kcpe-kcse.com€¦ · Web view2018. 9. 15. · HOME SCIENCE. 441/1. FORM IV . 2 ½ HOURS. JULY/AUGUST. END OF TERM TWO EVALUATION TEST 2018. FORM 4. HOME SCIENCE PAPER 1. MARKING

HOME SCIENCE441/1FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST

END OF TERM TWO EVALUATION TEST 2018

FORM 4HOME SCIENCE PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEMESECTION A (40 MARKS)

1. Functions of tocopherols in the bodyi) necessary for normal body processesii) important in human fertility (1x2=2mks)

2. Four types of earthenware i) glazed earthen wareii) stone wareiii) bone chinesiv) porcelain ( ½ x 4 =2mks)

3. Examples of types of vegetables suitable for preservation in vinegar.- Onions, cucumbers, green mangoes, beetroots ( ½ x 2 =1mk)

4. Three characteristics of a good bedroom should have privacy should be quiet should be restful/comfortable should provide fresh air should provide enough light (any 3 points x 1=3mks

5. Three reasons why an expectant mother should take an increased amount of iron. To protect the mother from getting anaemia. To provide enough iron for the blood formation of the foetus To have enough provision to last the baby at least the first six months after delivery For the mother to be able to replace lost blood during delivery (any 3 x 1 =3mks)

6. Disadvantages of cross method of ventilating a room.i) Draught in the room caused disturbances in the room such as falling of light materialsii) Damages/accidents can occur due to banging of doors and windowsiii) The room tends to be chilly (any 2 points x 1=2mks)

7. Cooking facilities.i) Microwaveii) Three stones

1 of 5iii) Charcoal jiko

iv) Electric cookerv) Gas cookervi) Oil stove (any 4 x ½ = 2mks)

8.

i) Typhoid - Salmonella typhiii) Cholera Vibrio cholerae 2mks

9. Six bodies that protect the consumer.i) Kenya Bureau of Standardsii) Trade Descriptions Actiii) Price control departmentiv) Kenya Consumers Associationv) Weight and measures Actvi) Foods and drugs Actvii)Public health Act (any 6points x ½ =3mks)

10. Two forms of credit buyingi) Hire purchaseii) Use of credit cardsiii) Use of simple non-instalment credit (any 2 points x ½ =1mk)

11. Other causes of tiredness and breathlessness in expectant mothersi) The baby may be bigii) There may be more than one babyiii) Excessive weight gain during pregnancyiv) The expectant mother may be sick (any 3 correct points x1 = 3mks)

12. Points on the care for a first aid box.i) Keep out of reach of young childrenii) It should be lockableiii) It should be kept in a cool placeiv) Should be well labeledv) Should be orderlyvi) Should be clean (any 3x1=3mks)

13. Three categories of soiling matter.i) Dust and other large dry particles which can easily be removed by shaking off.ii) Very fine solid particular fixed into fabric by either water or greaseiii) Perspiration and body oil stains in personal clothing.iv) Stains resulting from contact with certain substances such or foods, blood, beverages etc

(any 3 correct points x 1=3mks)14. Two areas where a continuous wrap opening may be used.

i) Sleevesii) Back opening on children’s clothesiii) Neck opening on sweat shirts and T-shirts (any 2 correct points x 1=2mks)

15. Two seams referred to as inconspicuousi) French seamii) Openiii) Plain seam (any 3 1/2 x 2 = 1mks)

2 of 516. Three methods used to attach a collar on the neckline

i) Use of a cross way stripii) By use of a facingiii) Self neateningiv) Using a band (any 3 correct points x 1 = 3mks)

17. Three reasons for poor quality fried food.i) Too hot fatii) Use of impure fatiii) Oil not hot enoughiv) Food cut into thin piecesv) If food is not drained in absorbent paper (any 3 points x 1 = 3points

18. Two fibres that have the thermoplastic quality.i) Acetate rayanii) Polyesteriii) Nyloniv) Elastofibre (any 2 x ½ =1mks)

SECTION B: 20MARKSCOMPULSORY19 a) Dry cleaning a polyester tie

Collect the cleaning equipment and materials Work in a well ventilated room Protect the hands with gloves shake the tie to remove loose dirt. Pour an adequate amount of the dry cleaning liquid in a basin Immerse the tie in the liquid. Knead and squeeze until clean, work quickly. Squeeze much of the liquid as possible Cover the basin to prevent evaporation of the solution. Dry by hanging straight under shade in a airly place Press using a warm iron, air and store appropriately. After the sediments have settled at the bottom of the basin, pour it back into the storage

container Cover it tightly and store appropriately Clean and store the equipment used ( ½ x 20 = 10mks)

b) Clean your sitting room’s plain wooden floor. Collect all equipment and materials required clean from the furthest end of the room using warm soapy water and a hard

scrubbing brush. scrub a small section at a time using circular motions. Ensure that no part is left

unscrubbed. Scrub along the grain to prevent roughening the surface. Rinse the scrubbed area by wiping with a clean cloth rinsed in warm clean water. Scrub overlapping the sections Work towards the door until the room is all cleaned. Dry the surface with a dry non-fluffy piece of cloth. Clean and store all the materials and equipment used ( ½ x 20=10mks)

3 of 5SECTION C (40 MARKS)

20. a) Three importance of setting a table before meals.

