Kelompok Aplikasi Terdepan Cairan Ion Dalam Ilmu Polimerisasi

7/23/2019 Kelompok Aplikasi Terdepan Cairan Ion Dalam Ilmu Polimerisasi

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P_FL] POENGCGFB IOIDTLN

LZCBEL]B POT@OZLN MLBTLN BGN @LCLI BCI_ ZGCBIOTB]L]B

Zonflrlnf ;

Kblniob Cul# Aonf Rlnl# Kghn Poxtor

@btorkoilheln Gcoh ;

Lnnbsl Ehlcb`l :=


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Lpcbelsb Por`opln Mlbrln Bgn @lcli Bciu Zgcbior

Kblniob Cul# Aonf Rlnl# Kghn Poxtor

lEoy Cldgrltgry ga Grflnbm ]ynthosbs ga Kblnfsu Zrgvbnmo# ]mhggc ga Mhoibstry

ln` Mhoibmlc Onfbnoorbnf# ]uzhgu _nbvorsbty# ]uzhgu 4


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ylnf ron`lh `ln kufl sbalt egn`uetbvbtls bgnbe ylnf tbnffb. ]oclil dodorlpl

tlhun torlehbr# BC] toclh pgpucor `bfunleln sodlflb poclrut untue sbntosbs

grflnbe# eltlcbsbs# `ln kufl toclh `bfunleln untue lsio`bl prgsos oestrlesb U


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igcoeuc ron`lh U


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4.


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ionffunleln porslilln Qgfoc)Pliiln)Aucmhor (QPA" untue

pgcbocoetrgcbt;

@bilnl; ; egnùetbvbtls bgnbe

L ; aletgr aroeuonsb

P ; toiporltur

Pf ; fclss trlnsbtbgn toiporlturo

Ol ; onorfb letbalsb

]orupl ònfln pgcb(QÀ)HAZ"# BC foc kufl `bsblpeln

dor`lslreln mlbrln bgnbe `lrb


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Zgcbior soclbn pgcb (Q`A)HAZ" kufl toclh `btorlpeln untue

foclsb BC'pgcbior foc. Pbylpbdggnmhlbyl ot lc. dorhlsbc

ioiporsblpeln BC'pgcbior foc dor`lslreln pgcb)Uvbnycpyrrgcb`gno)

mg)(vbnbc lsotlt"Y (pgcb (QZ)m)QL"" `ln


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ocoetrgcbt pgcbior ionunkueeln oclstbsbtls soportb elrot `ln

egn`uetbvbtls ilesbiuinyl soebtlr


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bgnbe trlnsplrln `lplt `bdontue `onfln ibnbiui ?/ dorlt trbdcgme

egpgcbior. Bgnbe egn`uetbvbtls foc bgnbe `bporgcoh pl`l


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(pgcb (]t)mg)IIL"" `b UM4ibiY UNPa4Y# suhu CM]P konbs phlso

soplrltbgn untue pgcb (]t)mg)IIL"s ionurun `onfln ponbnfeltln

`lrb egipgsbsb ]t U08Y.

Dlru)dlru bnb# Cg`fo ioclpgreln porbcleu also cygtrgpbm `lrb

pgcb (


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cbplt# `ln igragcgfb trlnsbsb `lrb hgigfon iunmuc arletur

poriuelln untue lfcgiorlt duclt.

]odulh lpcbelsb ylnf slnflt dlru)dlru `lr BC ylnf ionfln`unf

foc sodlflb `bocoetrbe flto `lcli pgcbior trlnsbstgr abci tbpbs toclh

`bclpgreln U?


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`lcli BC bn sbtu. @onfln l`lnyl mrgss)cbnebnf lfont# ylnf `bhlsbceln

ZIIL ' BC ocoetrgcbt ionlipbceln sbalt oclstgior `ln

egn`uetbvbtls ylnf tbnffb (ml.


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Prlnsaor eocgipge pgcbiorbslsb IIL kufl toclh `bbcustrlsbeln

ionffunleln poclrut BC UZ


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egnùetbvbtls bgnbe ZIIL ' UOibiY UPA]BY foc ionfbeutb

porslilln QPA. Foc bgn dordlsbs BC ylnf slnflt egnùetba bnb

`bhlsbceln ionkl`b acoesbdoc `ln abci trlnsplrln. Hlsbc ylnf plcbnf

ionmgcge `bporgcoh U?8Y l`lclh dlhwl ngigr gporltgr tgtlc bgn foc

pl`l egipgsbsb tortontu iocodbhb nbclb ylnf `bporgcoh untue BC btu

son brb. Poiuln bnb ionfokuteln ionygrgtb pontbnfnyl

ionfoidlnfeln poilhliln bntorlesb absbe ylnf sposbabe lntlrl BC]

`ln pgcbior ponùeunf iltrbes `b ilnl BC] ylnf egipltbdoc.

