1 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter – 1 Important Statistics on Kerala Tourism Important Statistics on Kerala Tourism Important Statistics on Kerala Tourism Important Statistics on Kerala Tourism 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Kerala at a Glance Kerala at a Glance Kerala at a Glance Kerala at a Glance Kerala, the strip of lush green land between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats is popularly known as the ‘Gods own Country’. It has an area of about 38,863sq.km and is inhabited by about 33.39 million people as per Census – 2011. It is located at the South-West tip of India and is on the top among all the Indian States in terms of different human development indicators. Some of the basic facts about Kerala are summarized below; 1.1.1 .1.1 .1.1 .1.1 Geographical Features Geographical Features Geographical Features Geographical Features Location: The State lies between 8 0 18 ‘and 12 0 48’ north latitude and between 74 0 52’ and 77 0 48’ of longitude. Capital : Thiruvananthapuram Area : 38,863 sq km Water bodied : 945.3 sq km Forest Area : 9400 sq km Time : GMT + 5:30 Districts : 14 Nos. Taluks : 63 Nos. CD Blocks : 152 Villages : 1453 Panchayaths : 978 Corporations : 5 Nos. Municipalities : 60 Nos. Cultivated Area : 20.89 lakh ha Currency : Indian Rupee Climate : Tropical Wetlands : 0.39 lakh ha Summer : February – May Monsoon : June – September Winter : October – January Highest Peak : Anamudi
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Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter –––– 1111
Important Statistics on Kerala TourismImportant Statistics on Kerala TourismImportant Statistics on Kerala TourismImportant Statistics on Kerala Tourism
1.11.11.11.1 Kerala at a GlanceKerala at a GlanceKerala at a GlanceKerala at a Glance
Kerala, the strip of lush green land between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats is
popularly known as the ‘Gods own Country’. It has an area of about 38,863sq.km and is
inhabited by about 33.39 million people as per Census – 2011. It is located at the South-West tip
of India and is on the top among all the Indian States in terms of different human development
indicators. Some of the basic facts about Kerala are summarized below;
1111.1.1 .1.1 .1.1 .1.1 Geographical FeaturesGeographical FeaturesGeographical FeaturesGeographical Features
Location: The State lies between 80 18 ‘and 120 48’ north latitude and between 740 52’ and 770 48’
of longitude.
Capital : Thiruvananthapuram
Area : 38,863 sq km
Water bodied : 945.3 sq km
Forest Area : 9400 sq km
Time : GMT + 5:30
Districts : 14 Nos.
Taluks : 63 Nos.
CD Blocks : 152
Villages : 1453
Panchayaths : 978
Corporations : 5 Nos.
Municipalities : 60 Nos.
Cultivated Area : 20.89 lakh ha
Currency : Indian Rupee
Climate : Tropical
Wetlands : 0.39 lakh ha
Summer : February – May
Monsoon : June – September
Winter : October – January
Highest Peak : Anamudi
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Longest River : Periyar
Average Annual Rainfall : 2900 mm
1.1.2 1.1.2 1.1.2 1.1.2 Population ParametersPopulation ParametersPopulation ParametersPopulation Parameters
1.1.1.1. World Tourism ScenarioWorld Tourism ScenarioWorld Tourism ScenarioWorld Tourism Scenario (a) Tourist arrivals in 2009 : 877 million
(b) Growth over the previous year : -4.0 Percent
(c) Tourism receipt in 2009 : USD 851 billion
(d) Growth over the previous year : -9.4 Percent
2.2.2.2. Indian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism Scenario
(a) Foreign tourist arrivals in 2009 : 5.11 million
(b) Growth over the previous year : -3.3 Percent
(c) Foreign exchange earnings from tourism : Rs.54960 Crores (USD
11.39
billion)
(d) Growth over the previous year : -3.0 percent
(e) Indian Nationals went abroad during 2009 : 11.07 million
(f) Growth over the previous year : 1.8 percent
(g) International tourist visits in 2009
across the states : 13.72 million
(h) Growth over the previous year : -2.8 percent
(i) Domestic tourist visit across the states : 650.04 million
(j) Growth over the previous year : 15.5 percent
3.3.3.3. Kerala Tourism ScenarioKerala Tourism ScenarioKerala Tourism ScenarioKerala Tourism Scenario
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(a) International tourist visits in 2009 : 0.56 million
(b) Growth over the previous year : -6.96 percent
(c) Domestic tourist visits during 2009 : 7.91 million
(d) Growth over the previous year : 4.2 percent
4.4.4.4. Major Source MMajor Source MMajor Source MMajor Source Markets of Foreign Tourists of Kerala in 2009arkets of Foreign Tourists of Kerala in 2009arkets of Foreign Tourists of Kerala in 2009arkets of Foreign Tourists of Kerala in 2009
(a) United Kingdom (U.K) : 23.0 percent (b) France : 8.8 percent (c) United states of America (USA) : 8.6 percent (d) Germany : 8.0 percent (e) Australia : 3.9 percent (f) Canada : 2.9 percent (g) Italy : 2.7 percent (h) Maldives : 2.7 percent (i) Netherland : 2.6 percent (j) UAE : 2.6 percent (k) Switzerland : 2.4 percent (l) Saudi Arabia : 2.2 percent (m) Russia : 1.6 percent (n) Sweden : 1.6 percent (o) Spain : 1.6 percent
5.5.5.5. Major Source Markets of Domestic Tourists of Kerala in 2009Major Source Markets of Domestic Tourists of Kerala in 2009Major Source Markets of Domestic Tourists of Kerala in 2009Major Source Markets of Domestic Tourists of Kerala in 2009
3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 Foreign TouForeign TouForeign TouForeign Tourist Visits rist Visits rist Visits rist Visits inininin Kerala Kerala Kerala Kerala overoveroverover the Ythe Ythe Ythe Yearsearsearsears
Foreign tourist visits in Kerala during 2009 were 557,240 as compared to 598,929 in the
previous year and thus registered a decline of about 7.0 percent. It was primarily due to
economic crisis and the overall declines both in the world tourist arrivals and all India tourist
arrivals.