The process ensures orderliness thus making it easy to eat. It creates the mood necessary to boost the dinner’s appetite. It saves time as all table requirements are available. It promotes cleanliness and hygiene as dirt is easily spotted and cleaned (2 x 3 = 6mks)

b) Four ways of saving food in the kitchen Cook just enough - to avoid leftovers. Plan properly – to ensure the right food is prepared. Peel vegetables and fruits thinly – to avoid wastage. Use leftovers properly – to avoid disposing them off. Avoid purchasing perishable foods in bulk. If there is no refrigerator – to avoid discarding

food. Store food appropriately – to avoid spoilage Encourage self service – to avoid wastage Consider likes and dislikes of family members – to avoid leftovers. (4 x 2 = 8mks)

c) Arranging practices involved in fabric pattern pieces preparation in the right order Preparation of the paper patterns. Preparation of the fabric Laying out the pattern pieces Pinning the fabric Cutting out the pattern pieces Transfer pattern marking (Mark according to the processes) 1x6=6mks)

21. a) Three reasons why consumer education is important to an individual. Enables one to interpret and use advertisement wisely and to their advantage. Informs on the importance of planning for family finances and the need to budget and spend

family resources wisely. Informs people on their rights as consumers so as not to be exploited by manufacturers or

sellers of goods and services. Helps people to understand their role/responsibilities as consumers. (2 x 3 = 6mks)

b) Four reasons for carrying out blood test on an expectant mother. To determine rhesus factor in case of incompatibility the mother can receive early treatment. To determine haemoglobin level so that the mother can be advised accordingly, To check of any disease so that medical attention is given and follow up done. To establish blood group in order to prepare for blood transfusion. (4 x 2 = 8mks)

a) Name and explain the three types of pleats Knife pleats – These are arranged to lie facing the same direction. Box pleats – They are made by folding a pair of knife pleats to face away from each other with

the two base layer meeting on the W.S of the work. Inverted pleats – They are made by having two folds of knife pleats facing each other to meet

at a point on the R.S of the article, which forms a box on the W.S of the article. (2x3 = 6mks)

22. a) Preparation of a French seam Place together the two [pieces of fabric with wrong side (½) facing each other and right sides

outside. tack(½) matching the raw edges, fitting lines 6mm(½) above the tacking machine (½) along the tacking.

4 of 5 Trim (½) turnings to 3mm (½) and press (½) open Turn (½) work to wrong side and knife edge (½) With the right sides (½) together, pin (½) and tack (½) along the fitting lines, enclosing raw

edges completely.

Remove pins (½) Stitch (½) along the tacking. Remove tacking (½) and press (½) the seam towards the back of the garment. ( ½ x 12 =6)

b) Six factors which have led to the rise of convenience foods in most households in Kenya today. Most women are working outside their homes thus little time available for food preparation Improved transportation which deliver the foods to all areas. Change in leisure activities leaving less time to prepare food. Increased ownership of refrigerators and freezers. Advertisement and marketing which entices people to purchases. Increased purchasing power. Major advances in food processing industries. (6 x 1 = 6mks)

c) The difference between a broom and a brush Broom have soft bristles while brush have stiff bristles. Brooms removes loose dirt while brushes remove fixed dirt. Brooms sweep large areas while brushes small areas. Brooms have long handles while brushes have short handles. (4 x 2 = 8mks)

5 of 5NAME____________________________________________________INDEX NO.______________

CLASS _________________________ SIGN_________________________ DATE ______________

HOME SCIENCE

441/2FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST



CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION

MARKING SCHEMEAREA OF ASSESSMENT MAX.

SCORE

ACTUAL

SCORE

REMARKS

1. PRESENTATION

Work well pressed(½)

Label firmly(½) on single layer(½) of fabric without

concealing details(½)

Remove tackings(½) and unnecessary threads(½)

and pins removed(½)

General appearance(1)

2 ½

1 ½

1

05

2. CUTTING OUT

All 6 pieces cut ( ½ x 6)

Smooth cutting of blouse front

Smooth cutting of block back

Smooth cutting of back facing

Smooth cutting of front facing

Smooth cutting of sleeve

Smooth cutting of sleeve binding

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

15

3. MAKING OF RIGHT HALF OF THE BLOUSE

4. Making of double pointed dart

a) Straight stitchery (2) and tapering to nothing(1)

b) Thread ends well fastened at the point

c) Correct length of the dart from one tapered end

to the other tapered (10cm) to within 2mm (9.8-

2

3

1

1

10.2cm

d) Correct width of dart

e) Dart snipped (½) at the centre (½) and the

snipped (1) edge neatened (1) using loop stitches

1

1

3

12

5. Making of an open seam on the shoulder

(If not open seam give zero)

a) Seam joined with straight stitchery

b) Well neatened raw edges

c) Evenness of seam allowance

d) Seam pressed open (½) and flat (½) on the

neckline (½) and sleeve crown(½)

e) Correct size of seam allowance (1cm) to within

0.8cm

1

2

1

2

2

08

6. Making of a french seam on the side seam

(If not French seam give zero)

a) Straight stitchery of seam

b) Seam well trimmed (1) no threads on R.S. (1)

c) Seam well knife edged (1)

d) Evenness of seam (1)

e) Correct size (6mm) (4-8mm)

f) Seam pressed towards back

g) Flatness of the seam at armhole

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

08

7. i) Preparation of sleeve seam using French seam

(Underarm)

