwangi 1994EQ 7.5 sa– 250 killed
Pangandaran 2006 EQ 6.8 - 500 killed
Biak 1996 EQ 8.1 167 killed
TSUNAMIAceh – Nias 2004 EQ 9.0 – 166,000 killed
Source : BMKG
Alam takambang Jadi Guru…
The nature has become our teacher…
ICG/IOTWS Regional Training Workshop on Tsunami Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Bangkok, Thailand, 3-9 November 2009
Padang
Tsunami Risk Map - National Geographic Indonesia
March Edition - 2005
Post Tsunami 2004• The wisdom of ‘Smong’
being talked about
• Possible relations of local folklores and myths with past tsunami events
• Palaeotsunami research & social-cultural studies
• Increased initiatives in awareness dan disaster risk reduction
Community-based Disaster Preparedness training & SOP, drills
Disaster preparedness training, SOP, drillsTE
STIN
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HE
WA
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CH
AIN
:IN
TEG
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CIS
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EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Some Gaps and challenges, at local and global
• Risks dimensions VS presssing development priorities often takes precedence
over mitigation, prevention & disaster risks management
• Current capacities of local government appear ‘ill-prepared’ in taking this often
highly technical, costly and time consuming responsibilities
• Lack encourage to build local capacities to develop, use, access and utilize risk
information (Tumbaga, et. al., Propelling Growth, Managing Costs: A Challenge to Local Governments,
ACSPPA, 2003)
Disrupting issues in preparedness
Disasters and external supports
• The cost of disasters in the 1990’s were 15 times higher than they were in 1950’s
• In 1990’s alone, disaster affected 40% of world’s population, most in developing countries
• World Bank spending on natural disasters risen. Since 1980’s, there are 550 disaster-related projects, more than USD 26 billion in lending for disaster response and mitigation
(Source: Chibber.A, Parker. R, World Bank, Bringing Disaster risk into Development Thinking: How Often Do We Need to be Shaken before We are Stirred? – Real Risk, 2006)
The absence of costs provided by local government for
such efforts allows external resources induced...
• Initiatives made by national government or international organizations
• Capacity building proccesses then likely to be externally directed with greater decision making power rest in these non-local entities
• when external initiatives ends, local government and their community are left to deal the consequences as best they can
(Tumbaga, et.al.; 2003)
Roles Played in the community Preparedness on InaTWS
Unesco Ind. Red Coss (PMI)
GTZ-IS Local players
Consortium on Disaster Edu.(CDE) (NGO, Local gov’t, local
organizations, private)
Universities
SCOPE IN DRR EDUCATION
Identify Hazards
Reduce Vulnerability
Increase Capacity
Increase Preparedness
National (academic)institutions
Local government Schools &
community
National (academic)institutions
Local government Schools &
community
ICG/IOTWS Regional Training Workshop on Tsunami Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Bangkok, Thailand, 3-9 November 2009
Padang City: Recapitulation of 5 years post Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
• Official warning from BMKG reached authorities in Padang within 5 minutes, and local private radio (Pro News & Classy FM).• Government officials and NGO’s quickly received information from EOC via radio communication network•Official warning to public was largely absent in the first 30 minutes• evacuation process snarled by massive traffic congestion• Local FM radio (RRI) brought official warning to the public
The first 30 minutes in Padang:30 September 2009 EQ case
Open end remarks...
• Tsunamis, as long ‘return period’ hazard is challenging. It may not be a country’s top list priority comparing to other hazards. It may not recur even over several generations.
• Community preparedness is an on-going, life long learning proccess, trans generations. Many results of preparedness might not be tangible but observable and measurable.
• National policies in land use, environmental protection laws & education should be incorporated in a participatory mechanism, encouraging bottom-up demands, to allow community involvement in planning and implementing their best disaster risk management, including their preparedness.
• Preparedness is the most cost efficient effort with significant relations to the global development, and in reducing loss of life.
Learning from the lessons, what will derail sustainable disaster risk
reduction including prepraredness…
• Over-confident with merely top-down approach or bottom-up, without merging both polar
• Inability to capitalize knowledge and resources
• Missing interface from science/research to public, policy makers and end-users