Kenya - drought - Trocaire

Trocaire Disaster risk reduction prog: Drought in Kenya

SCR workshop

Trocaire drought programme

A 3 year livelihoods/DRR prog

Approx. 3 million Euros

It has an inbuilt DRR approach

CC mainstreamed

Drought is the main hazard

Why adopt DRR

To address disasters through development

programmes

To combine short, medium and long-term

strategies to deal with disasters

The development context is changing

A world of increasing disaster risk?

Indian Ocean Tsunami

250 000 lives lost Hurricane Katrina

US$200 billion

South Asian Earthquake

3 million homelessFamine in Africa

Millions at-risk

The growing burden ofThe growing burden of

disaster losses in poordisaster losses in poor

countriescountries

Disaster Losses, Total and as Share of GDP, 1985-99

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Richest

Countries

Poorest

Countries

Los

se

s U

S$

Bil

lion

0

5

10

15

20

% G

NP

(n

om

ina

l)

Total

Economic

Losses

Losses as

Share of

GD P

Africa – a complex risk profile

The most important shift in

international emphasis is:

Managing

disaster events

Managing disaster

risks

Primary focus on

preparedness and

relief

Primary focus on

reducing disaster risks

developmentally

From To

Trocaire DRR in the field: the tool kit

• Comprises older ‘used tools’ from disaster management

• Includes ‘newer tools’ from the disaster risk reductionframework

Drought disasters in Kenya

How Trócaire is responding to drought

through DRR

12 major drought events in the last 50yrs

ASALS affected by drought and CC is a

catalyst

Bridging scope of DRR in drought-prone areas

Short-term

Classic

„humanitarian

action‟

Drought

mitigation

Med-long-term

Drought prep. &

response

Developmental

risk reduction

Climate change

adaptation

strategies

Long-term

Sustainable

Development

Aim at strengthening early warning

Improve readiness measures to respond in the

event of a drought.

Ensure human capacity for drought response

Drought preparedness, & response

Drought mitigation

A mitigation approach assumes:

„drought can happen during any season … but

we don‟t know how severe, what extent… or

how long…‟

So… we „introduce drought-proofing’

measures into agriculture, water, financing,

public services… into all drought sensitive

services/programmes as a developmental

priority…

Adaptation to climate change

long-term programming to reduce dependency on rain-fed agriculture in drought-exposed areas.

Creative strategies for improving effectiveness of existing rainwater harvesting mechanisms.

Drought risk reduction can help reduce short-term impacts – but should also aim at building capacity to adapt to expected climate change impacts

Identification of hazards, risks, vulnerabilities and capacity

Using the formulae;

Risk=HazardxVulnerabilityCapacity

& practice of DRR

Taking action to reduce risks through reducing hazards and vulnerability and increasing capacity

Risk=HazardxVulnerability

Capacity

Let‟s looks at 3 Hazards

Malaria, Drought, Floods:

Q. What do we know about the hazard e.g. cause, seasonality, location, impact etc.?

Q. Who is most vulnerable? Why/what makes people most vulnerable?

Q. What can de done to reduce risk?

Q. What can we do as Trocaire?

Planning methodology used

Participatory Risk Analysis (PRA) and

mapping methodology

Combines PRA and use of georeferencing

using GPS technology

Hazard, vulnerability, capacity, disaster and risk reduction

Helmet: Increased capacity

Trap: The hazardRat: Vulnerable

population

Unsafe

conditions to

be avoided

In times of drought,

We protect distress sale of household assets

We utilize food-for-work/Assets to enhance

drought preparedness through enhancing

community productive and protective

capacities

Construction soil & water conservation structures during drought-preparedness

After the rains

Intercropping on terraces

Drought resistant & early maturing varieties- CC adaptation

Cereal seedling transplanting-CCA

Sorghum seed (seedbed stage) during the dry season

Sorghum seedlings transplanted after 35-45 days (Main farm)

at the onset of rains

“Garden in a sack” farming- CCA

After drought we facilitate recovery thus drought mitigation

So we rebuild livelihood assets lost through

drought eg limited restocking

We return households to normalcy or higher

livelihood levels

We supply “seed” livestock

We restock camels: Drought mitigation

We restock goats

Building resilience of livelihood assets

Improve quantity: numbers

Improve quality of produce

Improve marketing

etc

Aim is to ensure the people and their assets can defend themselves and withstand the next drought

Community capacity building

Numbers to resist drought

Breed improvement

We improve access to resources to build people’s resilience

Land – through policy advocacy

Water

Incomes

Nature-based-enterprises

etc

Water: Domestic and livestock

cont

Irrigation- CC adaptation

irrigation

More water harvesting – rock catchments, sand dams

Policy work on CC

UNFCCC Advocacy

National advocacy, e.g. CC Bill

Shukrani