Kebay da Didebay KarTvelTay da KarTvelTa Enisay

cfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbc [tkyfothsf bycnbnenb

mesfbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnbc lbfktmnjkjubbc bycnbnenb

mt,fmt,fmt,fmt,fmt,fòòòòò lf lblt,flf lblt,flf lblt,flf lblt,flf lblt,fòòòòòmfhsekbcf tybcfmfhsekbcf tybcfmfhsekbcf tybcfmfhsekbcf tybcfmfhsekbcf tybcfòòòòò

~mt,fò mfhsdtksfò lf mfhsdtksf tybcfò`

@ _ _ _@ _ _ _@ _ _ _@ _ _ _@ _ _ _

itvlutytk-htlfmnjhb

NFHBTK AENRFHF'TNFHBTK AENRFHF'TNFHBTK AENRFHF'TNFHBTK AENRFHF'TNFHBTK AENRFHF'T

vflkj,fc de'qdybs5

mtstdfy ,fmhf mtstdfy ,fmhf mtstdfy ,fmhf mtstdfy ,fmhf mtstdfy ,fmhf'''''tctctctctc

ktkf ifsbhbidbkc ktkf ifsbhbidbkc ktkf ifsbhbidbkc ktkf ifsbhbidbkc ktkf ifsbhbidbkc

ktkf [fzfgehb ktkf [fzfgehb ktkf [fzfgehb ktkf [fzfgehb ktkf [fzfgehb'''''tctctctctc

ybrj [ewbidbkc ybrj [ewbidbkc ybrj [ewbidbkc ybrj [ewbidbkc ybrj [ewbidbkc

c t. futkaraZe

i b y f f h c b

itvlutytk-htlfmnjhbcfufy-------------------------5

sfdb 6 3mt,f~c4 [tkyfotht,b-------------------------*

sfdb 66 3mt,f~c4 itcofdkbc bcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b------------------------------------%!

sfdb 666 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnjkjubeh-ctvfynbrehb fyfkbpbc cfrbs[t,b---------------------------^(

sfdb 6| 3mt,f~c4 lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc fdnjhbc cfrbs[b----------------*%

sfdb | 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f~c4 vb[tldbs----------------------------(%

lfyfhsb5

f8 3mt,f~c4 sfhuvfyt,b----------------------------!!*

,8 cfufkj,tkb-------------------------------------!!(

g8 ,b,kbjuhfabf----------------------------------!@#

obuybc itvlutytk-htlfmnjhbcufy

fhmtjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,b w[fl.jac7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjc

nthbnjhbfpt vfqfkb reknehbc vmjyt cf[tkvobaj ]th

rbltd %))) okbc oby eylf fhct,ekb.j9 vbcb wtynhb mfhskib

bdfhfelt,f8

fbtnbc7 vtltfcf lf facbhntc itcf[t, ktutylt,b vbesbst,ty7

hjv mfhsdtksf 'kbthb cf[tkvobaj ~wtynhbs erdt cfv[hts-

lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib` #%)) okbc obyfs vtpj,tksfsdbc

pqfghek mdt.fyfc ofhvjflutylf888

xdtyb vtvfnbfytyb 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 vtatt,bc pecn

fsdkfc mhbcntvlt 666 cfereytib vjqdfot lblb vtabs 2

afhyfdfpbs bo.t,ty8

.jdtkb thbc idbkt,b sfdbfysb mdt.ybc ofhcekib7 fov.jcf

se vjvfdfkib t't,ty vij,tkb thbc uf,ho.byt,bc gthbjlc

se vbcbfc7 f.fkb,t,ty vtcbfybcneh cekbcrdtst,fc888

vtcbfybpvbc jhudfh cf[tpt itudb'kbf dbkfgfhfrjs5 thsb

jhbtynbht,ekbf fvmdt.ybeh ~fov.jcvbth` 'fkfeakt,fpt lf7

vtnobkfl7 fuhtcbekb [lt,f7 vtjht rb uf,ho.byt,fc qdsbeh

~mhbcntcvbth` vjvfdfksfy frfdibht,c8

fuhtcbekb 3vtcbfybpvb4 fhfbidbfsfl .dtkf [th[bs wlbkj,csdbsufy[jhwbtkt,fc lf fv lhjc ltlfvbofpt ifd,ytkb jvt,bc

[fyf bcflueht,c ~b[87 vfufkbsfl7 afibpvbc7 rjveybpvbcf lf

c[df cf[bc bltjkjubt,b7 hjvkt,bw 'kbthb mdt.yt,bc fv,bwbt,ibhtfkbplt,f [jkvt`8

cfvjvfdkj vtcbfybpvb cekbth cbvfqktc tae'yt,f lfufycfpqdhfdc rbltw vfc8

mfhsdtkehb vtcbfybpvbc itvjmvtlyb fsdkfc ijhtekbofhcekblfy bo.t,lyty lf vfhflbek lblt,fc vjvfdfkib

[tlfdlyty8 xdtytekb vtcbfybcnehb bltf vfhskvflblt,kj,bcztivfhbn cfpqdht,c fhfcjltc ufcwbkt,bf7 hflufyfw mfhsdtkb

vjqdfotyb xdtyb thbc qdsbeh uf,ho.byt,fc v[jkjlufvjw[flt,bc ;fvc erfdibht,lyty888

obyfvlt,fht rht,ekb mhbcnbfyj,bcf lf mfhsdtksfufmhbcnbfyt,bc @))) okbcsfdc t'qdyt,f8 vfcib ofhvjlutybkbfmfhsekb vtcbfybcnehb sdfksf[tldbs itmvybkb egbhdtktcbmvybkt,bc 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~c4 [tkyfotht,b7sfhuvfyt,b7 itcofdkbc bcnjhbf7 ntmcnbc fyfkbpb7 mfhsdtksfbcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b7 cfufkj,tkb7 ,b,kbjuhfabf ~ufhtrfyptfq,tzlbkbf lfdfsbc cntkbc fqlutybkb ahfuvtynb7 [jkjvt-% lf !!%-t udthlt,pt ofhvjlutybkbf bjdfyt-pjcbvtc

yf[fnt,b`8

yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5

6 sfdb 2 kbkb [tdcehbfyb6 sfdb 2 kbkb [tdcehbfyb6 sfdb 2 kbkb [tdcehbfyb6 sfdb 2 kbkb [tdcehbfyb6 sfdb 2 kbkb [tdcehbfyb

66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk aenrfhf66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk aenrfhf66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk aenrfhf66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk aenrfhf66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk aenrfhf'''''ttttt

sfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf, rbryfsfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf, rbryfsfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf, rbryfsfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf, rbryfsfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf, rbryf'''''ttttt

cfufkj,tkb 2 bjct, rtzf.vfcfufkj,tkb 2 bjct, rtzf.vfcfufkj,tkb 2 bjct, rtzf.vfcfufkj,tkb 2 bjct, rtzf.vfcfufkj,tkb 2 bjct, rtzf.vf'''''ttttt

v[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkbv[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkbv[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkbv[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkbv[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkb

Tavi ITavi ITavi ITavi ITavi I

`qeba~s” xelnawerebi`qeba~s” xelnawerebi`qeba~s” xelnawerebi`qeba~s” xelnawerebi`qeba~s” xelnawerebi

qeba~~~~~ò da dideba~~~~~ò qarTulisa enisa~~~~~ò

moslvisa misisa sawamebelad, ra~Ta yovelsa

da ese ena~ò mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa

da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman,

ese arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTa~.

da megobroba~ amisTÊs Tqua, viTarmed yoveli

da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTÊs Tqua

daviT winawarmetyuelman, rameTu `weli aTasi

da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa xolo

da ityÊs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,

da ese ars oTxi dRð;

da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTÊs mis Tanave

dafluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta.

da ese ena~,ò Semkuli da kurTxeuli

saxeliTa uflisa~Ta, mdabali da dawunebuli,

moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa uflisasa.

da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti

weli umetðs sxuaTa enaTa qristðs moslviTgan

da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed

warmogiTxar _ ese wili anbanisa~.

1. Sin 34-bc ahfuvtynb7 fv;fvfl lfwekbf hectsbc thjdyekb,b,kbjstrbc ,th'yek [tkyfothsf rjktmwbfib Gr.VII,6r.\ c-bc ief okt,b8 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fdnjuhfab8

qebaÁ qarToÂlisa enisaÁ lcyT a~n

damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaY mZi nare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqKan da axalman nino moaqcia da he ne dedofalman ese arian orni dani v~a mariam da marTaY da megobrobaY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumloY amas enasa S~a damarxul ars: da oTxisa dRisa mk~dari amisTKs Tq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRGda sax~rebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTGssa werili zis r~l asoY ars da ityKs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: da ese ars oTxi dRG da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTKs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTada ese enaY Semkuli da k~xli saxeliTa o~isYTa mdabali da dawuneb~li moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswa ulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTx meti weli umetGs sxaTa enaTa q~es mosl~viTg~n v~e dRemmmde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmo giTxar asi ese weli anbanisaY

> l~cyT a~n

qeba~ qarTulisa enisa~ l~cyT a~n

dddddamarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R@n amxilos amiT eniTa ddddda ese ena~ mZi nare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqAan da axalman nino moaqcia da he ne dedofalman ese arian orni dani v@a mariam da marTa~ddddda megobroba~ amisTAs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumlo~ amas enasa S~a damarxul ars: ddddda oTxisa dRisa mk~dari amisTAs Tq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRAddddda sax~rebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTYssa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ityAs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: ddddda ese ars oTxi dRY d d d d da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa ~ Taddddda ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xli saxeliTa o~is~Ta mdabali da dawuneb~li moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswa ulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTx meti weli umetYs sxaTa enaTa q~es mosl~viTg~n v~e dRemmmde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmo giTxar asi ese weli anbanisa~

> l~cyT a~n >

2. Sin,38, 144 r, 979 o88 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fdnjuhfab

sx~liTa R~YTaqeb~Á da db~Á qarToylisa enis~Y l~c yT

damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaY mZinarG ars dResamomde:daa saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazarG [h]rqKan: da axalman nino moaqcia [da] helene dedofalman: ese ari an orni dani v~a mariam da marTaY:da megobrobaY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumloY amas enasa Sina damarxu ars: da oTxisa dRisa mku dari amisTKs Tq~a daviT ww~yelman r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRGda sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa

x~ maTGssa werili zis r~l asoY arsda ityKs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsada ese ars oTxi dRG da oTxisa dRisamkudari amisTKs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTa

da ese enaY Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeliTa o~isaYTa mdabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswauladese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmetiweli umetGs sxuaTa enaTa q~es

moslviTgan v~e dResamomde:da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed

warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~Y>

> l~c yT w~no R~isno l~c yT > a~n>

sx~liTa R~~Taqeb~~ da d~b~ qarTulisa enis~~l~cyT

dddddamarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa ddddda ese ena~ mZinarÀ ars dResamomde:ddddda saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazaYr [h]rqAan: ddddda axalman nino moaqcia

[da] helene dedofalman: ese arian orni dani v~a mariam da marTa~:

ddddda megobroba~ amisTAs Tq~a v~dy~li saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinadamarxu ars: ddddda oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs Tq~a daviT w~wyelmanr~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRY

ddddda sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsax~ maTYssa werili zis r~l aso~ arsda ityAs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa:

d d d d da ese ars oTxi dRY ddddda oTxisa dRisamkudari amisTAs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta

ddddda ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeliTa o~isa~Ta mdabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa ddddda saswauladese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmetiweli umetYs sxuaTa enaTa q~esmoslviTgan v~e dResamomde:

ddddda ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~~>

> l~cyT w~no R~isno l~cyT: > a~n>

3.Sin.32-57-33, 275 r, 864 o8 ~3mt,f~c4 ntmcnb [tkyfothibxfhsekbf (*! otkc bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth`8

sx~liTa R~ÁTa

qebaÁ da d~bÁ qarT~lisa enisaÁ

damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad: r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tmn amxilos amiT eniTa: da ese enaY mZinarG ars dResamomde da saxare basa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqKanda axalman nino moaqcia da hGle

ne dedofalman ese arian orni daniv~a mariam da marTaY: da megobrobaY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidKml~oYamas enasa Sina damarxul ars

da oTxisa dRisa mkdari amisTKsTq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasiv~a erTi dRG da saxar~basa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTGssa werili zisr~l asoY ars da ityKs y~lad oTx aTassamaragsa: da ese ars oTxi dRG: da oTxisa dRisa mk~dari amisTKs mis Tanavedafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTa:

da ese enaÁ Semkuli da kurTx~lisaxeliTa o~isaYTa mdabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasao~isasa da sasw~lad ese aqus oTxmeocda aToTxmeti weli umetGs sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTgan v~e dResamomde

da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanisaY>

l~cyT w~no R~Tisno l~cyT > q~e S~e mG ~ kli amisii~ne a~n>

sx~liTa R~~Taqeb~~ da d~b~ qarTulisa enis~~ l~cyT

dddddamarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa ddddda ese ena~ mZinarÀ ars dResamomde:ddddda saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazarY [h]rq~an: ddddda axalman nino moaqcia

[da] helene dedofalman: ese arian orni dani v~a mariam da marTa~:

ddddda megobroba~ amisT~s Tq~a v~dy~li saidumlo~ amas enasa Sina

damarxu ars: ddddda oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisT~s Tq~a daviT w~wyelmanr~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRY

ddddda sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsax~ maTÀssa werili zis r~l aso~ arsda ity~s y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa:

d d d d da ese ars oTxi dRY ddddda oTxisa dRisamkudari amisT~s mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta

ddddda ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeliTa o~isa~Ta mdabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas meored mos

lvasa o~isasa ddddda saswauladese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmetiweli umetÀs sxuaTa enaTa q~esmoslviTgan v~e dResamomde:

ddddda ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~~>

l~cyT w~no R~isno l~cyT: > a~n

4.Sin. 6,223 v, 981-983 o8o88 uflfvothb ewyj,bf8

qarToÂlisa enisaTÂs

damarxuÂl ars enaÁ qarTuÂli dRedmde meor

ed moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa

enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaÁ m

Zinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina

amas enasa lazare hqÂan da axalman nino

moaqcia da elene dedoÂfalm~n ese arian orni

dani v~a m~rm da marTaÁ da megobrobaÁ amisTÂs

Tq~a v~d y~li saÁduÂmloÁ amas enasa Sina da

marxuÂl ars da oTxisa dRisa mkoÂdari amis

TÂs Tq~a d~T ww~tylm~n r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi

dRÀ da saxarebasa Sina qarToÂlsa Tavsa

x~ maTessa werili zis r~l asoÁ ars da ityÂs

oTx aTassa maragsa da ese ars oTxi dRÀ da

oTxisa dRisa mkuÂdari amisTÂs mis Tana da

fluÂli sikoÂdiliTa naTlisRebisa misisaÁTa

da ese enaÁ SemkuÂli da kx~li saxeliTa o~ÁTa

mmmmmdabali da dawoÂneboÂli moelis dResa mas

meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswauÂlad

ese aqoÂs oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli uÂm

etes sxoÂaTa enaTa q~es moslviTg~n v~e dResa

momde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed wamo

giTxras ese wili anbanisaÁ>

l~c y~vT

qarToAlisa enisaTAs~

dddddamarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meor

ed moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa

enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese ena~

mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina

amas enasa lazare hqAan da axalman nino

moaqcia da elene dedufalm~n ese arian orni

dani v~a m~rm da marTa~ da megobroba~ amisTAsTq~a v~d y~li sa~dumlo~ amas enasa Sina da

marxul ars da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amis

TAs Tq~a d~T w~w~tylm~n r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi

dRY da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa

x~ maTessa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ityAsoTx aTassa maragsa da ese ars oTxi dRY daoTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTÂs mis Tana dafluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta

da ese ena~ Semkuli da kx~li saxeliTa o~~Ta

mmmmmdabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas

meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswaulad

ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli um

etes sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTg~n v~e dResa

momde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed wamo

giTxras ese wili anbanisa~>

l~c y~vT

qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis mniSvnelovani

Zeglis, „`qeba~ da dideba~ qarTulisa enisa~s”, oTxi

nusxaa dRemde moRweuli. yvela es piri gadawerilia

ucxoeTis samonastro kerebSi, sadac qarTvelebi

adridanve moRvaweobdnen, kerZod, sabawmidis lavraSi

ierusalimis maxloblad da sinis mTaze arsebul

monasterSi, romelic wm. ekaterines saxels atarebs.

SeniSvna: am samonastro kerebSi qarTvelTa

moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix. k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli

literaturis istoria, t.1, 1960, gv.89-92;

l.menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi, II,

1980, gv.25-39, 44-69.

miCneulia, rom „`qeba~s" nusxebi dawerilia X

saukunis cnobili mwignobrisa da moRvawis iovane-

zosimes xeliT da mis mierve iyo CarTuli xelnawerebSi,

romlebic dRemde daculia sinis mTis wm.ekaterines

monastris qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciaSi. es

xelnawerebia (qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT): A –Sin.34, B – Sin.38, C – Sin.32-57-33, D – Sin.6.

nusxaTa Soris yvelaze adreuli (A) dRes ruseTiserovnuli biblioTekis (yofili saltikov-SCedrinis

sax. leningradis sajaro biblioTekis) xelnawerTa

fondis berZnul koleqciaSia daculi (SifriT Gr.VII,6r). es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom furceli, romelzedac`qeba~s" teqstia dawerili, palimfsests warmoadgens,

romlis qveda fena berZnulia. am furcliT

daintereseba swored qveda berZnulma teqstma

gansazRvra, ris gamoc igi berZnul koleqciaSi aRmoCnda

sxva palimfsestur furclebTan erTad, romelTa

zeda teqsti agreTve qarTulia. es furclebi

biblioTekas cnobilma germanelma mecnierma, siZveleTa

Semgrovebelma da mkvlevarma k. tiSendorfma gadasca

1858 wels. isini man axlo aRmosavleTSi 1844-1854

wlebSi orjer mogzaurobis dros moipova. sinis mTis

wminda ekaterines monastridan wamoRebuli 109

palimfsesturi furceli qarTuli xelnawerebidan

iyo amoRebuli. maTi qveda teqsti berZnuli an

siriulia, ris gamoc isini berZnul da siriul

xelnawerTa koleqciebSi gaanawiles.

1858 welsve tiSendorfis koleqciis

palimfsesturi furclebiT cnobili qarTvelologi

mari brose dainteresda. man gamoaqveyna naSromi,

romelic palimfsesturi furclebis qarTul teqsts

Seexeba (m. brose, 1858, gv. 264 - 280). naSromSi

mocemulia qarTuli masalis aRweriloba, ganxilulia

furcelTa momdinareobisa da daTariRebis sakiTxi.

SeZlebisdagvarad dadgenilia fragmentulad

warmodgenili teqstebis raoba, aqve moTavsebulia

zogierTi fragmentis franguli Targmani. swored am

naSromSi gamoaqveyna m. brosem „`qeba~s” Targmani.

rogorc vxedavT, „`qeba~s” teqsts samecniero

sazogadoeba pirvelad franguli TargmaniT gaecno.

samwuxarod, m.broses dasaxelebuli naSromi da masTan

erTad informacia tiSendorfis koleqciaSi „`qeba~s”

teqstis arsebobis Sesaxeb didi xniT daviwyebas mieca.

Zeglis Semdgomi kvleva da publikacia sinuri koleqciis

zemoT dasaxelebul BCD xelnawerebSi arsebul

teqstebs daefuZna.

XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi „`qeba~s” teqsts

tiSendorfis koleqciaSi kvlav miakvlia p.ingoroyvam

(ix. Jurn. „`mnaTobi”, 1939, #10-11, gv. 256-257).

mogvianebiT Tavis cnobil naSromebSi igi werda: „

`qeba~s” teqstis es uZvelesi nusxa aRmovaCineT

tiSendorfiseuli palimfsestebis koleqciaSi"

(p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746-753; misive, 1965, gv. 208-

215). am naSromebSi tiSendorfis koleqciaSi

moTavsebuli sxva palimfsesturi furclebis monacemebis

gaTvaliswinebiT p.ingoroyva gamoTqvamda mosazrebas,

rom arsebobda iovane-zosimes mier 962 wels sabawmidaSi

gadawerili krebuli, romelSic Setanili iyo „`qeba~s”

es nusxa. p.ingoroyvam, romelic adreve dainteresda

Zeglis SeswavliTa da publikaciiT, Tavis kvlevaSi

CarTo „`qeba~s” kidev erTi, yvelaze adreuli nusxa.

arc Tu didi xnis win gairkva, rom

tiSendorfiseuli palimfsesturi furclebidan,

romlebic peterburgis erovnuli biblioTekis berZnul

da siriul koleqciebSia daculi, 51, maT Soris

`qeba~s” Semcveli furcelic, sinis mTis wm. ekaterines

monastris qarTuli koleqciis #34 (cagarlis

katalogis #19) xelnaweridan aris amoRebuli.

furcelTa am raodenobas kidev emateba amave

xelnaweridan amoRebuli 4 furceli, romlebic imave

k.tiSendorfma wamoiRo sinis mTidan da amJamad

laipcigis universitetis biblioTekis xelnawerTa

fondSia daculi (Cod. Ms V 1096, UB, Leipzig, 4-7. ix.i.asfalgi, 1962, gv. XIII-XIV, 43, 45).

SeniSvna: Sin. 34-dan amoRebuli

furclebis dawvrilebiTi aRweriloba,

Sedgenili l. xe v surianis mier ,

gamoqveynebulia xelnawerTa institutSi

momzadebuli sinuri xelnawerebis aRwerilobis

pirvel nakveTSi, rogorc Sin.34 xelnawerisdamateba (1978, gv.131-143). tiSendorfiseuli

p ali mf s e st e b i s s i nur i kole qc i i s

xelnawerebidan momdinareobis dasabuTebas exeba

misive naSromebi: 1978, gv.88-122; 1980, gv. 50-

63; xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1987, gv. 208-217.

ix. agreTve m. van esbroki, 1981, gv.63-75).

Sin.34 sinuri koleqciis erT-erT umniSvnelovanesxelnawerad aris miCneuli. X saukunis cnobili moRvawis

iovane-zosimes mier Sedgenil am krebuls liturgikul

enciklopedias uwodeben (k.kekeliZe, J.gariti, m.van

esbroki da sxv.). krebulze, romelic sxvadasxva siZvelis,

xasiaTisa da liturgikuli daniSnulebis masalisagan

aris Sedgenili, iovane-zosime wlebis ganmavlobaSi

muSaobda. xelnawerSi dafiqsirebuli TariRebis

mixedviT ivaraudeba, rom misi Sedgena iovane-zosimes

X saukunis 40-ian wlebSi unda daewyo. tiSendorfiseul

palimfsestur furclebs Soris mikvleuli anderZidan

(xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1978, gv.141-142) irkveva,

rom krebulze muSaoba mas 965 wels dausrulebia

sabawmidis lavraSi. zogierTi SeniSvna-ganmarteba

xelnawerSi mogvianebiT aris Setanili, roca iovane-

zosime X saukunis 60-iani wlebis miwuruls sxva

sabawmidel moRvaweebTan erTad sinaze gadavida.

peterburgSi daculi fragmentebi Sinaarsobrivad kidev

ufro sainteresosa da mravalferovans xdis krebuls.

„`qeba~s” teqsti krebulis 24-e rveulis 1r-zeadawerili, rasac uCvenebs am gverdze, zemo marjvena

kuTxeSi dasmuli ricxvi `kd" (ix.fotopiri). teqsti

dawerilia iovane-zosimes arakaligrafiuli xeliT,

momsxo nusxuriT, 31 striqonad (saTaurTan erTad).

saTauris gaswvriv da teqstis bolos aris minaweri

„`locva yavT, amen”. teqsti dayofilia muxlebad,

rac asomTavruli „`donebiT” aris miniSnebuli.

„`qeba~s” A xelnawerSi Setanis zusti TariRidadgenili ar aris, cnobilia misi mxolod zeda

sazRvari - 965 weli, roca iovane-zosimem xelnaweri

dasrulebulad CaTvala da mTavar anderZSi saTanado

TariRi dasva.

aRsaniSnavia, rom A xelnaweris oTxi rveuli(23_26), romlebic mTlianad palimfsesturi

furclebisagan Sedgeba da romelTa farglebSia

moqceuli „`qeba~s” teqstic (24-e rveulis 1r), srulisaxiT aris daculi peterburgis koleqciaSi. Seicavs

astrologiuri xasiaTis Txzulebebsa da pasqalistur

naSroms saTauriT: „`cnobisaTAs da uwyebisa, WeSmaritad

romeli mogueTxra Cuen moZRuarTa mier, gansazRvruli

gamoZiebisaTAs JamTa da welTa...” (m.brose, 1868, gv.

1-20). naSromSi mocemulia sxvadasxva qronologiuri

sistemebi, ganmartebulia sxvadasxva kalendaruli

gamoTvlebis wesebi, darTuli aqvs me-13 moqcevis

532-wliani ciklis tabula. naSromis teqstsa da

iovane-zosimes komentarebSi miTiTebulia TariRebi

949-950, rac xelnawerSi am nawilis Setanis TariRebia

(xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1978, gv.138-141; agreTve

k.kekeliZe, 1960, gv.168). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom

`qeba~s” teqstic A xelnawerisaTvis amave wlebSiagadawerili.

XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebi mniSvnelovani faqtiT

aRiniSna. qarTvel mecniers a. cagarels 1883 wels

SesaZlebloba mieca, gamgzavrebuliyo axlo

aRmosavleTSi, sadac man mravalmxrivi kvleva-ZiebiTi

muSaoba Caatara qristianuli kulturis ramdenime

keraSi, romlebTanac qarTvelTa mravali Taobis

moRvaweoba aris dakavSirebuli, maT Soris sinis

mTaze. man pirvelma Seadgina wm. ekaterines monasterSi

daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis katalogi, romelic

1888 wels gamoqveynda. xelnawerebze muSaobis procesSi

man sam xelnawerSi (BCD) miakvlia „`qeba~s” teqsts(a.cagareli, 1888, gv.201-204, 227, 234-235; misive,

1889, gv.59-62, 85, 92-93).

SeniSvna: a.cagarlis katalogSi xelnawerebs

gansxvavebuli numeracia aqvT: B-s (Sin.38) aq

Seesabameba #12, C-s (Sin.32-57-33) _ ## 83 da

86, D-s (Sin.6) _ #71.

1902 wels Sedga samecniero eqspedicia sinaze

n.marisa da i.javaxiSvilis monawileobiT. maT amjerad

Seadgines qarTuli koleqciis xelnawerTa vrceli

aRweriloba, gamoavlines iqamde ucnobi mravali

originaluri Tu TargmniTi Zegli da literaturul-

istoriuli mniSvnelobis faqti. eqspediciis Sedegebi

Sejamebulia n.maris winaswar angariSSi, romelic

gamoqveynda (n.mari, 1903).

SeniSvna: aRniSnuli eqspediciis

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb

qarTvelologiis ganviTarebaSi ix. e. metreveli,

1976.

TviT aRwerilobebi didi dagvianebiT gamoqveynda.

„`qeba~s” Semcveli xelnawerebidan i.javaxiSvilma aRwera

BD (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.16-20, 101-105), xolo n.marma

C (n.mari, 1940, gv.1-26). aqve gamoqveynda Txzulebisteqstic, romelsac n. marma C xelnaweri daudo

safuZvlad.

SeniSvna: unda iTqvas, rom arc xelnawerTa

aRwerilobebSi da arc n.maris winaswar angariSSi

araviTari msjeloba Zeglis irgvliv ar gvxvdeba.

da bolos, BCD xelnawerebis dawvrilebiTi aRwerada kodikologiuri daxasiaTeba mocemulia sinis mTis

qarTuli xelnawerebis kidev erT katalogSi, romelic

J. garitma Seadgina (J.gariti, 1956, gv.15-26, 72-97,

144-152). aRniSnuli gamocemebi sakmaod srul

warmodgenas iZlevian BCD xelnawerebze, romlebSic`qeba~s” nusxebia Setanili.

B (Sin.38, cag.12). xelnaweri warmoadgens meorenawils oTxTavis sruli nusxisa, romlis pirveli

nawili amave koleqciis #30 xelnawerSia moTavsebuli

(a.cagarlis mixedviT #11).

SeniSvna: #30-is aRweriloba ix. a.cagareli,

1888, gv.201; i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.51-53; J.gariti,

1956, gv.69-71.

anderZebidan irkveva, rom xelnaweri dawerilia

sinaze 979 wels sinawmidis dekanozis kvirike

miZnaZorelis dakveTiT. gadamwerebia: mRvdeli ezra

qobuleanis Ze da iovane-zosime. maTesa da markozis

Tavebi gadawerilia ezras mier da Sesulia Sin.30-Si

(3r-121v). iovane-zosimes mier gadawerili saxarebaTakanonebi da lukasa da iovanes Tavebi moTavsebulia

Sin.30-sa (2r-v, 123r-161v) da B xelnawerSi (1r-98v).misive xeliTaa dawerili danarTi (101r-141r), romelSicSetanilia: saxarebis sakiTxavTa ganweseba mTeli

liturgikuli wlisaTvis (Zegli gamocemulia, J.gariti,

1972); aseve A xelnaweridan ukve cnobili me-13

moqcevis 532-wliani ciklis tabula, romelsac axlavs

naSromi saTauriT: „`cnobisaTAs da uwyebisa...

gamoZiebisaTAs JamTa da welTa...” da ezra

winaswarmetyvelis Tqmuli astrologiuri xasiaTis

statiebi (ix.zemoT gv.26).

„`qeba~s” teqsti moTavsebulia B xelnawerisbolo furcelze (144r) da dawerilia iovane-zosimes

SedarebiT lamazi nusxuriT erT svetad da 30

striqonad (saTauris CaTvliT). saTaurs zemoT weria:

`saxeliTa RmrTisa~Ta”, teqstis bolos miwerilia:

`locva-yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, locva-yavT, amen.” am

nusxis teqstic dayofilia muxlebad.

B-s danarTis gadawerisas iovane-zosime aSkaradsargeblobda A xelnaweris Sesabamisi teqstebiT.

niSandoblivia, rom mravalricxovani Casworebebi da

damatebebi, romlebic A-Si iovane-zosimes xeliT arisSesrulebuli, B-Si xSir SemTxvevaSi teqstSia Setanili.`qeba~s” teqstic B-Si A-dan unda iyos gadmowerili.orive nusxa teqstobrivad absoluturad Tanxvdenilia,

Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT oriode sityvis

gansxvavebul orTografiasa da zogierT lafsuss

(ix. variantuli wakiTxvebi, gv.45-46).

zemoT ukve iTqva, rom B xelnaweri pirvelad a.

cagarelma aRwera, aqve moaTavsa man „`qeba~s” sruli

teqsti, rac am Zeglis pirvel qarTul publikacias

warmoadgens (a.cagareli, 1888, gv.203). aqvea mocemuli

teqstis cagarliseuli interpretacia.

