Speakers of the Lok Sabha 1. G.V. Mavlankar M.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956 2. M. A. Ayyangar March 8, 1956 to April 16, 1962 3. Sardar Hukam Singh April 17, 1962 to March 16, 1967 4. N. Sanjiva Reddy March 17, 1967 to July 19, 1969 5. G.S. Dhillon August 8, 1969 to December 1, 1975 6. Bali Ram Bhagat January 15, 1976 to March 25, 1977 7. N. Sanjiva Reddy, March 26, 1977 to July 13, 1977 8. K.S. Hegde July 21, 1977 to January 21, 1980 9. Balram Jakhar January 22, 1980 to December 18, 1989 10 . Rabi Ray December 19, 1989 to July 9, 1991 11 . Shivraj Patil July 10, 1991 to May 22, 1996 12 . P.A. Sangma May 25, 1996 to March 23, 1998 13 . G.M.C. Balayogi March 24, 1998 to March 3, 2002 14 . Manohar Joshi May 10, 2002 to June 2, 2004 15 . Somnath Chatterjee 4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009 16 . Smt. Meira Kumar 3 June, 2009 – Till date
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kend · Web viewSpeakers of the Lok Sabha 1. G.V. Mavlankar M.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956 2. M. A. Ayyangar March 8, 1956 to April 16, 1962 3. Sardar
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Speakers of the Lok Sabha
1. G.V. MavlankarM.Ananthasayanam Ayyangar
May 15, 1952 to February 27, 1956
2. M. A. Ayyangar March 8, 1956 to April 16, 19623. Sardar Hukam Singh April 17, 1962 to March 16, 19674. N. Sanjiva Reddy March 17, 1967 to July 19, 19695. G.S. Dhillon August 8, 1969 to December 1, 19756. Bali Ram Bhagat January 15, 1976 to March 25, 19777. N. Sanjiva Reddy, March 26, 1977 to July 13, 19778. K.S. Hegde July 21, 1977 to January 21, 19809. Balram Jakhar January 22, 1980 to December 18, 198910.Rabi Ray December 19, 1989 to July 9, 199111.Shivraj Patil July 10, 1991 to May 22, 199612.P.A. Sangma May 25, 1996 to March 23, 199813.G.M.C. Balayogi March 24, 1998 to March 3, 200214.Manohar Joshi May 10, 2002 to June 2, 200415.Somnath Chatterjee 4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 200916.Smt. Meira Kumar 3 June, 2009 – Till date
Asian Games
Year Games Host Dates Nations Athletes Sports Events
1951 I New Delhi, India March 4–11 11 489 6 57
1954 II Manila, Philippines May 1–9 19 970 8 76
1958 III Tokyo, Japan May 28 – June 1 16 1,820 13 97
1962 IV Jakarta, Indonesia August 24 – September 4 12 1,460 13 88
1966 V Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 16 1,945 14 143
1970 VI Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 16 2,400 13 135
1974 VII Tehran, Iran September 1–16 19 3,010 16 202
1978 VIII Bangkok, Thailand December 9–20 19 3,842 19 201
1982 IX New Delhi, India November 19 – December 4 23 3,411 21 147
1986 X Seoul, South Korea September 20 – October 5 27 4,839 25 270
1990 XI Beijing, China September 22 – October 7 36 6,122 29 310
1994 XII Hiroshima, Japan October 2–16 42 6,828 34 337
1998 XIII Bangkok, Thailand December 6–20 41 6,554 36 376
2002 XIV Busan, South Korea September 29 – October 14 44 7,711 38 419
2006 XV Doha, Qatar December 1–15 45 9,520 39 424
2010 XVI Guangzhou, China November 12–27 45 9,704 42 476
2014 XVII Incheon, South Korea September 19 – October 4 Future event
White Book Official publications of Germany, China and Portugal
White Paper Short pamphlet giving authoritative recital of facts issued by the Indian government stating its views on a particular issue for the knowledge of general public
Yellow Book Official publications of France
Important Lines and Boundaries
Durand Line is the line drmarcating the boundaries of India and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand.
Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I
Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State.
Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General Mannerheim.
Macmahon Line was drawn up by Sir Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India and China. China did not recognize the MacMahon line and crossed it in 1962.
Medicine Line is the border between Canada and the United States.
Order-Neisse Line is the border between Poland and Germany, running along the Order and Neisse rivers, adopted at the Poland Conference (Aug 1945) after World War II.
Radcliffe Line was drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcating the boudary between India and Pakistan. Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before two were united.
24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India
26th Parallel south is a circle of latitude which crosses through Africa, Australia and South America.
30th Parallel north is a line of latitude that stands one-third of the way between the equator and the North Pole.
33rd Parallel north is a circle of latitude which cuts through the southern United States, parts of North Africa, parts of the Middle East, and China.
35th Parallel north forms the boundary between the State of North Carolina and the State of Georgia and the boundary between the State of Tennessee arid the State of Georgia, the State of Albama, and the State of Mississippi.
36th Parallel forms the southermost boundary of the State of Missouri with the State of Arkansas.
36o30' Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tenessee and the Commonwealth of Kentucky between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missouri and Arkansas west of the White River, and the northermost boundary between the Texas and the Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of Earth's equatorial plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41st Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylvania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 44o north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The 45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
First Men in India
The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)
First Female in IndiaThe first lady to become Miss World Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot Durba Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly Mrs Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashpurna Devi
I
Indian Fairs and Festivals
January 1. Maker Sankranti2. Lohri3. Pongal4. Thai Pusam5. Flot Festivals6. National Kite Festival7. Kerela Village Fair8. Bikaner Festival9. Pattadakal Dance Festival
Cricket World Cup Winners Listyear winner Runner-up
2011 India Sri Lanka2007 Australia Sri Lanka2003 Australia India1999 Australia Pakistan1996 Sri Lanka Australia1992 Pakistan England1987 Australia England1983 India West Indies1979 West Indies England1975 West Indies Australia
Cantilever Span Bridge, Largest Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)Cattle Fair, Largest Sonepur Fair (Bihar)City, Most Populous Mumbai
Corridor, Longest Ramanathaswamy Corridor, Tamil Nadu (1,220 mt.)
Desert, Largest Thar (Rajasthan)Dam, Longest Hirakud Dam (Odisha)Dam, Highest Bhakra Dam on river Sutlej (740 ft.)Delta, Largest Sunderban (12,872 Sq. km.)
Dome, Largest Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur)Gateway, Highest Buland Darwaja at Fatehpur Sikri (54 m.)Lake, Largest Wular Lake (Kashmir)
Literacy, Highest KeralaMuseum, Largest Indian Museum (Kolkata)Mosque, Biggest Jama Masjid (Delhi)Peak, Highest K-2 (8,611 mt.)Railway Platform, Longest Kharagpur, SE Railway (2,733 ft.)Railway Bridge, Largest Nehru Setu, Bihar (river Sone)River, Longest The Ganga river (2,525 km.)
Rainfall, Highest (annual mean) Mowsyrnam near Cherrapunji (1,080 mm) (Meghalaya)
Road, Longest Grand Trunk RoadRock-cut Temple, Largest KailashTemples, Ellora (Maharashtra)State, maximum forest cover Mizoram (cover 75.5% area)Statue Tallest Statue of Risabhnath (Khargone, M.P.) 84 ft.State, Largest (area) Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq. km.)State, Most Populous Uttar Pradesh (16,61,97,921)State with Maximum density of
Tunnel, Longest (Railway) Between Monkey Hill and Khandalastations (2,100 mt. long)
Tower, Highest Qutub Minar (Delhi, 72.5 mt.)Waterfall, Highest Gersoppa Waterfall, Mysore (290 m.)Zoo, Largest Zoological Gardens, KolkataMan-made Lake, Largest Govind Sagar (Bhakra)
Parliament of Different Countries
Country Parliament
Afghanistan Shora
Andorra General Council
Albania People's Assembly
Azerbaijan Melli Majlis
Algeria National People's Assembly
Angola National People's Assembly
Argentina National Congress
Australia Federal Parliament
Austria National Assembly
Bahamas General Assembly
Bahrain Consultative Council
Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad
Belize National Assembly
Bhutan Tsogdu
Bolivia National Congress
Brazil National Congress
Brunei National Assembly
Botswana National Assembly
Britain Parliment (House of Common's and House of Lords)
Bulgaria Narodno Subranie.