Although, foreign tourist visits registered a decline in 2009 as compared to the previous
year, it recorded an average annual rate of growth of about 10.3 percent per year during the ten
year period since 1999. The year – wise foreign tourist visits in Kerala since 1999 are given in
Table 3.1.
Table 3.1Table 3.1Table 3.1Table 3.1:::: ForeignForeignForeignForeign Tourist Arrivals in KeralaTourist Arrivals in KeralaTourist Arrivals in KeralaTourist Arrivals in Kerala ((((1991991991999999----2009200920092009))))
YearYearYearYear No. of Foreign No. of Foreign No. of Foreign No. of Foreign TouristsTouristsTouristsTourists
% of increase% of increase% of increase% of increase
The single largest source market of Kerala for foreign tourist visits is United Kingdom,
with a share of about 23.0 percent in 2009. In fact, United Kingdom has been continuing as the
top tourist market of Kerala over the years. The second largest market was France with a share
of 8.8 percent and it was followed by United States of America with a share of about 8.6 percent.
The nationality-wise foreign tourist visits during 2009 is given in Table 3.2.
Table Table Table Table 3.3.3.3.2222 NationalityNationalityNationalityNationality –––– WWWWiseiseiseise VisitsVisitsVisitsVisits of of of of Foreign Foreign Foreign Foreign Tourists in Tourists in Tourists in Tourists in 2008 2008 2008 2008 andandandand 2009200920092009
Sl. No.Sl. No.Sl. No.Sl. No. CountryCountryCountryCountry 2008200820082008 % share in % share in % share in % share in 2008200820082008
2009200920092009 % share in % share in % share in % share in 2009200920092009
% varia% varia% varia% variation over tion over tion over tion over previous yearprevious yearprevious yearprevious year
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict----wise Distribution of Foreign Tourist Visitswise Distribution of Foreign Tourist Visitswise Distribution of Foreign Tourist Visitswise Distribution of Foreign Tourist Visits
Although Thiruvananthapuram district received the highest share of foreign
tourist visits during 2008, it was Ernakulam district which could take the top position during
2009. The other districts which could receive a sizeable share of foreign tourists during 2009
were Idukki, Alappuzha and Kottayam. The district-wise distribution of foreign tourist visits in
Kerala during the last seven years are given in Table: 3.3.
Table 3.3 Table 3.3 Table 3.3 Table 3.3 DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict –––– WWWWiseiseiseise Arrival of Arrival of Arrival of Arrival of FFFForeign oreign oreign oreign TTTTouristouristouristourist visits invisits invisits invisits in KeralaKeralaKeralaKerala
Sl. Sl. Sl. Sl. NoNoNoNo
DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict No. of TouristsNo. of TouristsNo. of TouristsNo. of Tourists Proportion Proportion Proportion Proportion
to totalto totalto totalto total 2003200320032003 2004200420042004 2005200520052005 2006200620062006 2007200720072007 2008200820082008 2009200920092009
Total KeralaTotal KeralaTotal KeralaTotal Kerala 294,621294,621294,621294,621 345,546345,546345,546345,546 346,499346,499346,499346,499 428,534428,534428,534428,534 515,808515,808515,808515,808 598,929598,929598,929598,929 557,2557,2557,2557,258585858 100.00100.00100.00100.00
Region-wise and district-wise foreign tourist visits since 2003 are given in Table 3.4. The
Central and South Kerala have been receiving the highest share of foreign tourists over the
years. The northern region consisting of the six districts of Palakkad, Malappuram, Wayanad,
Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasaragode received only 5.9 percent of the total tourist visits in Kerala
during 2009.
Table 3.4Table 3.4Table 3.4Table 3.4:::: RegionRegionRegionRegion----wise and Districwise and Districwise and Districwise and Districtttt----wise Foreign Tourist wise Foreign Tourist wise Foreign Tourist wise Foreign Tourist Visits in Kerala OVisits in Kerala OVisits in Kerala OVisits in Kerala Over the ver the ver the ver the YYYYearsearsearsears
Sl. Sl. Sl. Sl. NoNoNoNo
DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict No. of TouristNo. of TouristNo. of TouristNo. of Tourist VisitsVisitsVisitsVisits Proportion Proportion Proportion Proportion
to totalto totalto totalto total 2003200320032003 2004200420042004 2005200520052005 2006200620062006 2007200720072007 2008200820082008 2009200920092009
Total KeralaTotal KeralaTotal KeralaTotal Kerala 294,621294,621294,621294,621 345,546345,546345,546345,546 346,499346,499346,499346,499 428,534428,534428,534428,534 515,808515,808515,808515,808 598,929598,929598,929598,929 557,2557,2557,2557,258585858 100.00100.00100.00100.00
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 Seasonality in Foreign Tourist VisitsSeasonality in Foreign Tourist VisitsSeasonality in Foreign Tourist VisitsSeasonality in Foreign Tourist Visits.