SeniSvna: teqsts uZRvis ganmarteba: `D rjywt

'njq herjgbcb7 rfr b d herjgbcb 1@$ vs yf[jlbv

djc[dfktybt uhepbycrjuj zpsrf ̀ qeba~„qarTulisa

enisa~", f d XXIVghjcnj5 `qarTulisa enisaTAs".

ganmartebaSi xelnaweris nomeri SecdomiT aris

miTiTebuli nacvlad #71-isa. cagarlis

aRw er ilob i s #24 J . g ar it i s m i er

identificirebulia axali numeraciis #75-Tan

(J.gariti, 1956, gv.11). #75 XI saukunis I naxevris

xelnaweri marxvania (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.120-

122; xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1980, gv.45-58).

masSi arc cagarlis da arc Semdgomi

aRwerilobebis mixedviT „`qeba~s" teqsti

dafiqsirebuli ar aris. B-s aRwerilobaSi

CarTuli teqsti faqtiurad D nusxisaa, radgangansxvavebebi, romliTac D xasiaTdeba, am

publikaciaSi dasturdeba.

SevniSnavT, rom cagarliseul publikacias

ar mohyolia am ZegliT sazogadoebis daintereseba.

C (Sin.32-57-33, cag. 83 da 86) _ sinuri qarTulikoleqciis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi xelnaweri,

romelic „`sinuri mravalTavis" saxelwodebiTaa

cnobili, warmoadgens krebuls bizantiel avtorTa

homiletikuri Txzulebebisa, romlebic sauflo da

did saeklesio dResaswaulebze wasakiTxad iyo

gankuTvnili. krebuli erT-erTi uZvelesia mravalTavis

nusxaTa Soris, gadawerilia wm.sabas lavraSi

ierusalimis maxloblad 864 wels. sinuri mravalTavis

Sedgenis iniciatori da ZiriTadi gadamweri, anderZis

mixedviT, aris makari leTeTeli, romelsac xelnaweri

dawerisTanave sinis mTisTvis Seuwiravs. miCneulia,

rom makari leTeTeli unda iyos grigol xanZTelis

erT-erTi mowafeTagani. sinur koleqciaSi mravalTavis

es nusxa sam nawilad aris daSlili da danomrili.

a.cagarelma erTad aRwera krebulis ori nawili

(#83. ix. a.cagareli, 1888, gv.234-235. moicavs

dRevandel #32-sa da #33-s). SemdgomSi n.marmac

erTad Seadgina Sin.32-isa da Sin.33-is vrceli

aRweriloba, xolo calke Sin.57-isa (n.mari, 1940,gv.1-26, 93-97). yvela es nawili mravalTavisa gaerTianda

J.garitis vrcelsa da dawvrilebiT aRwerilobaSi

(J.gariti, 1956, gv.72-97). 1959 wels gamoqveynda

sinuri mravalTavis sruli teqsti a.SaniZis

redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT. gamokvlevaSi a.SaniZem

Tavi mouyara am droisaTvis arsebul mTel informacias

mravalTavebisa da kerZod, sinuri mravalTavis kvlevis

sakiTxebze.

jer kidev a.cagarlis aRwerilobidan cnobili

iyo, rom sinuri mravalTavi 981 wels mesamed Semosa

sinaze iovane-zosimem. J.garitis mier gaerTianebuli

xelnaweris 274v-ze wignis Semosvis Sesaxeb iovane-

zosimes anderZia moTavsebuli, xolo 275r-ze misive

xeliT dawerili kidev erTi piri „`qeba~s" teqstisa.

naweria SedarebiT lamazi nusxuriT, erT svetad da

28 striqonad (saTauris CaTvliT). saTaurs zemoT

weria: „`saxeliTa RmrTisa~Ta", teqstis bolos

miwerilia: „`locva-yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, locva-

yavT. qriste, Seiwyale mCxrekali amisi iovane, amen".

teqsti dayofilia muxlebad.

sinur mravalTavSi CarTuli „`qeba~s" teqsti

xelnaweris aRwerisas gadmowera n.marma da daurTo

mas variantebi sinuri koleqciis danarCeni ori (BD)nusxidan, rac cnobili gaxda mariseuli aRwerilobis

gamoqveynebamde bevrad adre. 1924 wels p.ingoroyvam

sinis mTis 1902 wlis eqspediciis masalebidan gamoaqveyna

`qeba~s" teqsti variantebiTurT da daurTo Tavisi

komentarebi Zeglis Sesaxeb (Jurn. „kavkasioni`, #1-

2, gv.267-274). winaswar ganmartebaSi p.ingoroyva

SeniSnavda, rom teqsti, romelsac igi aqveynebda,

gadmoRebuli iyo n.maris mier sinis mTis meaTe

saukunis sami xelnaweridan. Seiqmna STabeWdileba,

rom gamoqveynda n.maris mier dadgenili teqsti. magram

mariseuli aRwerilobis gamoqveynebam, romelSic

moyvanilia Sesxmis teqstic, cxadi gaxada, rom n.mars

gadmoRebuli aqvs C nusxis zusti piri (n.mari, 1940,gv.26), xolo teqstis sworeba p.ingoroyvas ekuTvnis.

am publikaciis me-6 muxlSi p.ingoroyvam sityva

„`werili" („...`Tavsa xolo maTYssa werili zis...")

Secvala sityviT „`wili"; aseve cvlilebebi Seitana

me-8 muxlSi, risTvisac gamoiyena D nusxis Cveneba:„àsi ese weli anbanisa~s" nacvlad „èse wili anbanisa~".

SevniSnavT, rom n.maris mier miTiTebul variantebSi

zogi ram gamorCenilia. p.ingoroyva, vfiqrobT,

sargeblobda cagarliseuli publikaciiTac, romelic

ar gamoirCeva dednidan teqstis gadmoweris sizustiT.

SeniSvna: p.ingoroyvas publikacias n.maris

masalebis mixedviT gascnobia k.kekeliZe Jurnal

`kavkasionSi", romlis egzemplari daculia mis

memorialur biblioTekaSi (xelnawerTa

institutSi). me-6 muxlSi sityva „`wili"

k.kekeliZis xeliT, fanqriT Semoxazulia da iqve

miwerilia: „`werili unda". cxadia, rom k.kekeliZe

ar iziarebda amgvar Casworebas.

C xelnawerSi arsebuli „`qeba~s" teqsti mxolodam nusxis mixedviT gamoaqveyna a.SaniZem (sinuri

mravalTavi, 1959, gv.283). publikaciaSi gaxsnilia

qaragmebi da zogierTi sityvis dedniseuli daweriloba

sqolioSia Catanili. sxva nusxaTa variantebi aq

moyvanili ar aris. teqsti or adgilas Casworebulia.

me-11 striqonSi xelnaweriseuli „`dawerili" a.SaniZem

Secvala sityviT „`wili", rogorc es p.ingoroyvas

publikaciaSia. aseve, bolo winadadebaSi: „èse yoveli,

romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar ese asi

weli anbanisa~" sityva „`weli" man kvlav Secvala

`wiliT". am CasworebaTa safuZveli a.SaniZes ar

ganumartavs.

C nusxiseuli teqsti mTlianad emTxveva ABnusxebis teqsts, Tu am SemTxvevaSic mxedvelobaSi ar

miviRebT umniSvnelo orTografiul gansxvavebebs da

lafsusebs (ix.variantuli wakiTxvebi, gv.45-46 ). aSkaraa,

rom ABC nusxebi erTi wyarodan momdinareoben.SeniSvna: „`qeba~s" nusxaTa literebi,

romlebic n.marma Semoitana da gamoyenebuli

aqvs p.ingoroyvasac 1924 wlis publikaciaSi,

SemdgomSi Seicvala. aq A niSnavs Sin.32-33-s, B –Sin.6-s da C – Sin.38-s. „`qeba~s" kvlevaSi

peterburgSi daculi nusxis CarTvis Semdeg

p.ingoroyvam literebi nusxebs qronologiuri

Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT Seufarda: A _ Sin.34, B– Sin.38, C – Sin.32-57-33, D – Sin.6.

D (Sin.6, cag.71). xelnaweri warmoadgens krebuls,romelic ZiriTadad hagiografiuli Txzulebebisagan

Sedgeba. igi pirvelad a.cagarelma aRwera. manve miakvlia

xelnawerSi „`qeba~s" teqsts. zemoT ukve iyo aRniSnuli,

rom a.cagarelma swored am xelnaweridan gadmowera

Txzulebis teqsti, romelic katalogis gamoqveynebisas

B xelnaweris aRwerilobaSi moaTavsa (ix. zemoT,

gv.30). manve aRwerilobaSi yuradReba gaamaxvila im

faqtze, rom D xelnaweri dawerilia nusxuriT, magramsxvadasxva xeliT da mxolod „`qeba~s" teqstia

Sesrulebuli asomTavruliT. a. cagarelma gadmoiwera

xelnaweris 1r-dan zanduki anu Sinaarsi da gamoaqveynanawyveti wignis Semmosvelis anderZidan (a. cagareli,

1888, gv.227). SemdgomSi i.javaxiSvilma Tavis

aRwerilobaSi kvlav daafiqsira „`qeba~s" arseboba

D-Si yovelgvari komentaris gareSe. manve pirveladgadmoiwera da gamoaqveyna xelnawerSi arsebuli yvela

anderZi Tu minaweri (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv. 16-20).

ukanasknelad D xelnaweri dawvrilebiT aRwera J.garitma(1956, gv. 15-26), gansakuTrebiT misi teqnikuri mxare,

rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imis gasarkvevad, Tu

rogor Seiqmna D xelnaweri. manve gamoaqveyna anderZebida minawerebi.

am aRwerilobebis mixedviT dReisaTvis miRebulia,

rom D xelnaweri daiwera 981-983 wlebSi sinis mTisdekanozis miqaelis dakveTiT. xelnaweri 983 wels

Seumosavs iovane-zosimes. krebulis SedgenaSi sam

gadamwers miuRia monawileoba, maTgan cnobilia mxolod

erTi – iovane-zosime. pirvelis mier dawerilia 2r-83v; iovane-zosimes mier – 1r, romelzedac mas, rogorcCans, xelnaweris Semosvis dros mouTavsebia zanduki,

84r–200v da 223v-225r; mesame gadamwers J.gariti

miakuTvnebs 201r-223r-s. ase rom, J.gariti 223v-s,romelzedac dawerilia „`qeba~s" teqsti, iovane-zosimes

gadawerilad Tvlis, magram araviTar ganmartebas amasTan

dakavSirebiT ar iZleva, miT umetes, rom amave furclis

r-ze mTavrdeba mesame gadamweris mier Sedgenili nawili.Tavis pirvel naSromSi „`qeba~s" Sesaxeb

p.ingoroyvam D nusxis gadamwerad iovane-zosimes

dasaxelebisagan Tavi Seikava (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.270).

magram „`qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle

mimoxilvaze" darTul SeniSvnebSi, sadac man pirvelad

Semoitana informacia „`qeba~s" nusxis arsebobis Sesaxeb

tiSendorfis koleqciaSi, igi ukve werda: „ìoane-

zosime, Cans, didi interesiT ekideboda am marTlac

mravalgvarad SesaniSnavs nawarmoebs, da garda 962

wels gadawerili pirisa, mas amis Semdeg samjer

gadauweria es nawarmoebi 979, 981 da 981-982 wlebSi"

(Jurn. „`mnaTobi", 1939, #10-11, gv.256). ufro gvian

p.ingoroyva meti damajereblobiT werda: „`D – xelnaweri981-982 wlebisa, Sin.6. „`qeba~s" teqsti Caweriliarogorc damamTavrebeli nawarmoebi hagiografiuli

krebulisa, romelic ioane-zosimes 981-982 wlebSi

gadauweria" (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746; misive, 1963,

gv.208). p.ingoroyvas Sromebma daamkvidres azri, rom

`qeba~s" meoTxe D nusxac iovane-zosimes xeliT arisdawerili, rac Txzulebis mkvlevarTa mier

gaziarebulia. magram D xelnaweris Seswavla gviCvenebs,rom es azri gadasinjvas iTxovs.

zemoT iTqva, rom D xelnaweris 2r-83v daweriliapirveli gadamweris xeliT. masve aukinZavs furclebi

8-8-furclian 11 rveulad (dRes me-3 rveulis pirveli

furceli dakargulia). me-11 rveulis mxolod 1r-4riyo dawerili, danarCeni Tavisufali. J.gariti SeniSnavs,

rom xelnaweris Semosvis dros dauwereli furclebi

CamoWres, ris gamoc me-11 rveuli mxolod 4

furclisagan Sedgeba. yoveli rveulis dasawyissa da

boloSi gadamweris mierve dasmulia rveulebrivi

saTvalavi qarTuli da berZnuli asomTavruli asoebiT.

gadawerilia sami Txzuleba: apokrifi ̀ RmrTismSobelisa

SobisaTAs" da svimeon mesvetisa da saba asuris

cxovrebani. aRsaniSnavia, rom gadamweri pirveli

Txzulebis teqsts iwyebs 2r-dan, xolo dauwerelipirveli furclis r-ze misive xeliT, lamazi wvrilinusxuriT dawerilia teqsti, romelic epistolaruli

Janris SesaniSnav nimuSs warmoadgens. J.gariti

SecdomiT miiCnevs, rom es teqsti iovane-zosimes

xeliTaa dawerili. paleografiuli Seswavlis Sedegad

irkveva, rom igi pirvel gadamwersave ekuTvnis. teqsti

miemarTeba xelnaweris damkveTs miqaels: ̀ q. kArieleison.

qristeman momiboZen juari da wmida~ locva~ Tqueni,

Zmao da ufalo Cemo miqael. romel gebrZana, damiweria.

mariam megAptelisa~ ara vpove. sxua~ vera~ vicode,

ra~mca davwere. rveulni, romel darCis, sakiTxaveba~

(!) davwere, Semindve, ara~ mqonda. yovelTa ZmaTa

Tayuaniscemasa da locvasa movaBseneb. ese me adre

davwere, gana aravin vpove, vismca wamovec. aw kArikesda

wamomicemian, RmerTman moawien. Tu ras maweriebde,

mixarian. etrati gizRo."

werilidan irkveva, rom misi avtori sinis

mTaze ar imyofeba. igi acnobebs miqaels, rom Seasrula

misi Txovna da ugzavnis kvirikes xeliT mis mier

dakveTili Txzulebebis teqsts. amasTanave acnobebs,

rom ver moipova mariam megviptelis cxovrebis teqsti

(aRsaniSnavia, rom es Txzuleba sinur koleqciaSi ar

iZebneba).

SeniSvna: werilis teqsti srulad amoikiTxa

da gamoaqveyna i.javaxiSvilma (1947, gv.19).

gamoqveynebulia agreTve l.menabdis wignSi, sadac

igi D xelnaweris momgeblis miqael dekanozismoRvaweobas ganixilavs (l.menabde, 1980, gv.64-

66).

D xelnaweris pirveli gadamweris vinaoba,

rogorc iTqva, garkveuli ar aris. yuradRebas iqcevs

xelnawerSi 12r-sa da 66v-ze arsebuli minawerebi,romlebic gadamweris xeliT aris dawerili: „`qriste,

Seiwyale miqael da miqael, kArike", „`qristY, Seiwyale

miqael, miqael da kArike". unda vifiqroT, rom am

saxelebSi igulisxmeba xelnaweris momgebeli, sinis

mTis dekanozi miqaeli, gadamweri miqaeli da kvirike,

romelsac gadamweri avalebs xelnaweri furclebis

sinaze mitanas. gadamweri miqaeli, zemoT moyvanili

werilis safuZvelze, SeiZleba gaigivdes Sin.63-is,saxarebis sakiTxavebis krebulis gadamwerTan

(xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1987, gv.67-70).

D xelnaweris 84r-200v iovane-zosimes xeliTaadawerili da moicavs mis mierve akinZul XII-XXV

rveulebs. es rveulebi, maTi gadaweris TariRis

mixedviT, or nawilad jgufdeba. pirveli moicavs XII-

XXIII rveulebs. aq moTavsebulia epifane kviprelis

cxovrebis amsaxveli Txzulebebi da apokrifi saTauriT

`cxoreba~ da gangeba~ SiSuel-marTalTa~". XXIII rveuli

12 furclisagan Sedgeba, rac teqstis moculobam

gansazRvra. anderZis mixedviT (183v), es nawili 982wels aris gadawerili da rveulebad akinZuli. XXIV-

XXV rveulebi Seicaven erT Txzulebas _ wm.febronias

wamebas. XXV rveuli 9 furcliania. am SemTxvevaSic

furclis metoba gansazRvra teqstis moculobam.

boloSi moTavsebuli anderZis mixedviT (200v), esnawili dawerilia 981 wels. anderZebidan irkveva,

rom am Txzulebebs iovane-zosime werda sxvadasxva

dros miqael dekanozis davalebiT.

D xelnaweris 201r-223r dawerilia mesame

gadamweris xeliT, romlis vinaoba ucnobia. Seadgens

3 rveuls (XXVI-XXVIII). Seicavs sam Txzulebas _

wm.mowame qalebis qristinasa da ekaterines wamebebsa

da stefane mZovris swavlaTa teqsts. mTavrdeba

XXVIII rveulis me-7 furclis r-ze anu 223r-ze.

amave furclis v-ze ki moTavsebulia „`qeba~s" teqsti.

rveulebis es wyebac calkea momzadebuli xelnawerSi

CasarTavad.

D xelnaweris Sedgenilobis CvenebiT, vfiqrobT,naTeli xdeba, rom sxvadasxva piris mier gadawerili

Txzulebebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad daiwera

miqael dekanozis dakveTiT (maTi mopoveba sinel

moRvaweebs xSirad sxva samonastro centrebSi

uxdebodaT) da Semdgom misive TaosnobiT moxda maTi

erT wignad gaerTianeba. es ganapirobebs xelnaweris

teqnikur Taviseburebebs (rveulebSi furcelTa

sxvadasxva raodenobas da sxva). amiTve unda aixsnas

is faqti, rom iovane-zosime Tavis anderZebSi

xelnaweris danarCen or gadamwers saerTod ar

moixseniebs da mxolod miqael dekanozs miagebs pativs.

D xelnaweri iovane-zosimem 983 wels Semosa.anderZi amis Sesaxeb moTavsebulia 224r-ze. masSi

gansakuTrebiT aris Sefasebuli miqaelis Rvawli:

`qriste RmerTo, moiBsene da Seiwyale suli miqael

patiosnisa mRdelisa~, romeli mizez eqmna wmidisa

amis wignisa aRmarTebasa". rogorc Cans, xelnaweri am

anderZiT Tavdeboda. SemdgomSi, xelnaweris Semosvis

Semdeg, iovane-zosimem krebuls daumata erTi mcire

moculobis Txzuleba (`da kualad sxua~ hambavi

RamisTevisaTAsve") SeniSvniT: „èsea~ ukuana~s vpove

da aqa SevCxrike, SemindveT da locva-yavT" (225r).`qeba~s" D nusxa mkvlevarTa gansakuTrebul

dainteresebas imiT iwvevs, rom igi teqstobriv

gansxvavebebs uCvenebs ABC nusxebTan SedarebiT, racsamecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva interpretaciebis

safuZveli gaxda. gansxvavebaTa avtorad xSirad iovane-

zosimes asaxeleben, ramdenadac igi D nusxis gadamweradiTvleba.

magram D nusxis Sedarebam masTan qronologiuradaxlos mdgom xelnawerebTan, romlebic iovane-zosimes

mier asomTavruliTaa Sesrulebuli, uCvena, rom igi

ar aris dawerili iovane-zosimes xeliT. Sesadarebel

xelnawerebad SerCeuli iyo zemoT ukve ganxiluli Bxelnaweri (979 wlis) da Sin.37 (ierusalimuri

leqcionaris nusxa 982 wlis). agreTve D xelnawerSive1r-ze moTavsebuli zanduki, romelic iovane-zosimesdawerilia asomTavruliT xelnaweris Semosvis

dros. am xelnawerebSi iovane-zosimes xelisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ calkeul asoTa moxazulobis

Taviseburebebi, aseve teqstis saerTo ieri, ar aRmoCnda

damaxasiaTebeli D-s teqstisaTvis, igi gansxvavebulixeliTaa dawerili.

amave dros paleografiuli ZiebiT gamoikveTa,

rom savsebiT SesaZlebelia „`qeba~s" nusxa dawerili

iyos mesame gadamweris xeliT, romlis mier gadaweril

Txzulebebs uSualod mosdevs „`qeba~s" teqsti. mesame

gadamweris nawili nusxuriTaa dawerili, magram

TxzulebaTa asomTavruli saTaurebi 201r-sa da 211r-ze, agreTve wm.ekaterines wamebis teqstSi asomTavruliT

dawerili ramdenime striqoni 212v-ze Sedarebis

saSualebas iZleva, rac „`qeba~s" xelsa da mesame

gadamweris asomTavrul xels Soris angariSgasawev

msgavsebas avlens. es ki, vfiqrobT, sakiTxis mesame

gadamweris sasargeblod gadawyvetis safuZvels qmnis.

SeniSvna: mesame gadamweris sasargeblod unda

metyvelebdes Semdegi faqtic: ABC nusxebSi

iovane-zosime wers „`dedofali", D nusxa iZlevavariants „`dedufali". igive sityva daiZebna D-Si rogorc iovane-zosimes (189r, str. 1, 4, 21;189v, str. 10, 11, 14), aseve mesame gadamweris(216v, str. 14, 18, 23, 26; 217r, str.1, 10, 23)teqstebSi. aRmoCnda, rom mesame gadamweri yvela

SemTxvevaSi wers: „`dedufali", xolo iovane-

zosime _ „`dedofali".

amrigad, migvaCnia, rom iovane-zosime ar aris

`qeba~s" teqstis D nusxis gadamweri. teqsti rommisi iniciativiT yofiliyo CarTuli xelnawerSi, mas

aucilebelad eqneboda darTuli komentari, rogorc

es xelnaweris boloSi mis mier damatebul Txzulebas

axlavs. „`qeba~" D xelnaweris Semosvis droisaTvisukve CarTuli iyo krebulis SemadgenlobaSi, razedac

miuTiTebs iovane-zosimes dawerili zanduki (1r),romelSic me-10 Txzulebad dasaxelebulia „`qeba~

qarTulisa enisa~". saTauris es formulireba iovane-

zosimeseulia. teqstis gadaweris SemTxvevaSi igi

iseTsave saTaurs miscemda Zegls, rogorc es ABCnusxebSia. D nusxis saTauriT Zegli ar aRiqmebaqarTuli enis Sesxma-Semkobad, rac ase gamokveTilia

ABC nusxebSi. sxvadasxva xasiaTis gansxvavebebi ABCnusxebsa da D-s Soris, romlebic mkvlevarTa mieraris aRnusxuli, ufro imaze migvaniSnebs, rom iovane-

zosimes droisaTvis arsebobda Txzulebis teqstis

gansxvavebuli varianti, romelic D-Si CarTes. D-SiZeglis CarTvaze pasuxismgebeli unda yofiliyo ara

iovane-zosime, aramed miqael dekanozi, faqtiuri Semkrebi

Txzulebebisa da D krebulis Semdgeneli. xolo teqstisgadmowera D nusxisaTvis, rogorc Cans, mesame gadamwersdaevala.

* * *zemoT ukve iTqva, rom „`qeba~s" ABC nusxebi

teqstobriv urTierTgansxvavebebs ar uCveneben, mxolod

saTauria BC-Si A-sTan SedarebiT gavrcobili: „`qeba~qarTulisa enisa~s" nacvlad „`qeba~ da dideba~qarTulisa enisa~". rac Seexeba D nusxas, romelicarsebiTad imave teqsts Seicavs, samecnieroliteraturaSi miuTiTeben mniSvnelovan gansxvavebaze,romelsac D Txzulebis bolo winadadebaSi uCvenebs.aq ABC-s „warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanisa~`Secvlilia teqstiT: „`warmogiTxras ese wili anbanisa~".D nusxas aseve gansxvavebuli aqvs saTauri, romelSicar aris gamokveTili misi, rogorc panegirikuliTxzulebis, saxe. D nusxa sxva niSnebiTac arisgamorCeuli: igi dawerilia gabmuli teqstis saxiT;ar aris dayofili ritmul-Sinaarsobriv monakveTebad;axasiaTebs gansxvavebuli marTlwera da sxva. yovelivees imis maCvenebelia, rom iovane-zosimesa da D nusxisucnob gadamwers sxvadasxva dedani unda hqonodaTxelT. amgvarad, nusxebis mixedviT „`qeba~s" teqstiori redaqciiT aris moRweuli, maT Camoyalibebasiovane-zosimes ver mivawerT.

ABCD nusxebis teqstobrivi urTierTmimarTebebiasaxulia Cvens mier Sejerebul teqstze darTul

ikiTxvisebSi. teqstis safuZvlad aRebulia iovane-

zosimeseuli varianti, romlis bolo muxli

Casworebulia D-s mixedviT:

* * *„`qeba~s" nusxebis urTierTSejereba da amis

safuZvelze kritikuli teqstis dadgena adreve daiwyes.

Sinaarsobrivad rTuli Zeglis gamarTvis survilma

aseve adreve gamoiwvia teqstis imgvarad sworeba, rac

ar emyareba xelnawerTa monacemebs. amis Sedegad Seiqmna

Txzulebis sxvadasxva Tanamedrove varianti. am pro-

cess saTave daudo p.ingoroyvam jer kidev 1924 wels,

roca man Jurnal „`kavkasionSi" gamoqveynebul teqstSi

Seitana erTi iseTi Casworeba, romelsac mxars arc

erTi nusxa ar uWers (sityva „`werili" Secvala

sityviT „`wili". p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.269). SemdgomSi,

1954 wels, man xelaxla gamoaqveyna teqsti, romelSic

ukve ramdenime imgvari Sesworeba Seitana, romelic

nusxaTa monacemebs ar emyareba da teqstis miseuli

interpretaciis nayofia (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.749-

752). gasworebulia a.SaniZis mier gamoqveynebuli

teqstic (a.SaniZe, 1959, gv. 283). n.mariseuli teqsti

C nusxis zusti piria (n.mari, 1940, gv.26). es teqstebi

SemdgomSi sxvadasxva variaciebiT gavrcelda. yvelaze

popularuli iyo p.ingoroyvas mier gamoqveynebuli

teqsti. TiTqmis 80-iani wlebis bolomde igi SehqondaT

sxvadasxva krebulebsa da qrestomaTia-anTologiebSi.

drodadro mkvlevarebi irCevdnen n.marisa da a.SaniZis

mier gamoqveynebul teqstebsac.

* * *iovane-zosimes mier gadaweril samive nusxaSi

„`qeba~s" teqsti muxlebadaa dayofili. es muxlebi

asomTavruli doniT iwyeba: pirvel muxls iwyebs

sityva „`damarxul", danarCen SemTxvevebSi _ marcvali

„`da". teqstis am Tavisebur formas pirvelad

p.ingoroyvam miaqcia yuradReba 1924 wels. man ori

nusxis _ BC-s mixedviT teqsti 8 muxlad dayo.p.ingoroyva miiCnevs, rom „`qeba~" dawerilia sagaloblis

formiT, romelsac igi „`wyobil sityvas" uwodebs,

da uCvenebs stroful aliteracias, romelic „`da"

marcvalzea agebuli. SemdgomSi, ukve ABC nusxebissafuZvelze, p.ingoroyvam teqsti 10 muxlad dayo

(p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv. 749-751).

unda iTqvas, rom ABC nusxebSi muxlis dasawyisidoni yovelTvis erTi zomis ar aris. roca muxlis

dasawyisi striqonis dasawyiss emTxveva, aseT SemTxvevaSi

doni ufro didi zomisaa, radgan sazedao asos meti

Tavisufali are aqvs. sazedao donebs, vfiqrobT,

mxatvruli datvirTvac aqvs miniWebuli. teqstis SigniT

donebi ufro mcire zomisaa, Tumca funqcia igive

aqvT.

nusxebis SedarebiTi Seswavla uCvenebs, rom

p.ingoroyvas mier teqstis 10 muxlad dayofa realurad

emyareba xelnawerebis monacemebs: 7 SemTxvevaSi muxlebis

dasawyisebi samive nusxaSi emTxveva (1, 2, 4-6, 8, 10).

A-s me-3 muxlis dasawyisi doni striqonis dasawyisSia,

magram SedarebiT mcire zomis. rac Seexeba A-s me-9muxls, aq, rogorc Cans, iovane-zosimes mxedvelobidan

gamorCa muxlis dasawyisi. B nusxis me-2 muxlSi

asomTavruli doniTaa dawyebuli muxlis meore

monakveTic, rac ar aris gamarTlebuli AC-s mixedviT.yvelaze meti gaugebroba dakavSirebulia me-7 muxlTan.

A da B nusxebi am muxlis sxvadasxva monakveTsiwyeben asomTavruli doniT: A _ „`da ese ars oTxidRY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari..." B _ „`da oTxisadRisa mkudari..." C orive monakveTis dasawyisSi wers

mcire zomis asomTavrul donebs. winamdebare gamocemaSi

arCevani B nusxaze SeCerda.komentarebi „qeba~s" teqstis calkeuli

Astr. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiTstr. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiTstr. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiTstr. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiTstr. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiT

patara. patara. patara. patara. patara. BC-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.

str. 8-9. „`helenes" nacvlad weria „`hene" ,str. 8-9. „`helenes" nacvlad weria „`hene" ,str. 8-9. „`helenes" nacvlad weria „`hene" ,str. 8-9. „`helenes" nacvlad weria „`hene" ,str. 8-9. „`helenes" nacvlad weria „`hene" ,

striqonidan striqonze gadatanisas gamorCenilia marcvalistriqonidan striqonze gadatanisas gamorCenilia marcvalistriqonidan striqonze gadatanisas gamorCenilia marcvalistriqonidan striqonze gadatanisas gamorCenilia marcvalistriqonidan striqonze gadatanisas gamorCenilia marcvali

„`le".„`le".„`le".„`le".„`le".

str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili,str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili,str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili,str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili,str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili,

BC-s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.s mixedviT, aq muxlis dasawyisia.

str. 29. sityva „`moslviTgn"-is pirveli qaragmastr. 29. sityva „`moslviTgn"-is pirveli qaragmastr. 29. sityva „`moslviTgn"-is pirveli qaragmastr. 29. sityva „`moslviTgn"-is pirveli qaragmastr. 29. sityva „`moslviTgn"-is pirveli qaragma

zedmetia. aqve sityva „`dRemmmde" nawvalebia, unda iyoszedmetia. aqve sityva „`dRemmmde" nawvalebia, unda iyoszedmetia. aqve sityva „`dRemmmde" nawvalebia, unda iyoszedmetia. aqve sityva „`dRemmmde" nawvalebia, unda iyoszedmetia. aqve sityva „`dRemmmde" nawvalebia, unda iyos

„`dResamomde".„`dResamomde".„`dResamomde".„`dResamomde".„`dResamomde".