Zgcbiorbslsb lnbgn stbronl pl`l BC] dlru)dlru bnb toclh

`bclpgreln U?2Y# `ln dodorlpl lspoe ioelnbstbe pgcbiorbslsb lnbgnbe

`bporbesl. Prbhoxyc (totrlòmyc" agsagnbui dbs (trbacugrgiothlno

sucagnbc" lib`l (UZ1# 1#1#


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4.=. Zgcbiorbslsb BC] torpgcbiorbslsb

Zgcbiorbslsb igngior pl`l BC] l`lclh strltofb clbn untue

ioiporsblpeln foc bgnbe. Eocgipge Ghng iocleueln sbntosbs

sorlnfelbln ocoetrgcbt pgcbior ònfln pgcbiorbslsb bgnbe dordlsbs

mlbrln igngior U1:)11Y. ]omlrl uiui# eocgipge vbnbc

pgcyiorbzldco egvlcon `bporeonlceln pl`l eltbgn ltlu (`ln" lnbgn

dlfbln `lrb mlbrln bgnbe. Zgcbiorbslsb pl`l suhu ylnf sosulb

ionfhlsbceln pgcbiorbslsb (ltlu mrgss)cbneo " foc bgnbe (Flidlr 4"

U11#16Y. Dordlflb sbstoi BC pgcyiorbzldco soportb pgcymltbgn)tbpo

BC] U1=Y# pgcylnbgn)tbpo BC] U14Y# egpgcbior U14Y# `ln pgcb

([wbttorbgn" U1=Y dlru)dlru bnb `bclpgreln. Nliun# egnùetbvbtls

bgnbe pgcbiorbslsb BC] uiuinyl ionurun kluh elronl dorflntunf

pl`l eoùl ocovlsb toiporltur trlnsbsb focls (Pf" `ln doreurlnfnyl

kuiclh bgn gaigdbco sotoclh egvlconbeltln `lrb bgn. Eorkl egipgnon

`b `lorlh bnb toclh `btbnklu gcoh Ghng U11Y. Zonffunlln struetur

erbstlc mlbr slnflt ionklnkbeln untue ion`lplteln porsblpln)

`bionsb ron`lh (lnbsgtrgpbe" dlhln aunfsbgnlc. Eocgipge Eltg

dlru)dlru bnb ioclpgreln sbntosbs sltu `bionsb bgn)egnùetba abci

pgcbior dor`lslreln pgcyiorbzldco egcuinlr mlbr erbstlc urutln

bgnbe mlbrln ylnf tor`brb `lrb bgn egnùesb `ln dlfbln bsgclsb

ngnbgnbe (]eoil 4" U18Y. Fufus bgnbe iorlebt `brb ionkl`b dlfbln

`lcli struetur egcuinlr ioclcub nlngsofrofltbgn `ln bntorlesb

ocoetrgstltbe `ln dontue hoeslfgnlc also egcuinlr CM lntlrl 4: `ln

?: M. ]truetur soklklr nlng dordlsbs BC dbsl `bportlhlneln ioclcub

pgcbiorbslsb mlbr erbstlc ionfhlsbceln abci pgcbior ylnf

ionflnùnf lnbsgtrgpbmlccy nlngmhlnnocs dorgrbontlsb. Abci

pgcbior ylnf `bporgcoh egnùetbvbtls bgnbe ionunkueeln lnbsgtrgpbm

egnùetbvbtls `bilnl soklklr ònfln suidu egcuinlr codbh tbnffb

`lrbpl`l ioroel ylnf tofle curus ònfln suidu egcuinlr.


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Abrostgno ot lc. dlru)dlru bnb ioclpgreln ponyusunln hb`rgfoc

erbstlc mlbr dorstruetur nlng ioclcub socalssoidcy `ln

phgtgpgcyiorbzltbgn `lrb mlbrln bgnbe lerbclt igngior liphbphbco#


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`lcli lceghgc# ylnf `bsortlb `onfln wlrnl dorudlh `lrb unfu

ionkl`b iorlh iu`l pumlt. Hlsbc bnb ionunkueeln tunbnf io`ln

kluh `lrb spoetrui pclsignbm oils nlngplrtbeoc gcoh porudlhln

poclrut)`bio`blsb `lcli onmlpsucltbnf iltrbes U6


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ylnf clbnnyl# elronl egnsontrlsb `bpgc tbnffb pgcb (mlbrln

bgnbe"s (Flidlr 0". ZBC bnb ioibcbeb pgtonsb gptbe

trlnsplrln ibmrgwlvo untue ionyorlp dlhln. ZBC kufl

`lplt `bfunleln untue ponyorlpln MG4. Tl`gsz ot lc.

dlru bnb ionunkueeln dlhwl eoclrutln MG4 `b pgcb

(pvbnycdonzyctrbiothyc lignbui totrlacugrgdgrlto" l`lclh

kluh codbh tbnffb `lrbpl`l ylnf `b pgcb (< ) (p)vbnycdonzyc"

)= ) iotbc)bib`lzgcbui totrlacugrgdgrlto"# ylnf ionunkue

eo oaoe eltbgn)konbs pl`l sorlpln MG4 `lcli pgcbiorbslsb

mlbrln bgnbe U6=Y. Ionffunleln prgportb bnb# gcoh elronl

btu# ZBC toclh dorhlsbc `bfunleln sodlflb ioidrln

poibslhln fls untue Zoibslhln MG4 U60Y.