There is significant seasonality in foreign tourist visits to the State. While the months of
November, December, January, February and March receive the maximum number of
tourists, the month of June receives the least number of tourists. The month-wise
foreign tourist visits since 2003 along with month-wise seasonality indices are given in
Table 3.5
Table 3.5Table 3.5Table 3.5Table 3.5: : : : Month wMonth wMonth wMonth wise Foreign ise Foreign ise Foreign ise Foreign Tourist Visits and STourist Visits and STourist Visits and STourist Visits and Seasonality easonality easonality easonality IndiIndiIndiIndicccceseseses
Sl.Sl.Sl.Sl. NoNoNoNo
MonthMonthMonthMonth 2003200320032003 2004200420042004 2005200520052005 2006200620062006 2007200720072007 2008200820082008 2009200920092009 % of variation % of variation % of variation % of variation over previous over previous over previous over previous
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Domestic Tourist Visits in Kerala over the YearsDomestic Tourist Visits in Kerala over the YearsDomestic Tourist Visits in Kerala over the YearsDomestic Tourist Visits in Kerala over the Years
Domestic tourist visits in Kerala during 2009 were about 7.91 million – as compared to 7.59
million during the previous year. The growth in domestic tourist visits during the year was
4.2 percent. There has been moderate increases in domestic tourist visits in all the previous
ten years except during 2005. The year – wise domestic tourist visits and percentage
changes since 1999 are given in Table 3.7
Table 3.7: Domestic Tourist VTable 3.7: Domestic Tourist VTable 3.7: Domestic Tourist VTable 3.7: Domestic Tourist Visitsisitsisitsisits in Kerala in Kerala in Kerala in Kerala During During During During 1991991991999 to 9 to 9 to 9 to 2009200920092009
YearYearYearYear No.No.No.No. of Domestic of Domestic of Domestic of Domestic TouristTouristTouristTourist VisitsVisitsVisitsVisits
% of incre% of incre% of incre% of increaaaasesesese
1999 4888287 9.07
2000 5013221 2.56
2001 5239692 4.52
2002 5568256 6.27
2003 5871228 5.44
2004 5972182 1.72
2005 5946423 -0.43
2006 6271724 5.47
2007 6642941 5.92
2008 7591250 14.28
2009 7913537 4.25
3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Main Source Markets of Domestic TouristsMain Source Markets of Domestic TouristsMain Source Markets of Domestic TouristsMain Source Markets of Domestic Tourists
Out of 7.91 million domestic tourist visits, 5.94 million visits (75.05 percent) were made by
the Keralites. Tamil Nadu contributed 10.55 percent of the domestic tourist visits. It was
followed by Karnataka with a share of 6.18 percent and Maharashtra with a share of 2.07
percent. The other major source markets are Andhra Pradesh (1.31 percent), Delhi (1.00
percent), Gujarat (0.58 percent) and West Bengal (0.52 percent). The state – wise tourist
visits along with the percentage share are given in Table 3.8
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Table 3.8: Table 3.8: Table 3.8: Table 3.8: DiDiDiDistribution of stribution of stribution of stribution of Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Tourist VTourist VTourist VTourist Visits isits isits isits inininin Kerala Kerala Kerala Kerala
by State of Origin by State of Origin by State of Origin by State of Origin During During During During 2009200920092009
3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 District District District District –––– wise Distribution of Domestic Touristswise Distribution of Domestic Touristswise Distribution of Domestic Touristswise Distribution of Domestic Tourists
The highest share of domestic tourist visits is recorded by Ernakulam district in all the
years since 2003. During 2009, the share of the district was 22.97 percent. The second
largest share of domestic tourist visits is recorded in Thrissur district. It was followed by
Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode districts with shares of 13.57 percent and 7.27
percent respectively during 2009. The district – wise domestic tourist visits since 2003 are
given in Table 3.9.
Table 3.9: Table 3.9: Table 3.9: Table 3.9: DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict –––– WiseWiseWiseWise Domestic TouristDomestic TouristDomestic TouristDomestic Tourist Visits During Visits During Visits During Visits During 2003200320032003 to to to to 2009200920092009
Month – wise and district – wise domestic tourist visits in Kerala during 2009 are
given in Table 3.11. The districts of Ernakulam, Thrissur and Thiruvananthapuram
17
received the maximum number of domestic tourist visits during the month of
December.
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Table 3.11: District Table 3.11: District Table 3.11: District Table 3.11: District –––– wisewisewisewise and and and and MMMMonthonthonthonth –––– wisewisewisewise SSSStatistics of tatistics of tatistics of tatistics of Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic TTTTourist Visits inourist Visits inourist Visits inourist Visits in 2009200920092009
Indian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism ScenarioIndian Tourism Scenario
4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Year Year Year Year –––– Wise Foreign Tourist ArrivalsWise Foreign Tourist ArrivalsWise Foreign Tourist ArrivalsWise Foreign Tourist Arrivals
India received about 5.11 million foreign tourists during 2009 as against 5.28 million
tourists during 2008 and thus registered a decline of about 3.5 percent. However, there has
been an average annual growth of 7.5 percent in foreign tourist arrivals since 1999. The
year – wise foreign tourist arrivals in India are given in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Foreign Tourist in India According to Gender, 199Table 4.1: Foreign Tourist in India According to Gender, 199Table 4.1: Foreign Tourist in India According to Gender, 199Table 4.1: Foreign Tourist in India According to Gender, 1999999----2009200920092009
All CountriesAll CountriesAll CountriesAll Countries 5282603528260352826035282603 100.0100.0100.0100.0 5108579510857951085795108579 100.0100.0100.0100.0
Source: - Bureau of Immigration, India
4.44.44.44.4 Port of EntryPort of EntryPort of EntryPort of Entry
Delhi airport continues to be single largest port of entry, for foreign tourists visiting India.