Cambodia National Assembly
Congo Democratic Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia Congress
Canada Parliament
China National People's Assembly
Chile Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Comoros Legislative Council and Senate
Costa Rice Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia Sabor
Cuba National Assembly of People's Power
Czech Republic Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Denmark Folketing
Ecuador Natinal Congress
El Salvador Legislative Assembly
East Timor Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt People's Assembly
Fiji Islands Senate & House of Representative
France National Assembly
Finland Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany Bundestag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House)
Guyana National Assembly
Greece Chamber of Deputies
Hungry National Assembly
Iceland Althing
India Sansad
Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly
Iran Majlis
Iraq National Assembly
Israel Knesset
Italy Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan Diet
Jordan National Assembly
Korea(North) Supreme People's Assembly
Korea(South) National Assembly
Kuwait National Assembly
Laos People's Supreme Assembly
Labanon National Assembly
Lesotho National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania Seimas
Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies
Libya General People's Congress
Malaysia Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives Majlis
Madagascar National People's Assembly
Mongolia Great People's Khural
Montenegro Federal Assembly
Mozambique People's Assembly
Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw
Nepal Rashtriya Panchayat
Netherlands The Staten General
New Zealand Parliament (House of Representative)
Oman Monarchy
Pakistan National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines The Congress
Papua New Guinea National Parliament
Poland Sejm
Romania Great National Assembly
Russia Duma & Federal Council
Serbia Federal Assembly
Senegal National Assembly
Seychelles People's Assembly
South Africa Rep. House of Assembly
Spain Cortes
Sweden Riksdag
Saudi Arabia Majlis Al Shura
Sudan Majlis Watani
Switzerland Federal Assembly
Syria People's Council
Turkey Grand National Assembly
USA Congress
Vietnam National Assembly
Venezuela National Congress
Zambia National Assembly
Books and Author
Book's Name Author's NameA Bend in the River V. S. NaipaulA Bend in the River V.S.NaipaulA Gift of Monotheists Ram Mohan RoyA House for Mr.Biswas V.S.NaipaulA Journey Tony BlairA Minister and his Responsibilities Morarji Bhai DesaiA Nation is Making Surendra Nath BandhopadhyeA Pair of Blue Eyes Thomash HardyA Passage to India E. M. FosterA Revenue Stamp (autobiography) Amrita PritamA Strange and Sublime Address Amit ChoudharyA Suitable Boy Bikram SethA Tale of Two Cities Charls DikensA Voice of Freedom Nayantara ShehgalA week with Gandhi L. FischerAdventures of Sherlock Homes Arther Canon DoelAll the Prime Minister's Men Janardan ThakurAllahabad Prasasti HarisenAmitabh- the Making of the Superstar Susmita Das GuptaAmukta Malyad Krishna Deva RayaAn Unknown Indian Nirod C. ChoudharyAnand Math Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeAnna Karenina Leo TolstoyAparajito Bibhuti Bhushan BandopadhyayApple Cart G. B. ShawAranyak Bibhuti Bhushan BandopadhyayArogyaniketan Tarashankar Bandopadhyay
Astyadhaye PaniniBakul Katha Ashapurna DeviBan Palashir Padabali Ramapada ChowdhuryBandit Queen Mala SenBela Obela Kalbela Jibanananda DasBengali Zamindar Nilmoni MukherjeeBicramanchadev BilhonBlind Beauty Boris PasternakBuddhacharit Asha GhoshCaptive Lady Michel Madhusudan DuttaCauses of the Indian Mutiny Sir Syyed Ahmed KhanCharitraheen Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayChidambara S. N. PanthCircle of the Region Amitabha GhoshCity of Job Charnak Nisith Ranjan RoyCommedy Errors ShekhspearConversations with Myself Nelson MandelaCoolie Mulkraj AnandCrisis of India Ronal SegalDas Capital Karl MarksDeath of President W. MarchentDecamaren BocachioDesert Village Oliver GoldsmithDevdas Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayDevelopment as Freedom Amartya SenDevelopment as Freedom Amartya SenDevi Chaudharani Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeDevine Comedi Dante Divine Life SivanandEconomic History of India Ramesh Chandra DuttaEnd and Means HuxlayFaust GoetheFerary Queen Edmond SpensarFreedom at Midnight Lapierre & CollinsFriend Not Master Ayub KhanGanadebata Tarashankar BandopadhyayGathering Strom ChurchilGhulam Giri Jyotiba PhuleGlobal Crisis Recession and Uneven Recovery Y.B. ReddyGreat Indian and Their Landmark Speeches Manohar and Sarita PrabhakarGuid R. K. NarayananGurdbaho BakpatirajHero of Nymph Aurobindo Ghosh
Hind Swaraj M. K. GandhiHindu View of Life S. RadhakrishnanHistorica HerodotusI follow the Mahatma K. M. MunshiI Van Ho Walter ScotIgnited Minds - Unleashing the power within India DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamIn an Antique Land Amitabh GhoshIndia 2020 - A Vision for the New Millennium DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamIndia Divided Rajendra PrashadIndia for A Billion Reasons Amit DasguptaIndia Wins Freedom Abdul Kalam AzadIndian Epigraphy D. C. SircarIndian Village S.C. DubeIndian war and Independence D. V. SavarkarIndica MegasthenisInfinite Jest David Foster WallaceInheritance of Loss Kiran DesaiJalsaghar Tarashankar BandopadhyayJhara Palak Jibanananda DasJinnah- India, Partition, Independence Jaswant SinghJungle Book R. KipplingKanterbary Tells Geofray ChosarKidnapped StevensonKubla Khan ColeridgeLalit Bihar Ashwa GhoshLife Devine Aurobindo GhoshMahabhashya PatanjaliMan and Superman G. B. ShawMidnight Children Salman RushdiMitakshara VijnaneswaraModernization of Indian Tradition Yogendra SinghMother Maxim GorkayMother India Katharin MayoMurder in Cathedral ElliotMy Country My Life Lal Krishna AdvaniMy Experiments With Truth M.K. GandhiMy Indian Years Lord Hardinge IIMy Journey DR. A.P.J. Abdul KalamMyth of Independence Zulfikar Ali BhuttoNeel Darpan Dinbandhu Mitraetaji Dead or Alive Samar GuhaNew Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy A. B. VajpayeeNew India Annie Besant
One Night @ the Call Centre Chetan BhagatPadma Nadir Majhi Manik BandopadhyayPakhtoon Khan Abdul Ghaffar KhanPalli Samaj Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayParadise Lost John MiltonParineeta Sarat Chandra ChattopadhyayPather Panchali Bibhuti BHushan BandopadhayePoverty & Un-British Rule in India Dadabhai NaorojiPratham Pratisruti Ashapurna DeviPrecepts of Jesus Ram Mohan RoyPride and Prejudice Jane AustenPrinciples of Sociology Herbert SpencerPrison Diary Jay Prakash NarayanProblems of the East Lord CurzonPutul Nacher Itikatha Manik BandopadhyayRaces and Cultures of India D.N. MajumdarRajtarangini KalhanRamcharit S. K. NandiRashmirathi Ramdhari Singh DinkarRiver of Smoke Amitav GhoshSaket Mathili Saran GuptaSatyarth Prakash Swami DayanandShadow Line Amitabh GhoshShadow of Ladakh B. BhattachariaShape of Things To Come H. G. WellsSitaram Bankim Chandra ChattopadhayeSocial Structure of Values Radha Kamal MukherjeeStraight from the Heart Kapil DevSubarnalata Ashapurna DeviTahakak - E - HInd AlbiruniTalisman Walter ScottThe Algebra of Infinite Justice Arundhati RoyThe Bandit Queen Mala SenThe City of Joy Dhominic LapierThe Discovery of India Jawahar Lal NehruThe God of Small Things Arundhuti RoyThe Harry Potter Series J. K. RowlingThe Indian Struggle Subash Chandra BoseThe Indian War of Independence V. D. SavarkarThe Inheritance of Loss Kiran DesaiThe Judgement Kuldip NayarThe Masque of Africa V. S. NaipaulThe Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy
The Nadars of Tamil Nadu D.N. DhanagreThe Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal B. R. NandaThe Prince MaciavalyThe Rediscovery of India Meghnad DesaiThe Satanic Verse Salman RushdiThe Science of Bharat Natyam Saroja VaidyanathanThe Sense of an Ending Julian BarnesThe Silent Cry Kenjaburo UeThe Spirit of Islam Syyed Amir AliThe Village By the Sea Anita DesaiThe White Tiger Aravind AdigaTheory of Relativity Alexander DomaThree Marketiars EinsteinTo all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism? J. P. NarayanTruth, Love and A Little Malice Khushwant SinghTwo Leaves and a Bud Mulkraj AnandTwo Lives Vikram SethUnhappy India L. RoyUrbashi R. D. DinkarUtopia Thomas MoorVision of the Past Michel Madhusudan DuttaVolga Se Ganga Rahul SankritayanWar and Peace TolstoyWhat Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables B. R. AmbedkarWings of Fire DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
List of National Games of all countries
Country Sport
Afghanistan Buzkashi
Anguilla Yacht racing
Antigua and Barbuda Cricket
Barbados Cricket
Bermuda Cricket
Bhutan Archery
Cuba Baseball
Dominican Republic Baseball
Finland Pesäpallo
Grenada Cricket
Guyana Cricket
India Field hockey
Israel Association Football
Ireland ("national games") Gaelic games
Jamaica Cricket
Japan Sumo
Latvia Basketball (summer), Ice hockey (winter)
Lithuania Basketball
Madagascar Rugby union
New Zealand Rugby union
Norway Cross-country skiing
Pakistan Field Hockey
Papua New Guinea Rugby league
Peru Paleta Frontón
Romania Oină
Russia Bandy
Scotland Golf
Slovenia Alpine skiing
Turkey ("ancestral sports") Wrestling& Cirit
Turks and Caicos Islands Cricket
United States Baseball (spring/summer), American football (autumn)
37. Loneliest Island: Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
38. Never Never land: Vast Prairies of N. Australia
39. Pearl of the Antilles: Cuba
40. Pearl of the Pacific: Guayaquil port of Ecuador
41. Pillars of Hercules: Straits of Gibraltar
42. Playground of Europe: Switzerland
43. Quaker City: Philadelphia
44. Queen of the Adriatic: Venice
45. Roof of the World: The Pamirs, Central Asia
46. Rose-pink City: Jaipur