B

str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, AC-s mixedviT-s mixedviT-s mixedviT-s mixedviT-s mixedviT

aq muxli ar iwyeba.aq muxli ar iwyeba.aq muxli ar iwyeba.aq muxli ar iwyeba.aq muxli ar iwyeba.

str. 9. furceli dazianebulia, sityvaSi „`hrqAan"str. 9. furceli dazianebulia, sityvaSi „`hrqAan"str. 9. furceli dazianebulia, sityvaSi „`hrqAan"str. 9. furceli dazianebulia, sityvaSi „`hrqAan"str. 9. furceli dazianebulia, sityvaSi „`hrqAan"

„`h" moxeulia.„`h" moxeulia.„`h" moxeulia.„`h" moxeulia.„`h" moxeulia.

str. 10. dasawyisSi furclis dazianebis gamostr. 10. dasawyisSi furclis dazianebis gamostr. 10. dasawyisSi furclis dazianebis gamostr. 10. dasawyisSi furclis dazianebis gamostr. 10. dasawyisSi furclis dazianebis gamo

dakargulia „`da".dakargulia „`da".dakargulia „`da".dakargulia „`da".dakargulia „`da".

str. 20. striqonis dasawyisSi moTavsebuli „`da"str. 20. striqonis dasawyisSi moTavsebuli „`da"str. 20. striqonis dasawyisSi moTavsebuli „`da"str. 20. striqonis dasawyisSi moTavsebuli „`da"str. 20. striqonis dasawyisSi moTavsebuli „`da"

AC-s mixedviT muxlis dasawyisia, rac -s mixedviT muxlis dasawyisia, rac -s mixedviT muxlis dasawyisia, rac -s mixedviT muxlis dasawyisia, rac -s mixedviT muxlis dasawyisia, rac B-Si ar arisSi ar arisSi ar arisSi ar arisSi ar aris

asomTavruli doniT gamokveTili. amave striqonzeasomTavruli doniT gamokveTili. amave striqonzeasomTavruli doniT gamokveTili. amave striqonzeasomTavruli doniT gamokveTili. amave striqonzeasomTavruli doniT gamokveTili. amave striqonze

asomTavruli doniT iwyeba fraza „`da oTxisa dRisaasomTavruli doniT iwyeba fraza „`da oTxisa dRisaasomTavruli doniT iwyeba fraza „`da oTxisa dRisaasomTavruli doniT iwyeba fraza „`da oTxisa dRisaasomTavruli doniT iwyeba fraza „`da oTxisa dRisa

mkudari..."mkudari..."mkudari..."mkudari..."mkudari..."

C

str. 19. am striqonze moTavsebuli orive „`da"str. 19. am striqonze moTavsebuli orive „`da"str. 19. am striqonze moTavsebuli orive „`da"str. 19. am striqonze moTavsebuli orive „`da"str. 19. am striqonze moTavsebuli orive „`da"

zomiT patara asomTavruli doniT iwyeba. gaurkvevelia,zomiT patara asomTavruli doniT iwyeba. gaurkvevelia,zomiT patara asomTavruli doniT iwyeba. gaurkvevelia,zomiT patara asomTavruli doniT iwyeba. gaurkvevelia,zomiT patara asomTavruli doniT iwyeba. gaurkvevelia,

Tu romeli donia muxlis dasawyisi.Tu romeli donia muxlis dasawyisi.Tu romeli donia muxlis dasawyisi.Tu romeli donia muxlis dasawyisi.Tu romeli donia muxlis dasawyisi.

str. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" daweriliastr. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" daweriliastr. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" daweriliastr. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" daweriliastr. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" dawerilia

asomTavruliT. amave striqonze asomTavruliTaa daweriliasomTavruliT. amave striqonze asomTavruliTaa daweriliasomTavruliT. amave striqonze asomTavruliTaa daweriliasomTavruliT. amave striqonze asomTavruliTaa daweriliasomTavruliT. amave striqonze asomTavruliTaa dawerili

„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli".„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli".„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli".„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli".„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli".

Dstr. 7. dafarulia melniT raRac sityva, romlisstr. 7. dafarulia melniT raRac sityva, romlisstr. 7. dafarulia melniT raRac sityva, romlisstr. 7. dafarulia melniT raRac sityva, romlisstr. 7. dafarulia melniT raRac sityva, romlis

zemoT weria teqstiseuli „èse".zemoT weria teqstiseuli „èse".zemoT weria teqstiseuli „èse".zemoT weria teqstiseuli „èse".zemoT weria teqstiseuli „èse".

str. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazeastr. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazeastr. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazeastr. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazeastr. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazea

dawerili, rogorc Cans, gadamwers gamorCa.dawerili, rogorc Cans, gadamwers gamorCa.dawerili, rogorc Cans, gadamwers gamorCa.dawerili, rogorc Cans, gadamwers gamorCa.dawerili, rogorc Cans, gadamwers gamorCa.

str. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisistr. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisistr. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisistr. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisistr. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisi

mani didi zomis asomTavruliTaa dawerili.mani didi zomis asomTavruliTaa dawerili.mani didi zomis asomTavruliTaa dawerili.mani didi zomis asomTavruliTaa dawerili.mani didi zomis asomTavruliTaa dawerili.

Tavi IITavi IITavi IITavi IITavi II`qebaòs" Seswavlis istoriis sakiTxebi`qebaòs" Seswavlis istoriis sakiTxebi`qebaòs" Seswavlis istoriis sakiTxebi`qebaòs" Seswavlis istoriis sakiTxebi`qebaòs" Seswavlis istoriis sakiTxebi

`qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaòs" teqstsmecnierebi erT saukuneze meti xania ikvleven.`vefxistyaosnisa" ar iyos, Tavsatexi aqac jer kidevbevria... qarTuli enis sagaloblis saxeliT cnobiliZegli kvlav sakvlevia ramdenime aspeqtiT:1. rodis daiwera sagalobeli?2. ra mizniT daiwera sagalobeli?3. vin aris avtori? ra roli aqvs iovane-zosimes?4. romeli xelnaweri ufro axloa dedanTan?5. rogoria `qebaòs" egzoTeruli da ezoTeruli

arsi?CamoTvlil problemebsa Tu Temebs dRevandeli

gadasaxedidan kidev erTi sakiTxi SeiZleba davumatoT:`qebaòs" Sesaxeb 50-mde gamokvleva daiwera; Cndeba

bunebrivi kiTxva: qarTuli ènis" am himnSi vin radainaxa da ratom? ufro zustad Tu vikiTxavT: rakavSiri Tu mimarTebaa mkvlevarTa pirovnulmsoflmxedvelobriv sistemasa da maT mierve ̀ qebaòSi"danaxul saidumlos Soris?..warmodgenil naSromSi Cveni mizania, zogad StrixebSi

Tvali gavadevnoT `qebaòs" kvlevis istorias,Tanmimdevrulad warmovadginoT teqstualuri Ziebani,bolos ki mkiTxvelis samsjavroze gamovitanT `qebaòs"teqstis Cven mier Sejerebul ganmartebas.Tanamedrove samecniero TvalTaxedvaSi `qebaò da

didebaò qarTulisa enisaòs" teqsti Semoiyvanapeterburgis universitetis profesorma aleqsandre

cagarelma 1888 wels (3Ghfdjckfdysq Gfktcnbycrbqc,jhybr73 n8 IV, dsg8 I ); mecnierma igi sinas mTazemoiZia 1883 wels (ix. zemoT D xelnaweri).1902 wels akademikosma niko marmaniko marmaniko marmaniko marmaniko marma sinas mTaze

samecniero mivlinebis dros Seadgina qarTulxelnawerTa aRweriloba; man srulad gadmoiRo ̀ qebaòs"teqsti, romelic, mogvianebiT, 1924 wels, Jurnal`kavkasionSi" dabeWda pavle ingoroyvam pavle ingoroyvam pavle ingoroyvam pavle ingoroyvam pavle ingoroyvam (`kavkasioni",1924, gv.267-270); manve daurTo ̀ winaswari ganmartebani",sadac, bunebrivia, warmodgenilia pavle ingoroyvaseuliSexedulebebi Zeglis Sesaxeb, kerZod:1. `qebaòs" sami xelnaweria Semonaxuli (me-4 jer

misTvis cnobili ar iyo. 965 wlis xelnawers pavleingoroyvam mogvianebiT miakvlia leningradis sajarobiblioTekis wignTsacavSi:, ix. p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746).I - 979; II - 981; III-983 wlisa.’’2. Zegli meaTe saukunisaa; misi avtoria an giorgi

merCule, an misi skolis romelime warmomadgeneli;iovane sineli gadamweria.3. teqsti warmoadgens qarTuli enis mistiur xotbas

da gviCvenebs qarTuli erovnuli TviTcnobierebismdgomareobas; igi dawerilia im mesianisturisuliskveTebiT, romelic arsebobda me-10 saukunisqarTul ganaTlebul wreebSi.4. qarTuli enis upiratesobis mistiur Cvenebas

`qebaòs" avtori xedavs imaSi, rom qarTuliwelTaRricxva oTxmocdaToTxmeti wliT uswrebs sxvaxalxebis welTa aRricxvas.5. ezoTeruli simboloebia: lazare - qarTuli ena;

nino da elene, viTarca mariam da marTa, saqarTvelosmomaqcevelni arian; aso `w" niSnavs oTx dRes(p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.267-270).p.ingoroyvas azriT, ̀ qebaòSi" aRbeWdilia pesimizmic

qarTuli enis mdgomareobis gamo (p.ingoroyva, 1939)...p.ingoroyva `qebaòs" teqsts SedarebiT vrclad Seexo1954 wels gamoqveynebul `giorgi merCuleSi;" aqvegamoqveynebulia ̀ qebaòs" teqsti oTxive nusxis mixedviT(sadac sxva CasworebebTan erTad 94-is nacvlad 104weli figurirebs)... korneli kekeliZekorneli kekeliZekorneli kekeliZekorneli kekeliZekorneli kekeliZe meore mecnieri iyo, vinc miznad

daisaxa dasabuTebuli kvleva `qebaòs" garSemo; mandaadgina, rom iovane, igive zosime, sazRvargareTelqarTvelTa meTauri iyo Tavis droze; gadawera mravalixelnaweri, Seadgina literaturuli krebuli(imdroindeli Taviseburi enciklopedia), saeklesiokalendari, sadac qarTveli wmindanebic Seiyvana dadawera originaluri naSromebic: `qebaò da didebaòqarTulisa enisaò", sasuliero xasiaTis leqsiuflisadmi, pasqaluri xasiaTis gamokvleva da sxva(k.kekeliZe,1951, gv.146; k. kekeliZe, 1957, gv.243-278;k.kekeliZe, 1960, gv.164). k.kekeliZis azriT, `qebaòs"avtori gveubneba: qarTuli ena berZnulTan SedarebiTdRes `mdabali da dawunebulia", arada, qarTuli daberZnuli iseTive megobrebi da Tanasworni arian,viTarca nino da elene, romelTagan erTma qristianobauqadaga qarTvelebs, xolo meorem - berZnebs; amavedros, qarTuls upiratesoba aqvs berZnulTan: macxovarimeored mosvlis Jams qarTulad ganikiTxavs msoflios

(k. kekeliZe, 1960, gv.167)... rogorc Cans, ioane sabanisZismsgavsad, iovane-zosimesac ̀ maRla eWira droSa erovnuliTviTSegnebisa da Rirsebisa" - wers k.kekeliZe (ix.iqve, gv. 167)... pavle ingoroyvasa da kornelikekeliZis_qarTuli mecnierebis am ori cnobilimoRvawis_Sexedulebebi Tvisobrivad gansxvavebulor poziciad SeiZleba ganvixiloT: pavle ingoroyva`qebaòs" ganixilavs rogorc e z o T e r u l isibrZnis matarebel mesianistur Zegls, sadacgacxadebulia qarTuli enis upiratesoba sxva enebTanSedarebiT; korneli kekeliZe ki Tvlis, rom `qebaò"asaxavs qarTvelTa miswrafebas, qarTuli ena Tukultura gauTanabron berZnuls, ufro metic, qarTulisupiratesobis warmoCinebasac cdilobs avtori...simon janaSiasimon janaSiasimon janaSiasimon janaSiasimon janaSia 1958 wels gamocemul `saqarTvelos

istoriaSi" werda: `qebaò" aris himni, sadac iovane-zosime qarTul enas gansakuTrebul rols aniWebsmsoflios enaTa Soris" (s.janaSia, 1958, ud8 133)...rogorc vxedavT, simon janaSia garkveulwilad arigebszemoT warmodgenil or Tvalsazriss...1966 wels gamoqveynda marika lorTqifaniZismarika lorTqifaniZismarika lorTqifaniZismarika lorTqifaniZismarika lorTqifaniZis

àdrefeodaluri xanis qarTuli saistorio mwerloba",sadac, k.kekeliZeze dayrdnobiT, avtori askvnis: `Xsaukunis qarTul istoriografiaSi sruliadkanonzomierad Tavsdeba am xanis sazogadoebrivi a z-r o v n e b i s gamomxatveli iseTi SesaniSnaviZegli, rogoricaa iovane-zosimes `qebaò da didebaòqarTulisa enisaò"; `qebaòSi" qarTuli berZnulTanSedarebiT daCagruladaa warmodgenili awmyoSi, Tumca,

sinamdvileSi is berZnulis Tanasworiao - wers avtori(gv.110-111).`qebaòs" teqstis pirveli vrceli ganxilva gamoqveynda

1977 wels akaki baqraZisakaki baqraZisakaki baqraZisakaki baqraZisakaki baqraZis mier (`kritikuli gulani").man sanimuSod CaTvala ak.SaniZisak.SaniZisak.SaniZisak.SaniZisak.SaniZis mier 1959 welsgamoqveynebuli varianti, romelic erTvis 864 wlissinur ̀ mravalTavs": ak.baqraZis azriT, elene dedofalmagamogzavna nino saqarTveloSi, amitomac ̀ qebaòs" avtoriqarTlis momaqcevlad orives miiCnevs. ak.baqraZecdilobs, axsnas teqstSi mocemuli simboloebi(qristianuli personaJebi: lazare, nino, elene, mariami,marTa, daviT, maTe, da ricxvebi: oTxi, erTi, aTasi,oTxi aTasi, oTxmocdaToTxmeti, asi); igi askvnis:arabobis Semdeg _ erTobili saqarTvelos aRdgenisperiodSi _ TandaTanobiT SemuSavda azri qarTulienis RvTaebrivi bunebis Sesaxeb. es idea yvelazesrulad gamoxatulia polemikuri xasiaTis himniT:`qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò" (gv.12_20).1979 wels dabeWdil akaki gelovanisakaki gelovanisakaki gelovanisakaki gelovanisakaki gelovanis naSromSi:

`1000 weli qarTulis Zeglisa" (mnaTobi, 1979, #3)gavrcobil-gazviadebulia k.kekeliZis mosazreba; kerZod,avtori wers: berZnebi da qarTvelebi Zmebi arian(nino da elene!), amitom, iovane-zosimes azriT, maTienebi Tanabari pativiscemis Rirsni arian... `qebaò"erTa megobrobis saocari Canasaxia" - askvnis avtori(gv.183-184)... ak.gelovani fiqrobs, rom ̀ qebaòs" mixedviT,qarTuli ena 4000 wlis Semdeg aRdgeba (gv.182)...ramaz patariZemramaz patariZemramaz patariZemramaz patariZemramaz patariZem 1981-87 wlebSi xuTi werili

uZRvna `qebaòs”; misi azriT, `qebaò" aris qarTuli

enis didebis himni; masSi devs qarTul asomTavrulanbanTan qarTuli erovnuli welTa aRricxvis mimarTebissaidumlo; agreTve, SefarviT gacxadebulia Zv.w. 284weli anu pirveli weli sayovelTao saxelmwifoqarTuli enisa da sruliad saxelmwifo qarTulimwignobrobis SemoRebisa (r.patariZe, 1981, gv.162);mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom r.patariZe qarTuli anbanisada welTa aRricxvis problemebs ikvlevs...1982-1990 wlebSi daibeWda zurab kiknaZiszurab kiknaZiszurab kiknaZiszurab kiknaZiszurab kiknaZis oTxi

statia (`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1982, 25 ivnisi,gv.6; `kritika", 1985, # 1; `skola da cxovreba",1990, # 3); misi azriT, `qebaòs" saidumloSi arigulisxmeba anbanis Seqmnis saidumlo; `qebaòSi"nagulisxmevia mkvdreTiT aRdgomis saidumlo; Sdr.;qristes megobari iovane ̀ saidumlos" acxadebs, xololazare (aseve qristes megobari)_ganicdis; àRdgomalazares piradi gamocdilebaa, riTac winaswar iqnamoswavebuli sayovelTao aRdgoma ukanaskneli dRisa"(z.kiknaZe, 1982, gv.6); qarTuli ena aris qristesmsaxuri, misi saidumlos Semnaxavi; àm eniT yvelaenas anu e r s ganucxadebs ufali ̀ yovel saidumlos"anu aRdgomis saidumlos" (iqve, gv.6). z.kiknaZis azriT,`qebaòSi" moxseniebuli 4000 weli aris dro meoredmosvlamde (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23).1983 wels gamoqveynda nugzar papuaSvilisnugzar papuaSvilisnugzar papuaSvilisnugzar papuaSvilisnugzar papuaSvilis werili:

`qebaòs" fakultatiuri swavlebisaTvis" (qarTuliena da literatura skolaSi, #2, gv.78-89). n.papuaSvilifiqrobs, rom `himnSi" warmoCenilia qarTuli enissakraluri buneba; ìovane zosimes azriT, qarTuli

ena aris pirvelqmnili adamis ena; RmerTi yovelxalxs (yovelsa enasa) am eniT amxilebs: qristemàmiTa eniTa" unda gaasamarTlos adamianebi da erebimeored mosvlis Jams" (gv.81).1983 wlis 22 aprils ̀ literaturul saqarTveloSi"

Tamaz CxenkelmaTamaz CxenkelmaTamaz CxenkelmaTamaz CxenkelmaTamaz Cxenkelma kidev erTi axali interpretaciadabeWda: misi azriT, meored mosvlis Jams qristemkvdreTiT aRadgens qarTul enas, viTarca iovane-lazare aRadgina (gv.10); xolo àxali nino" anbanisSemoqmeds faravso.T.CxenkelTan polemikaSi Caeba dali firosmanaSvilidali firosmanaSvilidali firosmanaSvilidali firosmanaSvilidali firosmanaSvili

(kritika, 1983, #4); àxal ninoSi" is varaudobsnana dedofals, xolo qarTuli anbanis warmoSobisTariRi istoriuli kolxeTis arsebobis periodSigadaaqvs; `qarTuli anbani uZvelesi da upirvelesia,vidre berZnuli; mariamic ufrosi unda yofiliyomarTaze"_askvnis l8abhjcvfyfidbkb8

1983 welsave `mnaTobSi" daibeWda ediSer WeliZisediSer WeliZisediSer WeliZisediSer WeliZisediSer WeliZisgamokvleva, sadac avtori fiqrobda, rom `qebaò"gnostikuri xasiaTis Zeglia; kerZod, is Tvlida, rom`qebaò" pretenzias acxadebs qristesagan momdinare`saidumlo sibrZnis" flobaze, amdenad, `qebaò"ewinaaRmdegeba orTodoqsul qristianobaso (mkiTxvelsSevaxsenebT, rom qristianobam gnosticizmi dagmo IIIsaukuneSi)... mogvianebiT ediSer WeliZem uaryowarmodgenili Sexeduleba, magram, ramdenadac, CvendRes Zeglis Seswavlis istorias vixilavT, aq maincwarmovadgineT... amJamad Cven xelT gvaqvs 1988 welsdawerili e.WeliZis gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri Sroma,

sadac is wers, rom `qebaòs" saidumlo jer kidev`dabeWdulia" (dafarulia-t.f.) mkiTxvelisaTvis" (gv.1)...`qebaòs" ramdenime werili uZRvna guram narsiZemguram narsiZemguram narsiZemguram narsiZemguram narsiZem

(ganTiadi, 1984, # 6; mnaTobi, 1986, #4...); misiazriT, leqsSi gacxadebulia udidesi saidumlo -meored mosvlis TariRi: qarTuli ena aRdgeba 4000wlis Semdeg (g. narsiZe, 1984, gv.170-171); g. narsiZefiqrobs, rom iovane-zosime wers qarTul enazesuliwmindis gadmosvlis Sesaxeb; aqve, mkvlevarma`qebaòs" avtori xiliaizmis mimdevrad gamoacxada (g.narsiZe, 1986, gv. 142-144); mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT,rom `xiliaizmi" IV saukunis Semdeg mwvaleblobadgamocxadda; xiliaizmis mimdevarTa mixedviT, meoredmosvla mosalodneli iyo uaxloes periodSi... aqveminda aRvniSno, rom `qebaòs” avtorze xiliaizmismimdevrobis dabraleba ganapiroba g. narsiZispatriotulma suliskveTebam: mas surda, Cveni welT-aRricxvis 342-343 wlebiT daeTariRebina Zegli dauZveles daTariRebul Txzulebad warmoeCina igi(swored amave mizeziT, Cvens mier dasaxelebul bevrsxva mkvlevarsac mouvida cdomileba...).Jurnal ̀ paralelSi" (1984, gv.158-181) gamoqveynebul

statiaSi murTaz CaxavamurTaz CaxavamurTaz CaxavamurTaz CaxavamurTaz Caxava Tvlis, rom `qebaò"apokalifsuri Zeglia, sadac weria, rom ioane maxarebelikacobriobas uflis ̀ saidumlo sityvas" qarTul enazedaubrunebs: ̀ ioanes avtorobas, marTalia, apokalifsigvauwyebs, magram misi wignis qarTulobas zosimemigvaniSnebs" - wers m.Caxava (gv.167).nodar kandelakisanodar kandelakisanodar kandelakisanodar kandelakisanodar kandelakisa da guram cercvaZisguram cercvaZisguram cercvaZisguram cercvaZisguram cercvaZis azriT,

`qebaò" inaxavs qarTuli welTa aRricxvis saidumlos;kerZod, `qebaòSi" moxsenebuli `94 weli" qarTuliwelTa aRricxvis sinqronizaciis welia, amdenad, ̀ qebaòs"didi mniSvneloba aqvs qronologiuri sistemebisaTvis(1987, gv.157-158).1987 wels `macneSi", xolo 1990 wels wignSi:

`saqarTvelos sulieri missia" gamoqveynda zviadzviadzviadzviadzviadgamsaxurdiasgamsaxurdiasgamsaxurdiasgamsaxurdiasgamsaxurdias `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò".sqolioSi miTiTebulia, rom naSromi erTi nawiliavrceli gamokvlevisa, romelsac avtori amzadebs iovane-zosimes esqatologiisa (moZRvreba msoflios saboloobedis Sesaxeb) da masTan dakavSirebuli filologiurida eTnologiuri problemebis Sesaxeb. mecnieriTavidanve SeniSnavs, rom miznad ara aqvs, Suqi mohfinosyvela saWirboroto sakiTxs, Tumca, kvlevis procesSiTiTqmis yvela problemaa ganxiluli.zviad gamsaxurdia, pirvel rigSi, arkvevs termin

ènis" mniSvnelobas; misi marTebuli daskvniT, ̀ qebaòSi"gamoyenebuli aRniSnuli leqsema upirvelesadgulisxmobs `qarTvel ers" (gv.43). `qebaòs" sxvamkvlevarebs gakvriT hqondaT miniSnebuli, rom leqsSigamoyenebuli sityva-forma èna" am enis matarebelxalxsac moiazrebs; gavixsenoT Tundac grigol robaqiZissityvebi: `qebaò" aRiqmeba rogorc cxovelyofilisaxe qarTvelobisa"... zviad gamsaxurdiam pirvelmaaqcia ̀ qebaòs" ̀ daSifruli" koncefciis amosaval cnebadsityva èna", riTac qarTuli enis himnad monaTlulipoeturi qmnileba qarTveluri modgmis didebis ZegladwarmoaCina.

zemoT davinaxeT da qvemoTac kidev gavadevnebTTvals, rom yoveli mkvlevari Tavisi profesiisa daganaTlebis mixedviT eZebs `qebaòs" teqstSi`damarxuli" saidumlos g a s a R e b s; amTaviTveaRvniSnavT: zviad gamsaxurdiaseuli xedva uTuodgansazRvra ara mxolod misma farTo erudiciam,aramed 200-wlovani monobis gamo daTrgunulqarTvelobaSi rwmenis ganmtkicebis dauokebelmasurvilma.zviad gamsaxurdias azriT, `qebaò da didebaò

qarTulisa enisaò" gveubneba: qarTveli eri ZvelmsoflioSi ganfenili protoiberiuli modgmismemkvidrea da iarsebebs meored mosvlamde (gv.45);suliwminda qarTuli enis, qarTveli eris meSveobiTganaxorcielebs Tavis misias, rodesac amxelskacobriobas meored mosvlis Jams (gv.58)... zviadgamsaxurdia Tvlis, rom ̀ qebaòs" mixedviT, qarTvelurimodgma anu promeTes kultura anu iberiuli ena,odesRac Zlieri da aRzevebuli, X saukunisTvis ukve4000 wlis damdablebulia, ̀ mkvdaria"; es ̀ damdableba"igive qristianuli naTlisRebaa da gardauvlad mosdevsaRdgoma (gv.70); X saukunidan, kerZod, iovane-zosimesdroidan ukve iwyeba qarTveluri modgmis aRorZineba- askvnis mkvlevari.zviad gamsaxurdias naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg

kidev ramdenime statia daibeWda; avtorebsgamsaxurdiaseuli versia arc uaruyviaT da arcmxardaWera gamouxatavT.dimitri janeliZis dimitri janeliZis dimitri janeliZis dimitri janeliZis dimitri janeliZis azriT (`sabWoTa xelovneba",

1989, #4, gv.54), ̀ qebaò" gvamcnobs qarTuli xatovanida lursmuli damwerlobis Seqmnis TariRs; kerZod,Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-3 aTaswleulSi Seiqmnapirveli qarTuli damwerlobao...avT.ioselianisavT.ioselianisavT.ioselianisavT.ioselianisavT.ioselianis mixedviT (qarTuli mwignobrobis,

wignisa da stambis istoriis sakiTxebi, 1990), ̀ qebaòSi"gaigivebulia qarTuli ena da qarTuli mwignobrobaanu anbani (gv.23); misi azriT, iovane-zosime `yovelsasaidumloSi" gulisxmobs qarTuli enis xasiaTs: misgramatikul wyobas, leqsikur marags, amouwuravsintaqsur SesaZleblobebs...ucnauri kvleva Caatara revaz berulavamrevaz berulavamrevaz berulavamrevaz berulavamrevaz berulavam; man

gazeT èrSi" dabeWda statia `qebaòdan" kompiuteriTamocnobili mesia" (17.04.1991); misi dakvirvebiT, Tu`qebaòSi" gamoyenebul aso-niSnebs sixSiris mixedviTdavalagebT, wavikiTxavT mesiamesiamesiamesiamesia-s; iovane-zosimemdaSifrulad mogvawoda es sityvao - gveubneba sagazeTostatiis avtori; revaz berulavamve Tavisi werilis`minawerSi" mesiad daasaxela zviad gamsaxurdia...aRniSnul gazeTs mkacrad gamoexmaura saqarTvelospirveli prezidenti; kerZod, gazeT ̀ ers" (redaqtoriiyo apolon silagaZe) gaugzavna werili, romelicucvlelad mogvyavs:

`w`w`w`w`werili gazeT èris" redaqciisadmi"erili gazeT èris" redaqciisadmi"erili gazeT èris" redaqciisadmi"erili gazeT èris" redaqciisadmi"erili gazeT èris" redaqciisadmi"

`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze`qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia"`qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia"`qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia"`qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia"`qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia"erTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gvianerTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gvianerTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gvianerTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gvianerTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gviangavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"gavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"gavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"gavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"gavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"

SeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebulSeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebulSeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebulSeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebulSeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebulRmerTTan,RmerTTan,RmerTTan,RmerTTan,RmerTTan, ieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxvaieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxvaieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxvaieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxvaieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxvamessia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovsmessia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovsmessia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovsmessia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovsmessia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovskacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis maskacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis maskacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis maskacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis maskacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis masmomavalSi.momavalSi.momavalSi.momavalSi.momavalSi.Sesa Zloa , avtori werilisa gulwrfeliSesa Zloa , avtori werilisa gulwrfeliSesa Zloa , avtori werilisa gulwrfeliSesa Zloa , avtori werilisa gulwrfeliSesa Zloa , avtori werilisa gulwrfeli

pativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magrampativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magrampativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magrampativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magrampativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magramCemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad,Cemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad,Cemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad,Cemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad,Cemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad,yovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalzeyovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalzeyovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalzeyovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalzeyovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalzecudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT,cudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT,cudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT,cudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT,cudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT,vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels".vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels".vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels".vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels".vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels". zviad gamsaxurdia, 1991 wlis 28 aprili

warmodgenili werili dabeWdilia gazeT èrSi"1991 wlis 8 maiss; amave nomerSi gamoqveynda guramTevzaZis polemikuri xasiaTis naSromi, sadacargumentirebuladaa uaryofili revaz berulavaskompiuteruli kvlevis Sedegebisa da iovane-zosimesCanafiqris Tanxvdeniloba.vfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbcvfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbcvfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbcvfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbcvfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbc lfcrdybs7 3mt,f~4 fh fhbc ktmcb

fhw ajhvbs lf fhw ibyffhcbs ~ilh87g8byujhj.df7 !(%&7

ud8&$(`8 bub itbwfdc hfvltybvt vbrhjntmcnc7 hjvkt,bw

udbvnrbwt,ty mfhsekb tybc ufycfresht,ekj,fc7 fuhtsdt

kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekb tybc bubdtj,fc8

htdfp cbhf'tvhtdfp cbhf'tvhtdfp cbhf'tvhtdfp cbhf'tvhtdfp cbhf'tv gfhfktkb uffdkj 3mt,f~cf4 lf IX-Xcfereytt,bc ,ekufhtkb vothkbc - xthyjhbptw [hf,hbc

vbth itmvybk yfofhvjt,c ijhbc8 jhbdt yfofhvjt,bc vbpfybf

,th'yek tyfcsfy eakt,hbdfl uffsfyf,hjc vij,kbehb tyf

~,ekufhtksf vjmwtdf lf ckfdehb fy,fybc itmvyf vj[lf *^#

otkc`888 h8cbhf'bc fphbs7 fvudfhb s[pekt,t,bc vbpfybf

3nhbkbyudbcnbrbc4 stjhbbc 2 cfvb ovbylf tybc stjhbbc 2

efh.jaf8

itybidyf5 mhbcntc ]dfhwvbcfc ]dfhc cfv tyfpt

~,th'yekfl7 kfsbyehfl lf t,hfekfl` tothf

3beltdtksf vtat49 nhbkbyudbcnbrbc stjhbbc

vb[tldbs v[jkjl fv cfv tyfpt eylf itmvybkb.j

lfvothkj,f888

h8cbhf'bc vc]tkj,bc vb[tldbs 3mt,f~ib4 ufnfht,ekbf fphb7

hjv vtjhtl vjcdkbc lhjc flfvbc tybc_fhfvtekbc flubkc

mfhsekb tyf lfbzthc5 fv lhjc fqlut,f vbcb kjujcehb

,eyt,f ~h8cbhf't7 !((@7 ud8^%`8

!((# otkc lf,tzlbk dkflbvth xe,byb'bcdkflbvth xe,byb'bcdkflbvth xe,byb'bcdkflbvth xe,byb'bcdkflbvth xe,byb'bc obuyib5