It is followed by Mumbai airport though its share has been declining over the years. The
port wise percentage of foreign tourist arrivals over the years is given in Table—4.4.
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Table 4.4: Foreign Tourist Arrivals to India Table 4.4: Foreign Tourist Arrivals to India Table 4.4: Foreign Tourist Arrivals to India Table 4.4: Foreign Tourist Arrivals to India throughthroughthroughthrough Major Ports, 199Major Ports, 199Major Ports, 199Major Ports, 1999999----2009200920092009
4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Foreign Tourist Foreign Tourist Foreign Tourist Foreign Tourist AAAArrivalsrrivalsrrivalsrrivals in Indiain Indiain Indiain India by Mode of Transportby Mode of Transportby Mode of Transportby Mode of Transport
The mode of foreign tourist arrivals by mode of transport is given in Table—4.5.
Almost 90 percent of the tourists arrive in India by air and of the remaining, about
one percent arrives by sea and about 9 percent by land.
Table 4.5: Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India According to Mode of Travel, 199Table 4.5: Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India According to Mode of Travel, 199Table 4.5: Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India According to Mode of Travel, 199Table 4.5: Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India According to Mode of Travel, 1999999----2009200920092009
YearYearYearYear ArrivalsArrivalsArrivalsArrivals % Distribution by mode of travel% Distribution by mode of travel% Distribution by mode of travel% Distribution by mode of travel
AirAirAirAir SeaSeaSeaSea LandLandLandLand
1999199919991999 2481928 98.4 0.0 1.6
2000200020002000 2649378 98.5 0.0 1.5
2001200120012001 2537282 87.1 0.9 12.0
2002200220022002 2384364 81.9 0.6 17.5
2003200320032003 2726214 83.1 0.5 16.4
2004200420042004 3457477 85.6 0.5 13.9
2005200520052005 3918610 86.5 0.4 13.1
2006200620062006 4447167 87.1 0.6 12.3
2007200720072007 5081504 88.4 0.6 11.0
2008200820082008 5282603 89.1 0.7 10.2
2009200920092009 5108579 89.8 1.0 9.2
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4.64.64.64.6 Peak and leave seasons of Different Nationalities visiting India.Peak and leave seasons of Different Nationalities visiting India.Peak and leave seasons of Different Nationalities visiting India.Peak and leave seasons of Different Nationalities visiting India.
In the case of USA, Canada, Germany, Australia, Malaysia, China, Singapore and Italy, the
peak month of visit in India is December. In the case of tourists from UK, the peak month
is February while that of Bangladesh is July. The lean months for most of the countries are
April, May and June. However, in the case of nationals from USA and Bangladesh the lean
months are September and December respectively. Table 4.6 lists the lean and peak months
of different nationalities.
Table 4.6: Lean and Peak Months of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India During 2009 Table 4.6: Lean and Peak Months of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India During 2009 Table 4.6: Lean and Peak Months of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India During 2009 Table 4.6: Lean and Peak Months of Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India During 2009
from Top 15 Countriesfrom Top 15 Countriesfrom Top 15 Countriesfrom Top 15 Countries
5.5 Age5.5 Age5.5 Age5.5 Age----Group Wise Distribution of Foreign TouristsGroup Wise Distribution of Foreign TouristsGroup Wise Distribution of Foreign TouristsGroup Wise Distribution of Foreign Tourists
As per the survey, the largest percentage of foreign tourists was in the age
group 25-34 and it was followed by the age group 35-44. In the case of USA, however the
largest percentage of tourists was in the higher age group of 35-44.
TableTableTableTable----5.3: Percentage Distribution Foreign Tourists by Age Group5.3: Percentage Distribution Foreign Tourists by Age Group5.3: Percentage Distribution Foreign Tourists by Age Group5.3: Percentage Distribution Foreign Tourists by Age Group
Age groupAge groupAge groupAge group U.KU.KU.KU.K FranceFranceFranceFrance GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia OthersOthersOthersOthers TotalTotalTotalTotal
Up to 24Up to 24Up to 24Up to 24 14.5 10.9 12.7 12.5 15.7 11.4 12.5
5.6 Distributio5.6 Distributio5.6 Distributio5.6 Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationn of Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationn of Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationn of Foreign Tourists by Level of Education
Among the foreign tourists visiting Kerala about 82 percent has graduation and above
qualifications. About 9.40 percent are technically qualified. The pattern is almost similar in
respect all the major countries except that in the case of U.K and U.S.A the percentage of
those with qualifications graduation and above are above 90 percent. The percentage
distribution of tourists by educational qualification is given in Table-5.3.