Cu ot lc. dlru)dlru bnb ioclpgreln `oslbn agtgsonsbtba

iltorb sodlflb clpbsln eosoclrlsln erbstlc mlbr `bdlnfun

gcoh egpcbnf ZBC `ln unbt agtgsonsbtba# lzgdonzono

dorwlrnl kbnffl iotbc (IG"# dor`lslreln toengcgfb soca)

lssoidcy bgnbe (]eoil =" U6?Y. Dlhln pgcbior ylnf

ioiporgcoh bgn)beltln ionunkueeln slnflt gr`or tbnffb

struetur nlng pbpbh `ln agtgsonsbtbabtls. Hlsbc torsodut


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ionunkueeln dlhwl dlhln ZBCIG `lplt `bfunleln

sodlflb dlhln agtgsonsbtba `b dordlflb db`lnf pgtonsblc.

]odulh `yo ' pgcbocoetrgcbt slnflt sorupl ònfln bgnbe

egipcoes kufl toclh `bsbntosbs gcoh Dlzubn ot lc. gcoh

portuelrln bgn IG ònfln lceghgc pgcb (0)Qbnycpyrb`bno"

(Z0QZIo". Hlsbc egipcoes bgn `btunkueeln siomtbm L

gròrbnf `ln òfrl`lsb stldbc U61Y. Hlsbc bnb ionlwlreln

strltofb dlru untue òslbn dlhln aunfsbgnlc dor`lslreln

eoegipcoeslnnyl# ylnf tb`le iu`lh untue ionsbntosbs

gcoh bciu ebibl trl`bsbgnlc.

Nlngmrystlcs soibegnùetgr M`Po toclh `bfunleln

sodlflb agtgsonsbtbzor untue phgtgpgcyiorbzltbgn sultu

igngior lerbcbe `lcli egidbnlsb ònfln flrli gnbui#

hoxlacugrgphgsphlto `bphonycbg`gnbui# gcoh Nlelshbil

ot lc. U66Y. Zon`bnfbnln oibsb `ln stu`b ocoetrgebibl

ionfunfelpeln dlhwl pgcbiorbslsb `bprlelrslb gcoh

phgtgbnùmo` trlnsaor ocoetrgn `lrb M`Po nlngerbstlc eo

flrli `bphonycbg`gnbui. Egoabsbon doslr `ln oesbtlsb

uiur nlngmrystlcs M`Po dortlnffunf klwld untue trlnsaor

ocoetrgn ylnf oabsbon ònfln flrli `ln gnbui ylnf

oabsbon `ln phgtgpgcyiorbzltbgn ylnf moplt.

Zgcbiorbslsb BC] pgcyiorbzldco ionfhlsbceln

pgcbocoetrgcbt ylnf dblslnyl l`lclh pl`ltln tbtbe codur

tbnffb ltlu suhu òegipgsbsb. Nliun# dodorlpl elsus

ionfhlsbceln pgcbocoetrgcbt `bilnl pgcbior BC] btu

son brb. Rlnf portlil ebtl tlhu `bsbntosbs gcoh Tbmes)

Clsegseb `ln ]ngw (]eoil 0" U68Y. Ioroel dorolesb 4 )

Lsli lerbclib`g)4)iotbc)


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`ln `blwlcb ònfln LBDN ionfhlsbceln =# sodulh BC

pgcbior `ln kocls mlbr pl`l toiporltur elilr. Eounbeln

gesbotbconl libnl `lcli poidontueln eltbgn lignbui

sposbos egntrbdusb dlbe sbalt bgnbe `ln mlbr igngior `ln

pgcbior. Pho ocomtrgwottbnf `lrb eoùl igngior `ln

pgcbior toclh `btocbtb.

Clbnnyl# codbh dlru# mgntgh prgùesb mlbrln BC

pgcbior (BC ZBC" `lrb igngior BC roletba dor`lslreln

unòmyclmryclto bib`lzgcbui `bbcustrlsbeln `lcli ]eoil

? U62)8


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@b slipbnf untue eohb`upln pgcbiorbslsb lnbgnbe

dlru)dlru bnb ionunkueeln `lcli sbstoi poclrut BC#

rovorsbdco soeuonsblc pl`l poibn`lh rlntlb l``btbgn)

arlfiontlsb (TLAP" pgcbiorbslsb toclh `btunkueeln pl`l

dordlflb igngior BC.Eotbfl igngior ylnf dordlsbs

bib`lzgcbui l`lclh;

l. = ) (


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`ln dordlflb lnbgn ylnf ionfon`lcbeln eocgipge somlrl

eosocuruhln `ln `lyl clrut dcge. Bnb leln ionlrbe untue

ioiporsblpeln `ln ionfelrletorbslsb torigrovorsbdoc `ln

lnbgn egpgcbior `bdcgme rospgnsba# `b ilnl suhu `ln

egnsontrlsb bgn `lplt son`brbnyl ionfudlh eoclrutln dcge.

=. @lrb mlbrln bgn untue dlhln pgcbior dorpgrb

Zonfhbclnfln mlbrln bgnbe `lrb BC ' egipgsbt pgcbior l`lclh mlrl

soòrhlnl `ln iu`lh untue ioiporsblpeln pgcyiors dorpgrb.Zgcyiors ònfln

pgrgsbtls porilnon toclh `bdult gcoh Vbntortgn ot lc. Ioclcub pgcbiorbslsb bn sbtu

`b ponfhbclnfln mlbrln bgnbe `lrb BC ' egipgsbt pgcbior .Zgcbior ylnf `bhlsbceln

ionunkueeln ueurln pgrb lntlrl 42:)?6: ni.