47. Sorrow of China: Yellow River
48. Spice Garden of India: Kerala
49. Sugar bowl of the World: Cuba
50. Venice of the East: Alappuzha
51. Venice of the North: Stockholm
52. White man’s grave: Guinea Coast of Africa
53. Windy City: Chicago
TRIBES & RACES
Afridis: A war-like race of hill men on the north-west frontier of Pakistan (tribal area of Waziristan).Bedouins: Nomadic tribe of Arabia, spread over the whole of Northern Africa and Western Asia.Bhils: a primitive Dravidian race inhabiting Central India.Boer: a name applied to South Africans of Dutch or Huguenot descent, especially to early settlers of Transvaal and the Orange Free State and their descendants.Bushmen: They live in the Kalahari desert. They are probably the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of Africa. They rank among the most uncivilized and backward peoples in the world. Their food consists almost entirely of meat, often raw or decomposed, and in times of scarcity they will eat insects, snakes etc.Cossacks: Peasants of the south-eastern border land of Poland, or Ukraina are known as Cossacks. Many of them belong to Turkic people while many others are of a mix descent.Eskimos: Race living in the Arctic regions: Greenland, Alaska, Labradors and the extreme north-east corner of Siberia.Karbis: are natives of Assam.Khasis: are a tribe inhabiting the Khasi and Jaintia hills in the north-eastern hilly tracts in Meghalaya State of India. The Khasis have their own distinctive language and culture.Kikuyu: are a race of Bantu negroes who live in the north of Mount Kenya. They combine agriculture with pastoralism.Kirghiz: of Central Asia are an example of people adopted to a grassland environment. They are pastoral nomads who move from pasture to pasture with the flocks and herds of horses, camels, oxen, sheep and goats. Meat forms only a small portion of their food. The Kirghiz are fearless horsemen, and even their children are expert riders.Kiwis: inhabit New Zealand.Lambadies: are concentrated in Karnataka State of India.Lepchas: are aborigins of Sikkim and Darjeeling. They are one of the Scheduled Tribes of the Hills, recognised by the Government of India.Magyars: the Hungarian race who came to Eastern Europe from south-west Asia and settled in Hungary in the 10th century.Mahsud: Hill-tribe living in north-west of Pakistan.Maoris: are the original inhabitants of New Zealand. The Maoris are tall, muscular, handsome people, with brown skin and black hair. They are greatly skilled in stone and wood-carving.Masai: of the east African Plateau are the example of pastoral people. They are tall, strong, warlike race, partly negroid in type. They treat their cattle with great respect and affection and do not kill them for food or for sale as meat.Moplas: A Muslim tribe of Malabar (Kerala, India).Mayas: A large group of American Indians living in the highlands of Gauatemala.Munda: They are mostly located in the State of Madhya Pradesh in India.Nagas: Hill tribe of Nagaland (India).Negritos: are the ancient tribes of Andamans.Negro: A race of men distinguished by dark skin, fuzzy hair, broad and protruding lips, living in south-west and Central Africa.Red Indians: Race living in U.S.A. between the rocky Mountains and the Missouri River. They are original inhabitants of America.Santhals: Aboriginal natives of Orissa and Chhotanagpur.Semangs: are tribal people living in Malaysia.Todas: They are aboriginal tribe of the Nilgiris (India).Zulus: are a race of negroid people in Natal (South Africa), having close ethnic, linguistic and cultural ties with the Swazis and the Bantus.
Prime Minister of India
Name of Prime Minister Tenure
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) 15 August 1947-27 May 1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) 27 May 1964- 9 June 1964 (Acting)
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) 9 June 1964-11 January 1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) 11 January 1964 - 24 January 1966 (Acting)
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 24 January 1966 -24 March 1977
Morarji Desai (1896-1995) 24 March 1977- 28 July 1979
Charan Singh (1902-1987) 28 July 1979- 14 January 1980
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 14 January 1980- 31 October 1984
Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) 31 October 1984- 1 December 1989
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (b-1931) 2 December 1989- 10 November 1990
Chandra Shekhar (b-1927) 10 November 1990- 21 June 1991
P.V Narasimha Rao (b-1921) 21 June 1991- 16 May 1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 16 May 1996- 01 June 1996
H.D Deva Gowda (b-1933) 01 June 1996- 21 April 1997
I.K Gujral (b-1933) 21 April 1997- 18 March 1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 19 March 1998- 13 October 1999
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (b-1926) 13 October 1999- 22 May 2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh (b-1932) 22 May 2004- till date
List of Presidents in India
Presidents of India Birth/death Tenure
Dr.Rajendra Prasad 1884-1963 01/26/50 to 05/13/62
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1888-1975 05/13/62 to 05/13/67
Zakir Hussain 1897-1969 05/13/67 to 05/03/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1894-1980 05/03/69 to 07/20/69
Muhammad Hidayatullah 1905-1992 07/20/69 to 08/24/69
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1894-1980 08/24/69 to 08/24/74
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1905-1977 08/24/74 to 02/11/77
Basappa Danappa Jatti 1912-2002 02/11/77 to 07/25/77
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1913-1996 07/25/77 to 07/25/82
Giani Zail Singh 1916-1994 07/25/82 to 07/25/87
Ramaswamy Venkataraman (4 December 1910) 1910-2009 07/25/87 to 07/25/92
Shankar Dayal Sharma (Born on 19 August 1918) 1918-1999 07/25/92 to 07/25/97
Kocheril Raman Narayanan (Born on 27 October 1920) 1920-2005 07/25/97 to 07/25/02
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Born on 15 October 1931) 1931 07/25/02 to 07/25/07
Smt. Pratibha Patil 1934 07/25/07 to 07/25/12
Pranab Mukherjee 1935 07/25/12 to ___________
Vice-Presidents of India
1. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan May 13, 1952 to May 12, 1962
2. Dr. Zakir Hussain May 13, 1962 to May 12, 19673. Varahagiri Venkata Giri May 13, 1967 to May 3, 19694. Gopal Swarup Pathak August 31, 1969 to August 30, 1974
5. Basappa Danappa Jatti August 31, 1974 to August 30, 1979
6. Muhammad Hidayat Ullah August 31, 1979 to August 30, 1984
7. Ramaswamy Venkataraman August 31, 1984 to July 27, 1987
8. Shankar Dayal Sharma September 3, 1987 to July 24, 19929. Kocheril Raman Narayanan August 21, 1992 to July 24, 199710. Krishan Kant August 21, 1997 to July 27, 200211. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat August 19, 2002 to -12. Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari 11th August 2007 to till date
Lok Speaker of India
Lok Sabha First meeting Dissolution Speaker Tenure1st t Lok Sabha 13 May, 1952 4 April, 1957 Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar 15 May, 1952-27 – February, 1956
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar 8 March, 1956 – 10 May, 1957
2nd Lok Sabha 10 May, 1957 31 March, 1962 M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar 11 May, 1957 – 16 April, 1962
3rd Lok Sabha 16 April, 1962 3 March, 1967 Hukam Singh 17 April, 1962 – 16 March, 1967
7th Lok Sabha 21 January, 1980 31 December, 1984 Bal Ram Jakhar 22 January, 1980 – 15 January, 1985
8th Lok Sabha 15 January, 1985 27 November, 1989 Bal Ram Jakhar, 16 January, 1985 – 18 December, 1989
9th Lok Sabha 18 December, 1989 13 March, 1991 Ravi Ray 19 December, 1989 – 9 July, 1991
10th Lok Sabha 9 July, 1991 10 May, 1996 Shivraj V. Patil 10 July, 1991 – 22 May, 1996
11th Lok Sabha 22 May, 1996 4 Dec., 1997 P. A. Sangma 23 May, 1996 – 23 March, 1998 (FN)
12th Lok Sabha 23 March, 1998, 26 April, 1999 G. M. C. Balayogi 24 March, 1998 – 20 October, 1999 (FN)
13th Lok Sabha 20 October, 1999 6 February, 2004G. M. C. Balayogi 22 October, 1999 – 3 March, 2002
Manohar Joshi 10 May, 2002 – 4 June, 2004
14th Lok Sabha 2 June, 2004 — Somnath Chatterjee 4 June, 2004 – 31 May, 2009
15th Lok Sabha — Smt. Meira Kumar 3 June, 2009 – Till date
Language of States
LanguageSpeakers(in millions, 20
01)[25]State(s)
Assamese/Axomiya 13 Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Bengali 83 West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Bodo 1.4 Assam
Dogri 2.3 Jammu and Kashmir
Gujarati 46 Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat
Hindi 258–422[26]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ( All over Country)
Kannada 38 Karnataka
Kashmiri 5.5 Jammu and Kashmir
Konkani 2.5–7.6[27] Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala
Maithili 12–32[28] Bihar
Malayalam 33 Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry
Manipuri (also Meithei) 1.5 Manipur
Marathi 72 Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh
Nepali 2.9 Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam
Oriya 33 Orissa
Punjabi 29 Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
Sanskrit 0.01 non-regional
Santhali 6.5 Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)
Sindhi 2.5 non-regional
Tamil 61 Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry
22. Rajasthan Chari, Kalbelia, Ghoomar, Fire Dance, Kachhi Gori
23. Sikkim Singhi Chham
24. Tamil Nadu Devarattam, Kummi, Poikal Kudirai Attam, Kamandi or Kaman Pandigai, Kolattam, Mayil Attam or Peacock dance, Theru Koothu
25. Tripura Hojagiri
26. Uttarakhand
27. Uttar Pradesh
28. West Bengal
Sl. No. Union Territories Folk Dance1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Nicobarese dances
2. Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4. Daman and Diu
5. Delhi
6. Lakshadweep Lava
7. Pondicherry Garadi
Currency of Countries
S.No Country Currency