TableTableTableTable----5.4: Percentage Distribution 5.4: Percentage Distribution 5.4: Percentage Distribution 5.4: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationof Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationof Foreign Tourists by Level of Educationof Foreign Tourists by Level of Education
5.75.75.75.7 Distribution of Tourists by OccupaDistribution of Tourists by OccupaDistribution of Tourists by OccupaDistribution of Tourists by Occupationtiontiontion
About one-third of the foreign tourists visiting Kerala are professionals. About 15.4 percent
of them are in services and another 11.3 percent are self-employed. The percentage those
who are only house wives visiting Kerala are merely 2.3 percent. The pattern is similar
among all the major countries except that in the case of USA the percentage of those in
business is higher at 12.1 percent. Percentage of those in business is the least in the case of
Australia. The details are given in Table-5.5.
TaTaTaTableblebleble----5.5: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Occupation5.5: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Occupation5.5: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Occupation5.5: Percentage Distribution of Foreign Tourists by Occupation
5.85.85.85.8 Distribution of Tourists by Source of InformationDistribution of Tourists by Source of InformationDistribution of Tourists by Source of InformationDistribution of Tourists by Source of Information
The most frequently used source of information in the case of foreign tourists visiting
Kerala is the website. The main source of information in the case of 26.6 percent of the
foreign tourists is website. Among countries, website users are the highest in U.K and
U.S.A with 29.3 and 27.9 percentages respectively. Website users are the lowest at 19.2
percent in the case of France. The second major source of information is the Tourist Offices
and Information Centres. While 16.65 percentage of all foreign tourists visiting Kerala uses
Tourist Offices and Information Centres as the main source of information, the percentage
32
is as high as 22.1 in the case of Germany. The third major source of information is general
text books and magazines. The details are given in Table-5.6.
TableTableTableTable----5.6: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Main Source of Information5.6: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Main Source of Information5.6: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Main Source of Information5.6: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Main Source of Information
Source of InformationSource of InformationSource of InformationSource of Information U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A FranceFranceFranceFrance GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany U.KU.KU.KU.K AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia OthersOthersOthersOthers TotalTotalTotalTotal Tourist oTourist oTourist oTourist offices and information ffices and information ffices and information ffices and information centres centres centres centres 17.01 19.78 22.12 18.60 10.71 14.17 16.65
Films and other audio visual media Films and other audio visual media Films and other audio visual media Films and other audio visual media 4.76 5.49 7.52 4.27 1.19 5.17 5.01
General text books and magazines General text books and magazines General text books and magazines General text books and magazines 13.61 21.43 12.39 14.02 16.67 14.74 14.96
Own experience Own experience Own experience Own experience 9.52 7.69 6.64 7.93 4.76 6.44 7.13
Travel agents and tour operators Travel agents and tour operators Travel agents and tour operators Travel agents and tour operators 4.76 3.30 2.21 4.27 2.38 3.65 3.67
5.9 Distribution of Tourists by Type of Travel5.9 Distribution of Tourists by Type of Travel5.9 Distribution of Tourists by Type of Travel5.9 Distribution of Tourists by Type of Travel
About 84.2 percent of the tourists visiting Kerala are free independent travellers while
about 15.8 percent are package tourists. Among the countries, package tourists are the
highest from Germany and France. The details are given in Table-5.7.
TableTableTableTable----5.7: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Type of Tour5.7: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Type of Tour5.7: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Type of Tour5.7: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Type of Tour
5.10 Distribution of Tourists by Number of Visits5.10 Distribution of Tourists by Number of Visits5.10 Distribution of Tourists by Number of Visits5.10 Distribution of Tourists by Number of Visits
As high as 83.4 percent of the foreign tourists visiting Kerala are first time visitors. The
percentages of first time visitors do not vary much across the countries. The lowest
percentage of first time visitors is 80.3 percent from USA followed by Germany and UK
with 81.7 percent each. The second time visitors constitute about 10.6 percent. The highest
percentage of second time visitors is 16.85 percent from Australia. The details are given in
Table-5.8.
TableTableTableTable----5.8: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Number of Tourists5.8: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Number of Tourists5.8: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Number of Tourists5.8: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Number of Tourists
No.No.No.No. of of of of VisitsVisitsVisitsVisits U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A FranceFranceFranceFrance GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany U.KU.KU.KU.K AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia OthersOthersOthersOthers TotalTotalTotalTotal
5.11 Distribution of Tourists by Mod5.11 Distribution of Tourists by Mod5.11 Distribution of Tourists by Mod5.11 Distribution of Tourists by Mode of Transport to Indiae of Transport to Indiae of Transport to Indiae of Transport to India
About 97.8 percent of the foreign tourists visiting Kerala arrive in India by
Scheduled flights. While in the case of France and Germany, the percentages of those
arriving by Scheduled flights are 99.5 percent and 99.1 percent respectively, it is 96.5
percent in the case of Australians. In the case of those from USA, 0.7 percent of the tourists
noted that they arrived in India by Train. They may be multi country visitors and may have
entered India from Pakistan or Bangladesh. The details are given in Table-5.9.
TableTableTableTable----5.9: Distribution of Tourists by Mode of Transport to India5.9: Distribution of Tourists by Mode of Transport to India5.9: Distribution of Tourists by Mode of Transport to India5.9: Distribution of Tourists by Mode of Transport to India
Mode of TransportMode of TransportMode of TransportMode of Transport U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A FranceFranceFranceFrance GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany U.KU.KU.KU.K AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia OthersOthersOthersOthers TotalTotalTotalTotal
5.12 5.12 5.12 5.12 Distribution of Tourists by Purpose of VisitDistribution of Tourists by Purpose of VisitDistribution of Tourists by Purpose of VisitDistribution of Tourists by Purpose of Visit
The purpose of visit of 85.4 percent of the tourists visiting Kerala is leisure, recreation and
holiday. It varied between 89.7 percent in the case of Australia to 84.1 percent in the case of
Germans. It is interesting that 8.4 percent of the Germans visit Kerala for health while the
over all average health tourists is 5.5 percent. About 3.5 percent of the foreign tourists also
visit Kerala for the purpose of education and research. It varies between 5.9 percent in the
case of UK tourists to about 2.0 percent in the case of others. The details are given in Table-
5.10.
