EFFECTS OF CROSS-LINKING ON THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING FOR HDPE PIPE MATERIAL USING ELECTRON BEAM MACHINE. KESAN PENYILANGAN STRUKTUR RANTAI KEATAS UJIAN TEKANAN HIDROSTATIK PAIP HDPE MENGGUNAKAN MESIN ALUR ELEKTRON. Mohd Jamil Bin Hashim 1 , Siti Noraini Binti Kawaeed 2 1 Bahagian Perkhidmatan Teknikal,Unit Pembangunan dan Penyenggaraan Awam,Pusat Pengurusan Sisa,Institut Penyelidikan Teknologi Nuklear Malaysia (MINT),Bangi, 43000 KAJANG, Selangor. 2 Kulliyah kejuruteraan (Bahan), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia,53100 Gombak, Kuala Lumpur. e-mail: [email protected]Abstract One of the most inventive, sustainable strategies used in engineering field is to improve the quality of material and minimize production cost of material for example in this paper is HDPE material. This is because HDPE is an oil base material. This paper proposes to improve its hydrostatic pressure performance for HDPE pipe. The burst test is the most direct measurement of a pipe material’s resistance to hydrostatic pressure. Test will be conducted in accordance with ASTM standard for HDPE pipe that undergo electron beam irradiation cross-linking. Studies show the effect of electron beam irradiation will improve the mechanical properties of HDPE pipe. When cross-linking is induced, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and young modulus is increase correspond to the radiation dose. This happen because the structure of HDPE, which is thermoplastic change to thermoset.This, will indicate the variability of irradiation dose which regard this pipe pressure rate. Hence, the thickness ratio of pipe will be re-examining in order to make the production of HDPE pipe become more economical but sustain its thickness. This research review the effects of electron beam on HDPE pipe, as well as to reduce the cost of its production to improve key properties of selected plastic pipe products.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
EFFECTS OF CROSS-LINKING ON THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING FOR HDPE PIPE MATERIAL USING ELECTRON BEAM MACHINE.
KESAN PENYILANGAN STRUKTUR RANTAI KEATAS UJIAN TEKANAN HIDROSTATIK PAIP HDPE MENGGUNAKAN MESIN ALUR ELEKTRON.
Mohd Jamil Bin Hashim1, Siti Noraini Binti Kawaeed2
1Bahagian Perkhidmatan Teknikal,Unit Pembangunan dan Penyenggaraan Awam,Pusat Pengurusan Sisa,Institut Penyelidikan Teknologi Nuklear Malaysia (MINT),Bangi, 43000
KAJANG, Selangor.2Kulliyah kejuruteraan (Bahan), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia,53100 Gombak, Kuala
One of the most inventive, sustainable strategies used in engineering field is to improve the quality of material and minimize production cost of material for example in this paper is HDPE material. This is because HDPE is an oil base material. This paper proposes to improve its hydrostatic pressure performance for HDPE pipe. The burst test is the most direct measurement of a pipe material’s resistance to hydrostatic pressure. Test will be conducted in accordance with ASTM standard for HDPE pipe that undergo electron beam irradiation cross-linking. Studies show the effect of electron beam irradiation will improve the mechanical properties of HDPE pipe. When cross-linking is induced, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and young modulus is increase correspond to the radiation dose. This happen because the structure of HDPE, which is thermoplastic change to thermoset.This, will indicate the variability of irradiation dose which regard this pipe pressure rate. Hence, the thickness ratio of pipe will be re-examining in order to make the production of HDPE pipe become more economical but sustain its thickness. This research review the effects of electron beam on HDPE pipe, as well as to reduce the cost of its production to improve key properties of selected plastic pipe products.
Salah satu strategi yang paling inventif dan berterusan yang digunakan di dalam bidang kejuruteraan adalah berusaha meningkatkan kualiti bahan disamping mengurangkan kos produk bahan seperti penggunaan bahan HDPE.Ini kerana HDPE merupakan bahan berasaskan minyak. Oleh itu,kajian ini mencadangkan penambahbaikan prestasi ujian tekanan hidrostatik paip jenis HDPE. Ujian paip pecah merupakan satu ujian mengukur kekuatan rintangan paip keatas tekanan hidrostatik. Ujian akan dijalankan berpandukan kepada spesifikasi ASTM keatas paip yang telah di radiasi dengan mesin alur elektron. Kajian menunjukkan kesan mesin alur elektron meningkatkan sifat mekanikal paip HDPE.Apabila struktur mata rantai penyilangan berlaku terhadap struktur asal HDPE, sifat mekanikal seperti kekuatan tegangan dan “young modulus” paip meningkat.Ini terjadi kerana struktur asal HDPE iaitu “thermoplastic” telah bertukar kepada struktur “thermoset”. Kajian ini akan mengkaji semula kesan radiasi elektron ke atas paip HDPE untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanikal disamping mengkaji kesesuaian ketebalan diameter paip agar dapat mengurangkan kos produk yang telah dipilih.
KEYWORDS: Burst Test, Cross-Linking, Electron Beam, HDPE Pipe, Hydrostatic Pressure, Irradiation Dose, Pressure Rating. KATA KUNCI : Ujian Paip Pecah, Rantai Penyilangan, Alur Electron, Tekanan Hidrostatik, Jumlah Radiasi, Kadar Tekanan.
Introduction
Polyethylene has been used for water piping applications both domestically and internationally
since the 1960’s. In 1998 high performance PE materials were introduced in Europe. High-
density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) is a polyethylene
thermoplastic made from petroleum. It takes 1.75 kilograms of petroleum (in terms of energy and
raw materials) to make one kilogram of HDPE. HDPE is commonly recycled, and has the
number "2" as its recycling symbol.
High –density polyethylene (HDPE) (0.941 ≤ density < 0.965) is a thermoplastic material
composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms joined forming high molecular weight products1. In
HDPE and other thermoplastic materials, the molecular chains are not cross-linked and such
plastics will melt with the application of a sufficient amount of heat. With the application of heat,
thermoplastic resin may be shaped, formed, molded or extruded.
HDPE is resistant to many different solvents and has a wide variety of applications, including:
Arena Board (puck board),Bottles, suitable for use as refillable bottles,Chemical resistant piping
systems, Coax inner insulators (dielectric insulating spacer),Containers such as Fuel tanks for
vehicles, Laundry bottles,Milk jugs and cans,corrosion protection for steel pipelines, water, for
domestic water supply and others.
Carbon black was incorporated as reinforcement filler in HDPE compound. Carbon black has
unique ability to enhance the physical properties of elastometer. This well documented
phenomenon termed as reinforcement has a profound effect on today’s pipe industry. Electron
beam modification on filled polyethylene has been studied earlier 2. It is well known that
polyethylene belong to the class of cross-linkable due to the present of unsaturated polyisoprene