(if not French seam give zero)

a) Straight stitchery of seam (1)

b) Seam well trimmed (1) No treads on R.S. (1)

c) Seam well knife edged

d) Evenness of seam

e) Correct size 6mm (4-8mm)\

f) Seam pressed towards back

g) Flatness of the seam at armhole

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

08

ii) Attaching the binding and slip hem halfway

Well attached binding Straight stitching Raw edges well enclosed Halfway slip hemmed Quality of stitches

(If not slip hemming give zero)

11222

088. Attaching of the sleeve to the armhole using an

open seam(if not plain seam give zero) Evenness of seam allowance Stitches accurately done on the stitching line Gathers well distributed Trimmed to 1cm

112206

9. Joining the back and front facing a) Back and front facings joined with straight

stitchery(½) seam trimmed (1) pressed open(½) and unneatened (1)

3

0310. Attaching the facing on the neckline

a) Facing attached to neckline with smooth stitchery and correctly.

b) Seam trimmed (1) snipped (1) and under stitched (1)

c) Facing seam and shoulder seam meeting to within 2mm at neckline

d) Free edge of facing well neatened (2) and held down(½) at seam line (½)

e) C.F of blouse and C.F of facing matching(1) to within 2mm (1)

f) C.B of blouse and C.B of facing matching(1) to within 2mm(1)

g) Flatness(1) of neck facing and held with catch(1) stitch

21

3

2

3

2

2

217

Total 9090/2 = 45

NAME____________________________________________________INDEX NO.______________

CLASS _________________________ SIGN_________________________ DATE ______________

HOME SCIENCE441/3FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST



FOODS AND NUTRITION

MARKING SCHEMEAREA OF ASSESSMENT MAX.

SCORE

ACTUAL

SCORE

REMARKS

1. PLAN

Recipes

Available 3 x ½

Correct quantities 3 x ½

Appropriate piece (2)

Order of work

Availability

Proper sequencing

Ability to follow plan

Dovetailing

List of food stuffs

Availability

Adequacy

Appropriateness

List of equipment

Availability

Adequacy

Appropriateness

1 ½

1 ½

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

Sub-total 20

2. PREPARATION AND COOKING

Correct procedure

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3 (beverage)

Method of cooking (at least 2)

Quality of results

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3 (beverage)

3

3

2

2

2

2

1

Sub-total 15

3. PRESENTATION

Utensils

Appropriate

Clean

Table layout

Well laid table cloth

Centre piece

Correct set up cutlery an glassware laid at the right

position

Accompaniments (salt and pepper shakers)

Hygiene

Food hygiene – during preparation and cooking

Kitchen hygiene – during preparation and serving

Personal hygiene – when handling food and

grooming

½

½

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

Sub-total 11

4. ECONOMY OF RESOURCES

Use of water

Taps closed when not in use

No spillage of water

Food

½

½

Using material for the right purpose

No wastage

Fuel

Simmering when necessary

Switching on and off source of fuel appropriately

Clearing up

Clearing as you work/during work

After work

½

½

½

½

½

½

Sub-total 04

Total 50

Final mark = Actual score 2= 25

BIOLOGY231/1FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4BIOLOGY PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME

1. a) The causative agent of cholera. (1mk)

Vibrio cholerae

b) The kingdom into which prokaryotes are placed. (1mk) Number of legs, body parts

c) The two characteristics used to classify arthropods in their classes. (2mks)

Presence or absence of antennae

2. i) The main product of the dark stage of photosynthesis. (1mk)

Glucose Rej. Starch/carbohydrate

ii) The importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis. (1mk)

Traps light that breaks water into H+ ions

3. The path taken by Carbon (IV) Oxide molecule from an actively respiring tissue in an insect to the atmosphere. (3mks)

Tracheoles Trachea Spiracles

4. a) The type of neuron (1mk)

Sensory neurone

Reason: Cell body is off the axon (1mk)

b) Q – Cell body (1mk)

Z – Schwann cell (1mk)

5. a) Fertilization is fusion of male and female gametes nuclei to form a zygote (1mk)

b) Double fertilization takes place in flowering plants; when one male nucleus fuses with egg to form a diploid zygote; while the other male nucleus fuses with polar nuclei to form a triploid endospermic nucleus (3mks)

1 of 4

6. i) Sperm cell: Mitochondrion (2mks)

ii) Pancrease: Golgi bodies

7 a)i) Narrow lumen (2mks)

Enhance capillarity

ii) Lack of cross walls

Allow continuous movement of water uninterupted

b) Two distinguishing features of the phloem sleve tubes. (2mks)

Presence of sieve plates Presence of cytoplasmic strands Presence of companion cell

8. a) How the alveoli are adapted to their function (3mks)

Have thin film of moisture to dissolve gases for efficient diffusion Have network of capillaries for transportation of gases Have thin epithelium for faster diffusion of gases

b) Red blood cells (1mk)

9. Two hormones involved in osmoregolation (2mks)

Antidiuretic hormone Aldostereone

10 ) i) Ecological niche

Position occupied by an organism and the role it plays

ii) Biosphere

Part of the earth that support life.

iii) Population

Members of a given species in a particular habitant at a particular time

11. B - Change into cotyledon

C – Forms endosperm

E – Develops into embryo

12. i) Fats/lipids : acc oils

ii) - Releases more energy per molecules on oxidation

- Produces a lot of metabolic water on oxidation

2 of 4

13. Seedling A

Epigeal germination

Seedling B

Hypogeal germination

b) Oxidises food to release energy

14. a) Sex-linkage is genes attached to sex chlromosomes and are inherited together with those that determines sex

b) – Premature baldness

- Tuft of hair in nose and pinna

15. a) – Homologous- Analogous

b) The breaking up, drifting and separation of big land mass to form the present day different contents.