3cfcofekb4 ewyfehflff fvj[cybkb ~0` 3qebaòs" cfblevkj5

fdnjhbc fphbs7 mfhsekb tybc 3itysfy vtjhtl vjcdkbc ~0`

itvltu ut'ktdf bctsb wjlyf7 hjv qvthsbc njkb fye bubd

qvthsb [lt,b4888 ~ud8#$^`9 d8xe,byb't mfhsekb tybc obyfcf[tl

fqflutyc vtuhekc ~ud8##@`7 hjvtkbw vfc vcjakbjc .dtkf

tybc cfo.bcfl vbfxybf ~ud8##)`8

!(($ otkc ufvjwtvek obuyib5 3vcjakbjc lfcf,fvbctekb

fqvjxtyf4 ubdb fkfpybcgbhtkb fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3qebaòs"vb[tldbs eafkb ltlfvbofpt ufvjxylt,f @))) okbcfsdbc ~ud8^(`8

!((% otkc mesfbcib ufvjmdt.ylf hjpf ltdlfhbfybchjpf ltdlfhbfybchjpf ltdlfhbfybchjpf ltdlfhbfybchjpf ltdlfhbfybc obuyb5

3mhbcnbfyekb vothkj,bc cfsfdtt,sfy47 cflfw ̀ qebaòs" itcf[t,ofhvjlutybkb vc]tkj,bc vb[tldbs7 3fgjrfkbacbc4

idbl,tzlbfyb qdsft,hbdb obuyb ~hjvtkcfw vtjhtl vjcdkbc

;fvc vfvf qvthsb uflfcwtvc vtcbfc` lf mfhsekb tyf bltynehb

ibyffhcbc wyt,t,bf ~h8ltdlfhbfyb7 !((%7 ud8!#@`8

!((^ otkc vrbs[dtkvf vbbqj vsfdfhtgbcrjgjc fyfybffyfybffyfybffyfybffyfybf

]fafhb'bc]fafhb'bc]fafhb'bc]fafhb'bc]fafhb'bc 3cfmfhsdtkjc cfvjwbmekj trktcbbc bcnjhbbc4

I njvb8 fdnjhbc fphbs7 3mt,f~ib4 yfobyfcofhvtn.dtkt,bf

lfrybyt,ekb mfhsekb tybc sfdbc resdybk eakt,t,ib

fqlutyf9 rth'jl7 hfvltyflfw yfofhvjt,b lfothbkbf VIcfereybc lfcfo.bcib7 yfobyfcofhvtn.dtkt,b lhj lfluf ($

~fy !)$` okbc itvltu8 t8b8 VI cereybc vboehekc ~f8]fafhb't7

!((^7 ud8#$)-#$#`9 3itvlujv cfereytib rdkfd itbpqelf

mfhsekb tyf8 bc sfdbc eakt,t,ib chekfl fqlut,f nfj-

rkfh]tsbc7 fa[fptsbcf lf rf[ts-/thtsbc cfvtajt,bc itmvybc

itvlujv8 tc vfhskfw /ufdlf kfpfhtc fqlubyt,fc VI-VIIcfereytt,bc ltdyfcsfy itlfht,bs4 ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 #$$`8

!((^ okbc # ctmntv,hbc ufpts 3mesfbcib4 ufvjmdt.ylf

vfhbfv x[tb'bcvfhbfv x[tb'bcvfhbfv x[tb'bcvfhbfv x[tb'bcvfhbfv x[tb'bc cnfnbf5 3ofhqdyfvltkb b,thbekb tyf49 vbcb

fphbs7 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~s" fdnjhb akj,lf

e'dtktc cfqdsj othbkj,bs o.fhjc9 o.fhjib fqybiyekb

eylf .jabkb.j ofhqdyfvltkb tybcf lf 'dtkb b,thbekb

tybc bubdtj,f9 v8x[tb'bc fphbs7 pjcbvt sdkbc7 hjv b,thbekb

eybdthcfkehb tyf itbmvyf ofhqdyfvltkb wbdbkbpfwbbc

lfae'yt,bcfc84

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4 mfhsdtkehb

wyj,btht,bc7 reknehbc vybidytkjdfyb7 itb'kt,f bsmdfc7

eybrfkehb 'tukb hjv fhbc7 firfhff7 fvltyfl7 vbc itcf[t,

vjvfdfkibw fk,fs ,tdhb ufvjrdktdf lfbotht,f8 xdty mdtvjs

ofhvjdflutys ntmcnbc ltnfkeh fyfkbpc7 fm7 itcofdkbc

bcnjhbbc eahj chekb cehfsbc itcfmvytkfl itdxthlt,bs

rbltd hfvltybvt cfrbs[bc ufhitvj5

ktybyuhflbc cf]fhj ,b,kbjstrbc obuyscfwfdib gfdkt

byujhj.dfc vbth vbrdktek bjdfyt-pjcbvtc [tkyfothsfufy

ths-thsb itbwfdc rht,ekbc cfhxtdc8 cfhxtdbc ,jkj

gfhfuhfabf 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovbylbcf~ lf mfhsdtksf~lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~48 g8byujhj.dfc fphbs7 fm eylf .jabkb.j

cfvb ntmcnb5 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovblbcf~47 3mt,f~mfhsdtksf~4 lf 3mt,f~ ~itc[vf~` mfhsdtksf ~mfhsekbcf`

tybcfò". fvfsufy gbhdtkb lf vtcfvt xdtyfvlt vjqotekbf7

[jkj vtjht lfrfhuekbf ~g8byujhj.df7 !(%&7 ud8 &$*`8

xdtyb fphbs7 vtjht ntmcnb - 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~4 lfrfhuekb

fh fhbc7 dbyfblfy ptvj[ctyt,ek cfhxtdib vbsbst,ekbf fhf

cfvb7 fhfvtl jhb ntmcnb5 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovblbcf~4lf 3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~49 gbhdtkb

ntmcnb vskbfyj,fib ofhvjflutyc cf,fcf lf cf,fovblbc mt,fc7

[jkj vtjht ntmcnb fctdt vskbfyj,fibf mfhsdtksf lf

mfhsdtksf tybc mt,f7 [jn,f+

fvudfhfl7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtcfsdbc yfstkb b.j7 hjv ntmcnb7

hjvtkbw vfy fhfthsupbc uflfothf7 b.j mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc7

mfhsdtkj,bc7 vbcb reknehbc7 tybc [jn,f lf fvbnjvfw

itehxbf vfc fvudfhb cfsfehb8 hjujhw mdtvjsfw dyf[fds7

ntmcnbc fyfkbpb cfdct,bs ezthc v[fhc fvudfh uffpht,fc8

3mt,f~4 fh fhbc7 thsb v[hbd7 gtcbvbcnehb fov.jc lf7 vtjhtv[hbd7 vjvfdfkib vbcb fqptdt,bc bvtlbc ufvjv[fndtkb ktmcb-

obyfcofhvtn.dtkt,f+ 3mt,f~4 fhbc v[jkjl lf v[jkjl

mfhsdtkj,bcf lf mfhsekb tybc ufvjhxtekj,bc /bvyb8 c[df

se fhfathb7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth ithxtekb .dtkf cfsfehb

thsvybidytkjdyfl 3itc[vfc47 3mt,fc4 vjbfpht,c ~ntmcnbc

lfodhbkt,bsb fyfkbpb b[8 mdtvjs`8 rfyjybrehb mhbcnbfyekb

vothkj,bcsdbc7 rjyrhtnekfl rb /bvyjuhfabbcfsdbc

lfvf[fcbfst,tkb fh fhbc pbupfubct,hb uhflfwbf5 ]th fvfqkt,f7

itvltu lfwtvf7 itvltu bctd fvfqkt,f lf f8i8 nhflbwbekfl7

mt,bc7 itc[vbc7 [jn,bc j,btmnb7 hjwf vothfkc itvj/.fdc

vrbs[dtkbc ~vcvtytkbc` sdfksf[tldfib7 erdt fvfqkt,ekbf9

vbc ofhcek lfwtvekj,fpt7 cbrybytpt kfgfhfrbc ufuh'tkt,f

fhwff vjcfkjlytkb ~fv rjyntmcnib7 ,eyt,hbdbf7 fh ufyb[bkt,f

.dtkf ovbylfybcfsdbc lfvf[fcbfst,tkb 3sdbsfqbfht,f47

sfdvlf,kj,f lf f8i8`9 fmtlfy ufvjvlbyfhtw7 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~4 fh eylf b.jc 3jhgjkecbfyb4 ibyffhcbc

vmjyt ~fov.jib 2 lfrybyt,ekb9 vjvfdfkib - fvfqkt,ekb`8

vjwtvek rjyntmcnib cfbynthtcjf fuhtsdt 3mt,f~c4ntmcnbcf lf lfdfsbc cntkbc cbe;tnbc cbf[kjdtpt vc]tkj,f5

!(*% okbc !( vfbcc ufpts 3rjveybcnib4 ufvjmdt.ylf

u8f,hfvbidbkbcf lf p8fktmcb'bc cnfnbf9 vfsb fphbs7

3brjyjuhfabek rjvgjpbwbt,ib lfcfidt,bf v[jkjl vfw[jdhbc7

]dhbcf lf qdsbcvij,kbc fvfqkt,bc7 ufylblt,bc cwtyf9 lfdfsbc

cntkfpt qdsbcvij,kbc flubkfcff fy,fyb7 [jkj ,hlf'jhbc

cntkfpt ~VI cfereyt` rb 2 celfhfib uf[dtekb kfpfht84

lfdfsbc cntkfw VI cfereybc 'tukflff vbxytekb ~r8vfxf,tkb7

!(*(7 ud8#$-$&`8 lfdfsbc cntkfpt ofhvjlutybkb fcjvsfdhekb

fy,fyb bvsfdbsdt mfhsek tyfcsfy ufbubdlf9 vskbfyfl cbe;tnb

rb 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnbc fyfkjubeh stvfl ufvjw[fllf8 3mt,f~c4ibyffhcbcf lf lfdfsbc cntkbc cbe;tnbc stvfnehb bubdtj,f7

hfvltyflfw xdtysdbc wyj,bkbf7 fhwths vrdktdfhc cftzdjl

fh ufe[lbf8 h8hfvbidbkb7 h8gfnfhb't7 p8ufvcf[ehlbf7 u8yfhcb't7

fds8bjctkbfyb lf c[dfyb fhuevtynbht,ekfl vbbxytdlyty fvudfh

itgbhbcgbht,fc9 eahj vtnbw7 vfu87 fds8bjctkbfybc fphbs7

,hlf'jhbc cntkfptw kfpfhtc fvfqkt,fib mfhsekb tyff

vjfpht,ekb53lfdfsbcf lf ,hlf'jhbc cntkfpt ufvj[fnekb

cwtyt,b thsvfytsbcfufy v[jkjl bvbs ufyc[dfdlt,bfy7 hjv

lblt,bc ifhfdfyltlib thsufy mfhsekb fy,fybf7 [jkj vtjhtufy

2 kfpfht8 lfdfsbcf lf ,hlf'jhbc cntkfptw itho.vekbf

jhb cbv,jkj 2 kfpfhtcb ~mhbcntc vtuj,hbc` lf bltf

mfhsekb tybc fqjh'byt,bcf kfpfhtcsfy ufbubdt,bs4

~fds8bjctkbfyb7 !(()7 ud8%#`8

dabmhj,s7 cfrbs[bc itcofdkbc bcnjhbbc pjuflb cehfsbw

fsdfkcfxbyjt,c7 hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4mfhsekb vjluvbcf lf tybc cflblt,tkbf7 sevwf firfhff

bcbw7 hjv vrdktdfhsf thsb yfobkb 'fkbfy fpdbflt,c 3mt,f~c4fdnjhbc 3fphc4 lf mfhsekc flfvbc tyfl sdkbc8 vtjht

yfobkb rb frybyt,c cfufkj,kbc fdnjhbc rjywtawbfc lf

v[jkjl ,th'yeksfy mfhsekbc sfyfcojhj,bc vjnbdfvlt

lf/.fdc888 .jdtkb thb sfdbc bcnjhbek aeymwbfc se vbcbfc

jlbsufydt t'bt,c7 sfdbc ofhcekc qdsft,t,sfy frfdibht,c7

hbsfw sfdbc sfdib f.fkb,t,c sdbsuflfhxtybc7 se ufphlf-

uf'kbtht,bc gthcgtmnbdfc9 mfhsdtkb thbc thjdyek-

cf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,f fk,fs e'dtktcb gthbjlblfy

bqt,c cfsfdtc9 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7 afmnbf7 hjv thjdyekb

sdbsituyt,bc fcgtmnbs7 VI cfereybc cntkfpt fvfqkt,ekfl

ofhvjlutybkb mfhsekb tyf7 cfufkj,tkb5 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~mfhsdtksf lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~ 4 7 X cfereybc

vjqdfobc_ubjhub vthxekbc wyj,bkb rjywtawbf

cfmfhsdtkjc cfpqdht,bc itcf[t,7 'dtk mfhsdtk vtvfnbfytsf

vwltkj,fyb7 b,thsf ~mfhsdtksf` ofhvjvfdkj,f ,b,kbehb

gthcjyf;t,blfy lfto.js7 fuhtsdt5 mfhsdtkehb lf ,th'yekb

vbsjkjubehb ofhvjlutyt,b fvbhfyb-ghjvtstc7 fbtnbcf lf

vtltfc itcf[t, thsbfy thjdyek-gfnhbjnek rjyntmcnib

itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs888

fmdt fqdybiyfds bvfcfw7 hjv lfdfsbc cntkfpt ofhvjlutybkb

rjvgjpbwbf lfwekb udfmdc vfs[j]bc ov8,fcbkbc trktcbbc

ths 'dtk [fnptw9 fh fhbc ufvjhbw[ekb7 fvudfhb c[df

ljrevtynt,bw fqvjxyltc7 hfvltyflfw vhfdfk tyfpt

fvtn.dtkt,ek vjwbmeksf rehs[tdbs7 vfhskvflblt,kj,f

vij,kbehb tybc lfafct,bc se 3itc[vbc4 cfae'dtkc sfdbcsfdfl

fvpflt,c888

i t y bid y f 5 3 m t , fitybidy f 5 3 m t , fitybidy f 5 3 m t , fitybidy f 5 3 m t , fitybidy f 5 3 m t , f~ s " S e s w a vl i s i stor i i s~ s " S e s w a vl i s i stor i i s~ s " S e s w a vl i s i stor i i s~ s " S e s w a vl i s i stor i i s~ s " S e s w a vl i s i stor i i s

sakiTxebi"sakiTxebi"sakiTxebi"sakiTxebi"sakiTxebi" ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc

s,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfls,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfls,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfls,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfls,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfl

uf v c f [ehlbfc ^) okbcsf db c flvb vb 'qdybkufvc f [ehlbfc ^) okbcsf db c flvb vb 'qdybkufvc f [ehlbfc ^) okbcsf db c flvb vb 'qdybkufvc f [ehlbfc ^) okbcsf db c flvb vb 'qdybkufvc f [ehlbfc ^) okbcsf db c flvb vb 'qdybk

cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkibcfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkibcfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkibcfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkibcfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkib

~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j`~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j`~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j`~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j`~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j`

ufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhbufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhbufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhbufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhbufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhb

b[bkfdcb[bkfdcb[bkfdcb[bkfdcb[bkfdc 3mt,f3mt,f3mt,f3mt,f3mt,f~s"~s"~s"~s"~s" variantebs da teqstis variantebs da teqstis variantebs da teqstis variantebs da teqstis variantebs da teqstis calkeulcalkeulcalkeulcalkeulcalkeul

muxlebs.muxlebs.muxlebs.muxlebs.muxlebs.

Tavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi IIITavi III`qeba~s" teqstologiur - semantikuri`qeba~s" teqstologiur - semantikuri`qeba~s" teqstologiur - semantikuri`qeba~s" teqstologiur - semantikuri`qeba~s" teqstologiur - semantikuri

analizis sakiTxebianalizis sakiTxebianalizis sakiTxebianalizis sakiTxebianalizis sakiTxebiideur-mxatvruli Tu ezoTerul-egzoTeruli

TvalsazrisiT monoliTuri sagalobeli, saTaurisCaTvliT TerTmet monakveTad (muxlad) SeiZlebawarmovadginoT; ganvixilavT TiToeuls cal - calke:

[1] `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"[1] `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"[1] `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"[1] `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"[1] `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"

samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxvagvaradaagaazrebuli sityva-forma ̀ ena"; pavle ingoroyvas azriT,sagalobeli ̀ warmoadgens qarTuli enis mistiur xotbas"(p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.267); gr.robaqiZis xatovaniSeniSvniT, `qebaò" aRiqmeba rogorc cxovelmyofelisaxe qarTvelobisa" (`vaJas engandi"), amdenad, aqpirvelad Cans gaigivebuli qarTuli ena da qarTveli

eri... 1981 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi zurab kiknaZemerT konteqstSi paralelurad warmoadgina eri daena (gv.6).n.papuaSvilma pirvelma xazgasmiT dawera, rom ̀ qebaòSi”

xdeba enisa da xalxis gaigiveba (n.papuaSvili, 1983,gv.81).zviad gamsaxurdia pirveli mecnieria, vinc `qebaòs”

avtoriseuli koncefciis amosaval sityvad aqcia enaenaenaenaenaeris~vjluvbc` ufut,bs~p8ufvcf[ehlbf7 !(*&`8 xdtyb fphbs7 cfufkj,tkib ktmctvf 3tyf4 jhbdt

vybidytkj,bsff ufvj.tyt,ekb9 itcf,fvbcfl7 cfsfehibw

3mfhsekb tyf4 mfhsdtkeh vjluvfcfw ybiyfdc8 cffvbcjlcfertstcj cf,esfl vbudfxybf sfdfl bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth

ithxtekb ths-thsb cfsfehb5 3itc[vfò mfhsdtksfò lfmfhsdtksf tybcfò 488

3lfvfh[ek fhc tyf 3lfvfh[ek fhc tyf 3lfvfh[ek fhc tyf 3lfvfh[ek fhc tyf 3lfvfh[ek fhc tyfòòòòò mfhsekb lqtlvlt mfhsekb lqtlvlt mfhsekb lqtlvlt mfhsekb lqtlvlt mfhsekb lqtlvlt

vtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hfvtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hfvtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hfvtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hfvtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hfòòòòòsfsfsfsfsf.jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4.jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4.jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4.jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4.jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4

gfdkt byujhj.df ~!(@$7 ud8 @^*`5 3mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekbf

vtjhtl vjcdkbcfsdbc lf erfyfcrytkb ufyc]f vtcbbc vbthmfhsek tyfpt vj[lt,f45

rjhytkb rtrtkb't ~!(*)7 ud8!^&`5 3vfw[jdfhb fv tyfptufybrbs[fdc lf fv[bkt,c vcjakbjc4888 vtwybthsf lblb yfobkb

tsfy[vt,f fvudfh ufyvfhnt,fc8tlbith ztkb'bcf lf pehf, rbryf'bc fphbs7 3fv[tkc4

cbn.df-ajhvf uekbc[vj,c ufw[flt,fc7 ufv[tkfc ~b[87 vfu87 tlbithztkb'bc [tkyfothb ihjvf9 b[87 fuhtsdt5 t9ztkb't7 !(*#9 p8rbryf't7

!(()`8dabmhj,s7 hjv hfvltyflfw tyf ~vjluvf` lf v[bkt,f

~ufw[flt,f` gjkbctvfynehb cbn.dt,bf7 3mt,fòs4 fdnjhc jhbdtptvjs vj.dfybkb fphb itb'kt,jlf tuekbc[vf9 cfthsjl73mt,fòs4 se 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4 nbgbc itltdht,b7 seylfw lfdbsuehfvbidbkbc ktmct,b7 hfvltybvtudfh yf.jac b'ktdbfy888 3vbcbcfcfofvt,tkfl47 fr8,fmhf'bc fphbs7 3lflfcneht,fc4 ybiyfdc9

pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbf7 cfvfhskbfyfl7 fm 3ztivfhbnt,bc ofvt,fc4uekbc[vj,c ~ilh85 3dofvj ztivfhbnb49 bjdfyt7 !*7 #&`8

3lf tct tyf3lf tct tyf3lf tct tyf3lf tct tyf3lf tct tyf~~~~~ v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt

lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmlf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmlf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmlf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmlf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmAAAAAfy4fy4fy4fy4fy4

nhflbwbek uffpht,fl lfvrdblhlf g8 byujhj.dfctekbdthcbf5 ̀ qarTuli ena aris axali lazare enaTa Soris,romelic lazares msgavsad mkvdreTiT aRsdgeba"(p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.268).zurab kiknaZis marTebuli daskvniT, `mZinare ars"

sinonimia `damarxulis" (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.16); Ziliaris Zalis Senaxvis wiaRi! qarTuli ena ̀ gamzadebuliaaRdgomisaTvis, rogorc sayviri mesiis xelSi, romers (`yovelsa enasa") ganucxados ukanaskneli saidumlo"(z.kiknaZe, 1981, gv. 6).amgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsiamgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsiamgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsiamgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsiamgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsi

iqneba:iqneba:iqneba:iqneba:iqneba:meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi,meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi,meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi,meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi,meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi,

Senaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa daSenaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa daSenaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa daSenaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa daSenaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa daerebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvliserebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvliserebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvliserebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvliserebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvlissaidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde -saidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde -saidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde -saidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde -saidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde -t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s a-t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s a-t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s a-t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s a-t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s a-T v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enisT v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enisT v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enisT v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enisT v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enis(modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.(modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.(modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.(modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.(modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.

`da axalman nino moaqcia da helene `da axalman nino moaqcia da helene `da axalman nino moaqcia da helene `da axalman nino moaqcia da helene `da axalman nino moaqcia da helenededofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarcadedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarcadedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarcadedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarcadedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarcamariam da marTaò"mariam da marTaò"mariam da marTaò"mariam da marTaò"mariam da marTaò"

ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, mocemuli frazispirveli swori ganmarteba pavle ingoroyvas ekuTvnis:`qarTvelni qristes sarwmunoebaze moaqcia orma qalma- ninom da elene dedofalma - da eseni arian ornidani viTarca mariam da marTa" (p.ingoroyva, 1924,gv.268). mogvianebiT, k.kekeliZis msgavsad, p.ingoroyvacwminda ninosa da elene dedoflis dawyvilebaSiqarTulisa da berZnulis Tanasworobas xedavda(p.ingoroyva, 1965, gv.594; Sdr.: k.kekeliZe, 1880,gv.167).ak.baqraZem ar gaiziara berZnulTan Tanasworobis

versia; misi azri p.ingoroyvas pirvel mosazrebasamyarebs: ninoc da elenec saqarTvelos momaqcevelniarian; rac Seexeba qarTuls, is yvela sxva enaze, maTSoris berZnulzec ukeTesia `qebaòs" avtoris azriT(ak.baqraZe, 1977, gv.11).cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos gaqristianebas didad

Seuwyves xeli konstantine didma da elene dedofalma.qarTveli mematianeebisaTvis da sasuliero pirTaTvisuTuod STambeWdavi faqti unda yofiliyo is, romwminda jvris mpovneli da mflobeli elene dedofaliuSualod Caeria saqarTvelos gaqristianebaSi; manwminda nino mociqulTa sworad da Tavis TanasworadCaTvala (`moqceva~ qarTlisa~"), amdenad, CvenTvissavsebiT damajerebelia zviad gamsaxurdiaseuli Semdegiganmarteba: `nino, mistikosi qali, naTelmxilveli,maradis mlocveli da mmarxveli da miT suliwmindis

madlis mompovebeli, Sedarebulia mariamTan, xolohelene dedofali, imperatrissa romisa, socialursferoSi moRvawe, Sedarebulia marTasTan... erTTandakavSirebulia RvTis mistiuri Wvreta, mistiuriTeologia, meoresTan _ qvelmoqmedeba da samarTlianobasocialur sferoSi... amiTvea ganmartebuli im orimodgmis missiis Tavisebureba, romlis warmomadgenlebicarian nino da helene dedofali" (z.gamsaxurdia,1990, gv.51).azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa ̀ axalman nino" frazis gagebaSic:Tamaz Cxenkelis mixedviT, ̀ axalman nino" daSifruli

saxelia qarTuli anbanis Semoqmedisa, imisa, vincTargmna qristianuli wignebi da amiT qarTuli enaqristianulad moaqcia (T.Cxenkeli, 1983); n.papuaSvilisazriT, àxalman" niSnavs axal mociquls, e.i. andriapirvelwodebulis Semdeg movlinebuls (n.papuaSvili,1983, gv.82). d.firosmanaSvilis daskvniT, èpiTetiàxalman nino" gulisxmobs nana dedofals”(d.firosmanaSvili, 1983, gv. 141). amave azrs aviTarebsmurTaz Caxavac (1984, gv.171). zviad gamsaxurdiasSeniSvniT, ̀ axalman" niSnavs ̀ pirvels", zurab kiknaZisazriT ki_`qristians" (1990, gv.16), wmindans, ̀ siaxlismomtans" (1985, gv.147)...Cveni azriT, vinaidan saxarebaSi àxali cxovreba"

sulier cxovrebas niSnavs, ̀ axali nino" unda gaviazroT,rogorc `sulieri nino", siaxlis momtani nino.

`da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmed`da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmed`da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmed`da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmed`da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmedyoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinayoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinayoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinayoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinayoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sinadamarxul ars"damarxul ars"damarxul ars"damarxul ars"damarxul ars"

`megobroba" istoriul qarTulSi `maxloblobas"niSnavs; vfiqrobT, rom mocemul taepSi nagulisxmeviunda iyos qarTuli enisa da lazares `megobroba",siaxlove, saerTooba... Sesabamisad, rogorc cocxallazareSia davanebuli ̀ aRdgomis saidumlo" (z.kiknaZe,1982, gv.6), aseve mis `megobar", msgavs, (axlobel)qarTul enaSic dafarulia, Senaxulia qristessaidumlo, romelic gacxaddeba meored mosvlis Jams...rogorc z.kiknaZe ambobs, `lazare da qarTuli enaarian msaxurni da `mneni saidumloTa RmrTisani"(z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.22).zviad gamsaxurdias azriT, ̀ qebaòs" mixedviT qarTveli

eri, qarTveluri modgma aris megobari qristesi,iseve, rogorc lazare-iovane: ài, ra igulisxmebagamoTqmaSi: `da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua"(z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.52). iqve gamoTqmuli azrismixedviT, rogorc lazare-iovane iyo mflobelikacobriobis yoveli ezoteruli saidumlosi, anusaidumlo sibrZnisa, aseve, damarxulia e.i. Semonaxuliayvela es saidumlo saqarTveloSi, qarTvel erSi daareklilia mis ènasa da kulturaSi" (gv.52).p.ingoroyvas azriT, `yoveli saidumlo" niSnavs

`RvTiur saidumlos" (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.268);r.patariZe Tvlis, rom `yoveli saidumlo" niSnavsanbanis Seqmnis saidumlos (r.patariZe, 1981, gv.162)...giorgi narsiZis azriT, aq daSifrulia meored mosvlisdro (1984, gv.170)...amgvarad, ganxiluli ori monakveTi Semdegnairad

unda gaviazroT:qarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisakenqarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisakenqarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisakenqarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisakenqarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisaken

moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;

eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò.eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò.eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò.eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò.eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò.lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi,lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi,lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi,lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi,lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi,lazares darad, Semonaxulia , davanebulialazares darad, Semonaxulia , davanebulialazares darad, Semonaxulia , davanebulialazares darad, Semonaxulia , davanebulialazares darad, Semonaxulia , davanebuliadaflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebisdaflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebisdaflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebisdaflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebisdaflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebissaidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvdasaidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvdasaidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvdasaidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvdasaidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvdalazare);lazare);lazare);lazare);lazare); rogorc zviad gamsaxurdia SeniSnavs, iovanemaxareblis TvalsazrisiT, qristes yovel saidumlosàra Tu misi mowafeni, mTeli samyaroc ver daitevs"(z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.53).