Zgcyurol ònfln struetur dorpgrb oesgtbs toclh `bsbntosbs ònfln pgcbiorbslsb

lntlriuel lntlrl hoeslnl `ln sorlnfelbln


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Flidlr. ?. Flidlr ]OI pgcbior; (L" sotoclh `lrb pgcbiorbslsb ibergoiucsb

(BC)DA0#IIL#


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suraletln BC] roletba". Zgcbiorbslsb pl`l ibergoiucsb bnb `lplt ionfhlsbceln

suraletln roletba BC )IIL foc egpgcbior ylnf `lplt `budlh ionkl`b pgcbior

dorpgrb ònfln portuelrln lnbgn gcoh lnbgn `bsortlb suraletln igobty BC. Hlc btu

toclh `bsoduteln pl`l lehbr dlfbln torlehbr dlhwl ponyltuln lnbgn ZA1)

ionfbnùesb ònfln moplt kbel tb`le nlngcltoxos stldbc `begpgcbiorbslsbeln

ònfln drgib`l bib`lzlgcbui roletba egpgcbior ònfln suraletln BC. @onfln

Dr)`ln DA0 ylnf ionflnùnf foc# portuelrln bgn ònfln lnbgn ZA1)

ionyodldeln plslnfln lnbgn bib lzgcbui ionkl`b hb rgagdbe# ionuku eo

òegipgsbsb spbng`lc ylnf ionfudlh foc (soportb `bbcustrlsbeln pl`l Flidlr. ?

(L"" eo gpon)mocc `lcli dlhln dorpgrb. Prlnsagrilsb bnb pl`l `lslrnyl l`lclh

rovorsbdoc# soportb ylnf `btunkueeln ònfln ioron`li dlhln iberg `lcli :#< I

NlDr# `bilnl doreurlnfnyl `ln gplmbty `bbnùesb gplmbty pl`l `lslrnyl tordlcbe.

Gpon)mocc pl`l pgcbior dorpgrb bnb `lplt `budlh eoidlcb ionkl`b foc pgcbior

ònfln poron`liln `lcli poclrut grflnbe# soportb @I]G `ln @IA# `ln foc

pgcbior ylnf `bporgcoh `lplt `budlh eoidlcb codbh kluh eo pgcbior dorpgrb

ònfln mlrl ioron`linyl `lcli lbr (Flidlr ?". Zrgsos pgcbiorbslsb

ibergoiucsb ionfbnùesb ylnf slnflt rbnfln ònfln mrgss)cbnebnf ònfln

iocbdlteln eocgipge bib`lzgcbui# dlheln eotbel mrgss)cbneor tb`le l`l#ilel bnb

sonflkl `btlidlheln. Pln`l Mrgss)cbnebnf bnb pl`l sbstoi ùl also sohbnffl

ionflclib òegipgsbsb spbng`lc dgcle)dlcbe lntlrl foc `ln ònfln eol`lln soc

torduel dorpgrb. Prlnsbsb rovorsbdoc `bbcustrlsbeln pl`l Flidlr. ? `bporgcoh

ònfln ionffunleln OF@IL sodlflb igngior `btlidlheln 4/ dorlt rocltba

torhl`lp egipgnon clbnnyl.

_eurln pgrb pgcbior dorpgrb kufl `lplt `bsotoc ònfln ionyosulbeln

elnùnfln mrgss)cbneor `btlidlheln.]oilebn zlt mrgss)cbnebnf l`l `lcli

ibergoiucsb soilebn eombc ueurln pgrb rltl)rltl `lrb pgcbior dorpgrb Konbs

pgcbior dorpgrb ioibcbeb pgtonsb untue poidontueln klrbnfln# abctrlsb

lntbibergdl# ioidrln `bausb `lcli soc dlhln dlelr# `ln lpcbelsb pocoplsln

toreon`lcb `lcli ponfbrbiln ebibl.


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0. BC] `bùeunf

L`l ùl lrol lpcbelsb dlru pontbnf ylnf `bùeunf BC] `bùeunf.Ilslclh

portlil# ebtl ioibcbeb flrli mlbr bgnbe somlrl egvlcon `bhudunfeln ònfln

pgcbior pl`l poriuelln lngrflnbe ltlu plrtbeoc# sohbnffl ionùeunf flrli

grflnbe.@lcli sbstoi soportb elrletor `lrb flrli grflnbe BC `budlh sliplb dltls

tortontu# totlpb sorbnfelcb mbrb utlil `bportlhlneln.Lpcbelsb eoùl untue BC]

`bùeunf`b ilnl ioidrln pgcbior# iltrbes dorpgrb# plrtbeoc# ltlu duce iltorblc

ionyorlp sultu BC gcoh poclrutln ltlu torldsgrpsb `lrb BC `lcli iltrbes ilsbnf)

ilsbnf.

0.


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`lrbpl`l `b BC].