16. Presence of: - Centrum- Neural canal- Transverse process

17. a) For light to pass throughb) Avoid distortionc) Maintain turgidityd) Contrast

18 – Support of herbaceous plants- Osmoregulation- Feeding of insectivorous plants- Opening and closing of stomata

19. Arteries have narrow lumen; get blood directly from the aorta-heart with high pressure 20. i) Pellagra

ii) Goitre

21. Less insulin/insufficient; No conversion of glucose to glycogen; hence excess glucose in the body

22 i) Fovea Centralus ii) Have tough connective tissue which help to support and protect other parts of the eye balliii) Have auxiliary muscles whose contraction and relaxation alters tension exerted on suspensory ligaments

23. The movement (of lower arm upward) takes place at the elbow (olecranon process) which is between the ulna and humerus; biceps contract, triceps relax; bringing about movement of the lower arm up

3 of 424 a) Rubber – making tyres

b) Papain – meat tenderizer- Treat indigestion

c) Quinine – making malaria drugs

25. a) Stromab) Photosynthesisc) - Granum in chloroplast

- Inner membrane of mitochondrion is folded to form cristae

26. - Peristalsis- Churning of food

4 of 4BIOLOGY231/2FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST



MARKING SCHEME

1.

Genotypic ratio: 1GG : 2GH : 1HH

b) Phenotypic ratio 1 black guinea; 2 black guinea and white; 1 white

c) Co-dominance

d) Blood group AB

2. a) L – ChorionM – Umbilical chord

b) Allow exchange of substances between mother and foetus such as antibodies to embryo giving it passive immunity.- Secrete progesterone hormone which helps in mantaining pregnancy

c) - Blood cells- Plasma protein

d) Causes miscarriage; since ovary (cerpus luleum) secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy- After 4 months – the placenta secretes progesterone which maintains pregnancy hence; no effect

3 a) Glomerulusb) Lined with network of capillaries to transport reabsorbed materials -U-shaped – for counts current multiplier effect for efficient reabsorption of materials (water, mineral salt/sodium iron) c) Vasoconstriction

- shivering - Increase in metabolic rate;- Hair follicle rise/become upright

4. R – MitochondrionN – Synaptic vesicle

1 of 4

ii) Source of energyiii) Cause synaptic vesicle to discharge acetylcholine (transmitter substance) into synaptic cleft and

makes the post synaptic membrane to become permeable to sodium ions; hence action potential (continuation of impulse)

c) It is automatic rapid response to certain stimulus

5. a) Dicotyledonous stem - presence of vascular cambium- Arrangement of vascular bundle in concentric manner

b) - Have actively dividing cells- Its cell lacks vacuoles- Its cells are unspecialized - Its cells have thin cell wall

c) Amino acid/sucrose/fatty acid and glycerol rej.glucosed) Protection from mechanical injury/entry of micro-organisme) Lignin

6. a) X and Y axis -2mksScale – 2mks

Curve -1mkPlotting – 1mk

b) Intermittent / discontinuous curve2 of 4

c) Dissolving of hard; cuticle formation of new cuticle; shedding of old cuticle; hence growth of body

ii) Instar period new cuticle formed; exoskeleton hardens inhibition of increase in length/growth

iii) Cuticle/Chitinous exoskeleton

iv) Attachment of musclesprotection from injury

support the body and organd) i) Instar

ii) Juvinilee) 3 (three)f) Arthropoda

7. a) - Highly vascularised- Thin membrane/epithelium- Moist lining- Lining surface area

b) Inspiration- External intercostals muscles contract- internal intercostals muscles relax- raising ribs upwards and outwards- muscles of diaphragm contract- diaphragm contracts- diaphragm flattens- volume of the thoracic cavity increases- pressure of thoracic cavity decreases- high air pressure in the atmosphere presses air into the lungs through nose

Expiration- External intercostals muscles relax- Internal intercostals muscles contract- Ribcage move downwards and inward- Muscle of diaphragm assume dome shape.- Volume of the thoracic cavity decreases- Pressure of the thoracic cavity increases- Higher pressure forces air out of the lungs through nose.

8. Fossil records; - These are remains of ancestral forms that were accidentally preserved in rocks; for example pentaductly limb; or skill of human beings

Comparative anatomy- Comparison of body structures. Homologous structures have common origin but have been modified to perform different functions e.g fixelious and vertebrates. Some structures have different origins but have been modified to perform same functions e.g. wings of birds and insects; some structures have reduced in size and have ceased to function e.g. appendix, coccyx

3 of 4

Geographical distribution; The present continent existed as one land mass but due to continental drift, they were separated and animals were isolated, and have developed differently; eg Tiger in Asia, Cheater and Leophard in Africa and Jaguar in Amazon

Comparative Embryology – comparison of vertebrates embryos. They are morphologically similar; at one stage of their development eg embryo of rabbit, man, reptile.

