Keeping Your Body Healthy - Cardiovascular System - Lesson 19 p.208.

Keeping Your Body Healthy- Cardiovascular System -

Lesson 19p.208

Goals/Objectives

• Identify parts and functions of the cardiovascular system.

• Identify behaviors to keep your cardiovascular system healthy.

Key Terms• Cardiovascular system• Nervous system• Immune system• Respiratory system• Skeletal system• Muscular system• Endocrine system• Digestive system• Integumentary system• Urinary system

Body Systems

• Your body is made up of cells, tissues, and organs that form body systems.

• A cell is the smallest living part of the body.• An organ is a body part consisting of several

kinds of tissue that do particular jobs.• A body system is a group of organs that work

together to perform a main body function.

Cardiovascular System

• The body system that transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body is the cardiovascular system.

• consists of the blood, blood vessels, and the heart

Blood• Your blood carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon

dioxide, and cellular waste products to and from your body cells.

• Average sized adult has about 10 pints of blood• Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells

– Plasma is the liquid component of blood (about 95% water)

– Plasmas contains red and white blood cells and particles called platelets

– Platelets helps the blood clot to stop bleeding when vessels are injured

White vs Red Blood Cells

• Red blood cells transport oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide from body cells.– Contains hemoglobin (iron-rich protein that helps

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood).– New cells are constantly produced in bone marrow

• White blood cells attack, surround, and destroy pathogens that enter the body and prevents infection.– Pathogen is a germ that causes disease– Number of white cells increases with an infection

Blood Vessels

3 major types of blood vessels: •Arteries •Veins •Capillaries

Blood Vessels

Artery

Artery Cross Section

Layer of cells

Connective tissueSmooth muscle

Arteries

• Artery carries blood away from the heart• Have thick muscular walls that move blood

between heartbeats• Coronary artery supplies nutrients and oxygen

to the heart muscle• Pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart

to the lungs, where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Veins & Capillaries

• Veins return blood to the heart• Have thinner walls than arteries

• Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.

• Have thin walls that allow the transfer of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste between blood and body cells

Blood Vessels

Capillary

Capillary Cross Section

Single layer of cells

Vein

Layer of cells

Connective tissueSmooth muscle

Vein Cross Section

FYI - Anemia• Anemia is a condition in which the amount of

hemoglobin in the body, and the number of red blood cells that carry it, fall below normal.

• This causes the body to get less oxygen, which can lead to feelings of fatigue, weakness, loss of concentration, and dizziness, as well as more serious symptoms.

• Anemia can affect anyone, but people with kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease are at the highest risk.

Heart

• A 4-chambered muscle that continually pumps blood throughout the body.

• Atria are the 2 upper chambers• 2 lower chambers are ventricles• divided into the right atrium & ventricle and

the left atrium & ventricle

4) Right Ventriclepumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

3) Right Atriumreceives blood from the body that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.

The Heart

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1) Vena cavamajor vessel from upper

body to heart

2) Pulmonary veins from lung to heart

5) Aorta carries blood from the

left ventricle to all parts of the body.6) Pulmonary artery carries blood from heart to lungs

7) Pulmonary veins from lung to heart

8) Left Atriumoxygen-rich blood is carried from the lungs to the left atrium.

9) Left Ventriclepumps oxygen-rich blood from the heart through Aorta to the body.

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1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Left ventricle

Left atrium

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Heart Rate

• Heart rate is the # of times the heart contracts each minute.

• Pulse is the surge of blood that results from the contractions of the heart.

• Blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls.

•Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.

Measuring Blood Pressure

•Normal Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading is considered normal if it falls within the range of 90/60 to 119/79.

•Low Blood Pressure Blood pressure lower than 90/60 is considered to be low blood pressure.

•High Blood Pressure A person whose blood pressure is consistently 140/90 or greater has high blood pressure, or hypertension.

How to Keep Your Cardiovascular System Healthy

• Reduce the amount of fat in your diet• Reduce the amount of salt in your diet• Exercise regularly to strengthen your heart

muscles• Avoid using tobacco products because they

increase blood pressure• Maintain a healthful weight• Practice stress-management skills

Heart Disease

• The most common type is coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD)

• With age, coronary arteries lose their elasticity and harden (arteriosclerosis).– Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of deposits within

the coronary arteries.– The diameter of the arteries decreases, restricting and

blocking blood flow of blood to the heart– Effects of atherosclerosis on coronary arteries results

in CAD

Heart Disease - Cholesterol

• Excess cholesterol is deposited in arteries• As flow of blood to the heart is restricted, the

heart’s ability to pump effectively is reduced.– Angina – a person may feel pain in the chest, left

shoulder, and left arm. – Can result in heart attack– Some of heart muscle tissue actually dies from

lack of blood

Heart Disease – Symptoms of CAD

• Can range from not having any symptoms or discomfort to shortness of breath and fatigue, or to mild to severe chest pain

CAD – Risk Factors• Risk factors for CAD include:

– Age– Family history of heart disease– High blood cholesterol– Smoking– High blood pressure– Diabetes– Overweight/obesity– Physical inactivity

• CAD is the leading cause of death for both men and women in America today.– More than 13 million suffer

Questions

1. What is the function of blood?2. What is a red blood cell?3. What is the function of a white blood cell?4. What are the important differences between

the 3 major types of blood vessels?5. How does oxygen get into the blood?