TableTableTableTable----5.10: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Purpose of Visit5.10: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Purpose of Visit5.10: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Purpose of Visit5.10: Percentage Distribution of Tourists by Purpose of Visit
Purpose of VisitPurpose of VisitPurpose of VisitPurpose of Visit U.S.AU.S.AU.S.AU.S.A FranceFranceFranceFrance GermanyGermanyGermanyGermany U.KU.KU.KU.K AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaAustralia OthersOthersOthersOthers TotalTotalTotalTotal
Health Health Health Health 2.04 4.84 8.41 4.45 5.75 6.25 5.51
Education, research & Education, research & Education, research & Education, research & trainingtrainingtrainingtraining 4.08 3.76 3.98 5.93 3.45 1.95 3.54
Survey of Domestic Tourists from Outside KeralaSurvey of Domestic Tourists from Outside KeralaSurvey of Domestic Tourists from Outside KeralaSurvey of Domestic Tourists from Outside Kerala
The profiles of domestic tourists visiting Kerala from outside the State could be captured
through the survey. The details thus obtained are given in the paragraphs below:
5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 State of Origin of Domestic TouristsState of Origin of Domestic TouristsState of Origin of Domestic TouristsState of Origin of Domestic Tourists
Domestic tourists visiting Kerala from outside the State are primarily from the States of
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and West Bengal. While the
neighboring three states account for about 62 percent of the domestic tourists, Maharashtra
and West Bengal taken together account for about 13.5 percent. The percentage
distribution of non-Kerala domestic tourists is given in Table-6,1.
Table 5.13: Percentage Distribution of Domestic TourTable 5.13: Percentage Distribution of Domestic TourTable 5.13: Percentage Distribution of Domestic TourTable 5.13: Percentage Distribution of Domestic Tourists from Outside Kerala by State of ists from Outside Kerala by State of ists from Outside Kerala by State of ists from Outside Kerala by State of
5.17 Distribution of Non5.17 Distribution of Non5.17 Distribution of Non5.17 Distribution of Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists by Age and SexKerala Domestic Tourists by Age and SexKerala Domestic Tourists by Age and SexKerala Domestic Tourists by Age and Sex
The domestic tourists from other states were mostly in age groups of 15-44. While
the share of the age group 25-34 was 45 percent, the next lower age group of 15-24
accounted for 24.8 percent of the tourists. The share of the age group 35-44 was 19.3
percent. These three age groups taken together accounted for 89.1 percent of the
Non-Kerala domestic tourists. The percentage share of women in the total Non-
Kerala tourists is only 16.2 percent. Again most of them were in the age groups 25-
34 and 15-24. The details are given in Table-5.14.
Table 5.14: Percentage Distribution of Domestic Tourists (NonTable 5.14: Percentage Distribution of Domestic Tourists (NonTable 5.14: Percentage Distribution of Domestic Tourists (NonTable 5.14: Percentage Distribution of Domestic Tourists (Non----Kerala) by Age and SexKerala) by Age and SexKerala) by Age and SexKerala) by Age and Sex
5.18: Educational Profile of Non5.18: Educational Profile of Non5.18: Educational Profile of Non5.18: Educational Profile of Non----Kerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic Tourists
Among the total non-Kerala domestic tourists, about 63.6 percent was well educated
with graduate and above qualifications. While graduates constituted 38.8 percent,
about 21.8 percent was post-graduates. Among the females, 42.1 percent was
graduates and 23.6 percent was post graduates. The details are given in Table-5.15.
Table 5.15: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.15: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.15: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.15: Percentage Distribution of Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists by EducationKerala Domestic Tourists by EducationKerala Domestic Tourists by EducationKerala Domestic Tourists by Education
5.19 Occupational Profile o5.19 Occupational Profile o5.19 Occupational Profile o5.19 Occupational Profile of Nonf Nonf Nonf Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists Kerala Domestic Tourists Kerala Domestic Tourists Kerala Domestic Tourists
Professionals constitute about 24.3 percent of the total non-Kerala domestic tourists. Even
among the females 21.2 percent was professionals. Those employed in services constituted
the next largest share of 17.8 percent. However, among the women tourists those employed
in services was only 10.4 percent. About 35.9 percent of the women tourists were house
38
wives. A large percentage (22.8%) of women also belonged to the category of students. The
distribution of non-Kerala tourists by occupation is given in Table-5.16.
Table 5.16: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.16: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.16: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.16: Percentage Distribution of Non---- Kerala Domestic Tourists by OccupationKerala Domestic Tourists by OccupationKerala Domestic Tourists by OccupationKerala Domestic Tourists by Occupation
5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 Source of Information of NonSource of Information of NonSource of Information of NonSource of Information of Non----Kerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic Tourists
The main sources of information about tourism in Kerala were friends and relatives
(41.7%), and own experience (13.5%) among non-Kerala domestic tourists. The other major
sources were text books and magazines (9.9%), website (7.9%), tourist literature (6.6%) and
travel agents and tour operators (5.9%). The details are given in Table-5.18.