Cell biology; - cells of higher organism show basic similarities in their structure; they have cell membranes ribosomes golgi bodies.

Comparative serology; - The analysis of blood proteins and the antigens they reveal phylogenetic relationship; e.g. serum of rabbit and serum of human being

4 of 4BIOLOGY231/3FORM IV 2 ½ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST



MARKING SCHEME

1. a) - Class Arachnida- Class crustacea (2mks)

Reject if the word do not start with capital letter

b) i) 8cm x 8cm = 64cm2 (2mks)Reject without cm2

ii) A - 7B - 6C – 8D - 8 (4mks)

iii) Whole area of study measures 34.5cm ±0.1 Length by 27.3cm ±0.1 widthArea of the chart/area of the chart

(27.3 x 34.5) cm2 = 941.85cm2

Average member of organisms in each quadrant

7+6+8+8 = 29 = 7.25 =7 organisms/64cm2 4 4

Total population = Study area x Number of organisms Area of one quadrat in one quadrat

= 941.85 x 7 64

= 103.01

῀103 insects (4mks)

c) Quadrat (1mk)

d) i) Terestrial habitat ii) Aquatic habitat (2mks)

e) Sweepnet/pit falltrap (1mk)

1 of 22.a) i) To the little amount of food substance, add little amount of iodine solution

Blue-black colour indicates presence of starch; - Brown colour of iodine indicates absence of starch (3mks)

ii) Colour changes to blue black; Starch present

b) i) To little amount of the solution add equal amount of Benedicts solution, and heat/boil (2mks)

ii) There is no observable change/blue colour of Benedicts solution remains;Reducing sugars absents (2mks)

C i) 7cm3/ or any amount higher than 5ii) 11cm3/ any amount higher than the above in (c(i)

iii) K2 produced more foam than K1

Cutting K2 into pieces increases surface area for enzyme action (rej. Enzyme reaction)

3. (1) Ilium (2) Caudal vertebra rej. Wrong spelling(3) Femur (3mks)

b) i) Ball and socket jointii) Has a rounded head /Ball shaped head/end (2mks)

c) i) Intervertebral discii) Absorbs shock

Reduces frictionAllows movement (3mks max 2 mks)

d) Broad to increase surface; area for muscles attachment.

e) i) Obturator foramen (1mk) ii) Passage of blood vessels/nerves rej. Wrong spelling

(1mk)

2 of 2PHYSICS232/1FORM IV 2 HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

PHYSICS PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME1. Mw = 70 – 20 = 50g

Vw = 50 = 50cm3

1

ML = 69.5 – 20 = 49.5

Density = M = 49.5 = 0.99gcm-3

V 50

2. Decrease in pressure

3. Extension of @ spring = 4 = 2cm 2

K = F = 5 = 2.5 N/cm e 2

e = 5 = 1 cm 25x2

4. It draws heat as it vaporizes

5. Detergent lowers surface tension

6. Rate of flow = A x l t

= 50 x 10 -4 x 0.5 = 10 x 10-4m3/s2.5

7. F1d1 = F2d2 + F3d3

A x 0.3 = (0.1x8) + 100 x 0.6

A = 202.67N

8. Geometrical optic

1 of 59. P = heg

= 0.76 x 1.36 x 104 x 10= 103360

10.

11. P1V1 = P2V2

990 x V2 = 750 x 240

V2 = L 2 = 182mm

12. Prevents the back flow of mercury before the reading is taken.

13. On heating, its molecules gain H.E vibrating more vigorously and hence occupies more space.

SECTION B (55MARKS)

14. a) Rate of change of angular displacement

b) i) F = MV 2 r

= 2 x 2500 6

= 8333.3N

ii) T = MV 2 - mg r

= 8333.3

= 8313.3N

iii) T = MV 2 + mg r

= 8333.3 + 20

= 8353.3N

c) B, tension is maximum2 of 5

15. a) It is the quality of heat required to change a unit mass of the material from solid to liquid without change in temperature.

b) i) As a control experiment

ii) i) Q = pt= 24 x 11 x 60= 15840J

ii) 63 - 24= 39g

iii) Q = mlflf = Q

m= 15840 0.039= 406153.85J/kg

16 (a) Its states that floating body displaces its own weight on the fluid in which it floats.

b) i) Vol of the disc = π r2h

= 22/7 x 0.7/2 x 0.12

Vol of water displaced = 0.00462m3

Mass of the disc = mass of water displaced

= 100 x 0.00462

= 4.62kg

ii) P = M V

= 4.62 . π x 0.7 x 0.7x 0.24

2 2

= 4.62 0.00924

= 500 kg/m3

iii) Vol/ of water displaced = Vol of disc= 0.00924m3

Mass of water displaced = 100 x 0.00924 = 9.24kg

Extra mass = 9.24 – 4.62 = 4.62kg

No. of coins = 4.62 x 1000 10 = 462 coins

3 of 517. a) V.R = 1

Sin 300

= 1 = 2 ½

b) = M.A x 100 V.R

72 = M.A x 100 2

M.A = 1.44

M.A = L E

1.44 = 500 E

E = 500 = 347.2N 1.44

c) Work done against friction = work input = work output

Work input = mgh

= 50 x 10 x 4 = 2000J

Work out put = effort x effort distance

347.2 x 4/Sin30 = 2.777.65

Work against friction

= 2777.6 – 2000 = 777.6J

d) V.R = 2π R = 2π x 0.04=50.26 Pitch 0.005

40 = M.A x 10050.26

M.A = 40 x 50.26 = 20.11100

E = LM.A

= 300 x 10 20.11

= 149.18N4 of 5

18 a) Moisture exerts pressure thus the air has to be dry

- Record values of pressure and volumeii) – Plot graph A P against I/V

- The graph is a straight line

iii)