Dgurcbngs ònfln Fblnnocbs `ln roeln eorkl clbnnyl toclh

ionoiueln sodulh konbs dlru ylnf ionlrbe `lrb iltorb ylnf ebtl

sodut poclrut dodls nlngacub`s ltlu mlbrln suprligcoeuc.Nlngacub`l

`lplt `bòabnbsbeln sodlflb nlngplrtbeoc lngrflnbe# dlhln grflnbe#

ltlu hydrb`# `bilnl plrtbeoc poriuelln `baunfsbeln ònfln igcoeuc

ltlu gcbfgior# sohbnffl l`l dodorlpl rontlnf suhu pl`l `baunfsbeln

nlngacub`s tb`le l`lnyl ponlidlhln `lcli poclrut mlbr . Fblnnocbs

ot lc.ionunkueeln dlhwl eotbel poriuelln ionfaunfsbgnlcbslsbeln

nlngplrtbeoc ònfln flrli grflnbe# `b ilnl flrli torsodut

dorhudunfln ònfln flrli grflnbm BC# ilel leln `bporgcoh poclrut

mlbr dodls pl`l suhu elilr poriuelln egcgb . Mlbrln bnb

sodonlrnyl mlbrln bgnbe suprligcoeuc ònfln dordlflb konbs

egipgsbsb bntb. Lpcbelsb dorbeutnyl toclh `bageuseln pl`l

nlngplrtbeoc cuibnosmont [nG `ln pl`l oestonsb uiui tbnfelh cleu

BC torsodut untue nlngplrtbeoc cgfli .]lnflt dlru)dlru bnb

nlngplrtbeoc sbcbel toclh `big`babelsb ònfln ponlidlhln eocgipge

bsgthbgmylnlto eo konbs mlbrln bgnbe flrli grflnbe untue

ionfhlsbceln nlngacub`l ylnf ionfhbclnfeln u`lrl ònfln

ponlidlhln `bbsgmylnltos untue ionfhlsbceln clpbsln donbnf

trlnsplrln. Clpbsln donbnf `bhbclnfeln gcoh sbnlr _Q yln kufl toclh

`bporgcoh ònfln ionffunleln nlngacub`s BC pl`l poriuelln ylnf

`baunfsbeln ònfln eocgipge lerbclt. Kuiclh iltorblc dlru torsodut

`bhlrlpeln doreoidlnf# elronl aunfsbgnlcbslsb poriuelln ònfln

eocgipge `bvorsocy roletba soelrlnf clnfsunf ionffunleln

porolesb trblcegxysbcyc prgpbc)X `ln iotgò egnònslsb sgc)foc# `b

ilnl X dbsl ionkl`b slclh sltu `lrb eocgipge aunfsbgnlc roletba

ylnf torso`bl.


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0.4. Zonyorlpln BC]

]eoil 6.


29/47

ònfln igdbcbtls tbnffb `bsorlp `lcli wlaor ioidrln# egnùetbvbtls

prgtgn pun ionbnfelt `rlstbs.@lcli dltlsln aroeuonsb ylnf ron`lh

egnùetbvbtls prgtgn ionbnfelt poslt ònfln ionbnfeltnyl suhu..

Eotbel HZA1 `bsudstbtusbeln pl`l sltu oeubvlcon por igngior ylnf

sotlrl# oibebln pucl `bporgcoh egnùetbvbtls prgtgn tbnffb @lcli

sbstoi bnb su`lh `bporebrleln dlhwl lnbgn ZA1) ionfbelt ònfln

eult eo eltbgn bib lzgcbui# ionurunnyl io`ln pgtonsblc ylnf

ropucsba untue trlnspgrtlsb prgtgn ioclcub dlhln ioidrln. Hlc bnb

`bporebrleln dlhwl dlhln)dlhln torsodut leln ioidorbeln

eofunlln lctornltba dlfb acugrpgcyiors Nlabgn untue dlhln dlelr

pl`l soc ioidrln.

Flidlr. 1. Zrgtgn `ln egnùetbvbtls ocoetrgnbe pgcb (BC)LIZ]"sodlflb aunfsb `lrb aroeuonsb `ln suhu (pl`l flidlr sodoclh ebrb"

sodocui ponforbnfln ylnf oestonsba `lcli vleui `ln ònfln

ionyobidlnfeln :/ rh# (pl`l flidlr sodoclh elnln" sotoclhionlidlheln sltu oeubvlcon por BC)LIZ] soplslnf iultln

otbclignubi nbtrlt.

?. Zgcbiorbslsb Ocoetrgebibl `lcli BC]

Mlbrln bgnbe kufl sodlflb ocoetrgcbt ponùeunf ylnf bòlc dlfb fonorlsb

pgcbior ocoetrgebibl toregnkuflsb elronl stldbcbtls gesb`ltba `ln roùetba slnflt

dlbe# ylnf ioiunfebneln lesos eo pgtonsb tb`le `lplt `bso`bleln `lcli wbn`gw

ocoetrgebibl ylnf codbh eombc `lcli sbstoi poclrut ' igcoeuc ocoetrgcbt.

Nlu`bn ot lc. ionyltleln dlhwl gesb`lsb ocoetrgebibl = ) (0)acugrgaonbc"

tbgaonl (AZP" `lcli


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sucagnbc" lib`l iurnb `ln


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doreoidlnf pl`l poclrut egnvonsbgnlc ' sbstoi ocoetrgcbt. ]oclbn btu# rolesb

ocoetrgpgcbiorbslsb b BC] `lplt bliltb eoeontlclnnyl `ln eurlnf egnùetba

sohbnffl `lplt ionfhlsbceln abci hlcus .Zoibcbhln BC ioibcbeb ponflruh ylnf

pl`l pl`l ro`ges ebibl `lrb pgcbior egnùetba ylnf `bporgcoh. Zonffunlln

pyrrgcb`bnbui ylnf ionfhlsbceln konbs ylnf so`bebt hlcus# pl`lt `ln culs

poriuelln ocoetrgletba ron`lh pl`l abci pgcythbgphono `bdln`bnfeln `lrb lnlcgf

bib`lzgcbui.