`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs, `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs, `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs, `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs, `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs,[6] Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman,[6] Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman,[6] Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman,[6] Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman,[6] Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman, rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY" rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY" rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY" rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY" rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY"

ak.baqraZis azriT, daviT winaswarmetyvelis 89-efsalmunis petre mociquliseuli perifrazi imitommohyavs `qebaòs" avtors, rom qarTvel urwmunoebsmouwodos moTminebisaken; ̀ qarTuli enis aRorZinebisdRec dadgeba, oRond velodoT moTminebiT am drosda ar unda daviviwyoT, rom RmerTisaTvis aTasiweli erTi dRea" (1977, gv.13).daviT winaswarmetyveli 89-e fsalmunSi (arc sxvagan)

oTx dReze ar laparakobs; oTxi dRis Tema sakuTriv`qeba~s" avtoris mieraa Semotanili; kerZod, igiambobs, rom lazares oTxi dRe igivea rac qarTvelobis4000 weli, vinaidan, rogorc daviT winaswarmetyveliambobs, uflisaTvis erTi dRe aTasi welia (Sdr.:fsalmuni, 89, 3,4 da II petre, 3, 8). ̀ qeba~s" ̀ oTxisadRisa mkudari" simbolurad agrZelebs lazaresa daqarTuli enis siaxlovis Temas, amdenad, Cveni azriT,`qeba~s" teqstSi gankveTiloba (mZime) unda daisvas`Tquas" win. `qeba~s" avtoris rwmeniT, rogorc

lazaresTvis oTxi dRe aris molodiniT arseboba,amgvaradve, qarTuli enisaTvis oTxi aTasi weli arismolodiniT arseboba (da amgvar arsebobas isgaagrZelebs meored mosvlamde!)... Sdr.: erTi dRe -aTasi weli; oTxi dRe - oTxi aTasi weli... amgvarimidgoma avtoris mierve gamyarebulia momdevno muxliT:

`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsaxolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoòxolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoòxolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoòxolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoòxolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoòars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,ars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,ars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,ars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,ars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa,da ese ars oTxi dRY"da ese ars oTxi dRY"da ese ars oTxi dRY"da ese ars oTxi dRY"da ese ars oTxi dRY"

SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: SeniSvna: oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili"oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili"oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili"oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili"oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili"`TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad:`TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad:`TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad:`TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad:`TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad:adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili"adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili"adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili"adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili"adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili"unda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). arunda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). arunda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). arunda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). arunda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). araris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac"aris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac"aris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac"aris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac"aris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac"niSnavdes.niSnavdes.niSnavdes.niSnavdes.niSnavdes.

maTes saxarebis qarTuli Targmanis pirveliveasoniSani aris `w", romlis ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa4000; unda vifiqroT, rom sityva-forma `maragi"warsulSi arsebul wlebs miuTiTebs (Tumca iliaabulaZis ganmartebuli sityva amis safuZvels naklebadiZleva)... 4000 aq unda miuTiTebdes dros babilonisgodolidan_enebis gaCenidan_sagaloblis daweramde(ix.qvemoT)...`qebaòs" avtori momdevno striqonSi kidev ufro

ganamtkicebs qarTuli enis 4 000 wlis istoriisa dalazares oTxi dRis igiveobis Tezas; iqve dasZens,rom orive saxis ̀ dafluloba" qristeseul naTlisRebasniSnavs: lazare RvTiuri oTxdRiani molodiniT,damarxulobiT, ̀ sikvdiliT" eziara qristes saidumlos

- aRdgomis saidumlos (da is Tavisi dumiliT inaxavsam saidumlos meored mosvlamde _ z.kiknaZe) xoloqarTuli ena (modgma) oTxiaTaswlovani warsuliarsebobiT cxadyofs Tavis RvTiurobas:

`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs,`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs,`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs,`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs,`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs,m i s Tan a v e dafluli si kudiliTam i s Tan a v e dafluli si kudiliTam i s Tan a v e dafluli si kudiliTam i s Tan a v e dafluli si kudiliTam i s Tan a v e dafluli si kudiliTa

naTlisRebisa misisaòTa"naTlisRebisa misisaòTa"naTlisRebisa misisaòTa"naTlisRebisa misisaòTa"naTlisRebisa misisaòTa"

zurab kiknaZis azriT, oTxi aTasi weli - qarTulienis niSani - unda iyos dro qristes meored mosvlamde,e.i. qarTuli ena 4 000 weli unda iyos damarxuliqristes mosvlamde (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23)...avtoriiqve acxadebs: `damarxulia dRemde" gulixmobs dRes,roca amoiwureba 4000 weli: es aris dRe meoredmosvlisa!" (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). aqve aRvniSnavT,rom ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, amgvari mosazrebapirvelad daafiqsira akaki gelovanma; misi azriT,qarTuli ena aRdgeba 4 000 wlis Semdeg (1979,gv.182); Tavdapirvelad igive azri gaiziara e.WeliZem(1983, gv.132); g.narsiZem amgvari gaazrebis safuZvelze`qebaòs" avtors `xiliaizmis" mimdevroba daabrala(g.narsiZe, 1982, gv.182)...zviad gamsaxurdias mixedviT, 4 000 weli warsul

dros asaxavs (rasac Cvenc viziarebT garkveulidazustebiT; dawvrilebiT ixileT qvemoT). dimitrijaneliZe varaudobs, rom 4 000 niSnavs qristemde me-3 aTaswleulSi qarTveluri xatovani da lursmulidamwerlobis Seqmnis TariRs (d.janeliZe, 1989, gv.54).Cveni azriT, lazares aRdgineba meoTxe dRes da

qarTvelobis gaqristianeba babilonis godolidan me-

4 aTaswleulSi (e.i. Cveni welTaRricxvis pirvelaTaswleulSi !) anu me-4 dRes `qebaòs" kidev erTmxatvrul-simbolur paralelad SeiZleba CavTvaloT.me-6, me-7, me-8 muxlebi, erTianad, Semdegnairad

gaiazreba:oTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitomoTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitomoTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitomoTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitomoTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitom

aris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorcaris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorcaris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorcaris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorcaris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorcdaviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasidaviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasidaviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasidaviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasidaviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasiweli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxiweli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxiweli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxiweli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxiweli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxiaTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuliaTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuliaTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuliaTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuliaTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuliTargmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebsTargmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebsTargmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebsTargmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebsTargmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebsoTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anuoTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anuoTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anuoTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anuoTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anuoTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arsebobaoTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arsebobaoTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arsebobaoTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arsebobaoTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arseboba(Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es dro(Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es dro(Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es dro(Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es dro(Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es droaris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorcaris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorcaris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorcaris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorcaris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorclazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTulilazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTulilazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTulilazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTulilazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTulienisa) . . . `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meoredenisa) . . . `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meoredenisa) . . . `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meoredenisa) . . . `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meoredenisa) . . . `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meoredmosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa"mosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa"mosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa"mosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa"mosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa"iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams...iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams...iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams...iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams...iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams...

`da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeuli`da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeuli`da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeuli`da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeuli`da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeulisa x eliTa uflisa~Ta , mdabali dasa x eliTa uflisa~Ta , mdabali dasa x eliTa uflisa~Ta , mdabali dasa x eliTa uflisa~Ta , mdabali dasa x eliTa uflisa~Ta , mdabali dadawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meoreddawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meoreddawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meoreddawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meoreddawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meoredmoslvisa uflisasa"moslvisa uflisasa"moslvisa uflisasa"moslvisa uflisasa"moslvisa uflisasa"

warmodgenili taepis gageba tradiciulad mcdaradxdeboda: `mdabali" da `dawunebuli" pirdapirimniSvnelobiT iqna gaazrebuli uklebliv yvelamkvlevaris mier nugzar papuaSvilis garda; esukanaskneli wers: `yvela marxuli ama qveynis TvalSimdabali da dawunebulia; qarTuli enac daflulia

`sikudiliTa naTlisRebiTa misisaòTa" (da ara mtrebismier), amitom moelis igi dResa mas meored mosvlisa(da ara erovnul aRzevebas, amqveynad kuTvniliprioritetis mopovebas)... meored mosvlas ki mianiSnebsaso `w", rogorc me-4 dReze, aRdgomis dRezemimTiTebeli (n.papuaSvili, 1983, gv.86)...ra Tqma unda, `qebaòs" avtori ar laparakobs

qarTuli enis (eris) daCagrulobaze! Semkuli,kurTxeuli, mdabali da dawunebuli erTi semantikuririgis sityvebia! vfiqrobT, `qebaòs" avtori acxadebs:qarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisganqarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisganqarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisganqarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisganqarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisgan

dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi,dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi,dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi,dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi,dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi,a r a a m a y i ( a n u md a b al i ! ) d a m a r xuli aa r a a m a y i ( a n u md a b al i ! ) d a m a r xuli aa r a a m a y i ( a n u md a b al i ! ) d a m a r xuli aa r a a m a y i ( a n u md a b al i ! ) d a m a r xuli aa r a a m a y i ( a n u md a b al i ! ) d a m a r xuli a(dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meored(dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meored(dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meored(dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meored(dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meoredmosvlasa...mosvlasa...mosvlasa...mosvlasa...mosvlasa...`qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am`qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am`qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am`qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am`qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am

gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti:gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti:gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti:gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti:gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti:

`da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da`da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da`da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da`da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da`da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc daaToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTaaToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTaaToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTaaToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTaaToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTaqristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde"qristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde"qristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde"qristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde"qristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde"

ra ricxvia 94?ras niSnavs ̀ dResamomde"? dros sagaloblis daweramde

Tu meored mosvlamde?es kiTxvebi CvenTvis upasuxod rCeba...samecniero literaturaSi 94 ramdenimenairad

`gaiSifra":pavle ingoroyvas Tavdapirveli mosazrebiT, qarTuli

welTa aRricxva 94 wliT win uswrebs berZnulisas;Semdeg gamocemebSi man cdomilebad CaTvala 94 da is

Secvala 104-iT. ak.baqraZem da r. patariZem gaiziaresp.ingoroyvas Sesworeba.e.WeliZis adrindeli versiiT, qarTvelebi 94 wliT

adre eziarnen qristianobas rev marTalis dros,xolo qristianobis legalizacia moxda 337 wels.g.narsiZe agrZelebs e.WeliZis pozicias mciredidazustebiT: `94 weli aris welTaRricxvismetnakleboba" (g.narsiZe, 1984, gv.171).m.Caxavas xilviT, saqarTveloSi saswauli moxdeba

im wels, romlis bolo ori ricxvia 94 (m.Caxava,1984, gv.173).b.ColoyaSvilis varaudiT, 94 wels saxareba qarTulad

iTargmna.zviad gamsaxurdias azriT ki, 94 aris apokalifsis

Seqmnis weli (z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.77)... Sdr.:lazare=iovane (e.m. broki), lazare=qarTuli ena.warmodgenil mosazrebebs damatebiTi argumentebi

esaWiroeba... kvlevis am etapze Cven SedarebiT sarwmunodz.gamsaxurdias axsna gveCveneba.aqve aRvniSnavT, ufro logikuri Cans, ̀ dResamomde"

sityva àqamde", ,,am dromde" formebis sinonimadmiviCnioT.

[11] `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars,[11] `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars,[11] `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars,[11] `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars,[11] `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò" mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò" mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò" mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò" mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò"

vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba,vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba,vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba,vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba,vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba,rom yov eliv e ze moTqmulis WeSm ariteb a srom yov eliv e ze moTqmulis WeSm ariteb a srom yov eliv e ze moTqmulis WeSm ariteb a srom yov eliv e ze moTqmulis WeSm ariteb a srom yov eliv e ze moTqmulis WeSm ariteb a sadasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT isadasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT isadasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT isadasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT isadasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT issagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTre-sagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTre-sagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTre-sagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTre-sagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTre-bulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,bulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,bulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,bulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,bulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,

ricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris droricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris droricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris droricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris droricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris drobabilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblisbabilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblisbabilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblisbabilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblisbabilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblisdaweris dromde.daweris dromde.daweris dromde.daweris dromde.daweris dromde.Sdr. sxva mosazrebebi: r.patariZe (1981, gv.162):

`qebaòSi” `w"-s roliT naCvenebia, rom `qarTulasomTavrulSi" ganxorcielebulia mzis (da aramTvaris!) uZravi kalendaruli sistema; es arissaidumlo, romelic damarxulia am leqsSi"... aqveaRvniSnavT, rom r.patariZe samarTlianad uWers mxarsàsi"-s nacvlad àso"-s aRdgenas...n.papuaSvili (1983, gv.86): ̀ w" mianiSnebs me-4 dReze...

* * *fvudfhfl7 `qebaòs" vskbfyb ntmcnb xdtyb rjvtynfht,bs

itvltuyfbhfl ofbrbs[t,f5

[1] mt,f mt,f mt,f mt,f mt,f~~~~~ mfhsdtksf mfhsdtksf mfhsdtksf mfhsdtksf mfhsdtksf~~~~~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf lf mfhsdtksf tybcf lf mfhsdtksf tybcf lf mfhsdtksf tybcf lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~~~~~

[2] vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb

bmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,cbmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,cbmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,cbmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,cbmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,c

~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc

~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888

[[[[[#####]]]]] tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt

ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcfufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcfufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcfufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcfufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcf

ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bcibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bcibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bcibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bcibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bc

cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8

[[[[[$$$$$]]]]] mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc

ovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhybovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhybovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhybovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhybovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhyb

lfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdflfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdflfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdflfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdflfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdf~~~~~ mfhskbcf mfhskbcf mfhskbcf mfhskbcf mfhskbcf~~~~~45-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`745-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`745-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`745-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`745-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`7

dddddbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsfbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsfbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsfbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsfbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsf~~~~~88888

[[[[[%%%%%]]]]] kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7 kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7 kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7 kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7 kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7hjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbfhjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbfhjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbfhjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbfhjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbflfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bclfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bclfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bclfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bclfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bc

~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8

[6][6][6][6][6] js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv

fhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbsfhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbsfhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbsfhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbsfhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbsobyfcofhvtn.dtkbobyfcofhvtn.dtkbobyfcofhvtn.dtkbobyfcofhvtn.dtkbobyfcofhvtn.dtkb fv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsbfv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsbfv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsbfv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsbfv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsblqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $)))lqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $)))lqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $)))lqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $)))lqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $)))otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9

m fhsekb ty f 3 vjby fskf4 v fiby 7 hjwf v t 2$m fhsekb ty f 3 vjby fskf4 v fiby 7 hjwf v t 2$m fhsekb ty f 3 vjby fskf4 v fiby 7 hjwf v t 2$m fhsekb ty f 3 vjby fskf4 v fiby 7 hjwf v t 2$m fhsekb ty f 3 vjby fskf4 v fiby 7 hjwf v t 2$fsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtcfsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtcfsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtcfsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtcfsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtc~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bs~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bs~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bs~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bs~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bscfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 cfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 cfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 cfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 cfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 Sdr.;Sdr.;Sdr.;Sdr.;Sdr.; lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf

2 fqlujvf8882 fqlujvf8882 fqlujvf8882 fqlujvf8882 fqlujvf888

[7][7][7][7][7] mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw

$ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ )))$ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ )))$ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ )))$ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ )))$ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ )))otkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfptotkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfptotkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfptotkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfptotkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfptlf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$lf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$lf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$lf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$lf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8

[8] [8] [8] [8] [8] js[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[bjs[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[bjs[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[bjs[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[bjs[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[b

lqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskjlqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskjlqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskjlqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskjlqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskj,bc,bc,bc,bc,bcvjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bcvjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bcvjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bcvjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bcvjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bcgthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehbgthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehbgthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehbgthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehbgthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehbvjluvbcf ` 9 m fhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4vjluvbcf ` 9 m fhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4vjluvbcf ` 9 m fhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4vjluvbcf ` 9 m fhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4vjluvbcf ` 9 m fhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4ufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 hufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 hufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 hufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 hufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 hjltcfw 3mfhsekbjltcfw 3mfhsekbjltcfw 3mfhsekbjltcfw 3mfhsekbjltcfw 3mfhsekbtybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888tybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888tybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888tybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888tybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888

[9][9][9][9][9] mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufy mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufy mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufy mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufy mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufylfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehblfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehblfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehblfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehblfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehb[jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4 ` 9 bub[jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4 ` 9 bub[jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4 ` 9 bub[jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4 ` 9 bub[jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4 ` 9 bubcb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888cb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888cb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888cb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888cb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888

[10][10][10][10][10] mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyfl mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyfl mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyfl mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyfl mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyflfmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,cfmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,cfmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,cfmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,cfmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,cvfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifybvfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifybvfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifybvfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifybvfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifybfhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8fhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8fhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8fhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8fhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8

[11][11][11][11][11] .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7 .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7 .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7 .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7 .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7

flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888

* * *sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7 fhfdbc fh eylf /mjyltc ghtntypbf7

cf,jkjj ztivfhbnt,fl ufvjfw[fljc sfdbcb sdfksf[tldbsfqmvekb cbyfvldbkt7 vbsevtntc7 hjwf cfrbs[b t[t,f ̀ qeba~s"nbgbc cfrhfkehb mvybkt,bc ntmcnjkjubeh-ctvfynbrehfyfkbpc888 obyfvlt,fht yfihjvib ofhvjdflubyts c[dflfc[dfvjcfpht,t,b lf vrbs[dtkc ths-ths dfhbfynfl cfresfhbgjpbwbf itdsfdfpts8

888 bvtlb udfmdc7 ̀ qebaòs" vjvfdfk vrdktdfht,c xdtyb yfqdfobwjnfsb vfbyw ufefldbkt,c cfufkj,kbc itvlujv itwyj,f-ofhvjlutyfc888

SeniS v n a : , , q e b a~ s " teqstologiur -Se n iS v n a : , , q e b a~ s " teqstologiur -Se n iS v n a : , , q e b a~ s " teqstologiur -Se n iS v n a : , , q e b a~ s " teqstologiur -Se n iS v n a : , , q e b a~ s " teqstologiur -semantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxulsemantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxulsemantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxulsemantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxulsemantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxuliqna iqna iqna iqna iqna cfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbccfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbccfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbccfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbccfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbcm fhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenibm fhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenibm fhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenibm fhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenibm fhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenibfktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybkfktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybkfktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybkfktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybkfktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybkcfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8

sfdb sfdb sfdb sfdb sfdb IVIVIVIVIV

cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf `qebaòs"`qebaòs"`qebaòs"`qebaòs"`qebaòs"fdnjhbc cfrbs[bfdnjhbc cfrbs[bfdnjhbc cfrbs[bfdnjhbc cfrbs[bfdnjhbc cfrbs[b

3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~c4 itmvybc sfhbqcfhwthsb c[df othbkj,bsb o.fhj fh fcf[tkt,c8

hxt,f jhb itcf'kt,kj,f5f. `qeba~s" lfothbc lhjpt vbsbst,f dt't,js sfdfl

cfufkj,tkib7 fy,8 `qeba~s" itmvybc gthbjlpt dbvc]tkjs fv cfcekbthj

[fcbfsbc mvybkt,bc ibyffhcbcf lf tyj,hbdb cnbkbc vb[tldbs8fvsfdbsdt fqdybiyfds7 hjv `qebaòs" lfothbc sfhbqb lf

`qebaòs" fdnjhbc cfrbs[b thslhjekfl ufyb[bkt,f9ofhvjlutybk cfrbs[t,pt xdty wfk-wfkrt fh dbkfgfhfrt,s8

ufhrdtekb vjcfpht,t,bc cfae'dtkpt cfvtwybthjkbnthfnehfib `qebaòs" lfothbc c[dflfc[df sfhbqbf

lfcf[tkt,ekb9 rth'jl5mhbcntc itvltu vtjs[t cfereybc 'tukfl vbfxybfs5 fr8,fmhf'tc7

u8yfhcb'tc7 v8x[fhnbidbkc lf c[dt,c8 sfdlfgbhdtkfl fvfdt

gjpbwbfc fdbsfht,lf t8ztkb'tw7 hjvtkcfw fdnjhfl htdvbhbfybc 't vbfxylf9 vjudbfyt,bs lfothbk ufvjrdktdfib ~b[87

[tkyfothb ihjvf` t8ztkb't sfdfldt efh.jac fv vjcfpht,fclf dfhfelj,c7 hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcfò"lfothbkbf IX-X cfereytt,ib5 3ufhrdtekb ntmcnj,hbd-ibyffhcj,hbdb vjvtynt,bc cfae'dtkpt vtnfl cftzdjl

udtxdtyt,f 3mt,f~c4 vbresdyt,f 6\-\ cfereytt,pt flhtekbgthbjlbcflvb4 - othc bc vt-!) udthlpt8

fyfybf ]fafhb'bc fphbs7 3mt,f~4 lfothbkb xfyc VIcfereytib7 dbyfblfy cojhtl fv gthbjlib cgfhctksfufy

thslhjekfl bltdyt,jlyty mfhsekb lf ,th'yekb tyt,b9cojhtl VI cfereybc @)-bfyb okt,blfy &)-bfy okt,fvlt

mfhsekb lf ,th'yekb tyt,b sfyf,hfl itpqelek gbhj,t,ibbv.jat,jlyty7 hjujhw lt,b7 vjcb.dfhekt lt,b vfhbfv lf

vfhsf7 kfpfhtc vbwdfkt,bcfc4 ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 #$#`8rjhytkb rtrtkb'bc7 pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc lf c[dfsf fphbs7

3mt,f~4 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc jhbubyfkehb s[pekt,ff7 fvltyfl7bub itmvybkbf X cfereytib8

gfdkt byujhj.dfv bvsfdbsdt ufvjhbw[f bjdfyt-pjcbvtcfdnjhj,bc itcf'kt,kj,f7 dbyfblfy7 vbcb fphbs7 fhct,ekb

js[bdt [tkyfothb tresdybc bjdfyt-pjcbvtc lf bcbybthsvfytssfy obyffqvltuj,fib fhbfy9 fdnjhb hjv pjcbvt

.jabkb.j7 fvudfhb fe[cytkb kfacect,b [tkyfotht,ib fhbmyt,jlfj _ othc g8byujhj.df ]th rbltd !(@$ otkc ufrtst,ek

3obyfcofh itybidyt,ib4 ~g8byujhj.df7 !(@$7 ud8 @)(`8!(#( otkc g8byujhj.dfv ufvjsmdf vjcfpht,f7 hjv

cfufkj,tkb lfothbkb xfyc IX cfereybc lfcfo.bcib9vjudbfyt,bs7 !(%$ otkc7 g8byujhj.df abmhj,lf7 hjv ̀ qebaòs"fdnjhb itb'kt,jlf .jabkb.j ubjhub vthxekt7 X cfereybcvjqdfot7 vfuhfv !(&* otkc bc lfe,heylf 'dtk gjpbwbfc lf

`qebaòs" itmvybc sfhbqfl IX cfereyt fqbfhf9 g8byujhj.dfcfhuevtynfl vj/.fdc gjtvf 3f,erehf~c4 itmvybc sfhbqb ~vt-( cfereybc gbhdtkb yf[tdfhb`9 vbcb fphbs7 cojhtl fv gjtvfc

/mjybf lfhsekb 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4~g8byujhj.df7 !(&*7 ud8$)%`8

h8gfnfhb'tv sfdlfgbhdtkfl ufbpbfhf g8 byujhj.dfcofhvjlutybkb dthcbf8 vfc lfvfnt,bsb fhuevtynt,bw vj/-

.fdc5 3vt-( cfereybc lfvltuc mfhsekb thjdyekb thsbfyj,bcbltfc mfhsekb mhbcnbfyj,f f[jhwbtkt,c8 cojhtl fvfdt

[fyib vj[lf vbhjybc rehs[tdbc ufyotct,f mfhskib9 tc [fyfb.j mfhsekb tybcfsdbc7 cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 3;fvsf cbfdbc4

[fyf7 fvudfhfl7 vlf,fk lf lfoeyt,ek mfhsek tyfc thjdyekbsdbsituyt,bc fqvfdkj,bc upfpt obyfcofhvtn.dtkehb

cfblevkj vybidytkj,f vbfybztc4 ~h8gfnfhb't7 !(*!7 ud8!^)`8fvfdt yfihjvib ofhvjlutybkbf vwltkj,f lfcf,esltc7 hjv

mfhsekb ofhvfhsekb otksf fqhbw[df mfhsekb fy,fybcrfktylfhekb cbcntvbc cfae'dtkptf fut,ekb ~bmdt7 ud8 !^@`888

itybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvibitybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvibitybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvibitybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvibitybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvib

h8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,fh8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,fh8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,fh8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,fh8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,f~~~~~4 itbmvyf4 itbmvyf4 itbmvyf4 itbmvyf4 itbmvyf

f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7

!(*&7 ud8!%@`888!(*&7 ud8!%@`888!(*&7 ud8!%@`888!(*&7 ud8!%@`888!(*&7 ud8!%@`888

mhbcntc vb[tldbs otksf fqhbw[df bo.t,f VI cfereytiblbjybct vwbhbc vbth8 3mt,fòc4 ntmcnib fhct,ek ahfpfc

3mhbcntc vjcdkbsufy lqtcfvjvlt4 se otksf fqhbw[dfcsfylfdfrfdibht,s7 cfufkj,kbc lfothbc lhjl ufvjbhbw[t,f VIcfereytpt flhtekb [fyf8 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc gbhdtkb [tkyfothb(^% okbs sfhbqlt,f7 fvudfhfl `qebaòs" lfothbc lhj VI-X cfereytt,ib eylf dbdfhfeljs9 itvlujvvf fhuevtynt,vfeahj eylf lffdbohjdjc cfsej gthbjlb888 fmdt fqdybiyfds7

hjv cfmfhsdtkjib mjhjybrjyekb thf VIII-IX cfereytsfvb]yfpt itvjdblf888

dabmhj,s7 cflfdj fh eylf b.jc bc7 hjv 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~4 eylf itmvybkb.j mfhsekb thjdyek-cf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,bc fqvfdkj,bcfc9 3mt,fòib4[fpufcvekbf mfhsekbc 3evtntcj,f4 c[df tyt,pt ovbylf ybyjcflf tktyt ltljakbc sfyfcojhj,bc ajypt9 fm firfhfl

vtjht[fhbc[jdyflff xfsdkbkb cjv[ehbc se c[df tyfsfitcf'kj ghtntypbt,b7 fvudfhfl7 xdtyb fphbs7 ̀ qebaòs" lfothbcmdtlf sfhbqfl eylf lfdbuekdjs VII cfereyt_hjwf erdtlfvsfdht,ekb b.j cjv[eh trktcbfcsfy jabwbfkehb ufy.jaf8

hjujhw wyj,bkbf7 mfhsekvf trktcbfv cfvjwbmekj7cfgfnhbfhmj trktcbfl ojlt,bc qbhct,f vbbqj VII cfereybcII yf[tdfhib ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 $)-$&`8VII cfereybc vtjht yf[tdfhib mfhskbc thsbfybmfhskbc thsbfybmfhskbc thsbfybmfhskbc thsbfybmfhskbc thsbfyb cfvtaj

cfv yfobkfl ufb.j5 ofhvjbmvyf fa[fptsb7 cfreshbd mfhskblf rf[tsb9 fvfdt gthbjlibdt bikt,f thsbfyb mfhsekb trktcbf8

mfhsekb trktcbf IX cfereytib rdkfd thsbfylt,f8 chekbflcfmfhsdtkjib fv lhjblfy [lt,f vbhjybc ufyotct,f vw[tsblfy9

fvfdt gthbjlib 3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf~~~~~ fqbhfw[t,bc7 fqbhfw[t,bc7 fqbhfw[t,bc7 fqbhfw[t,bc7 fqbhfw[t,bc7cflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdfcflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdfcflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdfcflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdfcflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdf~~~~~fqtchekt,bc4888fqtchekt,bc4888fqtchekt,bc4888fqtchekt,bc4888fqtchekt,bc4888 fvudfhfl7 xdty eahj kjubrehfl udtxdtyt,f7hjv mfhsekb thjdyek-cf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,bc

[tkf[fkb fqjh'byt,bc lfcfo.bcfl xfdsdfkjs thsbfybmfhsekb trktcbbc fqlutyf9 fvfdt gthbjlblfy fmnbehlt,f

mfhsdtk vobuyj,fhsf wyj,bkb gjktvbrf ,th'yektrktcbfcsfy9 fvfdt gthbjlblfy bo.t,f thsbfyb mfhsekb

cf[tkvobajc [tkf[fkb ajhvbht,f7 hjvtkvfw ptybnc vbfqobflfdbs fqvfityt,kbc lf sfvfh vtabc gthbjlt,ib888

ptvjsmvekblfy ufvjvlbyfht7 3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lfmfhsdtksf tybcf~4 lfothbkb xfyc IX cfereytib9 fdnjhb]th]thj,bs ewyj,bf888

itybidyf 5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvfitybidyf 5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvfitybidyf 5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvfitybidyf 5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvfitybidyf 5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvf

rdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,frdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,frdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,frdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,frdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,f~~~~~c4 vt-$ [tkyfothbc4 vt-$ [tkyfothbc4 vt-$ [tkyfothbc4 vt-$ [tkyfothbc4 vt-$ [tkyfothb

bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfybbjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfybbjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfybbjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfybbjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfyb

rht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcbrht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcbrht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcbrht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcbrht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcb

yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7

hjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvbhjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvbhjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvbhjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvbhjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvb

[ tkyfothbc vb [ tldbs 3uf f cojhjc4 fy[ tkyfothbc vb [ tldbs 3uf f cojhjc4 fy[ tkyfothbc vb [ tldbs 3uf f cojhjc4 fy[ tkyfothbc vb [ tldbs 3uf f cojhjc4 fy[ tkyfothbc vb [ tldbs 3uf f cojhjc4 fy

uffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjvuffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjvuffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjvuffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjvuffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjv

pjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,fpjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,fpjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,fpjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,fpjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,f~~~~~c4 jh htlfmwbfc8c4 jh htlfmwbfc8c4 jh htlfmwbfc8c4 jh htlfmwbfc8c4 jh htlfmwbfc8mfhsdtkehb cekbthb cfey]bc egbhdtktcb vwdtkt-