IV) Matter is made up of particles. Ceases are i) Compressible when pressure is exerted on the gas, the intermolecular distance decreases. The

total amount of space occupied by the gas is reduced hence volume is reduced with increase in pressure.

ii) When heat is applied to a gas, the particle’s vibrations increase, the impact (collisions) with the container is increased. This leads to increased force exerted on the containet hence pressure is increased

19. a) It is a collision when only momentum isi) conserved but K.E is not.ii) Momentum before collision = momentum after collision

M1U1 + M2U2 = (M1 + M2)V

(3000 x 3) + (600 x U2) = (3000 + 600)x0

9000 + 600U2 = 0

U2 = -15m/s

The car was moving to the left

b) i) T = 2U = 2t g

= 2 x 1 = 2 sec

ii) Hmax = U 2 2g

= 10 2 2 x10 = 5M


JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

PHYSICS PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME1. 90 - 38

= 52

2. Photoelectric emission trappers when electromagnetic radiation of sufficient frequency is radiated on a surface and electrons are emitted while thermionic emission is the process of emission of electrons due to treat energy.

3. T1 = 2.165 = 1.085 + 2 = 4.75 = 2.375 2 2

D1 = 1.08 x 330 = 356.4m D2 = 2.375 x 330 = 783.75m

Total Distance = 356.4 + 783.75 = 1140.15m

4. Zinc is eaten away Amalgamation of pure zinc

5. f = I T

= I 180 x 10-4

= 55.56H

6. Actual count – 450-50 = 400, 100-50=50

400 x 200 x 100 x 50

3x = 72

x = 24hrs

1 of 57.

8. The angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the less dance medium is 900

9. Dipoles have increased vibration that cause them to get disaligned leading to demagnetisation

10. - Microwaves Visible light

11. The magnitude of induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage.

12. Vp = VsNp Ns

400/1200 = Vs/1200 Vs = 40V

13. Leaf divergence decreases

Positives are attracted to the cap

SECTION B

14. a) i) 2.4 x 1014Hz

ii) Gradient = 1.8 – 0.2(7.5-3.0)x1014 1

h 1.8 – 0.2 ؞ e (7.5-3.0)x1014

h = 1.8 – 0.2 x 1.6 x 10 -19 (7.5-3.0)x1014

= 4.267 x 10-34

iii) Wo = hfo

= 2.5 x 1014 x 4.267 x 10-34

= 1.0668 x 10-19s

iv) Wo = hf

= 6.6 x 10-34 x 4.8 x 1014

= 3.168 x 10-19J

2 of 5

15. i) A – Tungsten or molybdenumB - Lead

ii) Step-up transformer to supply large voltage

iii) Electrons produced by thermionic emission are accelerated towards the target (anode) by high potential difference between the cathode and the anode.

iv) So that the electrons do not loose some of its energy through collision by the molecules

b) By regulating the accelerating voltage i.e. the higher the acceleration voltage the higher the penetrating power.

c) E = hf2.089 x 10-14 = 6.6 x 10-34f

F = 2.089 x 10 -14 6.6 x 10-34

= 3.165 x 10-19Hz

J = v/f

= 3.0 x 10 8 3.165 x 1019

= 9.478 x10-12m

16. a) It states that the ratio of the sine angle of incidence to the sine angle of refraction is a constant

b) n = Real depthApparent depth

1.56 = 10/x

x = 6.41cm

Vertical displacement = 10 – 6.41

= 3.59cm

c) i) n = velocity of light in vacuum velocity of light in medium

= 3.0 x 10 8 1.94 x 108

= 1.546

ii) n = 1sin c

1.546 = 1Sin c

3 of 5Sin c = 1

1.546

c = 40.30

d) - Minimal energy losses due to the total internal refraction - Large quantity of data can be converted per unit time

- it is flexible

e) wng = wna . ang2/3 x 4/3

= 8/9

Sin 30 = 8Sin Ɵ 9

Ɵ = 26.80

17. i) It is the process of correcting A.C to D.C

ii) In the 1st phase current flows from A-B-D-R -D2 –E-F. This is because diode D4 and D2 are forward biased allowing current to pass through while in the 2nd phase the flow of current is F-E-D3-D-R-B-A because D3 and D1 are forward biased allowing current through

iii) Include – capacitor across the load smoothening the output

i) If condensed on air ions caused by radiation

iii) When a radioactive element emits radiations into the chamber the air inside is ionized. The ions formed acts as nuclei on which water vapour condense forming tracks.