1 Afghanistan Afghan afghani
2 Albania Albanian lek3 Algeria Algerian dinar4 American Samoa see United States5 Andorra see Spain and France6 Angola Angolan kwanza7 Anguilla East Caribbean dollar8 Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar9 Argentina Argentine peso10 Armenia Armenian dram11 Aruba Aruban florin12 Australia Australian dollar13 Austria European euro14 Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat15 Bahamas Bahamian dollar16 Bahrain Bahraini dinar17 Bangladesh Bangladeshi taka18 Barbados Barbadian dollar19 Belarus Belarusian ruble20 Belgium European euro21 Belize Belize dollar22 Benin West African CFA franc23 Bermuda Bermudian dollar24 Bhutan Bhutanese ngultrum25 Bolivia Bolivian boliviano26 Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka27 Botswana Botswana pula28 Brazil Brazilian real29 British Indian Ocean Territory see United Kingdom30 Brunei Brunei dollar31 Bulgaria Bulgarian lev32 Burkina Faso West African CFA franc33 Burma see Myanmar34 Burundi Burundi franc35 Cambodia Cambodian riel36 Cameroon Central African CFA franc37 Canada Canadian dollar38 Canton and Enderbury Islands see Kiribati39 Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo40 Cayman Islands Cayman Islands dollar41 Central African Republic Central African CFA franc42 Chad Central African CFA franc43 Chile Chilean peso44 China Chinese renminbi45 Christmas Island see Australia46 Cocos (Keeling) Islands see Australia
47 Colombia Colombian peso48 Comoros Comorian franc49 Congo Central African CFA franc50 Congo, Democratic Republic Congolese franc51 Cook Islands see New Zealand52 Costa Rica Costa Rican colon53 Côte d'Ivoire West African CFA franc54 Croatia Croatian kuna55 Cuba Cuban peso56 Cyprus European euro57 Czech Republic Czech koruna58 Denmark Danish krone59 Djibouti Djiboutian franc60 Dominica East Caribbean dollar61 Dominican Republic Dominican peso62 Dronning Maud Land see Norway63 East Timor see Timor-Leste64 Ecuador uses the U.S. Dollar65 Egypt Egyptian pound66 El Salvador uses the U.S. Dollar67 Equatorial Guinea Central African CFA franc68 Eritrea Eritrean nakfa69 Estonia Estonian kroon70 Ethiopia Ethiopian birr71 Faeroe Islands (Føroyar) see Denmark72 Falkland Islands Falkland Islands pound73 Fiji Fijian dollar74 Finland European euro75 France European euro76 French Guiana see France77 French Polynesia CFP franc78 Gabon Central African CFA franc79 Gambia Gambian dalasi80 Georgia Georgian lari81 Germany European euro82 Ghana Ghanaian cedi83 Gibraltar Gibraltar pound84 Great Britain see United Kingdom85 Greece European euro86 Greenland see Denmark87 Grenada East Caribbean dollar88 Guadeloupe see France89 Guam see United States90 Guatemala Guatemalan quetzal91 Guernsey see United Kingdom92 Guinea-Bissau West African CFA franc
93 Guinea Guinean franc94 Guyana Guyanese dollar95 Haiti Haitian gourde96 Heard and McDonald Islands see Australia97 Honduras Honduran lempira98 Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar99 Hungary Hungarian forint100 Iceland Icelandic króna101 India Indian rupee102 Indonesia Indonesian rupiah103 International Monetary Fund Special Drawing Rights104 Iran Iranian rial105 Iraq Iraqi dinar106 Ireland European euro107 Isle of Man see United Kingdom108 Israel Israeli new sheqel109 Italy European euro110 Ivory Coast see Côte d'Ivoire111 Jamaica Jamaican dollar112 Japan Japanese yen113 Jersey see United Kingdom114 Johnston Island see United States115 Jordan Jordanian dinar116 Kampuchea see Cambodia117 Kazakhstan Kazakhstani tenge118 Kenya Kenyan shilling119 Kiribati see Australia120 Korea, North North Korean won121 Korea, South South Korean won122 Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar123 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstani som124 Laos Lao kip125 Latvia Latvian lats126 Lebanon Lebanese lira127 Lesotho Lesotho loti128 Liberia Liberian dollar129 Libya Libyan dinar130 Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc131 Lithuania Lithuanian litas132 Luxembourg European euro133 Macau Macanese pataca134 Macedonia (Former Yug. Rep.) Macedonian denar
135 Madagascar Malagasy ariary136 Malawi Malawian kwacha137 Malaysia Malaysian ringgit
138 Maldives Maldivian rufiyaa139 Mali West African CFA franc140 Malta European Euro141 Martinique see France142 Mauritania Mauritanian ouguiya143 Mauritius Mauritian rupee144 Mayotte see France145 Micronesia see United States146 Midway Islands see United States147 Mexico Mexican peso148 Moldova Moldovan leu149 Monaco see France150 Mongolia Mongolian tugrik151 Montenegro see Italy152 Montserrat East Caribbean dollar153 Morocco Moroccan dirham154 Mozambique Mozambican metical155 Myanmar Myanma kyat156 Nauru see Australia157 Namibia Namibian dollar158 Nepal Nepalese rupee159 Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean gulden160 Netherlands European euro161 New Caledonia CFP franc162 New Zealand New Zealand dollar163 Nicaragua Nicaraguan córdoba164 Niger West African CFA franc165 Nigeria Nigerian naira166 Niue see New Zealand167 Norfolk Island see Australia168 Northern Mariana Islands see United States169 Norway Norwegian krone170 Oman Omani rial171 Pakistan Pakistani rupee172 Palau see United States173 Panama Panamanian balboa174 Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinean kina175 Paraguay Paraguayan guarani176 Peru Peruvian nuevo sol177 Philippines Philippine peso178 Pitcairn Island see New Zealand179 Poland Polish zloty180 Portugal European euro181 Puerto Rico see United States182 Qatar Qatari riyal183 Reunion see France
184 Romania Romanian leu185 Russia Russian ruble186 Rwanda Rwandan franc187 Samoa (Western) see Western Samoa188 Samoa (America) see United States189 San Marino see Italy190 São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe dobra191 Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal192 Sénégal West African CFA franc193 Serbia Serbian dinar194 Seychelles Seychellois rupee195 Sierra Leone Sierra Leonean leone196 Singapore Singapore dollar197 Slovakia European euro198 Slovenia European euro199 Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar200 Somalia Somali shilling201 South Africa South African rand202 Spain European euro203 Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee204 St. Helena Saint Helena pound205 St. Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar206 St. Lucia East Caribbean dollar207 St. Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar208 Sudan Sudanese pound209 Suriname Surinamese dollar210 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands see Norway
211 Swaziland Swazi lilangeni212 Sweden Swedish krona213 Switzerland Swiss franc214 Syria Syrian pound215 Tahiti see French Polynesia216 Taiwan New Taiwan dollar217 Tajikistan Tajikistani somoni218 Tanzania Tanzanian shilling219 Thailand Thai baht220 Timor-Leste uses the U.S. Dollar221 Togo West African CFA franc222 Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar223 Tunisia Tunisian dinar224 Turkey Turkish new lira225 Turkmenistan Turkmen manat226 Turks and Caicos Islands see United States227 Tuvalu see Australia228 Uganda Ugandan shilling
229 Ukraine Ukrainian hryvnia230 United Arab Emirates UAE dirham231 United Kingdom British pound232 United States of America United States dollar233 Upper Volta see Burkina Faso234 Uruguay Uruguayan peso235 Uzbekistan Uzbekistani som236 Vanuatu Vanuatu vatu237 Vatican see Italy238 Venezuela Venezuelan bolivar239 Vietnam Vietnamese dong240 Virgin Islands see United States241 Wake Island see United States242 Wallis and Futuna Islands CFP franc243 Western Sahara see Spain, Mauritania and Morocco244 Western Samoa Samoan tala
2 M. Patanjali Sastri 7-Nov-51 3-Jan-543 Mehr Chand Mahajan 4-Jan-54 22-Dec-544 B. K. Mukherjee 23-Dec-54 January 31, 1956‡‡
5 Sudhi Ranjan Das 1-Feb-56 30-Sep-596 Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha 1-Oct-59 31-Jan-647 P. B. Gajendragadkar 1-Feb-64 15-Mar-668 Amal Kumar Sarkar 16-Mar-66 29-Jun-669 Koka Subba Rao 30-Jun-66 April 11, 1967‡‡
10 Kailas Nath Wanchoo 12-Apr-67 24-Feb-6811 Mohammad Hidayatullah 25-Feb-68 16-Dec-7012 Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah 17-Dec-70 21-Jan-71
13 Sarv Mittra Sikri 22-Jan-71 25-Apr-7314 Ajit Nath Ray 26-Apr-73 27-Jan-7715 Mirza Hameedullah Beg 28-Jan-77 21-Feb-7816 Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud 22-Feb-78 11-Jul-8517 P. N. Bhagwati 12-Jul-85 20-Dec-8618 R. S. Pathak 21-Dec-86 June 18, 1989‡‡
19 E. S. Venkataramiah 19-Jun-89 17-Dec-8920 Sabyasachi Mukherjee 18-Dec-89 September 25, 1990‡
21 Ranganath Misra 26-Sep-90 24-Nov-9122 Kamal Narain Singh 25-Nov-91 12-Dec-9123 M. H. Kania 13-Dec-91 17-Nov-9224 Lalit Mohan Sharma 18-Nov-92 11-Feb-9325 M. N. Venkatachaliah 12-Feb-93 24-Oct-9426 Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi 25-Oct-94 24-Mar-9727 Jagdish Sharan Verma 25-Mar-97 17-Jan-9828 Madan Mohan Punchhi 18-Jan-98 9-Oct-9829 Adarsh Sein Anand 10-Oct-98 11-Jan-01
30 Sam Piroj Bharucha 11-Jan-01 6-May-0231 Bhupinder Nath Kirpal 6-May-02 8-Nov-0232 Gopal Ballav Pattanaik 8-Nov-02 19-Dec-0233 V. N. Khare 19-Dec-02 2-May-0434 S. Rajendra Babu 2-May-04 1-Jun-0435 Ramesh Chandra Lahoti 1-Jun-04 1-Nov-0536 Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal 1-Nov-05 13-Jan-0737 K. G. Balakrishnan 13-Jan-07 11-May-1038 S. H. Kapadia 12-May-10 28-Sep-1239 Altamas Kabir 29-Sep-12 Incumbent40414243444546474849505152
Lativa SaeimaMalaysia MajilisMaldives MajilisMagnolia KhuralNepal Rashtriya PanchayatNetherlands States General (Staten-Generaal)Norway StortingOman MajlisPakistan Majlis-e-ShooraPoland ScymRussia DumaSpain CrotesSweden RiksdagSouth Africa ParliamentSwitzerland Federal AssemblyTaiwan YuanTurkey Grand National AssemblyUSA CongressUzbekistan Oliy Majlis
The Wonders of the World
The New Seven Wonders of the World - Announced in 20071. The Great Wall, China 2. Petra, Jordan