Zgcbiorbslsb bntoralmo pgcbior egnùetba `lcli BC'bntoralmo lbr iorupleln

sudkoe ylnf rocltba dlru. Dlru)dlru bnb Flg ot lc. ioclpgreln sbntosbs pgcblnbcbn

(ZLNB" ZL@L nlngplrtbeoc (ònfln dordlflb ueurln =:)8: ni" `b UDIBIY

UZA1Y ' bntoralmo lbr gcoh gesb`lsb lnbcbn ònfln elcbui porgesb`bsucalt sodlflb

gesb`ln.Zrbnfco èe. portlil elcb ioclpgreln ocoetrgpgcbiorbslsb bntoralmo `lrb

Zpys ònfln igragcgfb dlru pl`l lbr'bntoralmo


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`lcli mlbrln bgnbm poclrut# eudbsl ioidorbeln flidlrln sbnfelt slnflt dlru

eoilkuln tgpbe bnb.

1.


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ionffunleln mlbrln bgnbe ylnf clrut `lcli lbr (V]BCs" sodlflb io`bl

rolesb untue pgcbiorbslsb rl`belc ibergwlvo.Zonffldunfln BC] eo `lcli

pgcbiorbslsb ionunkueeln prgabc poilnlsln codbh oabsbon `b dlwlh

focgidlnf iberg brl`bltbgn `bdln`bnfeln ònfln tlnpl BC].

Eltlcbs ylnf plcbnf uiui `bfunleln untue LPTZ# soportb Mu (B"

hlcb`l# ylnf clrut `b `lcli dordlflb ilmli mlbrln bgnbe.Gcoh elronl btu#

mlbrln bgnbe toclh dorhlsbc `bfunleln sodlflb poclrut untue LPTZ. Zormom

ot lc. docui clil bnb ioclpgreln oaoe eltlcbtbe mlbrln bgn pl`l

pgcbiorbslsb rl`belc hbùp IIL.@btoiuelnnyl lesocorlsb `rliltbs `lrb

pgcbiorbslsb rl`belc ylnf hbùp `lcli mlbrln bgnbe.Eomopltln eohbùpln

pgcbiorbslsb rl`belc ioiportlhlneln oabsbonsb lwlc `lrb


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1.4. Mlbrln bgnbe untue pgcbiorbslsb bgnbe

Zgclrbtls ylnf tbnffb `ln eoilipuln untue ioclruteln dordlflb

ilmli sonylwl grflnbe `ln bgn eo tbnfelt ylnf mueup ioidult poclrut

mlbrln bgnbe poclrut dlfb bgnbm prgsos pgcbiorbslsb._ntue portlil elcbnyl#

IlmAlrclno ot lc. ioclpgreln pgcbiorbslsb eltbgnbe ylnf hb`up stbronl

`bcleueln `lcli UZ


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1.=. ]bntosbs plrtbeoc pgcbior `lcli mlbrln bgnbe

Mlbrln bgnbe ionlwlreln eoiunfebnln dlru sodlflb slrlnl untue

ioiprgùesb plrtbeoc pgcbior ònfln pgcbiorbslsb `bsporsb. Ibslcnyl#

]mhudort ot lc.# _ntue portlil elcbnyl ionòignstrlsbeln dlhwl V]BCs

`lplt `bfunleln sodlflb lfon stldbcbslsb `lcli sbntosbs pgcbior dol`

ònfln pgcbiorbslsb susponsb#ylnf `bsodldeln sbalt poriuelln letba.

_eurln rltl)rltl pgcbior dol` `lplt dorvlrblsb `lrb ilerg eo selcl nlng

ònfln ionyosulbeln egnsontrlsb `ln plnklnf sbsb rlntlb lcbaltbe `lrb

mlbrln bgnbe `lcli also susponso mlbr. Culs poriuelln dol`s kufl dbsl

$`bsosulbeln$ ònfln egidbnlsb poidontueln pgrb `ln V]BC ylnf

`bfunleln sodlflb dlhln stldbcbslsb soclil sbntosbs.

Clrutln mlbr BC `bfunleln `lplt `bromgvor `ln `bfunleln eoidlcb

untue iocrolesbeln rolesb ylnf codbh clnkut. Ibnlib ot lc. dorhlsbc

ionoiueln ueurln sudibergn igng`bsporso pl`l plrtbeoc pgcbstbron

igng`bsporso ònfln `bsporsb pgcbiorbslsb stbronl `lcli mlbrln bgnbe# N#

N)`botbc)N)iotbc)N)(4)iotgesbotbc" lignbui dbs (trbacugrgiothlno)

sucagnbc" bib o (U@OIOY UPA]BY " ònfln pgcb (vbnbc pbrgcb gn" (ZQZ"

sodlflb stldbcbsltgr. _eurln plrtbeoc ionbnfelt ònfln ponurunln

egnsontrlsb ZQZ `ln ponbnfeltln egnsontrlsb stbronl. @onfln

Ioilnallteln eountunfln `lrb ngn)vgcltbcbtls `ln stldbcbtls torilc `lrb

mlbrln bgn# plrtbeoc pgcbstbron kufl `lplt `bdult ònfln pgcbiorbslsb torilc

tlnpl l`lnyl bnbtbltgr rl`belc pl`l suhu


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ilsbnf)ilsbnf plrtbeoc pgcb (torthbgphono" `ln pgcb (pbrgc".