18. a) i) 10 x 5 = 50 10 = 3.333Ω 1 5 15 3

= 3.333Ω + 4Ω 1

= 7.333Ω 1

4 of 5ii) Total current = 12 = 1.636A

7.333

p.d across 4Ω = 1.636 x 4 = 6.546V

iii) Current through 5Ω resister

I5Ω = 12 – 6.546

5Ω

= 5.454 5

= 1.0908A

b) i) Capacitor in parallel

3+1

= 4µf

Combined capacitance 4 x 4 = 164 + 4 8 = 2µf

ii) Q = CV

= 2 x 10-6 x 12

= 24 x 10-5C


JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

PHYSICS PAPER 3

MARKING SCHEMEQuestion 1 – Part A

d) d = 0.200 ± 0.01 – at least 3dp

U(cm) 25 40 45 50 55 60 65 70V cm 46.7 40.0 36.0 33.3 31.4 30.0 29.0 28.0U(cm2) 1635 1600 1620 1665 1727 1800 1885 1960(U+V)cm 81.7 80.0 81.0 83.3 86.4 90.0 94.0 98.0

e) A graph of UVcm2 against U+Vcm

Slope (m) = UV (cm 2 ) (U+V)cm

= 1600 – 0 ½ 80 – 0 ½

= 20 cm ± 0.2 1 Missing units don’t award

1 of 4

Q1 - Part B

f) i) DP1 = 10.5cm (1mk)

ii) DI = 7.0cm (1mk) Award zero if no units

iii) Ratio of DP1 = 10.5cm = 1.50 ± 0.2cm DI 7.0cm

g) The ratio (iii) represents the refractive index of glass block with repeat to air (1mk)

Question 2 Part A

b = 2.9 I 0.1 V

c) Length (cm) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7Current 1(A) 0.6 052 0.44 0.4 0.35 0.291/I (A1) 1.67 1.92 2.27 2.5 2.85 3.4

g) Slope D 1 / I(A -1 ) ½ = 3.0 ± 0.2 A-m-1 1 (2mks) DL(m) ½

h = (i) = E = 29

Slope = K K = Slope x E 2.9

ii) Q/E = Intercept Use student valueUnits must be there

Q = intercept x F

2 of 4

Question 2 Part B

a) V = Use student valuedisplacement method

V2 – V1 = Vmass

b) G = 50.0 ± 0.1cm (Must be 1dp)

3 of 4

d)

X (cm) Y (cm) S = Y/X

15 13.0 0.866720 17.3 0.865

e. Say = 0.8667 + 0.865 = 0.865852

f) f = s x w

= 0.86585 x 100

= 0.86N (Units must be there)

4 of 4

AGRICULTURE443/1FORM IV 2 HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

AGRICULTURE PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1. Livestock farming is the rearing of farm animals while arable farming is the growing of crops (1mk)

2. – Resources are properly utilized- High capital investment- High output/yield per unit area- Labour intensive- Hogh level of management skills required (4x ½ = 2mks)

3. – Light wavelength - Light duration- Light intensity ( ½ x 2 = 1mk)

4. – Predator- Decomposer- Pollinators ( ½ x 2 = 1mk)

5. i) When there is no alternative

ii) When resources are free/donation/giftiii) When the resources are unlimited ( ½ x 2 = 1mk)

6. i) It makes it easy to control pestsii) Fruits are not contaminated by soiliii) Easy to harvestiv) Pruning is easy

iv) Easy to weed (4 x ½ =2mks)

7. i) Land tenure reformii) Land consolidationiii) Land adjudication and registrationiv) Settlement and resettlement (4 x ½ mks)

8. Seed dressing – is the coating of seeds with a fungicide or an insecticide or a combination of the two chemicals while seed inoculation is the coating of seeds with the right strain of Rhizobium depending on the type of legume and encourage nodulation hence nitrogen fixation (2x ½ = 1mk)

1 of 6

9. – Grazing- Cut and given as green fodder- making silage (2 x ½ = 1mk)

10. Trap crop is a crop grown before the main crop to trap pests (in between the main crop) (1mk)

11. – Protect farm as a fence- Mark boundaries- Wind breaks- Provide wood/timber/fuel (2 x ½ = 1mks)

12. – Soil erosion control- Fence water points- Control of dumping industrial wastes into rivers- Clean chemical containers equipment used with chemicals away from water points

13. a) Use of living organisms to control weeds

b) - Saves labour- Does not pollute the environment- It is cheap (2 x ½ = 1mk)

14 a) - Protein and amino acid synthesis- For formation of enzymes and hormones- Increases oil content in oil crops- For chlorophyll formation- Carbonate metabolism (2 x ½ = 1mk)

b) - Volume of heap/materials in the pit goes down

- Materials easily breaks to small pieces when pressed between fingers.- Growth fungi/moulds in manure- Temperature within the material goes down

15. i) Apply mulch to control weedsii) Using herbicides to control weedsiii) Growing cover crops to control weedsiv) Heavy harrowing followed by plantingv) Timing cultivation/late weeding followed by planting

16. a) Hardening-off is the practice of adapting seedlings to ecological condition prevailing in the main seedbed.b) Seedling bed is a special nursery bed prepared to raise seedlings which have been removed from the nursery bed due to overcrowding before they are ready for transplanting.

c) Pricking out is the removal of seedlings due to overcrowding and planted in a second nursery bed to allow the seedling to grow health without competition.

17. i) Loansii) Inheritanceiii) Personal savingsiv) Gifts and donationsv) Winning rafflesvi) Borrowing from friendsvii) Crop boards

2 of 6

18. a) Utility – The satisfaction one gets by using a commodity

b) – To compare performance of one farm and another- To compare performance between one season and another.- To compare performance of one enterprise with another on the same farm.- To measure the profit in the farm.

