CCNA Discovery Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP Lab 1.2.3 Mapping ISP Connectivity Using Traceroute Objectives Run the Windows tracert utility from a local host computer to a website on a different continent. Interpret the traceroute output to determine which ISPs the packets passed through on their way from the local host to the destination website. Draw a diagram of the traceroute path, showing the routers and ISP clouds passed through from the local host to the destination website, including IP addresses for each device. Background / Preparation In this activity, you will use the Windows tracert utility to map Internet connectivity between your local ISP and the other ISPs that it uses to provide global Internet access. You will also map connectivity to the following major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). However, your instructor may choose different destination websites. AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre) – Africa Region APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) – Asia/Pacific Region ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) – North America Region LACNIC (Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) – Latin America and some Caribbean Islands RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens) – Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams. It can be done as an in-class activity or as a homework assignment, depending on whether the classroom computers have access to the Internet. The following resources are required: Host computer with the Windows operating system Access to the command prompt Internet connection All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 1 of 21
Kenneth Patten DIS2 Lab 1.2.3.3 Map-IsP-Trace-Student
Oct 26, 2014
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CCNA Discovery
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP
Lab 1.2.3 Mapping ISP Connectivity Using Traceroute
Objectives
Run the Windows tracert utility from a local host computer to a website on a different continent.
Interpret the traceroute output to determine which ISPs the packets passed through on their way from the local host to the destination website.
Draw a diagram of the traceroute path, showing the routers and ISP clouds passed through from the local host to the destination website, including IP addresses for each device.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will use the Windows tracert utility to map Internet connectivity between your local ISP and the other ISPs that it uses to provide global Internet access. You will also map connectivity to the following major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). However, your instructor may choose different destination websites.
AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre) – Africa Region
APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) – Asia/Pacific Region
ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) – North America Region
LACNIC (Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) – Latin America and some Caribbean Islands
RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens) – Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia
This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams. It can be done as an in-class activity or as a homework assignment, depending on whether the classroom computers have access to the Internet.
The following resources are required:
Host computer with the Windows operating system
Access to the command prompt
Internet connection
Routes Traced worksheet for each destination URL. The worksheet is attached to this lab. Each student completes their own worksheets and gives them to the instructor.
Global Connectivity Map, which is attached at the end of this lab
Access to the PC command prompt
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 1 of 17
Step 1: Run the tracert utility from a host computer
a. Verify that the host computer has a connection to the Internet.
b. Open a Command Prompt window by clicking Start > Run and typing cmd. alternatively, you may click Start > All programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
c. At the prompt, type tracert and your first destination website. The output should look similar to the following:
Save the tracert output in a text file as follows:
1) Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window and choose Edit > Select All.
2) Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window again and choose Edit > Copy.
3) Open the Windows Notepad program: Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad.
4) To paste the output into Notepad, choose Edit > Paste.
5) Choose File > Save As and save the Notepad file to your desktop as tracert1.txt.
d. Run tracert for each destination website and save the output in sequentially numbered files.
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 2 of 17
e. Run tracert from a different computer network, for example, from the public library or from a friend’s computer that accesses the Internet using a different ISP (for instance, cable instead of DSL). Save a copy of that output in Notepad and print it out for later reference
Step 2: Interpret tracert outputs to determine ISP connectivity
Routes traced may go through many hops and a number of different ISPs depending on the size of your ISP and the location of the source and destination hosts. In the example output shown below, the tracert packets travel from the source PC to the local router default gateway to the ISPs Point of Presence (POP) router and then to an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). From there they pass through two Tier 2 ISP routers and then though several Tier 1 ISP routers as they move across the Internet backbone. When they leave the Tier 1 ISPs backbone, they move through another Tier 2 ISP on the way to the destination server at www.ripe.net.
Local router
Source Tier 2 ISP network
IXP
Destination Tier 2 ISP network
Tier 1 ISP network
Destination Web Server
POP router
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 3 of 17
a. Open the first traceroute output file and answer the following questions.
1) What is the IP address of your local POP router?
66.153.196.240
2) How many hops did the traceroute packet take on its journey from the host computer to the destination?
17
3) How many different ISPs did the traceroute packet pass through on its journey from the host computer to the destination?
8
4) List the IP addresses and URLs of all the devices in the traceroute output in the order that they appear on the Routes Traced worksheet.
5) In the Network Owner column of the worksheet, identify which ISP owns each router. If the router belongs to your LAN, write “LAN”. The last two parts of the URL indicates the ISP name. For example, a router that has “sprint.net” in its URL belongs to the network of an ISP called Sprint.
6) Did the traceroute pass through an unidentified router between two ISPs? This might be an IXP. Run the whois command utility or whois function of a visual traceroute program to identify ownership of that router. Alternatively, go to http://www.arin.net/whois to determine to whom the IP is assigned.
b. Complete the worksheet using the traceroute output file for each of the other destination URLs.
c. Compare your results from the different traceroute output files. Did your ISP connect to different ISPs to reach different destinations?__________________________________________________________________________
d. If you ran a traceroute from a different computer network, check the output for that traceroute file as well. Was the number of hops different to reach the same destination from different local ISPs? Which ISP was able to reach the destination in fewer hops?__________________________________________________________________________
Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP
e. For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows:
1) Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.
2) Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”.
3) Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.
4) Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”.
f. Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes.
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 4 of 17
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Destination URL: http://www.afrinic.net/ Total Number of Hops: _18__________________
Router IP Address
Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
66.153.207.66 66.207-core01-et.8.2-mi.sccoast.net LAN
66.153.207.98 98.207-core02-gi.16.1.sccoast.net LAN
4.71.124.85 te-4-4.car1.Charlotte1.Level3.net Charlotte
4.69.132.162 ae-4-4.ebr1.Atlanta2.Level3.net Atlanta
4.69.148.106 ae-6-6.ebr1.Washington12.Level3.net
Washington
4.69.143.214 ae-1-100.ebr2.Washington12.Level3.net
Washington
4.69.148.49 IXP (LVLT-ORG-4-8) Level 3 Communications, Inc. (CO)
4.69.137.65 ae-41-41.ebr2.London1.Level3.net London
4.69.153.142 ae-59-224.csw2.London1.Level3.net
London
195.50.124.34 IXP RIPE-CBLK3 (Amsterdan)
4.69.139.105 ae-2-52.edge3.London1.Level3.net London
168.209.201.82 (AFRINIC-168-209-0-0)core2b-pkl-tenge-0-7-0-0-126.ip.isnet.net
AFRINIC
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 5 of 17
Router IP Address
Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
196.26.0.101 csw4-pkl-gi1-1.ip.isnet.net NET196- AFRINIC.net
196.37.155.180 NET196- AFRINIC.net
196.216.3.132 fa1-0-1.ar02.jnb.afrinic.net afrinic.net
Global Connectivity Map
1) 66.153.196.240 – POP (SC)
2) 66.153.207.66 - SC
3) 66.153.207.98 - SC
4) 4.71.124.85 - NC
5) 4.69.132.162 - ATL
6) 4.69.148.106 - DC
7) 4.69.143.214 – DC
8) 4.69.148.49 – CO (IXP)
9) 4.69.137.65 - London
10) 4.69.153.142 - London
11) 195.50.124.34 – Amsterdam – (IXP)
12) 4.69.139.105 - London
13) 168.209.201.82 – MU
14) 196.26.0.101– MU
15) 196.37.155.180 – IXP
16) 196.216.3.132 - Destination
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 6 of 17
Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP
a. For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows:
1) Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.
2) Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”.
3) Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.
4) Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”.
b. Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes.
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 7 of 17
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Destination URL: http://www.apnic.net_ Total Number of Hops: 18_____________________________
Router IP Address Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
66.153.207.66 66.207-core01-et.8.2-mi.sccoast.net LAN
66.153.207.98 98.207-core02-gi.16.1.sccoast.net LAN
4.71.124.85 te-4-4.car1.Charlotte1.Level3.net Charlotte
4.69.132.162 ae-4-4.ebr1.Atlanta2.Level3.net Atlanta
4.69.148.241 ae-63-63.ebr3.Atlanta2.Level3.net Atlanta
4.69.134.21 ae-7-7.ebr3.Dallas1.Level3.net Dallas
4.69.132.77 ae-3-3.ebr2.LosAngeles1.Level3.net Los Angeles
4.69.148.202 ae-6-6.ebr2.SanJose5.Level3.net San Jose
4.69.148.142 ae-2-2.ebr2.SanJose1.Level3.net San Jose
4.69.153.26 ae-82-82.csw3.SanJose1.Level3.net San Jose
4.69.152.139 ae-41-80.car1.SanJose2.Level3.net San Jose
4.59.0.230 TIME-WARNER.car1.SanJose2.Level3.net
San Jose
66.192.244.74 pdx1-ar4-xe-0-1-0-0.us.twtelecom.net Tw telecom - CO
203.29.135.33 syd-sot-ken-crt1-ge-3-1-0.tpgi.com.au APNIC-203 - Brisbane-AU
202.7.162.246 202-7-162-246.tpgi.com.au-NET-202-0-0-0-1
APNIC-203- Brisbane-AU
203.194.59.159 159.59.194.203.static.comindico.com.au comindico- Brisbane-AU
203.194.59.159 159.59.194.203.static.comindico.com.au comindico- Brisbane-AU
202.12.29.211 matrix-proxy1.apnic.net APNIC-- Brisbane-AU
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 8 of 17
Global Connectivity Map1) 66.153.196.240 – POP (SC)
2) 66.153.207.66 -SC
3) 66.153.207.98 -SC
4) 4.71.124.85 – NC
5) 4.69.132.162 -ATL
6) 4.69.148.241 - ATL
7) 4.69.134.21 - DALLAS
8) 4.69.132.77 –Los Angeles
9) 4.69.148.202 –San Jose
10) 4.69.148.142 –San Jose
11) 4.69.153.26 –San Jose
12) 4.69.152.139 –San Jose
13) 4.59.0.230 –San Jose
14) 66.192.244.74 -CO
15) 203.29.135.33 –Brisbane-AU
16) 202.7.162.246 - Brisbane-AU
17) 203.194.59.159 - Brisbane-AU
18) 203.194.59.159 - Brisbane-AU
19) 202.12.29.211 - Brisbane-AU
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 9 of 17
Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP
c. For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows:
1) Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.
2) Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”.
3) Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.
4) Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”.
d. Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes.
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 10 of 17
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Destination URL: https://www.arin.net Total Number of Hops: 13_______________________________________
Router IP Address Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
66.153.207.66 66.207-core01-et.8.2-mi.sccoast.net
66.153.207.98 98.207-core02-gi.16.1.sccoast.net
4.71.124.85 te-4-4.car1.Charlotte1.Level3.net
4.69.132.162 ae-4-4.ebr1.Atlanta2.Level3.net
4.69.148.241 ae-63-63.ebr3.Atlanta2.Level3.net
4.69.132.86 ae-2-2.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.net
4.69.134.130 ae-61-61.csw1.Washington1.Level3.net
4.69.149.16 ae-1-60.edge2.Washington4.Level3.net
4.53.114.94 COX-COMMUNI.edge2.Washington4.Level3.net COX-COMMUNI.edge2.Washington4.Level3.net
68.1.1.5 mrfddsrj01-ae0.0.rd.dc.cox.net
98.172.152.14 wsip-98-172-152-14.dc.dc.cox.net
192.149.252.131 host-252-131.arin.net
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 11 of 17
Global Connectivity Map
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Destination URL: www.lacnic.net Total Number of Hops: 22____________________________
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 12 of 17
Router IP Address Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
66.153.207.66 66.207-core01-et.8.2-mi.sccoast.net
66.153.207.98 98.207-core02-gi.16.1.sccoast.net
4.71.124.85 te-4-4.car1.Charlotte1.Level3.net
4.69.132.162 ae-4-4.ebr1.Atlanta2.Level3.net
4.69.148.106 ae-6-6.ebr1.Washington12.Level3.net
4.69.143.214 ae-1-100.ebr2.Washington12.Level3.net
4.69.148.49 IXP
4.69.137.69 ae-42-42.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
4.69.153.138 ae-58-223.csw2.London1.Level3.net
4.69.139.106 ae-2-52.edge4.London1.Level3.net
212.187.160.226 TELEFONICA.edge4.London1.Level3.net TELEFONICA.edge4.London1.Level3.net
94.142.126.61 Xe-2-0-1-0-grtnycpt2.red.telefonica-wholesale.net
94.142.122.210 Xe2-0-0-0-grtmiabr3.red.telefonica-wholesale.net
94.142.123.90 Xe2-1-0-0-grtsaosi3.red.telefonica-wholesale.net
94.142.118.86 Xe3-0-2-0-grtsaosi2.red.telefonica-wholesale.net
201.48.46.34 xe-1-2-0-0.core-b.spo511.ctbc.com.br
201.48.44.93 xe-0-1-0-0.edge-c.spo511.ctbc.com.br
201.48.44.93 xe-0-1-0-0.edge-c.spo511.ctbc.com.br
200.160.0.166 xe-5-0-1-0.core1.nu.registro.br
200.160.0.249 ae0-0.ar3.nu.registro.br ae0-0.ar3.nu.registro.br
200.160.0.249 ae0-0.ar3.nu.registro.br ae0-0.ar3.nu.registro.br
200.160.0.212 gw01.lacnic.registro.br gw01.lacnic.registro.br
200.3.14.10 www.lacnic.net
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 13 of 17
Global Connectivity Map
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Destination URL: http://www.ripe.net Total Number of Hops: 12_________________
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 14 of 17
Router IP Address Router URL (if any)
Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
66.153.207.66 66.207-core01-et.8.2-mi.sccoast.net
66.153.207.98 98.207-core02-gi.16.1.sccoast.net
4.71.124.85 te-4-4.car1.Charlotte1.Level3.net
4.69.132.162 ae-4-4.ebr1.Atlanta2.Level3.net
4.69.148.106 ae-6-6.ebr1.Washington12.Level3.net
4.69.143.214 ae-1-100.ebr2.Washington12.Level3.net
4.69.148.49 IXP
4.69.137.65 ae-41-41.ebr2.London1.Level3.net
4.69.143.77 ae-47-47.ebr2.Amsterdam1.Level3.net
4.69.153.214 ae-59-224.csw2.Amsterdam1.Level3.net
ae-29- 4.69.139.178 52.sar1.Amsterdam1.Level3.net
195.69.144.68 reports: Destination net unreachable.
gw.amsix.nikrtr.ripe.net
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 15 of 17
Global Connectivity Map
Global Connectivity Map
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 16 of 17
All contents are Copyright © 1992–2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 17 of 17
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