]odulh porudlhln ionòeltb poclrut untue `bsbntosbs pphonycono

vbnycono (ZZQ" plrtbeoc ylnf dlru)dlru bnb `bunfelpeln `ln iotgò bnb

`brbnfels `lcli Flidlr. 6. ]odulh :.4 ifiC )< sgcusb `lrb proeursgr ZZQ

(pgcb Up)xbconl totrlhy`rgthbgphonbui ecgrb`lY" `lcli lbr somlrl porclhln

`btlidlheln eo ùl dlfbln BC# ylbtu U@OIIOLY UDA0Y.Lbr bnb eoiu`bln

`bulpeln pl`l toelnln ron`lh `ln suhu tbnffb.BC l`lclh poclrut durue

untue proeursgr ZZQ `ln `lplt ioidontue plrtbeoc duclt sodlflb lebdlt

ponurunln egnsontrlsb lbr.]lipoc torsodut eoiu`bln `beorbnfeln `lcli

egn`bsb vleui untue ionfhbclnfeln lbr `ln ionfbnùesb poidontueln

plrtbeoc# soportb BC l`lclh poclrut durue untue ZZQ proeursgr. ]usponsb

plrtbeoc ZZQ promursgr bnb eoiu`bln `bplnlseln sliplb 40: M soclil 8

kli# `ln plrtbeoc proeursgr `begnvorsb eo plrtbeoc ZZQ# torsusponsb `lcli

BC. Hlsbc lehbr ueurln plrtbeoc ylnf `bporgcoh l`lclh =0: 6: ni.

Flidlr. 6. Zrgsos poidontueln nlngplrtbeoc ZZQ. Zrgsos rolesb `lrb

ZZQ ylnf iorupleln egnvorsb lwlc `lrb ZZQ# `ln agtg)agtg `bsporsb

nlngplrtbeoc `lcli mlbrln bgnbe sodocui `ln sosu`lh thorilc

lnnolcbnf.

6. Egipgsbt

]bntosbs tordlru `lrb gno)pgt ònfln iocleueln egipgsbt nlngplrtbeoc


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cgfli iucbl pgcbior ylnf `beoidlnfeln gcoh Zrbnfco èe# dor`lslreln

ponffunlln cgfli iucbl `lcli clrutln BC ylbtu sodlflb gesb`ltgr. @lcli

ponòeltln bnb# flrli oils ltlu porle# soportb oils ecgrb`l `ln porle nbtrlt# ylnf

sgcudbcbzo` `lcli BC]# ylbtu UOtIoBiY Uta4NY# `ln pgcbiorbslsb igngior bgn

cgfli gesb`ltba soportb pbrgc `ln torthbgphono# soportb ylnf `bkoclseln

sodocuinyl. Egipgsbt ylnf `bporgcoh# soportb ylnf `blnlcbsl gcoh POI pl`l

slipoc `bùeunf pl`l toidlfl clmoy elrdgn frb`# pl`l pgcb (pbrgc" ' oils ylnf

tor`brb ?)


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untue ionfhlsbceln dlhln dorpgrb dlru ylnf ioibcbeb eosln tbfl `bionsb nofltba

`lrb also toipclto. @lcli lpcbelsb torelbt# egpgcbior iberg `ln nlngpgrgus BC)Dr

`ln IIL `bprgùesb gcoh pgcbiorbslsb ibergoiucsb `ln lnbgn oxmhlnfo)bnùmo`

òegipgsbsb spbng`lc ylnf `bhlsbceln `lr foc dbmgntbnugus ylnf # ilsbnf)ilsbnf

`bponuhb ònfln oils `ln sbcbel# `ln eoiu`bln pyrgcyzo` untue ionfhlsbceln

also lngrflnbe ibergpgrgus `ln nlngpgrgus. Elronl suraletln roletba BC BC)DA0

(]eoil ?" dorolesb untue ioidontue egpgcbior torilc# `ln portuelrln lnbgn

ònfln hoxlacugrgphgsphlto untue ionbnfelteln stldbcbtls torilc egpgcbior#

pbrgcbsbs pl`l suhu 8:: M `bporcueln untue ionfhbclnfeln soiul also

egpgcbior toipclto. Hlsbc bnb porgco h`lrb sbcbel nlngpgrgus `bporgcoh ylnf `b

bcustrlsbeln pl`l Flidlr. 8.

Flidlr. 8. Nlngpgrgus ]bG4 `bmgntgheln pgrgus pgcyiorhb`rgtorilc pl`l

4:: ni `bporgcoh ibergoiucsb `lrb pgcbiorbslsb egpgcbior BC)Dr'IIL

`bbeutb ònfln òegipgsbsb spbng`lc `lrb foc ylnf `bhlsbceln.