Table 5.17: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.17: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.17: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.17: Percentage Distribution of Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists by Source of Kerala Domestic Tourists by Source of Kerala Domestic Tourists by Source of Kerala Domestic Tourists by Source of
InformationInformationInformationInformation
Source of InformationSource of InformationSource of InformationSource of Information PercentagePercentagePercentagePercentage
Tourist Offices 4.5
39
Airlines 1.0
Accommodation Establishments 1.3
Films& audio visual media 4.9
Text books & magazines 9.9
Own experience 13.5
Websites 7.9
Travel Agents & Tour operators 5.9
Tourist literature 6.6
Print & television ads 2.7
Friends & relatives 41.7
TotalTotalTotalTotal 100100100100
5.21 Preference of Mode of Travel in Kerala5.21 Preference of Mode of Travel in Kerala5.21 Preference of Mode of Travel in Kerala5.21 Preference of Mode of Travel in Kerala
The first preference of mode travel in Kerala for 28.6 percent of the domestic tourists is
private motor and for another 27.7 percent it is rented vehicles. However, 19.8 percent
expressed first preference for railway and another 16.4 percent for public road transport.
The details are given in Table-5.18.
Table 5.18: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.18: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.18: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.18: Percentage Distribution of Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists by Preference of Mode Kerala Domestic Tourists by Preference of Mode Kerala Domestic Tourists by Preference of Mode Kerala Domestic Tourists by Preference of Mode
of Travel in Keralaof Travel in Keralaof Travel in Keralaof Travel in Kerala
Order of Order of Order of Order of PreferencePreferencePreferencePreference
RailwayRailwayRailwayRailway Public Road Public Road Public Road Public Road TransportTransportTransportTransport
5.22 Place of First Arrival in Kerala5.22 Place of First Arrival in Kerala5.22 Place of First Arrival in Kerala5.22 Place of First Arrival in Kerala
The places of first arrival of more than half of non-Kerala domestic tourists were
Ernakulam (32.9%) and Thiruvananthapuram (23.3%). The major places of first arrival
40
were Palakkad (9.5%), Kumili (7.1%),
Kozhikode (3.7%) and Munnar (2.4%). The
details are given in Table-5.19.
Table 5.19: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.19: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.19: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.19: Percentage Distribution of Non----
Kerala Domestic Tourists by Place of First Kerala Domestic Tourists by Place of First Kerala Domestic Tourists by Place of First Kerala Domestic Tourists by Place of First
Arrival in KeralaArrival in KeralaArrival in KeralaArrival in Kerala
5.23 Number of Visits of Non5.23 Number of Visits of Non5.23 Number of Visits of Non5.23 Number of Visits of Non----Kerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic TouristsKerala Domestic Tourists
About 64.3 percent of the non-Kerala domestic tourists were first time visitors while 23.8
percent had visited Kerala once earlier. Also about 5.2 percent had visited twice earlier.
There were also 2.7 percent of the tourists who had visited Kerala more than five times.
The details are given in Table-5.20
Table 5.20: PerTable 5.20: PerTable 5.20: PerTable 5.20: Percentage Distribution of Noncentage Distribution of Noncentage Distribution of Noncentage Distribution of Non----Kerala Domestic Tourists by Number of VisitsKerala Domestic Tourists by Number of VisitsKerala Domestic Tourists by Number of VisitsKerala Domestic Tourists by Number of Visits
5.24 Purpose of Visit 5.24 Purpose of Visit 5.24 Purpose of Visit 5.24 Purpose of Visit
The purpose of visit of 63.7 percent of the non-Kerala domestic tourists was leisure,
recreation and holiday while that of 11.7 percent was visiting friends and relatives. These
two categories taken together accounted for more than three-quarters of the domestic
tourists. About 7.8 percent of the tourists visited Kerala for business purposes while 6.1
percent visited for education, research and training. The distribution of tourists by purpose
of visit is given in Table-5.21.
Table 5.21: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.21: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.21: Percentage Distribution of NonTable 5.21: Percentage Distribution of Non----Kerala DomesticKerala DomesticKerala DomesticKerala Domestic Tourists by Purpose of VisitTourists by Purpose of VisitTourists by Purpose of VisitTourists by Purpose of Visit
Other placesOther placesOther placesOther places 16.4
TotalTotalTotalTotal 100
Number of VisitsNumber of VisitsNumber of VisitsNumber of Visits PercentagePercentagePercentagePercentage
First TimeFirst TimeFirst TimeFirst Time 64.3
2nd times2nd times2nd times2nd times 23.8
3rd times3rd times3rd times3rd times 5.2
4th times4th times4th times4th times 2.4
5th times5th times5th times5th times 1.6
More than 5 timesMore than 5 timesMore than 5 timesMore than 5 times 2.7
41
Purpose of visitPurpose of visitPurpose of visitPurpose of visit PercentagePercentagePercentagePercentage
Leisure, recreation & holidayLeisure, recreation & holidayLeisure, recreation & holidayLeisure, recreation & holiday 63.7 Visiting friends & relativesVisiting friends & relativesVisiting friends & relativesVisiting friends & relatives 11.7 Business & professionalBusiness & professionalBusiness & professionalBusiness & professional 7.8 Health tourHealth tourHealth tourHealth tour 3.4 Education, research & trainingEducation, research & trainingEducation, research & trainingEducation, research & training 6.1 OthersOthersOthersOthers 7.3 TotalTotalTotalTotal 100.00
Survey of DomeSurvey of DomeSurvey of DomeSurvey of Domestic Tourist of Keralastic Tourist of Keralastic Tourist of Keralastic Tourist of Kerala
A separate schedule was used for the survey of domestic tourists from Kerala. The results
of the survey are given in the following paragraphs:
5.26 District of Stay of Kerala Tourists5.26 District of Stay of Kerala Tourists5.26 District of Stay of Kerala Tourists5.26 District of Stay of Kerala Tourists
The distribution of Kerala tourists by place of residence shows that Ernakulam, Thrissur
and Alappuzha are the top tourist generating districts. The percentage shares of these
districts are 13.83, 13.22 and 12.38 respectively. Wayanad stands at the lowest with a
share of 2.19%. Among the female tourists Ernakulam and Alappuzha dominates with
shares of 18.15 percent and 14.72 percent respectively. The detailed distribution is given in
Table-5.23.