3. Christ Redeemer, Brazil 4. Machu Picchu, Peru
5. Chichén Itzá, Mexico 6. The Roman Colosseum, Italy
7. The Taj Mahal, India
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
1. The Great Pyramid of Giza 2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
3. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 4. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
5. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 6. The Colossus of Rhodes
7. The Pharos of Alexandria
Famous International Airports of India
1. Airport Name: Guru Radmdass International Airport City: Amritsar State: Punjab
2. Airport Name: Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi
3. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Airport City Guwahati State Assam
1 AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India2 AAPSO Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation3 AASU All Assam Students Union4 ABM Anti Ballistic Missile5 AC Alternate Current OR Air Conditioner6 ACC Ancillary Cadet Core7 AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)8 ADB Asian Development Bank.9 AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment10 AGOC Asian Games Organisation Committee11 AICC All India Congress Committee12 AICTE All India Council of Technical Education13 AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome14 AIFE All India Football Federation15 AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences16 AIL Aeronautics India Limited17 AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board18 AIR All India Radio (Broadcasting)19 AITUE All India Trade Union Congress
20 AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon)21 ANC African National Congress22 APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation23 APSC Army Postal Services Core24 ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations25 ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle26 ASI Archaeological Survey of India27 ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)28 ASWAC Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control29 ATS Anti Tetanus Serum30 BAMS Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery31 BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre32 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation33 BC Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus)34 BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)35 BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India36 BEL Bharat Electronics Limited37 BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg38 BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited39 BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial
Reconstruction Finance Board)40 BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic
Cooperation41 BIS Bureau of Indian Standards42 B Pharma Bachelor of Pharmacy43 BSF Border Security Force44 CAD Command Area Development45 CAG Comptroller and Auditor General46 CARE Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere47 CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy48 CBI Central Bureau of Investigation49 CBSE Central. Board of Secondary Education50 CCEA Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs51 CCS Cabinet Committee on Security52 C-DAC Centre For Development of Advance Computing53 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access54 CDRI Central Drug Research Institute55 CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting56 CID Criminal Investigation Department57 CIS Commonwealth of Independent States58 CISF Central Industrial Security Force59 CITU Centre of Indian Trade Unions60 CLAT Common Law Admission Test (Started May 2008)61 CNG Compressed Natural Gas62 COD Central Ordnance Depot63 COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act64 CPO Central Passport Organisation65 CPRI Central Power Research Institute
66 CRPF Central Reserve Police Force67 CRR Cash Reserve Ratio68 CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research69 CSO Central Statistical Organisation70 CTS Computerised Tomography Scanner71 CVC Central Vigilance Commission72 DDT Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane73 DFDR ‘Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)’74 DIG Deputy Inspector General75 D. Lit. Doctor of Literature76 DM District Magistrate77 DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam78 DNA Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid79 DPAP ‘Drought Prone Area Programme80 DPC Dabhol Power Company82 DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation83 DTH Direct to Home84 DVD Digital Versatile Disk85 EAS Employment Assurance Scheme86 ECD European Central Bank87 ECG Electro Cardiogram88 EEC European Economic Community89 EEG Electro Encephalogram90 ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay91 EMF Electromotive Force92 EPABX Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange93 EPZ Export Processing Zone94 ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration95 ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act96 EVM Electronic Voting Machine97 EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of India98 FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation99 FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA)100 FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor101 FCI Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India102 FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)103 FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act104 FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act105 FICCI Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry106 FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board107 FIR First Information Report108 FRS Fellow of the Royal Society109 FTII Films and Television Institute of India110 FTZ Free Trade Zone111 GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited112 GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade113 GIC General Insurance Corporation114 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
115 GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front116 GNP Gross National Product117 GPF General Provident Fund118 GPO General Post Office119 GPS Global Positioning System120 GSI Geological Survey of India121 HAC Hindustan Aluminium Corporation122 HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited123 HCF Highest Common Factor124 HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation125 HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus126 HMT Hindustan Machine Tools127 HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation128 HYVS High Yield Variety Seeds129 IAAI International Airport Authority of India130 lAC Indian Airlines Corporation131 IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency132 IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute133 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank)134 ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research135 ICBM Inter Continental Ballistic Missile136 ICC International Cricket Council137 ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions138 ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited139 ICJ International Court of Justice140 ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research141 ICSI Indian Company Secretaries Institute142 IDA International Development Agency143 IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India144 IDO International Defence Organisation145 IDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited146 IFA Indian Football Association147 IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India148 IFFI International Film Festival of India149 IFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative150 IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions151 IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration152 IIS Indian Institute of Sciences153 IISCO Indian Iron and Steel Company154 IIT Indian Institute of Technology155 ILO International Labour Organisation156 IMA Indian Military Academy157 IMF International Monetary Fund158 INGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art159 INS Indian Naval Ship160 INSAT Indian National Satellite161 INTELSAT International Telecommunication Satellite
162 INTERPOL International Police Organisation163 INTUC Indian National Trade Union Congress164 IOC International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation165 IPC Indian Penal Code166 IPKF Indian Peace Keeping Force167 IQ Intelligence Quotient168 IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile169 IRC International Red Cross170 IRDA Insurance Regulatory Development Authority171 IRDP Integrated Rural Development Programme172 ISB Indian Standard Bureau173 ISM Indian School of Mines174 ISO International Organisation for Standardisation175 ISP Internet Services Provider176 ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation177 IST Indian Standard Time178 ITBP Indo-Tibet Border Police179 ITDC Indian Tourism Development Corporation180 ITPO Indian Trade Promotion Organisation181 ITO International Trade Organisation182 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resource183 ITUC Indian Trade Union Congress184 JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha185 KG Kinder Garten186 LASER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation187 LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India188 LLB Bachelor of Law189 LLM Master of Law190 LMG Light Machine Gun191 LoC Line of Control (Pakistan)192 LoAC Line of Actual Control (China)193 LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas194 LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide195 LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam196 MA Master of Arts197 MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation198 MBA Master of Business Administration199 MBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery200 MBT Main Battle Tank201 MCA Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer
Application202 MCC Melbourne Cricket Club203 MD Doctor of Medicine204 MFN Most Favoured Nation205 MI Military Intelligence206 MISA Maintenance of Internal Security Act207 MIT Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA)
208 MLA Member of Legislative Assembly209 MLC Member of Legislative Council210 MNC Multi National Corporation211 MRCP Member of Royal College of Physicians212 MRCS Member of Royal College of Surgeons213 MRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission214 MODVAT Modified Value Added Tax215 NABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development216 NACO National AIDS Control Organisation217 NAEP National Adult Education Programme218 NAFED National Agricultural and Marketing Federation219 NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement220 NAPP Narora Atomic Power Plant221 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)222 NASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer’s Active Quotation223 NASSCOM National Association of Software & Service Companies224 NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation225 NCW National Commission for Women226 NCCR National Council for Civil Right227 NCERT National Council of Educational Research & Training228 NDA National Defence Academy229 NDDB National Dairy Development Board230 NDF National Defence Fund.231 NEERI National Environment Engineering Research Institute232 NEFA North-East Frontier Agency233 NEPA National Environment Protection Authority234 NFDC National Film Development Corporation235 NFL National Fertilizer Limited236 NHRC National Human Rights Commission237 NICO New Information and Communication Order238 NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation239 NIIT National Institute of Information Technology240 NIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences241 NITIE National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering242 NMDS National Missile Defence System (US)243 NMEP National Malaria Eradication Programme244 NOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development Authority245 NPC National Productivity Council246 NPP National Population Policy247 NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty248 NRDC National Research and Development Corporation249 NREP National Rural Employment Programme250 NRI Non Resident Indian251 NSC National Security Council252 NSSO National Sample Survey Organisation253 NTC National Textile Corporation254 NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation255 OGL Open General Licence
256 OIL Oil India Limited257 OK All Correct258 ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission259 OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries260 PCI Press Council of India261 PCS Provincial Civil Services262 Ph. D Doctor of ‘Philosophy263 PIN Postal lndex Number264 PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation265 PM Post Meridian / Prime Minister266 POTA Prevention of Terrorism Act267 PSLV Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle268 PTI Press Trust of India269 PRO Public Relations Officer270 PTO Please Turn Over271 PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra272 PVSM Param Vishisht Seva Medal273 PWD Public Work’s Department274 PWG People’s War Group275 QED Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved)276 QEF Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done)277 QEI Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found)278 QMG Quarter Master General279 RADAR Radio Angle Direction and Range280 RAW Research and Analysis Wing281 R & D Research and Development282 RBI Reserve Bank of India283 RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete284 RDX Research Developed Explosive285 RIMC Rashtriya Indian Military College286 RMS Railway Mail Service287 RLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme288 RNA Ribonucleic Acid289 RPM Revolutions Per Minute290 RSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh291 RTO Regional Transport Officer292 SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation293 SAC Space Application Centre294 SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Agreement295 SAI Sports Authority of India296 SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited297 SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement298 SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome299 SC Security Council/Supreme Court300 SCI Shipping Corporation of India301 SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises302 SCRA Special Class Railway Apprentice303 SDR Special Drawing Rights
304 SEBI Security Exchange Board of India305 SGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee306 SHAR Shri Harikota Range307 SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India308 SIS Secret Intelligence Service (U.K)309 SITA Suppression of .Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act310 SLV Satellite Launch Vehicle311 SPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals312 SPICMC Society for the Promotion of Indian Classical music and culture313 STARS Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station314 STD Subscribers Trunk Dialing315 STPI Software Technology Parks of India316 SWAPO South West African People’s Organisation317 TA Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy318 TELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company319 TELEX Teleprinter Exchange320 TISCO Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited321 TNT Tri-nitro-toluene322 TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language323 TRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of India324 TRIPS Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights325 TTE Travelling Ticket Examiner326 TTFI Table Tennis Federation of India327 TWA Trans World Airlines (USA)328 UDC Upper Division Clerk329 UFO Unidentified Flying Object330 UGC University Grants Commission331 UHT Ultra High Temperature332 ULFA United Liberation Front of Assam333 UNASUR Union of South American Nations (Spanish: Unión de Naciones
Suramericanas)334 UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development335 UNDP United Nations Development Programme336 UNEF United Nations Emergency Force337 UNEP United Nations Environment Programme338 UNESCO United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation339 UNFPA United Nations for Population Activities340 UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees341 UNI United News of India342 UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund343 UNO United Nations Organisation344 UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply345 UPSC Union Public Service Commission346 USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic347 UTI Unit Trust of India348 VAT Value Added Tax349 VDIS Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme350 VC Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross
351 VIP Very Important Person352 VPP Value Payable Post353 VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme354 VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited355 VSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre356 WEF World Economic Forum357 WHO World Health Organisation358 WILL Wireless in Local Loop359 WMO World Meteorological Organisation360 WWF World Wild Life Fund361 WPI Wholesale Price Index362 WTO World Trade Organisation363 WWF World Wild Life Fund for Nature364 WWW World Wide Web365 YMCA Young Men’s Christians Association366 YWCA Young Women’s Christians Association367 ZBB Zero Based Budgeting368 ZSI Zoological Survey of India
NATIONAL EMBLEMS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
COUNTRY EMBLEM COUNTRY EMBLEM
Australia Kangaroo Bangladesh Water Lily
Barbados Head of a Trident Belgium Lion
Canada White Lily Chile Candor & Huemul
Denmark Beach Dominica Sisserou Parrot
France Lily Germany Corn Flower
Guyana Canje Pheasant Hong Kong Bauhinia (Orchid Tree)
India Lioned Capital Iran Rose
Ireland Shamrock Israel Candelabrum
Italy White Lily Ivory Coast Elephant
Japan Chrysanthemum Lebanon Cedar Tree
Luxenbourg Lion with Crown Mongolia The Soyombo
Netherlands Lion New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway Lion Pakistan Crescent
Papua New Guinea Bird of paradise Spain Eagle
Senegal Bhobab Tree Sierra Leone Lion
Sri Lanka Lion Sudan Secretary Bird
Syria Eagle Turkey Crescent & Star
U.K. Rose U.S.A. Golden Rod
Principle Airlines of Countries
AIRLINES COUNTRY
Aeroflot USSR
Air India India
Air-Lanka SriLanka
Air France France
Air Canada Canada
Air Mauritius Mauritius
Alitalia Italy
Ariana Afghan Airlines Afghanistan
British Airways England
Bangladesh Biman Bangladesh
Cathay Pacific HongKong
Ceskoslovenske Aeroline Czechoslovakia
Egypt Air Egypt
Ethiopian Airlines Ethiopia
Emirates UAE
Finnair Finland
Garuda Airways Indonesia
Gulf Air Gulf
Indian Airlines India
Iran Air Iran
Iraq Airways Iraq
Japan Airlines Ltd. Japan
K.L.M. Royal Dutch Netherlands
Kenya Airways Kenya
Kuwait Airways Kuwait
Lufthansa Germany
Malaysian Airlines Malaysia
Pan American Airways USA
Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan
Quantas Empire Airways Australia
Royal Nepal Airlines Nepal
Sabena Belgium
Saudi Arabian Airlines Saudi Arabia
Scandinavian Airlines System Sweden
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Swiss Air Switzerland
Trans-World Airlines USA
Thai Airways International Thailand
Religions in the World
1. Buddhism
Founder Gautam Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbini)
Founded in 525 BC
Followed in India, China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam
Sacred Text The Tripitaka (Collection of Buddha’s teaching) also called Sutras
Sacred Places Lumbini (Nepal) where he received enlightenment and Kusinagar (UP) where he attained ‘Nirvana’.