,bc_vjyfcnthib vjqdfot ,tht,bc_vbth fhfthsb cfufy'ehbitudbyfhxeylf9 fv cfufy'ehsfufy ths-thsb ufvjhxtekb 2

mfhsdtksf cfufkj,tkb 2 itvjudtyf[f bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth7hjvtkvfw ufyff[kf lf uffvhfdkf 3mt,f~c4 [tkyfotht,b8 bjdfyt-

pjcbvt b.j fhf v[jkjl vhfdfkv[hbdb vobuyj,fhb~p8renb,fidbkb7 !(*@7 ud8%(` lf ndbahekb ~zltehb` [tkjdyt,bc

cfertstcj jcnfnb ~v8rfhfyf't7 !(*$7 ud8@%#`7 fhfvtl lblbgfnhbjnbw7 hfcfw w[fl.jac vbcb fylth'b8 fylth'ib vfy

cfzbhjl xfsdfkf7 c[df mhbcnbfysfufy ufvjhxtdbs tkjwfmfhsdtksfsdbc5 3mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk73mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk73mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk73mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk73mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk7uf,hbtk7 ruf,hbtk7 ruf,hbtk7 ruf,hbtk7 ruf,hbtk7 rAAAAAhbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkybhbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkybhbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkybhbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkybhbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkyb'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj~~~~~c .jdtksfcfc .jdtksfcfc .jdtksfcfc .jdtksfcfc .jdtksfcf.jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84.jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84.jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84.jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84.jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84mhbcntc itvltu 6 fsfcoktekbc lfcfchekbs 3mt,f~

mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~c4 lfsfhbqt,bc dfhfelc7xdtyb fphbs7 fv.fht,c sfdfl 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnb9 rth'jl7 hjujhwptvjs udmjylf vbsbst,ekb7 $ ))) 3vfhfub4 otkb eylfvbesbst,ltc lhjc mfhsdtkj,bc ufxtyblfy cfufkj,kbc

lfothbc sfhbqfvlt8 fmdt fqdybiyfds7 hjv ,f,bkjybcujljkblfy vt-$ fsfcoktekb fye vt-$ lqt fhbc fuhtsdt

mfhsdtkj,bc yfskbcqt,bc fye 3lfakdbs vbhjyw[t,bc4gthbjlb9 vt-$ 3lqt4 fhbc 3ufwjw[kt,bc4 lqt fye

yfskbcqt,bc fsfcoktekb8

dabmhj,s 3mt,f~c4 fdnjhb cfufkj,tkib kfgfhfrj,c lhjbccfv vjyfrdtspt5

I _ mfhsdtksf itmvyf 2 ofhqdybc itvlujvb fye ,f,bkjybcujljkbc gthbjlb9

II _ mfhsdtksf ufmhbcnbfyt,f - flfvblfy ~se ofhqdyblfy`vt-$ fsfcoktekb9

III _ vtjhtl vjcdkf 2 fv lhjc vj[lt,f mfhsekb tybc7vjluvbc lblb uf,ho.byt,f8

xdtyb fphbs7 gbhdtk lf vtjht sfhbqpt byajhvfwbfcudf'ktdc itvltub nftgb5 3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcf3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcf3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcf3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcf3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcfsfdcf [jkj vfssfdcf [jkj vfssfdcf [jkj vfssfdcf [jkj vfssfdcf [jkj vfsYYYYYcf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcjcf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcjcf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcjcf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcjcf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcj~~~~~ fhc lf fhc lf fhc lf fhc lf fhc lfbn.bn.bn.bn.bn.AAAAAc .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[bc .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[bc .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[bc .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[bc .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[blqlqlqlqlqYYYYY 44444mhbcnbfyekb otksfqhbw[dbc vb[tldbs7 lfcf,fvbsufy

mhbcntvlt bdfhfelt,f % ^)$ otkb ~Sin-#*-ib vjwtvekmhjyjkjubfib bjdfyt-pjcbvt %%)) otkc fcf[tkt,c`8,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 flfvblfy yjtvlt lf yjtlfy f,hffvfvlt

gthbjlbc [fyuh'kbdj,f yfskflff ofhvjlutybkb9 rth'jl5flfvb b.j @#) okbc7 hjwf bidf ctbsb9 fvbc itvltu flfvvf

bwjw[kf &)) otkb9 ufhlfbwdfkf (#) okbcf9 ctbsbc idbkbtyjcb ufxylf vfiby7 hjwf ctbsb b.j @)% okbcf9 tyjcc rfbybybitt'byf !() okbc fcfrib lf f8i8 fvudfhfl7 ,b,kbfib eiefkjlvjwtvekb lhj flfvblfy yjtc idbkt,fvlt vjbwfdc @!$@otkc8ofhqdyf vj[lf ctvbc7 mfvbc lf bfatnbc ufxtybc itvltu7

hjwf yjt b.j ^)) okbc t8b8 lff[kjt,bs @@$@ otkc flfvcfmts7 fye mhbcntvlt ##^@ okbc oby ~ilh87pjubthsbqdsbcvtn.dtkbc sfyf[vfl7 vcjakbj ofhqdyf vj[lf #@$ôtkc ~f8]fafhb't7 !(($7 ud8!%`9 flfvblfy yjtvlt gthbjlc @@$@okbs ufycfpqdhfdc bjdfyt-pjcbvtw sfdbc yfihjvib 3wyj,f~

lfcf,fvbsufyb otkyb lf mhbcnt~s vjcdkbsufyb48yjtc itvltu vt-% sfj,f b.j afktr5 3t,thbcf bidytc jhyb

'tyb5 cf[tkb thsbcf afktr7 hfvtse lqtsf vbcsf ufybyfobkf

met.fyf4 ~itcfmvt \7 @%` t8b8 afktrbc lhjc b.j ,f,bkjybcujljkb ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs9 otcbs7 cojhtl ,f,bkjybc

ujljkbc gthbjlblfy eylf fbsdfkjc tht,bc ufxtyf ,b,kbbcvb[tldbs8

,b,kbfib ofhvjlutybkb mhjyjkjubbc vb[tldbs7 yjtlfyf,hffvfvlt ufcekbf !@$( otkb9 [jkj yjtlfy afktrfvlt

ufcekbf !))+!#%+!#)+!#)+!#%+!@)=&%) otkb9 bjdfyt-pjcbvtrb yjtlfy f,hffvfvlt fcf[tkt,c (%) otkc888 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7

firfhff7 hjv ,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bc,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bc,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bc,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bc,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bcufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvltufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvltufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvltufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvltufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvltvt-# fsfcoktekibvt-# fsfcoktekibvt-# fsfcoktekibvt-# fsfcoktekibvt-# fsfcoktekib ~ilh87 df[einb 'dtk mfhsek cfbcnjhbjo.fhjpt lf.hlyj,bs abmhj,c7 hjv yjtc idbksf ufy.jaf

eylf vjv[lfhb.j 3lfcf,fvblfy xqyY ~!&%*` otkc7 fye mhbcntvlt#*$^ otkc`888

f[kf sdfkb bctd ufdfltdyjs 3mt,fòc4 ntmcnc5mhbcnbfyj,fvlt mfhsekb tyf 3lfvfh[ekfl4 fhct,j,lf

lf7 dbsfhwf kfpfht7 vt-$ lqtc ~resp. mfhsdtksf ufxtyblfyvt-$ fsfcoktekib+` 3ufwjw[klf4 fye 3lfakdbs4 vjbyfskf9

vtcbbc tyfl rb mfhsekb vjudtdkbyt,f vtjhtl vjcdkbc ;fvc888.jdtkb fvudfhb fyufhbib se dfhfelb7 sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7

cfsejf9 dabmhj,s7 rdktdbc fv tnfgpt cfrfvfsj fh eylfb.jc bc7 hjv $))) otkb dth bmyt,f lhj 3mt,fòc4 itmvyblfymhbcntc vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 dbyfblfy mhbcnbfyj,fvrht[tkj,fl sdkbc vtjhtl vjcdkbc sfhbqbc lfrjyrhtnt,fc9

fctdt7 vbudfxybf7 hjv 3mt,fòc4 vjhoveyt vfhskvflblt,tkbfdnjhb lf fuhtsdt vbcb 3htlfmnjhb74 vfhskvflblt,kehb

cftrktcbj rfktylhbc itvlutyb bjdfyt-pjcbvt7 3cfufkj,tkib4fh lfeidt,lyty bcts otksf fqhbw[dfc7 hjvtkbw

ufcwbklt,jlf ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc7 rth'jl7 mhbcnbfyb

fdnjhb se htlfmnjhb mfhsdtksf fhct,j,fc fh lffabmcbht,lfyjtvlt fhct,ek fye mhbcntvlt vt-# fsfcoktekbc eobyltk

gthbjlib8 3mt,fòc4 fdnjhbc lhjbc fqhbw[df esejl ,b,kbbcvb[tldbs [lt,f9 seylfw7 xdty lfdtv.fhjs ufvjfyufhbit,bc

bjdfyt-pjcbvtc dfhbfync9 fv mhjyjkjubbs rb ~cfthsjl7,b,kbbc vb[tldbs` ,f,bkjybc ujljkbc fv,t,b b.j vt-#

fsfcoktekbc lfcfo.bcib5 fvudfhfl7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs tht,bcufxtybc vb]yfl vt-# fsfcoktekb eylf vbdbxybjs9 vt-#

fsfcoktekbc xfsdkbs xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc IX-Xcfereytt,fvlt rb cojhtl $ ))) otkbf ufcekb5 vfufkbsfl7

vbd.dts bjdfyt-pjcbvtc mhjyjkjubfc5 flfvblfy mhbcntcfvfqkt,fvlt5 zakl ~%%#$`9 vtjhtufy eothbf5 dblht mhbcntc

vjcdkfvlt5 zakl ~%%!^`9 flfvblfy yjtvlt5 @@$@9 yjtlfy-mhbcntvlt5 #@%*9 ufvjlbc7 hjv se rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb

thbc lfcfo.bcfl yjtc xfdsdkbs7 3mt,fò4 lfothbkf $ )))-#@%*=&$@ otkc t8b8 lff[kjt,bs7 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc VIIIcfereybc ief okt,ib888,eyt,hbdbf7 fvudfh ufvjfyufhbit,fc etzdtkb cbpecnbc

ghtntypbf fhf fmdc ~fvbnjvfw vjud.fdc ufvjfyufhbit,bchfvltybvt dfhbfynb`+88 fmdt xylt,f rbs[df5 mfhsdtksf

ofhvjvfdkj,f eiefkjl ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy eylffdbsdfkjs7 yjtc idbkbc_bfatnbc lf,flt,blfy se yjtlfy0

sfdfl bjfyt-pjcbvt okt,c fyufhbij,c flfvblfy-ofhqdyfvlt7itvltu rb yjtlfy-f,hffvfvlt888 t8b8f[fk thfc yjtsb bo.t,c888

otksf fqhbw[bc ghj,ktvt,bc7 3mt,fòc” fdnjhbcsdbccf.hltyb mhjyjkjubehb cbcntvbc7 3mt,fòc” ntmcnbc 3($4-bc7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtctekb mhjyjkjubt,bc cfrbs[sf itvlujvvfrdktdfv eahj vtnb cbyfskt eylf itbnfyjc 3mt,fòc” ntmcnbccbv,jkjsf ufyvfhnt,f-itcofdkbcf lf lfsfhbqt,bc cfmvtib9ofhvjlutybk sfdib xdty dwlbkj,lbs udtvnrbwt,byf7 hjv

$ ))) otkb7 thsb v[hbd7 vbesbst,c mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc

fhct,j,fpt ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7 ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7 ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7 ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7 ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7vtjht v[hbd rb $ ))) okbc vt-$ fsfcoktekb fhbc 3kfpfhtc4

ufwjw[kt,bc vt-$ lqt fye mfhsdtkb thbc7 tybc vjyfsdkbcgthbjlb5 mfhsdtkj,bc vjyfsdkf vj[lf fhct,j,bc vt-$

fsfcoktekib ~ilh87 3ityf[ekfl4 .jaybc itvltu kfpfhteafkvf uffwjw[kf vt-$ lqtc+`888

itybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjvitybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjvitybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjvitybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjvitybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjv

$ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc$ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc$ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc$ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc$ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc

ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbcufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbcufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbcufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbcufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbc

fdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekjfdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekjfdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekjfdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekjfdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekj

trktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpttrktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpttrktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpttrktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpttrktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpt

xdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjvxdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjvxdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjvxdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjvxdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjv

$))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb$))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb$))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb$))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb$))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb

mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888

ofhvjlutybkb sfdbc lfcfchekc jhbjlt cbn.df eylf dsmdfs

nthvby 3vx[htrfkbc4 itcf[t,5

v8cehuekf'bc fphbs7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt 3vx[htrfkib4

uekbc[vj,c fmnbeh htlfmnjhj,fc7 xfvfnt,f-ufvjrkt,fc7

ufo.dtnfc ~v8cehuekf't7 !(&*7 ud8()`8 bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh b.j

v[jkjl uflfvoth-rfkbuhfab9 bub mvyblf jhbubyfkeh

cfvtwybthj yfihjvt,c7 rfktylht,c lf f8i8 ufhlf fvbcf7

[tkyfothbc js[ uflfvothsfufy v[jkjl bjdfyt-pjcbvt othc

fylth'c ~v8cehuekf't7 !(&*7 ud8(#`8 fmdt lfd'tys7 hjv 3x[htrf4

mfhsek tyfib7 vbc lbfktmnt,ib 3lf't,yfcfw4 ybiyfdc ~ilh8

fzfhekb5 3.dtkfathb uflfdx[hbrt7 vfhf dth dbgjdt4`9

cfhoveyjf7 hjv nthvbyb 3vx[htrfkb4 uekbc[vj,c fmnbeh

vtwybthc7 vrdktdfhc7 hjvtkbw sfdbcb it[tlekt,bc7

sdfksf[tldbcf lf ufyfskt,bc vb[tldbs flutyc cftrktcbjrht,ekt,c8

dabmhj,s7 yfstkbf5 3mt,fòc” lfsfhbqt,bcfc fewbkt,kfleylf ufdbsdfkbobyjs7 fuhtsdt7 sfdfl bjdfyt-pjcbvtc

mhjyjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,b se vbcb c[df 'bt,fyb888sfdb |sfdb |sfdb |sfdb |sfdb |

3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,fòòòòòc4c4c4c4c4vb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,bvb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,bvb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,bvb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,bvb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,b

3'dtkb fqsmvbc4 vb[tldbs7 sfdlfgbhdtkb rfwj,hbj,f

thstyjdfyb fye thsthjdfyb b.j9 fvudfh cfpjufljt,fib fqptdlfeqdsj,f lf wjldbfyj,f9 eafkvf ofhqdybs ufyovbylf ltlfvbof

ertsehb flfvbfyt,bcfufy7 flfvbc utyb rb uflffhxbyf yjtcj]f[bc ufvjhxtdbs8

yjtc rblj,yblfy uflvjcekb wjw[fkb cfv.fhj bctdufvhfdklf lf thstyjdfyb flfvbfyt,b bctd xfdfhlyty lbl

wjldfib, fv]thfl7 fvgfhnfdyj,f2vrht[tkj,fib9 eafkc fqfhcehlf flfvbfyt,bc 3fqudf gbhbcfufy vbobcf47 fvbnjv cfvt,bc

sfs,bhbc itvltu vfy 3,f,bkjybc4 vityt,tks 3tyt,b fehbf49thstyjdfyb rfwj,hbj,f vhfdfktyjdfy cfpjufljt,fl

lff[fhbc[f888 afmnj,hbdfl7 tc b.j rfwj,hbj,bc vtjht itcfmvt7rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb7 tyj,hbdfl vhfdfkathjdfyb vjltkbc

itmvyf8 vhfdfktyjdfy cfpjufljt,fib vrht[tkj,f dtqfhufthsbfylt,f lbl7 lfvfyuhtdtk 'fkfl tyfsf ,eyt,hbdb

,fhbthbc ufvj7 fvltyfl7 rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb vjltkbsdbsityfhxeyt,bc eyfhbs fhbc fqzehdbkb888 bv;fvfl 3tyfsf

fqhtdbs4 eafkvf flfvbfyt,b sdbsofho.vtlbcfufy b[cyf9fvudfhfl7 3,f,bkjybc ujljkbc4 vjdktyf fhbc fhf flfvbfysf

lfc]f7 fhfvtl7 vfsb [cyf888

rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb thbc lfvo.t,b gbhjdyt,bc _ yjtceiefkj vtvrdblhtj,f .dtkf thbcsdbc cffvf.jf7 dbyfblfyfvudfhb ofhvjvfdkj,bs [fpb tcvt,f thbc 'bh'dtkj,fcf lf,b,kbehj,fc8 xdtyc vtvfnbfyts chekbfl b,thsf fye chekbflmfhsdtksf vfvfvsfdfhb - sfhufvjcb sfhufvjcb sfhufvjcb sfhufvjcb sfhufvjcb - yjtc idbkbc7 bfatnbcxfvjvfdkfl vbfxylfs8 dabmhj,s7 cojhtl ,b,kbehb atcdt,bcvjv[b,kdtkj,fv 3uffeathekf4 ghjvtst-fvbhfybcf lf fbtnbccf[tkt,b mfhsek bcnjhbek vobuyj,hj,fib83 m t, fò c ” f dnjhb nhflbwbekb mfhsekb

vfhskvflblt,kj,bs fq,tzlbk cfbcnjhbj s[hj,fc vb/.dt,flf $))) okbc bcnjhbfpt vbsbst,bs7 xdtyb fphbs7 [fpcecdfvc yjtcfufy mfhsdtksf eiefkj ofhvjvfdkj,fc888sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7 3mt,fòc” lfothbc lhjc fh fhct,j,lf

fhw vfqfkufydbsfht,ekb itlfht,bsb tyfsvtwybtht,f lffhw fhmtjkjubf7 fyshjgjkjubf se tsyjkjubf9 vtvfnbfytyblf cfcekbthj vjqdfotyb ufhrdtek bcnjhbek o.fhjt,cse uflvjwtvt,c t.hlyj,jlyty9 sfyfvtlhjdt vrbs[dtksfsdbcesejl cfbynthtcj bmyt,f 3mt,fòc” ntmcnib vjfpht,ekb$ ))) okjdfyb ofhcekbc itgbhbcgbht,f kbyudbcneh7fhmtjkjubeh-tsyjkjubeh-bcnjhbek vjyfwtvsf vb[tldbs3fqlutybk4 cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbfcsfy5vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehf sfdlfgbhdtkb rfdrfcbtkb [fk[bc

jlbyltkb thsbfyb reknehff9 bub rfdrfcbbc afhukt,c ufhtsfwb.j ufyatybkb8 666 fsfcoktekib vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehbcjhb yfrflb xfyc8 iblf mfhskib xfvj.fkb,t,ekb reknehfdhwtklt,f bjh-fkfpybc fepib7 shbfktsib7 vtc[ts-]fdf[tscflf lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib ~cfvnhtlbbc hfbjyfvlt`9 fhfhfnbcdtkpt xfvj.fkb,t,ekb yfbhcf[tj,f rb afhsjl ufdhwtklfcfv[htsbs866 fsfcoktekbc lfcfo.bcblfy fvbthrfdrfcbbc cfv[hts yfobkib

brdtst,f shbfktsbc reknehf7 hjvtkbw cgtwbfkbcnsf

lfcrdybs7 afmnj,hbdfl7 vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehbc vtvrdblhtf7vfuhfv lfrh'fkdbc otcbs7 bltjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,bs lf[tkjcyehb yfofhvbc sfdbct,ehb ajhvt,bs lfvjerblt,tk[fcbfsc fnfht,c888 cfdfhfeljf7 hjv shbfktsbc reknehbcitvmvytksf cf[bs xdty udfmdc cfreshbd rfdrfcbtk [fk[sf lfcfv[htsblfy vjcekb .jhqfyekb reknehbc vmjytbyljtdhjgekb njvt,bc itho.vf-ithtdbs vbqt,ekbrjyukjvthfnb9 cfabmht,tkbf7 hjv fv reknehbc ufyinjt,bccfae'dtkpt xfvj.fkb,lf udbfyltkb ehfhne~hjvkbcyfyuhtdt,pt7 vjudbfyt,bs7 mhbcntvlt |6 cfereytib7 cf[klt,fbyljtdhjgekb njvt,bc f[fkb nfkqf - lqtdfyltk cjvt[sfobyfght,b`8888ofhvjlutybk vjcfpht,fc fv.fht,c thsb kbyudbcnehb

afmnb5 hjujhw otcb7 byljtdhjgek tyt,c fhf fmdsf,hegnbdt,b7 fye .tk[iekb sfy[vjdyt,b9 xdtysdbc wyj,bkbcjv[ehb tyf byljtdhjgekb tyff7 vfuhfv7 ufyc[dfdt,bs c[dfbyljtdhjgek tyfsfufy7 cjv[ehbcf lf jcehbc ajytvfnehbcnhemnehf f,hegnbdsf vstk rkfcc itbwfdc8 tc afmnb fb[cyt,fv[jkjl lf v[jkjl bvbc lfidt,bs7 hjv cjv[ehb lf jcehbyfhtdb nbgbc tyt,bf9 bcbyb xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf b,thbek-rfdrfcbehb tybcf lf byljtdhjgekb tybc itho.vbs ~ilh85s8ufv.htkb't7 u8bdfyjdb9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 ,8nt[jdbc vjcfpht,fjcsf yfhtdj,bc itcf[t,7 hjvtkbw fhmtjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,bcvb[tldbsff yfdfhfeltdb`8'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 666 fsfcoktekbc 66 yf[tdfhib

.jhqfyekb reknehbc itvmvytkb njvt,b xhlbkjtsblfyfw

uflvjlbfy ~j8]fafhb't7 !((*`8 bcbyb fvfhw[t,ty vnrdfh-fhfmcbcreknehbc itvmvytk mfhsdtkeh vjluvfc sfyfvtlhjdt

fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt9 mfhsdtkeh vjluvfsfcf.hlty geymnt,fl hxt,f vnrdhbc ptvjotkbc7 zjhj[bc7

hbjybc7 w[tybco.kbc7 rjljhbc fept,b lf c[df vbvlt,fht

nthbnjhbf8

66 fsfcoktekbc 66 yf[tdhblfy bcnjhbek rjk[tsib~dfhfelj,ty7 hjv wtynhbs zjhj[bc fepib` cfae'dtkb t.ht,f

mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc reknehbc [tkf[fk fqjh'byt,fc8

cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7 hjvtkbw

w[jdhj,lf zjhj[bc7 vnrdhbc7 hbjybc7 w[tybco.kbc7 rjljhbc7rbkfcehbc lf tyuehbc [tj,t,ib7 mvybc reknehfc7 hjvtkbw

lqtc rjk[ehb reknehbc cf[tkbsff wyj,bkb8 mhbcntvlt|666 cfereytib fv reknehbc itvmvytks fvfhw[t,ty

rbvthbtkt,b9 thscfereyjdfyb rfnfrkbpvt,bc itvltumfhsdtkeh-rjk[ehb reknehf bctd at[pt lufc7 bctd .dfdbc7

jqjyl erdt wtynhbs hbjybc [tj,fib888 fvfdt lhjblfy ~6fsfcoktekbc 6 yf[tdfhb` cfthsjmfhsdtkehb fye rjk[ehb

reknehf afhsjl dhwtklt,f xhlbkj rfdrfcbfibw9fqcfybiyfdbf7 hjv fvfdt gthbjlib7 mhbcntvlt |66 cfereybc

itvltu7 fqvjcfdkts fvbthrfdrfcbfib wtynhfkehfvbthrfdrfcbehb wekbc yfwdkfl afhsjl ufdhwtklf rjk[ehb

wekbc ajhvbc vcufdcb hrbybc wekb ~r8abw[tkfehb`888fhmtjkjubehb vfcfkf w[fl.jac7 hjv mhbcntvlt 6|

cfereyblfy lfvwhj,fc bo.t,c rjk[ehb ~mfhsdtkehb`wbdbkbpfwbf888

itvltu erdt fcgfhtppt xylt,bfy afhyfdfpb lf me]b7hjvkt,bw7 xdtyb fphbs7 ]th rbltd cfthsjmfhsdtkehcfthsjmfhsdtkehcfthsjmfhsdtkehcfthsjmfhsdtkehcfthsjmfhsdtkeh

tyfpt kfgfhfrj,lyty lf flhtekb mfhsdtkeh-rjk[ehbreknehbc vtvrdblhtt,fl sdkblyty sfdc ~c[df itvs[dtdfib

fct evnrbdytekjl dth vj[lt,jlf vfsb ufthsbfyt,f9 ilh85xdtyc otksfqhbw[dfvlt vt-* cfereytib ehfhnec fuhtcbbc

itvltu rjk[fv lbfj[b cf,jkjjl uffyfluehf+`888

3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 ufcfthsbfyt,kfl lf ufcf[fht,kfl7

me]bv vw[tsjcbcf lf eakjcbc yfstcfdc - afhyfdfpc - lfesvj

chekbfl mfhskbc udbhudbyb7 sfdfl rb tuhbc-cdfytsbc

thbcsfdj,fc lf/.f,eklf ~ilh85 dta[bcn.fjcybc afhcflfyb lf

cfhblfyb9 fv gfhfktkc .ehflqt,f gbhdtkfl vbfmwbf ,-yvf

htdfp ithjpbfv`8

666 cfereytibdt cfehvfuvf xhlbkj rfdrfcbblfy xfvjfcf[kf

3.jdtksf rfdrfcbbc yfstcfdsf yf[tdfhb lbljtsblfy dblht

tuhbcfvlt ~fye cdfytsfvlt`4888

'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 66 cfereytib chekbfl mfhskb fye

ew[jehb o.fhjt,bs _ b,thbf lfvfhw[lf cjv[t,sfy ,h'jkfib888

6-66 cfereytt,ib mfhsdtksf cf[tkvobaj bctd fqjh'bylf7

vfuhfv v[jkjl fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt9

ew[jeh o.fhjt,ib tc lfgfnfhfdt,ekb mfhskbc cf[tkvobajw

b,thbfl fhbc wyj,bkb ~ilh87 mfhskjcbc mfhskb5 3[eyfyblfy

dblht cgthbc pqeltvlt4`8

lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj hjvbc bvgthbfib lfhxf7 hjvtkbw

lhjlflhj tuhbcbcf se kfpbrbc fdnjyjvbehb ofhvjyfmvybc

cf[tkbs fhct,j,lf888

dabmhj,s7 cojhtl 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 66 cfereyblfy

bo.t,f cfthsjmfhsdtkehb ae'ttyblfy ibibyf f tybcibibyf f tybcibibyf f tybcibibyf f tybcibibyf f tybc

ufvj.jaf7 hjvkbcufyfw vjvltdyj fsfcoktekib xfvjbyfrdst,f

pfyehb lf cdfyehb tyt,b9 xdtyb fphbs7 cdfyehbc ofhvjmvyfib

ufhrdtekb hjkb eylf ittchekt,byf cfehvfubc vbth

xfvjcf[kt,ek rfdrfcbtksf tyt,c7 hjvkt,bw lfv[dlehb

mfhsdtkehb tybc vbth fcbvbkbhlf7 vfuhfv rdfkb lfnjdf

tyj,hbdb cegthcnhfnt,bc cf[bs8 cojhtl xhlbkjrfdrfcbehb

tyt,bc ufdktybs eylf fb[cyfc gfkfnfkbpt,ekb [vjdyt,bc

fhct,j,f7 thsb v[hbd cdfyehib7 vtjht v[hbd rb7 mfhsekb

tybc vsbc rbkjt,ib ~vj[tehb7 vsbekehb`888

cegthcnhfnekb lfyfihtdb eylf b.jc7 fuhtsdt7 rfdrfcbeh

tyfsf ktmcbrehb vfcfkf cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsbc cojhtl bv

pjkib7 hjvtkcfw ktjynb vhjdtkb vjb[ctybt,c7 hjujhw

nthbnjhbf 3lbljtsblfy dblht tuhbcfvlt48

bcnjhbekb rjk[tsbc lfcfdkts yfobkib ~lfcfdkts

cfmfhsdtkjib` hjvftksf ,fnjyj,f 6| cfereytvlt ufuh'tklf9

fv gthbjlbc lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj mfhsek cfbcnjhbj

o.fhjt,ib tuhbcfl b[ctybt,f8

ghjrjgb rtcfhbtkbc fphbs7 |6 cfereytib hbjybc mdtvj

otkb7 dblht zjhj[bc itcfhsfdfvlt lfecf[kt,tkb b.j ~ilh87

u8uhbujkbf7 !(($ ud8&&`9 itvltu cojhtl fv nthbnjhbfpt

'kbthlt,f tdhjgek o.fhjt,ib kfpbrfl ojlt,ekb cfvtaj7

hjvkbc lblb yfobkb |666 cfereyblfy uehbfl b[ctybt,f888

fmdt cfbynthtcjl udtxdtyt,f rjvgjpbnbc 3cefy-vtuh-

uehbtkybc4 fhcb7 hjvtkbw mfhsdtkb ;fvsf fqvothtkbc

vbth afmnj,hbdfl thsbfy stvjybvflff uffpht,ekb8

3bcnjhbfyb lf fpvfyb4 udfvwyj,c5 oby vjtut,ytc5 888/thyb lf88/thyb lf88/thyb lf88/thyb lf88/thyb lf

rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7

itvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpybitvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpybitvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpybitvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpybitvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpyb

lf cefy - v tuhtk-uehekyb sfy f hfzf -sf reth-lf cefy - v tuhtk-uehekyb sfy f hfzf -sf reth-lf cefy - v tuhtk-uehekyb sfy f hfzf -sf reth-lf cefy - v tuhtk-uehekyb sfy f hfzf -sf reth-lf cefy - v tuhtk-uehekyb sfy f hfzf -sf reth-

vfhuetkbsehs888vfhuetkbsehs888vfhuetkbsehs888vfhuetkbsehs888vfhuetkbsehs888 ~m8w8 667 ud8^%`8 fmdt7 .ehflqt,fc vbdfmwtds

,th'yek-,bpfynbeh o.fhjt,ib lflfcneht,ek nthvbyc

3cefyj-rjk[t,b45 gnjktvfbjcsfy ~66 c8` lflfcneht,ekb

cf[tkojlt,f 3cefyj-rjk[t,b4 .jdtksf mfhsdtksf thsj,bc

fqvybidytkfl udtcf[t,f888 ~ilh85 ktjynb vhjdtkbcfsdbc tuhbcb

lf cefytsb cbyjybvt,bf`8

eylf dbdfhfeljs7 hjv | cfereytib pfyeh-cdfyehcf lf

mfhsekc ijhbc erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf xdtysdbc wyj,bkb