Table 5.23: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by District of ResidenceTable 5.23: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by District of ResidenceTable 5.23: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by District of ResidenceTable 5.23: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by District of Residence
District of ResidenceDistrict of ResidenceDistrict of ResidenceDistrict of Residence MaleMaleMaleMale FemFemFemFemalealealeale TotalTotalTotalTotal
5.27: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and Sex5.27: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and Sex5.27: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and Sex5.27: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and Sex
The age sex composition of Kerala tourists is not very different from non-Kerala domestic
tourists. While 41.8 percent belonged to the age group 25-34, about 31.6 percent belonged to
the age group 15-24. Among the female tourists 36.6 percent was in the age group of 15-24
while 35.7 percent was in the age group of 25-34. The age sex distribution of Kerala tourists
is given in Table-5.24.
Table 5.24: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and SexTable 5.24: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and SexTable 5.24: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and SexTable 5.24: Distribution of Kerala Tourists by Age and Sex
35353535----44 years44 years44 years44 years 15.73 16.72 15.97
45454545----54 years54 years54 years54 years 9.30 10.38 9.56
55555555----64 years64 years64 years64 years 1.11 0.37 0.93
65 years and above65 years and above65 years and above65 years and above 0.17 0.00 0.13
TotalTotalTotalTotal 100 100 100
5.28 Educational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.28 Educational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.28 Educational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.28 Educational Profile of Kerala Tourists
About 56.8 percent of the Kerala tourists are graduate and above while 16.9 percent is
educated up to secondary level. There were also 4.1 percent with no formal education and
12.5 percent matriculates. The details are given in Table-5.25.
Table 5.25: Percentage distribution of Kerala Tourists by Table 5.25: Percentage distribution of Kerala Tourists by Table 5.25: Percentage distribution of Kerala Tourists by Table 5.25: Percentage distribution of Kerala Tourists by EEEEducational Statusducational Statusducational Statusducational Status
Educational StatusEducational StatusEducational StatusEducational Status PercentPercentPercentPercent
No formal educationNo formal educationNo formal educationNo formal education 4.11
5.29 Occupational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.29 Occupational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.29 Occupational Profile of Kerala Tourists5.29 Occupational Profile of Kerala Tourists
The occupation – wise analysis of Kerala tourists reveals that 19% of the total tourists are
professionals while 18.2% belongs to service category, 14.1% belongs to self employed
category. However, students dominated with a share of 20.1%. The details are given in
Table-5.26.
Table 5.26: Occupational Distribution of Kerala TouristsTable 5.26: Occupational Distribution of Kerala TouristsTable 5.26: Occupational Distribution of Kerala TouristsTable 5.26: Occupational Distribution of Kerala Tourists
Occupation TypeOccupation TypeOccupation TypeOccupation Type PercentPercentPercentPercent
5.30 Preference of Mode o5.30 Preference of Mode o5.30 Preference of Mode o5.30 Preference of Mode of Travel of Kerala Touristsf Travel of Kerala Touristsf Travel of Kerala Touristsf Travel of Kerala Tourists
About 30.3 percent of the Kerala tourists preferred to travel by train within Kerala. Yet
another 17.6 percent preferred public road transport. However, the preference of about 24.8
percent was rented vehicle and for another 15.6 percent, it was own vehicle. About 10.9
percent preferred private motor coach or bus. The distribution of Kerala tourists by
preferred mode of travel is given in Table-5.27.
Table 5.27: Preference of Mode of Travel within KeralaTable 5.27: Preference of Mode of Travel within KeralaTable 5.27: Preference of Mode of Travel within KeralaTable 5.27: Preference of Mode of Travel within Kerala
Own VehicleOwn VehicleOwn VehicleOwn Vehicle 15.57
OthersOthersOthersOthers 0.24
TotalTotalTotalTotal 100.00
5.31 Purpose of Visit5.31 Purpose of Visit5.31 Purpose of Visit5.31 Purpose of Visit
The purpose of visit of 61.3 percent of the Kerala tourists was leisure, recreation and
holiday. Yet another 14.6 percent travelled for visiting friends and relatives and 9.4 percent
for business and professional. The percentage distribution of Kerala tourists by purpose of
visit is given in Table-5.28.
Table 5.28: Purpose of Visit of Kerala TouristsTable 5.28: Purpose of Visit of Kerala TouristsTable 5.28: Purpose of Visit of Kerala TouristsTable 5.28: Purpose of Visit of Kerala Tourists
Purpose of VisitPurpose of VisitPurpose of VisitPurpose of Visit PercentPercentPercentPercent