Place of Worship Vihar (temple) and Monastery (where monks reside)
Sects Mahayana and Hinayana
2. Confucianism
Founder King Fu Tsu, Better known as Confucius (551-479 BC) born in the state of LU in china.
Founded in 500 BC
Followed in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam
Sacred Text The Analects
Sacred Places No church or temple
3. Christianity
Founder Jesus Christ (5 BC to AD 30) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth
Founded in 2000 years ago
Followed in Spread all over the world
Sacred Text Holy Bible consisting of Old Testament (before Christ) and the New Testament (during and after Christ)
Sacred Places Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached
Place of Worship Church
Important Sects Catholics and Protestants
4. Hinduism
Founder Ancient Sages
Founded in Around 1500 BC
Followed in Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago
Sacred Text The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana
Place of Worship Temple
5. Islam
Founder Prophet Mohammed (AD 570-632) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia)
Founded in AD 622
Followed in From west coast of Africa to the Philippines which includes Tanzania, Southern part of Russia and China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of North Africa.
Sacred Text Quran (words of God), Hadis (Collection of Prophet’s saying).
Sacred Places Makkah (mecca) in Saudi Arabia
Place of Worship Masjid (mosque)
Sects Sunnis and Shias
6.Sikh
Founder Guru Nanak Dev Jee( 15 -April- 1469- 22-September- 1539) born in Rai Bhoi dee Talwandi( Nankana Sahib)
Founded in 15th century
Followed in India,Pakistan,Afganistan ,Rest of the world.
Sacred Text Guru Granth Sahib jee (words of God)
Sacred Places 5 Takat(Sri Akal Takht Sahib, Takht Sri Damdama Sahib , Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib, Takht Sri
2. Chandigarh U.T. Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator)
3. New Delhi Smt Sheila Dikshit Mr. Tejendra Khanna
4. Puducherry Shri N. Rangasamy Sh. Iqbal Singh
5. Dadra and Nagar Haveli U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
6. Daman and Diu U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
7. Lakshadweep Shri B V Selvarj (Administrator) Shri Amar Nath
Distinctive Names of Some Countries & Town
Distinctive Name Country/Town/Port/River
Britain of the South New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe Belgium
City of the Golden Gate San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances Washington D.C.
City of Popes Rome
City of Seven Hills Rome
City of Skyscrapers New York
Cockpit of Europe Belgium
Dark Continent Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe Denmark
Emerald Island Ireland
Empire City New York
Eternal City Rome, Italy
Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England Kent
Gate of Tears Babel-Mandab, Jerusalem
Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland)
Great White Way Broadway (New York)
Gift of Nile Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean Aden
Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom Korea
Holy Land Palestine
Island of Cloves Madagascar (Malagasy)
The Isle of Spring Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean Gibraltar
Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes) Scotland
Land of the Golden Fleece Australia
Land of the Golden Pagoda Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos Australia
Land of Lilies Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun Norway
Land of Milk and Honey Canaan
Land of Morning Calm Korea
Land of the Rising Sun Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes Finland
Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan
Land of White Elephants Thailand
Lady of Snow Canada
Little Venice Venezuela
Never, Never Land Prairies (North Australia)
Pearl of Antilles Cuba
Playground of Europe Switzerland
Pillars of Hercules Straits of Gibraltar
First in World
1. Chairman of Peoples Republic of China - Mao-Tse-Tung
2. President of the Chinese Republic – Dr. Sun Yat Sen
3. President of U.S.A – George Washington
4. Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein
5. Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great
6. Person to reach South Pole – Amundsen
7. Person to reach North Pole – Robert Pearey
8. Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin
9. Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong
10. Lady to climb Mount Everest – Junko Taibei
11. European to visit China – Marco Polo
12. Place where atom bomb was dropped – Hiroshima
13. Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov
14. Woman cosmonaut in Space – Valentina Tereshkova
15. Woman Prime Minister of a country - Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
16. Woman President of a country - Maria Estela Peron
17. Woman to Command a Space Mission - Colonel Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
18. The first residents of International Space station - Bill Shepherd (USA),Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei
Krikalev (Russia)
19. The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest - Erik Weihenmayer(USA, May 25, 2001)
20. The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International lrine – Zubeida
Khan
21. The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date - Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
22. The first South African to become the second space tourist - Mark Shuttleworth
23. The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea - Ms. Chang Sang
24. The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess - Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
25. The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft - Felix
Baumgartner (July 2003)
26. China’s first man in space - Yang Liwei
27. The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize - Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)
28. The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record - Kiran Baloch
(Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing women’s cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in
March, 2004)
29. The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times - Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
30. The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming - Bula Chaudhury (India)
31. The first aircraft pilot to round the entire world non-stop by his 2 engine aircraft in 67 hours
- Steve Fossett (March 2005)
32. The first woman to be appointed as a Governor of a province in Afghanistan - Habiba Sorabhi
33. The first woman of the world to swim across five continents – Bula Chaudhury (India) (April 2005)
34. The first woman athlete to touch 5.0 meter mark in pole vault - Ms. Yelena Isinbayeva (Russian,
July 2005)
35. The first Hindu Chief Justice of Pakistani Supreme Court Justice – Rana Bhagwan Das Took over on Sept. 2, 2005 as Acting Chief Justice
List of Bharat Award Recipient
S.No. Name of the recipient Year Their individuality
1 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1954 Indian political leader, the first and the only governor-general of independent India.
2 Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman 1954 Indian physicist, the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930(birth. Nov. 7, 1888, Trichinopoly [Tiruchirappalli], India; death. Nov. 21, 1970, Bengaluru),
3 Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1954 Philosopher, scholar and statesman, president of India from 1962 to 1967
4 Dr. Bhagwan Das 1955 Independence activist, author
5 Shri Jawaharlal Nehru 1955 Independence activist, author, first prime minister of independent India (1947-64)
6 Dr. Mokshagundam Vivesvaraya 1955 Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
7 Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant 1957 Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
8 Dr. Dhonde Keshav Karve 1958 Also known as Maharishi Karve, Indian social reformer and educator
9 Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy 1961 Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
10 Shri Purushottam Das Tandon 1961 Independence activist, educator
11 Dr. Rajendra Prasad 1962 First president of the Republic of India (1950-62). A lawyer-turned-journalist, also president of the Indian National Congress
12 Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
13 Dr. Zakir Hussain 1963 Scholar, third President
14 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri 1966 Posthumous Award: independence activist, third Prime Minister
15 Smt. Indira Gandhi 1971 Fourth Prime Minister
16 Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri 1975 Trade unionist and fourth President
17 Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj 1976 Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Madras State
18 Mother Teresa, (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu)
1980 Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
27 Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata 1992 Industrialist and philanthropist
28 Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1992 Posthumous Award: independence activist, first Minister of Education
29 Shri Satyajit Ray 1992 Filmmaker
30 Shri (Dr.) Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
1997 Aeronautical engineer, eminent defence scientist, Dr. Kalam was India's eleventh president from 2002 to 2007
31 Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali 1997 Posthumous Award: independence activist
32 Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda 1997 Independence activist, second Prime Minister
33 Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam 1998 Chidambaram Subramaniam (birth: January 30, 1910 – death: November 7, 2000) He was an Indian statesman, Freedom fighter, state minister, central minister and governor.
34Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi
1998 Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004), Also known as M.S., she was a renowned Carnatic vocalist.
35 Prof. Amartya Sen 1999 Distinguished economist and philosopher, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1998 for his seminal work in welfare economics
36 Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi 1999 Posthumous Award: independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
37 Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan 1999 Posthumous Award: Indian political leader and theorist, leader of socio-political mass-movements in Gujarat and Bihar
38 Pandit Ravi Shankar 1999 Sitar player
39 Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar 2001 Legendary Indian playback singer; sang for more than 2,000 Indian films in a career spanning nearly six decades
40 Ustad Bismillah Khan 2001 (birth March 21, 1916, Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, in Dumraon, Bihar; death Aug. 21, 2006, Varanasi).
41 Pandit Bhimsen Joshi 2008 (birth. Feb. 14, 1922, Gadag, Dharwad, Karnataka), His full name is Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi.
Most Renowned Indian Awards:
Noble Prize Noble Prize are for Contributions to society
Bharat Ratna It is India's highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service
Pulitzer Prize Pulitzer awards are for Literacy achievement Padma Awards: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri
Padma awards are for exceptional and distinguished service in any field including service rendered by Government servants.
Gallantry Awards: Param Vir Chakra (PVC), Ashok Chakra, Shaurya Chakra These awards are given for appreciating the brave and gallant
The Golden Peacock Awards It is recognised worldwide as the hallmark of corporate excellence. It builds the Brand Equity and inspires and aligns the entire workforce.
Manthan Award It is an initiative in India to recognize the best practices in e-Content and Creativity.
Arjun Awards Arjuna Award is given for Excellence in sports FiFi Awards The FiFi Awards honor the fragrance industry's creative achievements International Gandhi Peace Prize This award is given to individuals and institutions for their contributions
towards social, economic and political revolution through non-violence and Gandhian philosophy. The award carries Rs. 10 million in cash.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award is for Excellence in Public Administration, Academics and Management
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is India’s highest honour given for achievement in sports.
GREEN STAR AWARDS The Green Star Awards recognize those who have made extraordinary efforts to respond to environmental disasters around the world.
List of Cups And TrophiesSport: Hockey Aga khan Cup ,Begam Rasul Torphy (woman’s), Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Lady Ratan Tata Trophy (woman’s), Gurunanak Championship (woman’s) Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Wellington Cup etc,Sport: Football Beghum Hazarat Mahal Cup, BILT Cup, Bordoloi Trophy Colombo Cup, Confederation cup, DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Santosh Trophy (National Championship), IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Mukherjee Cup, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy, Euro Cup, etc,Sport: Cricket Anthony D, Mellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar Challender Cup, C.K Naidu Trophy, Cooch – Behar Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duldeep Trophy, Gavaskar –Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam Ahmad Trophy, Hamkumat Rai Trophy, ICC World Cup, Irani Trophy Interface Cup, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Lomboard World Challenge Cup, Mc Dowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Cup, Moin –ud –Dowla Cup, Net West Trophy, Prudential Cup(World Cup), Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, RohintonBarcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup, Sharjah Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy, Sheffield Shield, Singer Cup, Sir Frank Worrel Trophy, Texaco Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup.Sport: Table Tennis Berna Bellack cup( Men), Cobillion Cup (women), Jai Laxmi cup(women),Rajkumari Challenge Cup (women junior), Ramanuja Trophy (men Junior),Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men) etc.Sport: Badminton Aggrawal Cup, Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Australasia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara Cup, Thomas Cup
Tunku Abdulrahman Cup, Uber Cup, Yonex Cup etc.Sport: Basketball Basalat Jha Trophy, B.C. Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, S.M. Arjuna Raja Trophy, Todd memorial Trophy, William jones Cup, Bangalore Bules Challenge Cup, Nehru Cup, Federation Cup etc.Sport: Bridge Basalat Jha Trophy, Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy. etcSport: Polo Ezra Cup, Gold Cup, King’s Cup, Prithi Pal Singh Cup, RadhaMohan Cup, Winchester Cup etc.Sport: Athletics Charminar Trophy, Federation Cup etc.Sport: Air Racing Jawaharlal Challenge Trophy, King’s Cup, Schneider Cup etc.Sport: Billiards Arthur Walker Trophy, Thomas Cup etc.Sport: Boxing Aspy Adjahia Trophy, Federations Cup,Val Baker Trophy etc.Sport: Golf Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy, President ‘s Trophy, Prince of wales Cup, Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, Topolino Trophy, Walker Cup, World Cup etc.Sport: Ches sNaidu Trophy, Khaitan Torphy , Lin Are City Trophy, World Cup etc.Sport: Horse Racing Beresford Cup, Blue Riband Cup, Derby, Grand National Cup etc.Sport: Netbal lAnantrao Pawar Trophy etc.Sport: Rugby Football Bledisloe Cup, Calcutta Cup, Webb Ellis Trophy, etc.Sport: Shooting North Wales Cup, Welsh Grand Prix etc.Sport: Volleyball Centennial Cup, Federation Cup, and Indira Pradhan Trophy, Shivanthi Gold Cup, etc.Sport: Yatch Racing America Cup etc.
National Parks in India
1. Bandhavgarh National Park ( Madhya Pradesh)
2. Ranthambore National Park (Rajsthan)
3. Kaziranga National Park ( Assam)
4. Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)”.
5. Sundarbans National Park
6. Manas National Park (Assam)
7. Bandipur National Park ( Karnatka)
8. Sultanpur National Park ( Haryana)
9. Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal
10. Dudhwa National Park, U.P.
11. Bandipur & Nagarhole National Parks, Karnataka
12. Bhalukpong, Arunachal
13. Simplipal National Park, Orissa
14. Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
15. Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, Orissa
16. Namdhapha National Park, Arunachal
17. Velvadhar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Gujarat
18. Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
19. Dachigam National Park, J&K
20. The Great Himalayan National Park, H.P.
21. Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam
22. Milroy or Pabha Sanctuary, Assam
23. Nameri National Park, Assam
24. Pin Valley National Park, H.P.
25. Hemis High Altitude National Park, J&K.
Metals found in India at Major Level
1. Aluminium is found in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh , Maharastra ,Gujarat
2. Asbestos is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka3. Coal is found in Jharkhand, West Bengal ,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh ,Orissa,
Andhra Pradesh4. Diamonds are found in Madhya Pradesh ,Chttishgarh5. Marble is found in Rajasthan6. Mica is found is Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan7. Thorium is found in Kerala ,Tamil Nadu ,Andhra Pradesh8. Uranium is found in Kerala , Jharkhand9. Zinc is found in Rajasthan10.The reserves of lignite have been estimated as little over 37.15 billion tones as on 1
April 2005 out of which the major contributors is the lignite basins of Tamil Nadu.
Countries and their monuments
Country Name MonumentAustralia Opera House (Sydney)China The Great Wall of ChinaDenmark Kinder diskEgypt PyramidFrance Eiffel Tower (Paris)India The Taj Mahal (Agra)Italy Leaning Tower of PisaJapan Emperial PalaceMalaysia Tugu NegaraRussia Kremlin (Moscow)USA Statue of Liberty (New York)
Chief Election Commissioners of India1. Sukumar Sen: 21 March 1950 to 19 December 1958
2. Kalyan Sundaram: 20 December 1958 to 30 September 19673. S. P. Sen Verma: 1 October 1967 to 30 September 19724. Nagendra Singh: 1 October 1972 to 6 February 19735. T. Swaminathan: 7 February 1973 to 17 June 19776. S. L. Shakdhar: 18 June 1977 to 17 June 19827. R. K. Trivedi: 18 June 1982 to 31 December 19858. R. V. S. Peri Sastri: 1 January 1986 to 25 November 19909. V. S. Ramadevi: 26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990
10. T. N. Seshan: 12 December 1990 to 11 December 1996
11. M. S. Gill: 12 December 1996 to 13 June 200112. J. M. Lyngdoh: 14 June 2001 to 7 February 200413. T. S. Krishnamurthy: 8 February 2004 to 15 May 200514. B. B. Tandon: 16 May 2005 to 29 June 200615. N. Gopalaswami: 30 June 2006 to 20 April 200916. Navin Chawla: 21 April 2009 to 29 July 201017. S. Y. Quraishi: 30 July 2010 to 10 June 201218. V. S. Sampath: 10 June 2012 to incumbent