,uthfsitcfn.dbcj,fyb7 vfuhfv .dtkf mfhsekb cfvtajc

cf[tkvobaj lf cftrktcbj tyf vfbyw cfkbnthfnehj

mfhsekbf9 cojhtl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf fhbc

.jdtksf mfhsdtksf ufvfthsbfyt,tkb888

,fuhfnbc7 lfdbsbcf lf sfvfhbc ufthsbfyt,ek cfmfhsdtkjib

cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekb tybc gjpbwbt,b bcts cbv.fhtc fqotdc7

hjv cfmfhsdtkjc c[dflfc[df res[bc vw[jdht,sf cfibyfj

cfvtn.dtkj rjlt,b df[einb ,fnjybidbkbc lhjcfw rb

vlf,bjsf vtn.dtkt,fl ufbfpht,f9 df[einb ,fnjybidbkbctekb

ajhvekbht,bc gthbahfpbs dbn.dbs5 xdty lqtdfyltkb

sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc ajypt fzfhekb7

uehekb7 bvthekb7 vtuhekb7 cdfyehb7 aifehb7 mfhskehb

se c[df cfvtn.dtkj rjlt,b cjakbc vw[jdht,sf cfvtn.dtkj

3tyff48 sfyfvtlhjdt nthvbyjkjubs7 cfrbs[b fct

ajhvekbhlt,f5 vtuhekb7 cdfyehb7 bvthekb7 rf[ehb7

fzfhekb lf f8i8 mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc

cjwbjkbyudbcnehb lbfktmnt,bf888 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 esejl

cfbynthtcjf thsb vtuhekb ktmcb7 hjvtkbw njuj uelfdfc

vbth !(&% otkc ufvjwtvek vtuhek ntmcnt,ibf ~1 @$(`5

'qf,b ]ubhb djhtm7 vfhf ujuj rfhub dfh7vfuhfv

,pbsb vesf vfgfkee7 vpbstdb fh ufvfxybf7

vfhufkbib Geyf vjrbhlH7 ukt[bc~3vtuhtkbc4ùf.jkf

vbyljlf7

;byjcmefm vblvjcfhufkee7 fpyfehvf ofvfshbf7

xfb lj mj,fbi~b` yfhlb djhlb7 xfbsf lf gehbs db.fdb

ufphlbkb7

hubkb zrbl~b` dfvfgfkee8 wbdb vzflb fh ufvfxybf8

vtuhekb rbkjc ths-thsb gbhdtkb vrdktdfhbc _ bjct,

.baib'bc ufyvfhnt,bs7 \\ cfereybc lfcfo.bcibw rb 3vtuhtk4

ajhvbc pfyehb dfhbfynb 3vfhufkb4 vtuhekibdt egbhfntcfl

3ukt[c47 3.fpf[c4 fqybiyfdlf ~ilh87 3vtuhtkb4 stvjybvbf+`8

vj.dfybk ktmcib vfhufkvfhufkvfhufkvfhufkvfhufk ae'bc vtuhtkfl sfhuvyf

itwljvff+ ;byjcmefw [jv vtuhtkbf0 ilh85 ;byj;byj;byj;byj;byj ybiyfdc

ptlfc7 [jkj cmefcmefcmefcmefcmef _ idbkc7 jgjpbwbf5 vfhufkb vfhufkb vfhufkb vfhufkb vfhufkb=====;byjcmef;byjcmef;byjcmef;byjcmef;byjcmef

~ukt[b=fpyfehb` w[fl.jac7 hjv 3vfhufkb4 fhbc bc7 dbyw

kfgfhfrj,c cjakehfl9 [jkj 3;byjcmef4 fhbc atyf7 hjvtkbw

kfgfhfrj,c sfdbc cfkbnthfnehj tyfpt888 ilh87 lqtc dfv,j,s5

mfhsdtkb byntkbutynb lf fhf7 vfu87 3uehekb byntkbutynb47

rf[tkb byntkbutynb888 byntkbutynbc wyt,f pjuflfl mfhsdtkc

vjbfpht,c7 [jkj7 vfu87 aifdtkb7 rf[tkb888 rb cfmfhsdtkjc

fvf se bv res[bc vw[jdht,c - cjaktkc8

!(!& o8 jmnjv,hbc uflfnhbfkt,bc itvltu cfvtuhtkjibw

vjbcgj 3;byjcmefc4 atyf9 hjujhw xfyc7 fvfy [tkb iteo.j

cjwbfkehb atybc fqvybidytkb nthvbybc 2 vfhufkbc 2

uflfmwtdfc ]th ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkfl7 itvltu rb stvjybvfl

~ilh85 mfhsekb ajhvf 3vtuhtkb4 stvjybvbf5 stvbc7

cfmfhsdtkjc thsb res[bc vjcf[ktj,bc cf[tkbf`+

itybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjufljitybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjufljitybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjufljitybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjufljitybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjuflj

fhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvbfhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvbfhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvbfhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvbfhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvb

c f resfhb c f [ tkt,b f 9 t c erfy f c r y tkyb 7c f resfhb c f [ tkt,b f 9 t c erfy f c r y tkyb 7c f resfhb c f [ tkt,b f 9 t c erfy f c r y tkyb 7c f resfhb c f [ tkt,b f 9 t c erfy f c r y tkyb 7c f resfhb c f [ tkt,b f 9 t c erfy f c r y tkyb 7

gbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bcgbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bcgbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bcgbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bcgbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bc

fqvybidy tkb cf [ tkbc ` ae'tl itb 'kt,ffqvybidy tkb cf [ tkbc ` ae'tl itb 'kt,ffqvybidy tkb cf [ tkbc ` ae'tl itb 'kt,ffqvybidy tkb cf [ tkbc ` ae'tl itb 'kt,ffqvybidy tkb cf [ tkbc ` ae'tl itb 'kt,f

vjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfvvjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfvvjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfvvjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfvvjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfv

byubkj-cfbyubkj+byubkj-cfbyubkj+byubkj-cfbyubkj+byubkj-cfbyubkj+byubkj-cfbyubkj+

lblb cfmfhsdtkjc lfikbc itvltu7 vjyqjkj,bc gthbjlib7

cfvjmfkfmjc7 uehbbcf lf mj,ekts-[tkdfxfehbc nthbnjhbfpt

byntycbehfl [lt,f fqvjcfdkts b,tht,bc uflvjcdkf8 lfcfdkts

cfmfhsdtkjc wtynhfkeh htubjyib cojhtl fv lhjblfy

bo.t,f erdt pfyehtyjdfyb lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc lf,fkb

atyt,bc mfhsbpfwbfw9 itltufl xhlbkjts kfpbrfc7 itvltu

fa[fptsbc ~fye tuhbcbc` nthbnjhbfpt hxt,bfy pfyehtyjdfyb

b,tht,b9 uehbf - mdtvj fzfhf - mdtvj bvthtsbc cfv[htsbslfhxtybkb kfpbrf rb cfthsjl o.lt,f mfhsdtkeh cfv.fhjc

lf c[df reknehek dtkib fuh'tkt,c fhct,j,fc8

cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt cfreshbd fa[fpehtyjdfyb

vjcf[ktj,f xylt,f \|6 cfereyblfy ~s8udfywtkf't7 !(((`8

xdtyc vjcfpht,t,c fv.fht,c hfvltybvt ufhtvjt,f5

!8 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc bcnjhbfc mfhsdtkb vtvfnbfytyb

rjk[tsbs fh bo.t,ty8 tc v[jkjl bvbs itb'kt,f fb[cyfc7

hjv xdtyb ;fvsffqvothkt,bcfsdbc mjhjybvb mfhskb mfhskb mfhskb mfhskb mfhskbchekbfl cfmfhsdtkjc fqybiyfdlf 8 fctdt 7 xdtyc

otksfqhbw[dfvlt c[dflfc[df njvt,fl fh eylf vjbfpht,jlyty

veimt,b7 rjk[t,b lf b,tht,b8 tc tsyjybvt,b .jdtksf.jdtksf.jdtksf.jdtksf.jdtksf

mfhsdtksfmfhsdtksfmfhsdtksfmfhsdtksfmfhsdtksf fqvybidytkb b.j c[dflfc[df lhjib lf c[dflfc[df

tyfib 9 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 cfbynthtcjf bc 7 hjv

xhlbkjrfdrfcbtkt,b ~[ey't,b` mfhsdtkt,c vjcj[-t,-c t'f[bfy5

ilh87 fuhtsdt7 ojdf-seit,c ktrt,b rb vjcjm-t,-c ~y8[fpfhf't7

!((#7 ud8 #^`8

@8 bcnjhbekb rjk[tsb fh elhbc ktjynb vhjdtkbctek

tuhbcc8 fhw v[jkjl cfreshbd fqvjcfdkts mfhskbf ,th'tyb

vtufcstybcfsdbc ~6|-666 c8c8` wyj,bkb gjynjc vfh]dtyf v[fhbc

fye rfdrfcbbc b,thbf5 vwbht rjk[tsb fye tuhbcb lf vwbht

b,thbf thslhjekfl v[jkjl xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc itvltu

fhct,j,c lf jhbdt 3chekbfl mfhskbc43chekbfl mfhskbc43chekbfl mfhskbc43chekbfl mfhskbc43chekbfl mfhskbc4 lfyfisbf8

itybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfcitybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfcitybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfcitybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfcitybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfc

b,thbek tyfc eojlt,c + 8 8 8 thsvfytssfyb,thbek tyfc eojlt,c + 8 8 8 thsvfytssfyb,thbek tyfc eojlt,c + 8 8 8 thsvfytssfyb,thbek tyfc eojlt,c + 8 8 8 thsvfytssfyb,thbek tyfc eojlt,c + 8 8 8 thsvfytssfy

frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8

#8 rjk[t,b7 cfcgtbht,b7 vtkfymkf~yt,b7 rjhfmct,b7 vjc[t,b7nfj[t,b7 ,tmt~ht,b7 ,b'tht,b7 vfrhjyt,b7 vfht,b7 vjcbyj~rt,b7nb,fhtyt,b7 [fkb,t,b7 rfhle[t,b7 [fklt,b7 afcbfyt,b7

crdbsbyt,b7 lhbkt,b7 /tybj[t,b7 rj~nt,b7 b,tht,b lf |6-6|cfereytsf ,th'yek o.fhjt,ib vj[ctyt,ekb c[df mfhsdtkehb

njvt,bc cf[tksf yfobkb7 hbcvfu ujhltpbfybc fphbs7 pfyehbc7

hjujhw wfkrt tybc ajhvbht,bc fcf[dfpt vbesbst,c

~h8ujhltpbfyb7 !((#7 ud8 %#`8 xdtyb fphbs7 xfvjsdkbkb

mfhsdtkehb njvt,b itb'kt,f ofhvjmvybkyb b.dyty

obyfhtmfhsdtkehb vjluvbc fye tybc lbdthutywbbs9 ths-

thsb inj b.j cfreshbd mfhsdtkehb tyf8 cojhtl tc

mfhsdtkeh 2 rjk[ehb tyf b.j bc cfthsjmfhsdtkehbcfthsjmfhsdtkehbcfthsjmfhsdtkehbcfthsjmfhsdtkehbcfthsjmfhsdtkehbcbcbyf f tyf7cbcbyf f tyf7cbcbyf f tyf7cbcbyf f tyf7cbcbyf f tyf7 hjvkbcufyfw xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc

lfcfo.bcblfy xfvj.fkb,t,fc bo.t,c sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb7

pfyehb lf cdfyehb8

itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c

vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c -vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c -vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c -vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c -vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c -

b, thsf 7 [jkj rfc r t,c 2 rjk[sf ~ b d 8b , thsf 7 [jkj rfc r t,c 2 rjk[sf ~ b d 8b , thsf 7 [jkj rfc r t,c 2 rjk[sf ~ b d 8b , thsf 7 [jkj rfc r t,c 2 rjk[sf ~ b d 8b , thsf 7 [jkj rfc r t,c 2 rjk[sf ~ b d 8

]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8

$8 6626 cfereytt,ib ,th'yekbc vbth yfctc[t,b cbn.dt,b

~tsyjybvt,b`5 tuhbcb7 f,fpub7 facbkfb7 cefyb7 tresdybc cbcbyf

f tyfc9 h8ujhltpbfybc fphbs7 tc tyf mfhsekbf8 bc abmhj,c7

hjv ctc[t,f vj[lf cfreshbd mfhsekb tyj,hbdb ufhtvjlfy

~ud8^!`8

se ufdbpbfht,s u8rkbvjdbc7 j8kjhsmbafyb'bc7

h8ujhltpbfybc lf c[dfsf vjcfpht,t,c lf lfdeidt,s7 hjv fv

lhjc7 erdt rfhuf [fybf7 wfkrt tyfl xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf pfyehb

~vfsb fphbs7 vtjht fsfcoktekib erdt ufvb]yekbf

mfhsdtkehb tyt,b+` lf wyj,bkb rjk[ehb wbdbkbpfwbf

pfyehtyjdfyvf vjcf[ktj,fv itmvyf7 vfiby ufeut,fhb bmyt,f7

se hjujh vj[dlf cfreshbd mfhsekb yfctc[j,fyb ,th'yekib

lf hfnjv fh bctc[f ,th'yekvf fqybiyekb ktmcbrf cfreshbd

pfyehb tybcfufy0888

dabmhj,s7 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc ufhb;hf;pt ]th rbltd

fhct,j,lf obyfht m fhsdtkehbc vtv r d blht

c f thsjmfhsdtkehb cbcby f f t y f 8c f thsjmfhsdtkehb cbcby f f t y f 8c f thsjmfhsdtkehb cbcby f f t y f 8c f thsjmfhsdtkehb cbcby f f t y f 8c f thsjmfhsdtkehb cbcby f f t y f 8 cojhtl fv

cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tyblfy fhbc yfctc[t,b hbcvfu ujhltpbfybc

vbth vbrdktekb ktmcbrehb thstekt,b8

%8 mhbcntc lf,flt,fvlt 6 cfereytib chekbfl mfhskbc

vtat b.j ,fhnjvb9 ,fhnjv vtatc 3fhf tcef 't7 fhfvtl

v[jkjl fcekb thsb48 hjujhw vtvfnbfyt vjudbs[hj,c7

bvlhjbyltk mfhsdtkt,c fh cehlfs 3c[dbcf yfstcfdbcf vtaj,f7

hjvtkcfwf fhf itcluvblf afhyfdfpbfyj,f47 ,fhnjvvf fyufhbib

ufeobf cfpjufljt,bc vjs[jdyfc lf vbccfdt cbwjw[ktib

tuhbcblfy uflvjb.dfyf lf vtvrdblhtl lfcdf me]bc 'vbcidbkb7

cf[tkbs mfhsfv888 fv itvs[dtdfib xdty .ehflqt,fc vbdfmwtds7

fuhtsdt7 sfdfl ktjynb vhjdtkbc lfvjrblt,ekt,fc

vjwtvekb afmnbcflvb5 ktjynbc lhjc pfyehb erdt tyflff

xfvj.fkb,t,ekb7 vfuhfv tuhbctkb eakbcoekb 3c[df yfstcfdfl4

fh bsdkt,f888

cojhtl mfhsfvbc idbkb flhtrb fhbc gbhdtkb vtat xdtyb

otksfqhbw[dbc itvltu9 flhtrvf fqflubyf afhyfdfpbc

cfmfhsdtkj9 vbc cfvakj,tkjib itlbjlf cfreshbd mfhskbw

lf tuhbcbw888 cbv,jkehfl udtxdtyt,f bc afmnbw7 hjv

gbhdtkcfdt otkcf vtaj,bcf vbcbcf bidf eafkb xetyb btcj

mhbcnt8

^8 cfvothkj,j tyf ufhrdtek yjhvbht,ek xfhxjt,c

vjbfpht,c7 hbc ufvjw xfvj.fkb,t,ek-lfqdbyt,ekb

cfkbnthfnehj tyf yfrkt, wdkbkt,t,c ufybwlbc lf

fhmfekj,f-nhflbwbekj,fc byfhxeyt,c9 [fk[ehb tyf ~rbkjt,b

lf rbkjrfdt,b`7 hfw eahj yfrkt,flff vjmwtekb yjhvbht,ekb

cfkbnthfnehj tybc dtkib7 vbs eahj cohfafl bwdkt,f888

cojhtl fv vbptpsf ufvj itbyfhxeyf cfkbnthfnehj

mfhsekvf tyfv sfdbcb cf[t !% cfereybc ufyvfdkj,fib9 [jkj

vtuhtksf7 cdfysf7 byubkjsf7 seisf7 [tdcehsf lf f8i8

ltlfmfkfmsfy lfijht,ekb res[tt,bc vw[jdht,sf vtn.dtkt,fv

eahj vtnb wdkbkt,f ufybwflf9 firfhff7 hjv reknehek

wtynhsfy lfijht,bc cblblt tyj,hbdb wdkbkt,t,bc

gbhlfgbhghjgjhwbekbf9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 #-$ cfereybc

ufyvfdkj,fib hfjlty lfijhlf rf[ehc if/-f,fcbcf lf ubjhub

cffrf'bc lhjc cgfhctsib7 athtblfyib uflfcf[kt,ek rf[tksf

vtn.dtkt,f8

&8 cfereytt,bc ufyvfdkj,fib lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj chekbfl

mfhskbc ufy'scfwfdb lf vtatsf 'dfksitcfkfub b.j9 vfu85

vehdfy .hec lhjc fhxbkb fm byf[fdc sfdbc cfzehzktc8 fm

fhbc lfcfakfdt,ekb ,fuhfnbw7 ubjhub 6-w7 lfdbs

fqvfityt,tkbw888 pfyehb lf mfhsekb #) cfereybc oby hjv

lfijht,jlf thsvfytsc7 fhfmfhsektyjdfyb tuhbcb dtqfh

bmyt,jlf chekbfl cfmfhsdtkjcchekbfl cfmfhsdtkjcchekbfl cfmfhsdtkjcchekbfl cfmfhsdtkjcchekbfl cfmfhsdtkjc obyfv'qjkb se

vtcdtehb8

*8 lqtdfyltk lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt

hjvftkt,vf js[b cfvtaj itmvytc7 hfsf ufyt[jhwbtkt,byfs

3ufsbit lf b,fnjytc4 ghbywbgb ~bd8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8

@!$`888 bvfdt [th[bs vfs [tkb eylf itto.js tuhbcbcf lf

vwbht b,thbbc ufvb]dybcfsdbc ~vbs evtntc7 fqvjcfdkts

cfmfhsdtkjc cgfhctsb fh tktjlf`8 fct lffwfkrtdtc

hjvftkt,vf cfmfhsdtkj fye 3chekbfl mfhskb4 cfvtajt,fl888

tc .dtkfathb [lt,f t8o8 3leyt4 cfereytt,ib ~cojhtl fv

gthbjlib bo.t,f cfthsjmfhsdtkehbc lfikf`+888

(8 ,th'yt,bcfsdbc b,thbf sfdlfgbhdtkfl chekbfl

cfmfhsdtkjc hjv ybiyfdlf7 xfyc bv 'dtk,th'yekb

o.fhjt,blfy7 hjvtksf vb[tldbs rfdrfcbbc b,tht,b lf tdhjgbc

b,tht,b cfthsj ofhvjvfdkj,bc [fk[bf9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 fk8

cfh]dtkf'bctekb tnbvjkjubf abybrbehb b,th-~b,tht,b`

cbn.dbcf _ 3dbyw pqdf uflfwehf~fk8 cfh]dtkf't !(*(`8

!)8 ktjynb vhjdtkb sfhufvjcbc idbkt,c ijhbc fcf[tkt,c

/fjcc7 mfhskjcc7 tuhjcc888 afhyfdfpbc lhjc tyt,bc

xfvjsdkbcfc rb vtuhekc fh fcf[tkt,c+ eylf dbdfhfeljs7

hjv \ cfereytib pfyehb njvb erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf7 vfuhfv

vbcb jabwbfkehb tyf v[jkjl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj

tyff9 fm cf.ehflqt,jf bcbw7 hjv ktjynb vhjdtkb fh

fcf[tkt,c mfhsdtksf c[df cfj]f[j cfvtn.dtkj rbkjt,cf lf

tyt,c888

!!8 tmdsbvt fsjytkb ,fcrt,c vjb[ctybt,c hjujhw 3cgfybbc

mfhsdtkt,c47 [jkj ,fcbkb lblbc 3tmecsf lqtsf~c4 sfhuvfyibufvj.tyt,ekbf nthvbyb 3mfhsdtkyb lfcfdktsbcf47 hfw

ittcfn.dbct,f tcgfytsbc b,tht,c ~pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbf7 !(()7

ud8^#`888 fmtlfy xfyc7 hjv mfhsdtkbmfhsdtkbmfhsdtkbmfhsdtkbmfhsdtkb fhbc b,thbc,thbc,thbc,thbc,thbc mfhsekb

itcfn.dbcb888

!@8 fbtnbc lhjbyltkb wbdbkbpfwbbc tyfl vtwybthsf thsb

yfobkb pfyehc sdkbc9 fhuevtynfl vfs vj/.fds ,th'yekib

yfctc[t,fl xfsdkbkb *rj,- lf *fhu- 'bht,b9 vbfxybfs7 hjvbcbyb pfyehb -ibibyf j ibibyf j ibibyf j ibibyf j ibibyf j - tybc resdybkt,ff+

xdtyb fphbs7 mfhs8 n.fdn.fdn.fdn.fdn.fd ae'tc pfyehib fhfcjltc

ittcf,fvt,jlf *n.jdn.jdn.jdn.jdn.jd tmdbdfktynb9 hjujhw otcb7 mfhsekb

f-c vjvltdyj ctuvtynib se udfmdc d==e ,uthf7 mfhsek f-c

yfwdkfl pfyehib t ufvjdkbylt,f ~dabmhj,s7 E-c fhct,j,f[tkc eikbc f→→→→→j ghjwtcc+`9 vfu85 mfhs8 'fhqdb'fhqdb'fhqdb'fhqdb'fhqdb-pfy8]thqdbthqdbthqdbthqdbthqdb7

mfhs8vfxdbvfxdbvfxdbvfxdbvfxdb - pfy8 thwmtvbthwmtvbthwmtvbthwmtvbthwmtvb7 mfhs8 ifidbifidbifidbifidbifidb - pfy8 ptcmdbptcmdbptcmdbptcmdbptcmdb lf

c[df8 fvudfhfl7 pfyehib sfdlfgbhdtkflfw lf f[kfw eylf

lfdeidfs v[jkjl n.t,-==n.tdn.t,-==n.tdn.t,-==n.tdn.t,-==n.tdn.t,-==n.td- dfhbfynb lf fhbc rbltw

fct+

hfw itt[t,f 3fhujc453fhujc453fhujc453fhujc453fhujc45 fhujyfdnsf [jvfklbc cf[tkb eylf

vjlbjltc fhf tuh- 'bhbc pfyehb dfhbfynblfy7 fhfvtl

,th'yekb αργαργαργαργαργos ~emvb`~emvb`~emvb`~emvb`~emvb` cbn.dblfy ~ilh87 s8ufv.htkb't7

d8bdfyjdb7 ud8()*`8

fvudfhfl7 fhujyfdnt,b itb'kt,f dsfhuvyjs7 hjujhw

3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 ~,th'yek 3emvb4 cbn.dfcsfy

fhu- 'bhbc rfdibhpt vbudbsbsf ,-yvf tlbith ztkb'tv`8

!#8 hjltcfw dkfgfhfrj,s hjvtkbvt tybc wdkbkt,bc

lbyfvbrfcf se lhjpt7 eylf ufdbsdfkbcobyjs tyfsf

ufydbsfht,bc pjuflb nbgjkjubf8 cfv.fhjib fh fhct,j,c

tyf7 hjvtkcfw #))) okbc vfy'bkpt sfdbcb cf[t

ittyfhxeyt,byjc7 vbs evtntc7 ewdktkfl ityf[ekb.jc9 .dtkf

sfyfvtlhjdt tyf se thb ~[fk[b7 vbs eahj7 evothkj,j`7

afmnbehfl7 sfyfvtlhjdt cf[bs mhbcntc itvltu .fkb,lt,f9

bctsb e'dtktcb cfvothkj,j nhflbwbbc vmjyt tyfw rb7

hjujhbwff ,th'yekb7 lhjsf ufyvfdkj,fib cfdct,bs itbwdfkf9

f[fkb ,th'yekb afmnj,hbdfl c[df tyff888 fv ajypt xdtysdbc

vbeqt,tkbf sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf lfikbc sfhbqbc

f.dfyf vtcfvt se vtjht fsfcoktekt,fvlt ~afhfjyt,bc se

cfycrhbnbc tgjmfvlt`9 pfyehbc se cdfyehbc fvudfhb cb'dtkt

.jdkfl ofhvjelutytkbf tsyjreknehekb sdfkcfphbcbsfw8

vtjs[t fsfcoktekib itb'kt,f dbdfhfeljs cfthsjrfdrfcbehb

tybc fhct,j,f7 hjvkbc vakj,tkvf [fk[vf itmvyf vnrdfh-

fhfmcbc reknehf9 vtcfvt fsfcoktekib eylf lfdeidfs

obyfhtmfhsdtkehb tyt,bc fhct,j,f7 hjvtksfufy ths-thsbc

cfae'dtkpt ufydbsfht,ekb cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tyf7 hjujhw

cf[tkvobaj lf wbdbkbpfwbbc tyf7 fmnbehfl aeymwbjybht,c

otksfqhbw[dfsf vb]yfvlt888

888rbltd itb'kt,f lfvfnt,bsb fhuevtynt,bc vj.dfyf7 v[jkjl

thsc lfd'tys5 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc \ cfereyblfy7 hjltcfw

erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkehb tyt,b7

mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyfmfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyfmfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyfmfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyfmfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf7 hjujhw cf[tkvobaj

lf cftrktcbj tyf7 ufycfpqdhfdc chekbfl mfhskbc cfpqdht,c9

o fhvfhsek gthbjlib @) c fereybc v f y ' bkptofhvfhsek gthbjlib @) c fereybc v f y ' bkptofhvfhsek gthbjlib @) c fereybc v f y ' bkptofhvfhsek gthbjlib @) c fereybc v f y ' bkptofhvfhsek gthbjlib @) c fereybc v f y ' bkpt

c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf88c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf88c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf88c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf88c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf888

3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb

afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7

hjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsfhjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsfhjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsfhjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsfhjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf

lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888

fvudfhfl7 se .jdtkbdt ptvjs smvekc itdf]fvt,s7

mfhsdtkehb vjluvbcf lf tybc cfsfdt htkbubeh-zdhtnbsb

~3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~”`7 bcnjhbek-vtvfnbfyehb ~ktjynb

vhjdtkb` lf kjubreh-vtwybthekb cbcntvt,blfy thsyfbhfl

xfyc5 ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy lqtvlt mfhsdtkj,f

fvbthrfdrfcbfib w[jdhj,c lf cfmfhsdtkjc c[dflfc[df res[bc

vtobyfdtj,bs7 futh erdt %))) otkbf7 fvlblht,c vcjakbj

wbdbkbpfwbfc888 sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf xfvj.fkb,t,f

rb eylf lfo.t,ekb.j cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbbc t8o8 3leyt4

gthbjlib5 'dtk lf f[fk otksfqhbw[dfsf vb]yfpt888

firfhff7 hjv mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc fhct,j,bc % ))) okbc

vfy'bkpt mfhsdtkeh-mfhsekb tyf ~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf`~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf`~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf`~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf`~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf`

mfhsdtkehb vjcf[ktj,bc .dtkf stvbc ~]ueabc`

ufvfthsbfyt,tkb [th[tvfkbf9 fvudfhb ufycfresht,ekb aeymwbf

vfc esejl bvfy itc'byf7 hjv jlbsufydt 3cbcbyf f4 tyf b.j

cf[tkvobaj tyf7 itvltu rb cftrktcbj lf cfkbnthfnehj

tyf9 xdty eiefkjl itudb'kbf sdfkb ufdfltdyjs mhbcntc

itvltu IV cfereyblfy lqtvlt gthbjlc9 firfhff7 hjv

cfereytt,bc vfy'bkpt cojhtl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf

fhf v[jkjl 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtksf47 fhfvtl rfdrfcbbc vjcf[kt

c[df b,thbek-rfdrfcbehb [fk[t,bc reknehbcf lf ufyfskt,bc

gbhdtko.fhj tyff7 jabwbfkehb cfvtn.dtkj rjlbf9 mfhsek

cfkbnthfnehj tyfc7 mfhsdtksf 3cfibyfj cfvtn.dtkj

rjlt,bcufy4 ufyc[dfdt,bs7 lhjsf ufyvfdkj,fib c[dflfc[df

rbkjcf se rbkjrfdpt fvtn.dtkt,ekb .dtkf 3yfstcfdbs

mfhsdtkbcfsdbc4 itt'kj lftyf[t,byf sfdbcb lbfktmnbc obkbw

fv cfthsj tyfib lf c[df vjyfstcfdt rbkjsf flubkbw9

vfufkbsfl se fdbqt,s 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4 tyfc7 vfcib

3f[kj,tk4 ktmcbreh vfhfuc se uhfvfnbrek ajhvt,c lqtcfw

cbfvf.bs fhxtdty cfvtuhtkjc7 fzfhbc7 cfvw[t-]fdf[tsbc7 uehbbc7

rf[tsbc7 cfbyubkjc se [tdcehtsbc vrdblhyb9 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4

tyf fhbc bcnjhbekb cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekb tybc ybveib7

cflfw sfdbc sfdc7 hjujhw thsbfyb vstkbc itvflutytk

yfobkc7 [tlfdc mfhsdtkeh tyfsf .dtkf rbkj se rbkjrfdb9

ufvjvlbyfht fmtlfy7 .dtkf 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtkb4 mfhsek

cfkbnthfnehj tyfc cfresfh tyfl_ltlf tyfl_sdkbc7 dbyfblfy

fv tyfibf vfsb ofhcekbw lf cbfvf.tw888 .dtkf fcgtmnbs mfhsekb

cfkbnthfnehj tyf 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtksfsdbc4

cfthsjthjdyekb tyff9 cfvoe[fhjl7 fvfc hfnjvqfw dth [tlfdc

cfmfhsdtkjc pjub ew[jtkb jgjytynb lf wlbkj,c

cfmfhsdtkjc thsbfyj,bc cfae'dtkb 3c[dfufy4 vj't,yjc

~pju]th rb fvudfh [th[tvfkc cfthsjlfw fh dfhfelj,c_fctsyb

e'qt, /bent,fl bmwtdbfy [jkvt`888

s[hj,fc lfdfvsfdht,s thsb cfbynthtcj afmnbc

rjvtynfhbs5

II sfdbc lfcfo.bcib xdty lfdcdbs thsb rbs[df53mt,f~c4 vrdktdfhsfufy dby hfc [tlfdlf fv 3lfibahek4

ntmcnib lf hfnjv0

fqvjxylf7 hjv dbyw otksf fqhbw[dfc brdktdlf7 3mt,f~ibw4otksf fqhbw[dfpt vbsbst,f fvjbrbs[f9 dbyw fy,fybc

ofhvjij,fpt veifj,lf7 fy,fybc itmvybc sfhbqbc vbsbst,f

bdfhfelf7 dbyw ef[kjtc [fyfib vtjhtl vjcdkbc fy vtcbbc

vjcdkbc bltbs b.j itg.hj,bkb7 vtcbf fy vtjhtl vjcdkbc

hbw[db b[bkf lf f8i8

xdtysdbc7 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 .dtkfpt eahj cfbynthtcjf

pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfctekb uffpht,f7 hfvltyflfw vfy bdfhfelf7

hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~c4 fdnjhb kfgfhfrj,c

mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc lbl ghtbcnjhbek ofhcekpt9 rth'jl7