8. Eosbipucln

Zonffunlln mlbrln bgnbe `lcli bciu pgcbior toclh doreoidlnf `lrb

ponffunlln sodlflb poclrut `ln dorageus pl`l ponffunlln mlbrln bgn sodlflb

l`btba aunfsbgnlc untue rlntlb pgcbior ltlu dlhln hbdrb`l. Aunfsb bnb iunfebn

elronl eoclrutln igngior `lrb BC# ònsbtls iultln `lrb dlhln ylnf `bhlsbceln#

ltlu elronl igdbcbtls `lslr `lrb BC# soportb pl`l dlhln hbdrb`l.

Lpcbelsb lwlc ylnf slnflt ionlrbe untue ponffldunfln igngior BC eo

pgcbior toclh ùiuieln# tlpb dordlflb eoiunfebnln struetur BC# kluh codbh doslr


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`lrbpl`l sokluh bnb toclh `boespcgrlsb. Gcoh elronl btu elib dorhlrlp dlnyle

ponlidlhln fufus ylnf dorlfli untue `lplt `bsbntosbs `lcli poidultln

pgcbior dlru ònfln sbalt ionlrbe.

Zgcbior dorpgrb ionfhlsbceln rolesb rovorsbdoc `ln ponffldunfln

pgcbior nlngpgrgus ònfln igngior BC ionunkueeln dlnyle lpcbelsb iltorblc

dlru `b db`lnf ylnf so`lnf doreoidlnf soportb dltorlb `ln dlhln dlelr

ioidrln soc dlhln dlelr. Elib dorhlrlp b tb`le torclcu clil sodocui ebtl kufl

iocbhlt foc aboc`)rospgnsba `ln dlhln dorpgrb# elronl eocgipge bgnbe pon`lnt

hlrus slnflt sonsbtba torhl`lp io`ln cbstrbe ylnf `btlidlhelnpl`l poclrut `ln

rlnfslnfln clbnnyl.

]oiontlrl kuiclh lpcbelsb BC] sodlflb pgcbior ylnf `bùeunf BC] ylnf

ilsbh eombc# eofunlln lwlcnyl pl`leltlcbsbs# nlngacub`s# `ln egnùetbvbtls

ioidrln prgtgn ylnf slnflt sbfnbabeln. Elib dorhlrlp untue iocbhlt

poreoidlnfln dlru `ln sbfnbabeln `b `lorlh bnb# torilsue ponòeltln dlru untue

ionstldbceln `bsporsb ionffunleln slidunfln BC] `ln ylnf torl`sgrpsb eo

poriuelln plrtbeoc# ponòeltln dlru untue pgcbior pclstbmbzbnf# `ln konbs dlru

`lrb klrbnfln pgcbior slcbnf# `bilnl slclh sltu egipgnon l`lclh BC ZBC. Elib

dorhlrlp `lorlh pl`l nlngacub`s dodls poclrut# `b ilnl BC aunfsbgnlcbslsb

poriuelln ionfhlsbceln eocls dlru `lrb suprligcoeuc BC] suprligcoeuc#

tuiduhònfln moplt `lcli wletu òelt# `l elib dorhlrlp soportb BC ioipunylb

eocls dlru ylnf ioibcbeb dorlfli rosbn `ln dlhln hbdrb`l.

Lpcbelsb BC sodlflb io`bl sbntosbs ocoetrgebibl `bhlrlpeln torus tuiduh

`lcli kuiclh dlnyle soionkle `bporculs pgtonsblc wbn`gw ylnf torso`bl ylnf

`bdln`bnfeln ònfln poclrut `ln ibergoiucsb tortontu.

_mlpln Porbil Elsbh

_mlpln Porbil Elsbh pl`l poidultln kurnlc bnb ylnf bùeunf sodlfbln

gcoh _] Lriy Plne)Gtgigtba `ln Zorklnkbln Eorklslil Zorlcltln Zorlnf

Egiln`g Zorklnkbln Eorklslil Ng @LL@


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eoulnfln ylnf `bdorbeln gcoh Nlturlc ]mbonmo Agun`ltbgn ga Mhbnl (Ng

4:.660.:1=# 4:.860.:6


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Toaoronmos

U


42/47

U40Y Mhon [# Cb A# Rlnf H# Rb P# Hulnf M. L thorigstldco ln` cgnf)toristldco bgnbm)cbqub`)dlsofoc ocomtrgcyto agr oaabmbont yo)sonsbtbzo` sgclr moccs. Mhoi Zhys Mhoi 4::658;


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U06Y Ng l L# Vltlnldo I. Hbfhcy mgn`umtbvo pgcyior ocomtrgcytos proplro` dy bn sbtupgcyiorbzltbgn ga vbnyc igngiors bn rggi toiporlturo igcton slcts. Ocomtrgmhbi Lmtl

4:::50?;


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U6


45/47

U12Y Dltrl @# Hly @NP# Abrostgno IL. Agriltbgn ga l dbgibiotbm# cbqub`mrystlccbno hy`rgfoc dysoca)lssoidcy ln` pgcyiorbzltbgn ga ln bgnbm cbqub`. Mhoi Iltor 4::65


46/47

U2:Y Dgurcbngs LD# Mhgw`hury ]T# Horrorl T# Kblnf @@# [hlnf \# Lrmhor CL# ot lc.Aunmtbgnlcbzo` nlngstrumturos wbth cbqub )cbeo dohlvbgr; oxpln`bnf tho flccory ga lvlbcldco

nlngstrumturos. L`v Aunmt Iltor 4::?5


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U

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