3mt,f~ib4 yfuekbc[vtdbf mfhsdtkehb fye ghjnjb,thbekb

[fk[bc afhsjl ufyatybkb reknehf7 hjvtkbw fhct,j,lf

mhbcntvlt vt-$ fsfcoktekib lf eahj 'dtkflfw888

wyj,bkbf7 hjv p8ufvcf[ehlbf fvpflt,lf bjdfyt-pjcbvtc

tcmfnjkjubbcf lf vfcsfy lfrfdibht,ekb abkjkjubehb lf

tsyjuhfabekb ghj,ktvt,bc itcf[t, dhwtk ufvjrdktdfc8

cfvoe[fhjl7 xdtysdbc ewyj,bf tc yfihjvb9 sevwf7 vbcb

ufvjmdt.yt,ekb othbkt,bc7 xdtyb mdt.ybc ,jkj fsoktekt,bc

bcnjhbbcf lf p8ufvcf[ehlbfc vjqdfotj,bc ufsdfkbcobyt,bs

hfvltybvt cbn.df itb'kt,f dsmdfs vbcb rjywtawbbc itcf[t,5

hectsbc bvgthbbc ,fnjyj,bc okt,ib cfmfhsdtkjib

utuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlfutuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlfutuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlfutuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlfutuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlf thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8

bvsfdbsdt uffwyj,bthf tc thjdyekb lf vfqfkpytj,hbdb

cekbc vmjyt obuybthvf mfhsdtkvf lf fktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc7

bkbf zfdzfdf'bc7 frfrb othtskbc7 dfcbk ,fhyjdbc7 rjycnfynbyt

ufvcf[ehlbfc7 ktdfy ujsefc lf vhfdfk c[dfsf vbth itbmvyf

xdtyb uvbhekb ofhcekbc fvcf[dtkb v[fndhekb nbkjt,b8

XX cfereybc lfcfo.bcib fqphlbk vtwybthsf thsb yfobkb7

rth'jl7 bdfyt ]fdf[bidbkb7 gfdkt byujhj.df7 cbvjy ]fyfibf7

fhyjkl xbmj,fdf lf c[dt,b wlbkj,lyty vtwybthekb

fhuevtynt,b ittmvyfs mfhsekb thjdyek-cf[tkvobajt,hbdb

qbhct,bc fqjh'byt,bcfsdbc8 fmnbeh cf,zjsf gthbjlib

cfmfhsdtkj sfylfsfy rfhufdlf cojh bcnjhbek jhbtynbht,c9

'tukt,c elufvlyty cfmfhsdtkjc vjqfkfnt7 c[dbc rfhpt

vjvcf[eht cfhlkt,cf se htytufnt,c8 fv ajypt mfhsekb

tybc mt,f7 ofvjo.t,ekb bctd lf bctd gfdkt byujhj.dfc vbth7

chekbfl f[fkb rjywtgnefkehb [tldbs ofhvjflubyf pdbfl

ufvcf[ehlbfv8 bc lft.hlyj vtwybthsf thsb yfobkbc uf,tlek

dfhfelc ,th'yek wbdbkbpfwbfvlt ghjnjb,thbekb

~mfhsdtkehb` reknehbc afhsj ufdhwtkt,bc itcf[t, lf

lffcrdyf7 hjv 3mt,f~c4 $ ))) fhbc mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc

lfrybyt,bc gthbjlb8 vbcb fphbs7 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc

wbdbkbpfwbf 7 ghjvtst - f v bhfybc wbdbkbpfwbfghjvtst - f v bhfybc wbdbkbpfwbfghjvtst - f v bhfybc wbdbkbpfwbfghjvtst - f v bhfybc wbdbkbpfwbfghjvtst - f v bhfybc wbdbkbpfwbf

ufdhwtkt,ekb7 ufyatybkb b.j mhbcntvlt vt-# fsfcoktekfvlt8

vt-# fsfcoktekib bo.t,f byljtdhjgekb reknehbc [fk[bc

fqptdt,f7 hbc ufvjw ghjvtst-fvbhfybc wbdbkbpfwbf tdhjgfc

rey'ekt,bc cf[bs itvjhxf7 cbv,jkehfl rb rfdrfcbfcrfdrfcbfcrfdrfcbfcrfdrfcbfcrfdrfcbfc

vbt]fzdf888 mfhsdtkj,bc [tkf[fkb fqjh'byt,f vt-!) cfereyblfy

bo.t,f888

ufvjrdktdbc 'bhbsfl yfobkib xdty itdtwflts7 uflvjudtwf

3mt,f~c4 ibyffhcbc xdtytekb uffpht,f7 hjvtkbw fh tsfy[vt,f

ofhvjlutybk dthcbfc7 sevwf [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds5 3mt,f~c4

$))) otkb hjv cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekbc vbvybiyt,tkbf7 cojhtl

pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc ufvjrdktdfv uffsdfkcfxbyjf9 xdty v[jkjl

sfhbqbc rjhtmnbht,f vjdf[lbyts5

mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc bc ghtbcnjhbf7 hjvtkbw vjwtvekb

fmdc pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc7 hjujhw itcf'kj dfhfelb7 xdtysdbc

vbeqt,tkb fh fhbc8 jqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,fjqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,fjqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,fjqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,fjqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,f~~~~~c4 ntmcnbcc4 ntmcnbcc4 ntmcnbcc4 ntmcnbcc4 ntmcnbc

$ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf$ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf$ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf$ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf$ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf

cwbklt,jltc7cwbklt,jltc7cwbklt,jltc7cwbklt,jltc7cwbklt,jltc7 fvltyfl7 3mt,f~c4 fdnjhbc mhjyjkjubf

,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy yfofhvjt,bc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt fy

yjtlfy mfhsdtksf ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt gthbjlc eylf

vjbwfdltc888

P.S. bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb

[fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~[fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~[fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~[fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~[fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~&7(9 !!7(9&7(9 !!7(9&7(9 !!7(9&7(9 !!7(9&7(9 !!7(9

!#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf!#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf!#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf!#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf!#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf

lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9

,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib ,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib ,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib ,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib ,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib 3tht,b bdkbfy3tht,b bdkbfy3tht,b bdkbfy3tht,b bdkbfy3tht,b bdkbfy

rhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bcrhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bcrhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bcrhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bcrhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bc

lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4 ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc

ujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkbujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkbujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkbujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkbujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkb

bthecfkbvb4 vhf d fkthjdfyb r fwj,hbj,bcb thecfkbvb4 vhf d fkthjdfyb r fwj,hbj,bcb thecfkbvb4 vhf d fkthjdfyb r fwj,hbj,bcb thecfkbvb4 vhf d fkthjdfyb r fwj,hbj,bcb thecfkbvb4 vhf d fkthjdfyb r fwj,hbj,bc

aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9

3 m t , f3 m t , f3 m t , f3 m t , f3 m t , f~~~~~ c4 f dnjhb m fhsek ty f c f lf vjluvf cc4 f dnjhb m fhsek ty f c f lf vjluvf cc4 f dnjhb m fhsek ty f c f lf vjluvf cc4 f dnjhb m fhsek ty f c f lf vjluvf cc4 f dnjhb m fhsek ty f c f lf vjluvf c

ofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtybofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtybofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtybofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtybofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtyb

v[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehbv[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehbv[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehbv[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehbv[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehb

vjluvbcsdbcvjluvbcsdbcvjluvbcsdbcvjluvbcsdbcvjluvbcsdbc_____thsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkbthsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkbthsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkbthsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkbthsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkb

bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888

f8 8 8 8 8 Targmanebi:Targmanebi:Targmanebi:Targmanebi:Targmanebi:

{DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJ{DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJ{DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJ{DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJ{DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJZPSRFZPSRFZPSRFZPSRFZPSRF

Cj[hfyty zpsr uhepbycrbq lj lyz Tuj dnjhjujGhbitcndbz dj cdbltntkmcndj7 xnj <ju j,kbxbn dctzpsrb cbv zpsrjv8

b cgbn ctq zpsr lj ctuj lyz b d Tdfyutkbb ctq zpsrbvtyetncz Kfpfhtv8

B yjdfz Ybyj j,hfnbkf 2tuj2 b wfhbwf Tktyf9 jyb ;tldt ctcnhs7 gjlj,yj Vfhbb b Vfhat8

B j lhe;,t - r njve ,skj crfpfyj7 xnj dcz nfqyf dctv zpsrt cj[hfytyf8

B j Gjrjqybrt xtndthjlytdyjv _ r njve crfpfk Lfdblghjhjr7 xnj nsczxf ktn rfr jlby ltym7 f d uhepbycrjvTdfyutkbb jn Vfnatz d yfxfkt cnjbn 77wthbkb3!

2gbcfybt27 b 'nj _ ,erdf b xbckj tt xtnsht nsczxb8B djn7 xtnsht lyz b Gjrjqybr xtndthjlytdysq7

gjuht,tyysq c Ybv cvthnm. rhtitybz tuj8@

B ctq zpsr7 erhfityysq b ,kfujckjdtyysq bvtytvUjcgjlf7 eyb;tyysq b j,b;tyysq7 ;ltn lyz dnjhjujGhbitcndbz Ujcgjlf8

B d pyfvtybt bvttn cbt5 ltdzyjcnj xtnsht ujlf ,jkttdct[ zpsrjd jn ghbitcndbz {hbcnjdf lj ctuj lyz8

B dctve7 xnj yfgbcfyj7 z ghbdtk d cdbltntkmcndj,erde cb. 3wbkb3 fp,erb8

LAUS GLORIAQUE LINGUAE IBERICAE

(Manuscriptum Ibericum X.saeculi)

Conservata est lingua Iberica usque in diem secundi Eius Adventus intestimoniam, ut annuntiet Deus omnibus linguis per hanc linguam.

Et dormita est haec lingua usque nunc et in Evangelio haec lingua vocaturLazarus.

Et Nova Nino convertit et Helene Regina, quae sunt duae sorores,sicut Mariam et Martha.

Et amititia de qua dictum est, quoniam totum mysterium in hac linguaconservatum est.

Et Mortuus quattuor dierum de quo dixit David Propheta quoniammille anni sicut dies unus.

Et in initio Evangelii secundum Matthaeum in versione Iberica stat ceriliquod littera est et dicit totum numerum quattuor millia. Itaque, quattuordies et Mortuus quattuor dierum, consepultus cum Eo per mortem baptismiEius.

Et haec lingua, ornata et benedicta in nomine Domini, humilis et opressaexpectat diem secundi Adventus Domini.

Et hoc habet signum: quattuor et nonaginta anni plus quam caeteraelinguae ab Adventu Christi usque hunc diem.

Et pro teste horum imnium, quae scripta sunt, dixi tibi litteram istam cilialphabeti.

Textum Ibericum in Linguam Latinam convertit Z.Kiknadze,Professor, Dr. Universitatis Tbilissiensis

u8 8 8 8 8 ,B,KBJUHFABF5,B,KBJUHFABF5,B,KBJUHFABF5,B,KBJUHFABF5,B,KBJUHFABF5

u8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8 fktmcb't !(*% 2 u8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8fktmcb't7 fqvjxtyf fhfudbc [tj,fib7 rjveybcnb7 !(*% o87 !(

vfbcb ~b[8fuhtsdt7 ufptsb 3rjveybcnb4 !(() o8 !% fghbkbù8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8 fktmcb't !(() - G.Abramishvili, Z.Alexidze,

A National Motif in the Iconographic Programme Depicted on the DavatiStela, Le Muséon, t.103-fasc. 3-4, Louvain-La-Neuve, 1990.u8 fkfpybcgbhtkb !(($ 2 u8 fkfpybcgbhtkb7 vcjakbjc

lfcf,fvbctekb fqvjxtyf7 obuyb I7 s,87 !(($ o8s8 fklfvb't !((( - s8fklfvf't7 3mfhsekbcf tybcf~47 ntmcnb

ufvjcwf7 ufvjrdktdf lf rjvtynfht,b lfehsj styubp

fklfvf'tv7 stkfdb7 !((( o8fcehtk vjqdfotsf w[jdht,bc obuysf 'dtkb htlfmwbt,b7

obuyb II7 s,87 !(^( o8b8 fcafkub !(^@ - J.Assfalg, Georgische Handschriften (Verzeichniss

der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, Bd 3.). Wiesbaden, 1962.fr8 ,fmhf't !(&& 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 rhbnbrekb uekfyb7 s,87

!(&& o8fr8 ,fmhf't !(*@ 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 .jdtkb cfblevkj~7

kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*@ o87 % ctmntv,thbfr8 ,fmhf't !(*# 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 bctd 3mt,f~c4 ufvj7 vyfsj,b7

!(*# o87 1 !h8 ,thekfdf !((! 2 h8 ,thekfdf7 3mt,f~lfy4 rjvgbenthbs

fvjwyj,bkb vtcbf7 thb7 !((! o87 !& fghbkbh8 ,thekfdf !((! 2 h8 ,thekfdf7 vtjhtl vjcdkbcf vbcbcf7

s,87 !((! o8d8,jtlthb !((* - d8,jtlthb7 tyf lf dbyfj,f mfhsdtksf

bcnjhbfib7 mfhsdtkeh tyfsf cnhemnehbc cfrbs[t,b7 |667!((* o8v8 ,hjct !*%* - M.Brosset, Notice sur un manuscrit géorgien de la

Bibliothèque Impèriale publique, provenant de m.Tischendorf. Mélangesasiatiques, St.Petersbourg, 1858, t.III.v8 ,hjct !*^* - M.Brosset, Études de chronologie technique, I.

Mem. de l'Academie imp. des Sciences de St.Petersbourg, VII serie,XI,N 13, 1868.p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !(*& 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 3qebaò da didebaò

qarTulisa enisaò", wbcrfhb7 !(*& o8 1 #

p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !(() - p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 cfmfhsdtkjc cekbthbvbcbf7 s,87 !(() o8

p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !((! 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 othbkt,b7 tctt,b7s,87 !((! o8

p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !((! 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 othbkb ufpts 3thbc4htlfmwbbcflvb7 thb7 !((! o87 * vfbcb8

s8 ufv.htkb't !(*& 2 s8 ufv.htkb't7 vobuyj,hj,f mfhsekb7kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*& o87 @) yjtv,thb

s8 ufv.htkb't7 u8 bdfyjdb !(*$ - N8 Dlpt7D8 Bdfyjd7 Byljtdhjgtqcrbq zpsr b dhjgtqws7 N,87

!(*$ u8;8 ufhbnb !(%^ - G. Garitte, Catalogue des manuscrits géorgiens

littéraires du Mont Sinaï. Louvain, !(%^;8 ufhbnb !(%* - G. Garitte, Le Calendrier palestino-géorgien du

Sinaiticus #$ ~X-e siècle). Edité, traduit et commenté par G. Garitte.Bruxelles, !(%*;8ufhbnb !(&@ - G. Garitte, Un index géorgien des lectures

évangeliques selon l'ancien rite de Jérusalem. Le Muséon, t.85, fasc.3-4,

1972, p.348-353fr8 utkjdfyb !(&( 2 fr8 utkjdfyb7 !))) otkb thsb mfhsekb

'tukbcf7 vyfsj,b7 !(&( o87 1 #s8 udfywtkf't !((( - s8udfywtkf't7 xhlbkj-lfcfdkts cfmfh-

sdtkjc vjcf[ktj,bc tsybrehb itlutybkj,f ief cfereytsfkfgblfhekb ofhotht,bc vb[tldbs7 mfhsdtkehb vtvrdblhtj,f

6667 mesfbcb7 !((( o8

h8 ujhltpbfyb !((# - h8 ujhltpbfyb7 mfhsekbsdbsituyt,bc xfvj.fkb,t,bc ghj,ktvf7 s,87 !((# o8

u8 uhbujkbf !(($ - u8 uhbujkbf7 tuhbc-kfpbrbc cfbcnjhbjutjuhfabbc ghj,ktvt,b7 s,87 !(($ o8

r8 lfytkbf !(() 2 r8 lfytkbf7 cfthj lf cfqvhsj vbcbf7rjveybcnb7 !(() o87 !% fghbkb

h8 ltdlfhbfyb !((% 2 h8 ltdlfhbfyb7 mhbcnbfyekbvothkj,bc cfsfdtt,sfy7 mesfbcb7 !((% o8

v8 dfy tc,hjrb !(*! - M.van Esbroeck, Les manuscrits de Jean-Zosime Sin.34 et Tsagareli 81. Bedi Kartlisa (Revue de kartvélologie),vol. 39, Paris, 1981.u8 stdpf't !((! 2 u8 stdpf't7 rjvgbenthbs fvjwyj,bkb

cfblevkj7 thb7 !((! o87 * vfbcbg8 byujhj.df !(@$ 2 g8 byujhj.df7 3qebaò da didebaò

qarTulisa enisaò"7 rfdrfcbjyb7 !(@$ o87 1 !2@g8 byujhj.df !(#( 2 g8 byujhj.df7 mfhsekb vothkj,bc

bcnjhbbc vjrkt vbvj[bkdf7 vyfsj,b7 !(#( o87 1 (7!)-!!g8 byujhj.df !(%$ - g8 byujhj.df7 ubjhub vthxekt mfhsdtkb

vothfkb vtfst cfereybcf7 s,87!(%$ o8g8 byujhj.df !(^% 2 g8 byujhj.df7 s[pekt,fyb7 n8 III7

s,87 !(^% o8g8 byujhj.df !(&* 2 g8 byujhj.df7 s[pekt,fyb7 n8 IV7

s,87 !(&* o8fd8 bjctkbfyb !(() 2 fd8 bjctkbfyb7 mfhsekb vobuyj,hj,bcf

lf cnfv,bc bcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b7 s,87 !(() o8y8 rfyltkfrb7 u8 wthwdf't !(*& 2 y8 rfyltkfrb7 u8 wthwdf't7

rfktylfhek-mhjyjkjubehb vfxdtyt,tkb7 ($ otkb lfmfhsekb otksfqhbw[df7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1 @v8 rfhfyf't !(*( 2 v rfhfyf't7 mfhsekb [tkyfothb obuybc

.lbc ufajhvt,bc bcnjhbblfy7 uekfyb7 !(*( o8

r8 rtrtkb't !(%! 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 mfhsekb kbnthfnehbcbcnjhbf7 n8 I, s,87 !(%! o8r8 rtrtkb't !(%& 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 tnbelt,b 'dtkb mfhsekb

kbnthfnehbc bcnjhbblfy7 n8 V7 s,87 !(%& o8r8 rtrtkb't !(^) 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 mfhsekb kbnthfnehbc

bcnjhbf7 n8 67 s,87 !(^) o8p8 rbryf't !(*@ 2 p8 rbryf't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7

kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*@ o87 @% bdybcbp8 rbryf't !(*% 2 p8 rbryf't7 3f[fkbc4 ufut,bcfsdbc 3mt,f~ib47

rhbnbrf7 !(*% o87 1 !p8 rbryf't !(() 2 p8 rbryf't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 crjkf

lf w[jdht,f7 !(() o87 1 #

p8 rbryf't !(() 2 p8 rbryf't7 dbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsf~7vflkb7 !(() o87 @^ vfbcb

p8 renb,fidbkb !(*@ 2 p8 renb,fidbkb7 rkfcbrehb lfsfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb vothkj,f7 s,87 !(*@ o8v8 kjhsmbafyb't !(^^ 2 v8 kjhsmbafyb't7 flhtatjlfkehb

[fybc mfhsekb cfbcnjhbj vothkj,f7 s,87 !(^^ o8y8 vfhb !()# - Y8 Vfhh7 Ghtldfhbntkmysq jnxtn j ,jnf[

yf Cbyft7 dtltyys[ d cjnhelybxtcndt c B8L;fdf[jdsv7 b dBthecfk d gjtplre !)_@ u8 ybz fdyjuj

gfktcnb j,o n8 \6|7dsg8 1!7 !()#y8 vfhb !($) - Y8Z8Vfhh7 Jgbcfybt uhepbycrb[ herjgbctq

Cbyfqcrju vjyfcnshz8 V8-K87 !)$_ u8r8 vfxf,tkb !(*( 2 r8 vfxf,tkb7 lfdfsbc cntkbc flubkb ief

cfereytt,bc mfhsekb [tkjdyt,bc bcnjhbfib7 cf,zjsf[tkjdyt,f7 !(*( o87 1 #

k8 vtyf,lt !(*) - k8 vtyf,lt7 'dtkb mfhsekb vothkj,bcrtht,b7 667 s,87 !(*) o8

t8 vtnhtdtkb !(&^ - T8 Vtnhtdtkb7 Pyfxtybt byfqcrjq'rcgtl !)_@ ujlf d fpdbnbb pbyjdtltybz7 N,87

!)*^8

t8 vtnhtdtkb !(&& - 'kbcgbhyb lf qvhsbcvij,kbcfyb7jhb 'dtkb htlfmwbf \-\6 cc8 [tkyfotht,bc vb[tldbs ~ufvjcwf

lf ufvjrdktdf lfehsj t8vtnhtdtkvf`7 s,87 !(&! o8u8 vehqekbf !((@ 2 u8 vehqekbf7 cfe,ht,b mfhsek

kbnthfnehfpt7 s,87 !((@ o8u8 yfhcb't !(*$ 2 u8 yfhcb't7 ($ otkb evtntc7 ufysbflb7

!(*$ o87 1û8 yfhcb't !(*% 2 u8 yfhcb't7 e'dtktcb mfhsekb s[pekt,f7

vyfsj,b7 !(*% o87 1(u8 yfhcb't !(*^ 2 u8 yfhcb't7 3mt,f~c4 bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,b7

vyfsj,b7 !(*^ o87 1 $u8 yfhcb't !(*& 2 u8 yfhcb't7 lfdfsbc mdf-]dfhb7 vyfsj,b7

!(*& o87 1 $9 *y8 gfgefidbkb !(*# 2 y8 gfgefidbkb7 3mt,f~c4 afreknfnehb

cofdkt,bcfsdbc7 mfhsekb tyf lf kbnthfnehf crjkfib7!(*# o87 1 @

h8 gfnfhb't !(*) 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mfhsekb fcjvsfdhekb7s,87 !(*) o8

h8 gfnfhb't !(*! 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7vyfsj,b7 !(*! o87 1 !!

h8 gfnfhb't !(*# 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7vyfsj,b7 !(*# o87 1 &h8 gfnfhb't !(*% 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7

vyfsj,b7 !(*% o87 1 ^h8 gfnfhb't !(*^ 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7

vyfsj,b7 !(*^ o87 1 (h8 gfnfhb't !(*^ 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 fy,fysmt,f7 !(*^ o8h8 gfnfhb't !(*& 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7

vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1!h8 gfnfhb't !(** 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 vobuyj,fhb7 s,87 !(** o8

h8 hfvbidbkb !(*& 2 h8 hfvbidbkb7 fhmtjkjubehb rdktdf-'bt,f fhfudbc [tj,fib7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1 *fk8 cfh]dtkf't !(*( - fk8 cfh]dtkf't7 rfdrfcbbc b,thbbc

cf[tkojlt,bc itcf[t,7 vfwyt7 bcnjhbbc7 fhmtjkjubbc7tsyjuhfabbcf lf [tkjdyt,bc bcnjhbbc cthbf7 !(*(7 1#7 ud8!!*-!@#p8 cfh]dtkf't !(*$ 2 p8 cfh]dtkf't7 mfhsekb

cfkbnthfnehj tybc bcnjhbf7 s,87 !(*$ o8h8 cbhf't !(*% 2 h8 cbhf't7 reknehek-bcnjhbekb

gfhfktkt,b7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*% o87 @(yjtv,thb7 1 $*h8 cbhf't !((@ 2 h8 cbhf't7 mhbcnbfyekb reknehf lf

mfhsekb vothkj,f7 s,87 eybdthcbntnb7 !((@ o8v8 cehuekf't !(&* 2 v8 cehuekf't7 'dtkb mfhsekb

gfktjuhfabekb nthvbyt,b7 s,87 !(&* o8,8 nt[jdb !(&& - <8Nt[jd7 Wtynhfkmys Rfdrfp d \|6-\dd8 lj y8'8 V87 !(&& u8l8 abhjcvfyfidbkb !(*# 2 l8 abhjcvfyfidbkb7 hfvtse

otkb fsfcb7 dbsfhwf thsb lqt7 rhbnbrf7 !(*# o87 1 $r8 abw[tkfehb !(*% - r8abw[tkfehb7 fqvjcfdkts

cfmfhsdtkjc njvsf bcnjhbbc 'bhbsflb ghj,ktvt,b ~'d8o8\|-|66 cfereytt,b`9 s,87 !(*%

n8 aenrfhf't !((( - n8 aenrfhf't7 3mt,f~c ntmcnjkjubeh-ctvfynbrehb 'bt,bc cfrbs[t,b47 fk8 jh,tkbfybcflvb vb'qdybkb

vtcfvt cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbbc vfcfkt,b ~rht,ekb`7 s,87!((( o8

mfhsekb cf,zjsf tywbrkjgtlbf 2 mfhsekb cf,zjsf tywbr-kjgtlbf7 n8 |7 !(*) o89 n8 \7 !(*^ o8

mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(&* - mfhsek[tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf n8 67 s,87

!(&* o8mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(*) - mfhsek

[tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf7 n8667 s,87!(*) o8

mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(*& -mfhsek[tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf7 n86667 !(*& o8

mfhskbc w[jdht,f !(%% 2 mfhskbc w[jdht,f7 n8 67 s,87!(%% o8

mfhsekb vothkj,f !(*$ 2 mfhsekb vothkj,f~ktmcbrjyb-wyj,fhb`7 obuyb I7 s,87 !(*$ o8mfhsekb vothkj,f !(*& 2 mfhsekb vothkj,f7 n8 67 s,87!(*& o8

b8 mfabfidbkb !((# 2 b8 mfabfidbkb7 'dtkb mfhsekb kbnt-hfnehf7 s,87 !((# o8

i8 mehlf't !(^& 2 i8 mehlf't7 ltlftybc pjuflcfufyvf-yfskt,kj aeymwbbcfsdbc7 crjkf lf w[jdht,f7 !(^& o87 1 @

fr8 ifyb't !(%( 2 fr8 ifyb't7 cbyehb vhfdfksfdb7 s,87 !(%(o8

fr8 ifyb't !(&^ 2 fr8 ifyb't7 'dtkb mfhsekb uhfvfnbrf7 s,87!(&^ o8

v8 xf[fdf !(*$ 2 v8 xf[fdf7 mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcftybcf~7 gfhfktkb7 !(*$ o8

d8 xe,byb't !((# 2 d8 xe,byb't7 cfcofekb7 s,87 !((# o8v8 x[fhnbidbkb !((! 2 v8 x[fhnbidbkb7 cfblevkjt,f cf[tkbcf7

vyfsj,b7 !((! o87 1 %v8 x[fhnbidbkb !((@ 2 v8 x[fhnbidbkb7 bcnjhbekb

gjhnhtnt,b7 s,87 !((@ o8v8 x[tb't !((^ 2 v8 x[tb't7 ofhqdyfvltkb b,thbekb tyf7

ufptsb mesfbcb7 !((^ o87 # ctmntv,thbs8 x[tyrtkb !(*# 2 s8 x[tyrtkb7 kfpfht7 f[fkvfy ybyj7

kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*# o87 @@ fghbkb 1!&s8 x[tyrtkb !(*( 2 s8 x[tyrtkb7 vidtybthb v'ktdfhb7 s,87

!(*( o8f8 wfufhtkb !(** - F8 Wfufhtkb7 Gfvznybrb hepbycrjq

cnfhb d Cdznjq Ptvkt b f fdysq

gfktcn c,j n8 IV8 dsg8 I7 CG,87 !)(( u8f8 wfufhtkb !**( - F8 Wfufhtkb7 Cdtltybz j nybrf[

uhepby gbcm @7 CG,87 !(() u8c8wfbidbkb !(&( - mfhsekb gjtpbf s[esvtn njvfl7 n867

s,87 !(&( o8 ~c8wfbidbkbc obyfcbn.dfj,bs` 'dtkb mfhsekb fubjuhfabekb kbnthfnehekb 'tukt,b7

obuyb I-II, s,87 !(^& o8i8 'b'buehb !(^( 2 i8 'b'buehb7 mfhsekb tybc sfduflfcfdfkb7

s,87 !(^( o8h8 zfynehbidbkb !((# 2 h8 zfynehbidbkb7 sfhuvfybc

ufy[bkdf7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !((# o87 @$ ltrtv,thb71 %@

t8 ztkb't !(*# 2 t8 ztkb't7 uyjcnbrehb [fcbfsbc 'tukb7vyfsj,b7 !(*# o87 1 !@

t8 ztkb't !(** 2 t8 ztkb't7 rdkfd 3mt,f~c4 itcf[t, ~[tkyfothbihjvf`7 s,87 !(** o8

p8 zev,ehb't !(*& 2 p8 zev,ehb't7 ltlftyf mfhsekb7s,87 !(*& o8

y8[fpfhf't !((# - y8 [fpfhf't7 3vtc[b4 tsybrehb nthvbybcbcnjhbbcfsdbc7 cfmfhsdtkjcf lf mfhsdtkj,bc fqvybidytkb

ew[jehb lf mfhsekb nthvbyjkjubf7 s,87 !((# o8k8 [fxb't !((! 2 k8 [fxb't7 bjfyt vbyx[bc f[kflfqvjxtybkb

cfufkj,kt,b7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !((! o87 $ bfydfhbk8 [tdcehbfyb !(&* 2 k8 [tdcehbfyb7 Sin #$-bc itlutybkj,bc

cfrbs[bcfsdbc7 vhfdfksfdb7 n8|67 s,87 !(&* o8k8 [tdcehbfyb !(*) 2 k8 [tdcehbfyb7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc thsb

[tkyfothbc itcf[t,7 vhfdfksfdb7 n87 VII7 s,87 !(*) o8b8 ]fdf[bidbkb !($& 2 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 cbyfc vsbc mfhsek

[tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 s,87 !($& o8b8 ]fdf[bidbkb !($( 2 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 mfhsekb gfktjuhfabf7

s,87 !($( o8

bd8 ]fdf[bidbkb !(&( - bd8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 mfhsdtkb thbcbcnjhbf7 n8 67 !(&( o8

c8 ]fyfibf !(%* -c8 ]fyfibf7 cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbf7 s,87!(%* o8

f8 ]fafhb't !((^ - f8 ]fafhb't cfvjwbmekj trktcbbcbcnjhblfy7 n8 67 s,87 !((^ o8

j8 ]fafhb't !((* - j8 ]fafhb't7 mfhsdtkb njvt,bctsyjreknehekb bcnjhbbcfsdbc 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbs

vtcfvt fsfcoktekib7 s,87 !((* o8l8 ]fytkb't !(*( - l8 ]fytkb't7 mt,fb lf lblt,fb mfhsekbcf

tybcfb7 cf,zjsf [tkjdyt,f7 !(*( o87 1$8

Kebay da Didebay KarTvelTay da KarTvelTa Enisay

Documents