SECTION B (20 MARKS)19. i) X - Loam

Y – Sand (2 x ½ =1mk)

ii) Soily/Sandy (1mk)

iii) It has drained the highest amount of water (1mk)

iv) Soil Z/clay soil (1mk)

v) It has retained the highest amount of water20. a) T-budding (1mk)

b) A - budB – Tree bark (2 x ½ = 1mk)

c) – Makes it possible to grow more than one type of fruit on the same tree- Helps to propagate clones which cannot be propagated in any other way.

21. a) Roof catchment (1mk)

b) – Roof surface area- Rainfall duration- Rainfall intensity (3 x 1=3mks)

c) – Painting to control rusting- Repair of leaking parts (2 x ½ =1mks)

d) - Drums- Wells- Retention ditches- Ponds- Rock catchment- Use of dams- Use of weirs- Micro-catchment

22. a) Stalk borer/maize stalk borer (Busseola fusca)

b) – It bores through maize leaves- It bores through maize cobs and stems- It lowers the quality of maize grains- Lowers quantity/yield

3 of 6

c) - Sorghum- Sugarcane- Nappier grass

d)

SECTION C

23. a) i) Partial budget for the farmer. (8mks)

DEBIT (-) CREDIT (+)Extra cost Shs. Cts Extra revenue Shs. ctsIrish potatoes

i) fertilizer

4x10x650

ii) Labour

4x10x650

iii) seeds

8000x10

Revenue figures

Maize yield

35x10x1000

Extra cost + Revenue

Foregone

26,000

40,000

80,000

146,000

350,000

496,000

00

00

00

00

00

00

Irish potatoes

120x10x600

Cost saved

Maize

i) Seed

750x10

ii) Fetilizer

2x10x650

Extra Revenue + cost saved

720,000

7,500

13,000

740,500

00

00

00

00

ii) (Extra revenue + cost saved) – (Extra cost + foregone) 740,500 + 496,000 = 244,500The farmer should go ahead with the change because credit is more than debit by 244,500 (5mks)

b) i) Top dressing - It is done when they are 20-25cm in height using S.A or CAN to improve on nitrogen level and leaf performance.

ii) Weed control- Its normally done by hand and the field should be kept weed free. This reduces competition for resources

iii) Pest control- pests e.g. Aphids, cutworms, cabbage saw fly reduces the quality of cabbages and should be controlled by use of appropriate insecticide and crop rotation.

iv) Disease control – Diseases e.g. Damping off, black rot, dawny mildew should be controlled by use fungicides to reduce cost of population.

v) Harvesting - Cabbage are ready 3-4 months after transplanting. The heads are cut when solid and compact.

4 of 6

24. a) - Agent of weathering- Increasing the rate of evapotranspiration of moisture from the soil.- Blowing away and bring rain bearing clouds- Acting as agent of seed dispersal- Increasing the spread of pests and diseases- Destruction of farm structures- Acting as agent of soil erosion- Areas with high humidity tend to be hotter but when wind takes away atmospheric water, a cooling

effect occurs- Increases rate of evapotranspiration

b) i) Grass strips /filter strips- Grass strips are left between cultivated land to reduce speed of water and filter out eroded soil.

ii) Cover cropping- Involves establishing a crop that spreads over the soil surface thus protecting soil from the effects of

raindrops

iii) Contour farming- Cultivation and planting is done across the slope thus helping in holding water infiltration.

iv) Mulching- Covers the soil thus reducing splash erosion and speed of run-off

v) Intercropping- involves planting together crops that do not cover the soil with those that cover in order to reduce

splash erosion and surface run-off.

vi) Maximum tillage- Helps to maintain soil structure, leaves a rough seedbed such that soil particles are not easily

detached and encourages water infiltration.

vii) Afforestation/re-afforestation- Helps to prevent splash erosion by atomizing rain drops and encourages water infiltration; acts as

wind breakers.

viii) Vegetated water way- Vegetation on water ways slows down run-off and traps ended soil thus preventing further erosion

ix) Strip cropping- Alternating strips of crops that give good soil cover with those that do not. Those that give good soil

cover control movement of soil particles thus helping to control soil erosion. 25. a) i) Crop root depth – deep rooted crops should be alternated with shallow rooted crops

ii) Crop nutrient requirement – Heavy or gross feeders should come first in a newly opened land.

iii) Weed control – crops associated with certain weeds should be alternated with those which are not.

iv) Improvement of soil fertility – leguminous crop should be included in the programme to improve fertility.

5 of 6

v) Pest and disease control – crops from the same families should not follow one another in rotation programme

v) Crops in the same family should not follow each other in a crop rotation programme

b) i) Purpose of the cropii) Market demandiii) Concentration of the required chemicaliv) Weather conditionsv) Prevailing market price and profit margin (5 x 1=5mks)

c) – Dumping of cheap products in the country reducing demand of local products- Drop in price discourage farmers- Closure of local industries due to lack of raw materials\- Loss of employment/jobs- Low farmers income- Health risk to people if proper checking is not done.

6 of 6

AGRICULTURE443/2FORM IV 2 HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

AGRICULTURE PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1. – Increase conception rate due to higher ovulation rate- It facilitates implantation of the zygote

2. – Frequent power failures may lead to high losses - It is costly to install- It cannot be used directly in most farm operations

3. Lactometer

4. a) – Cross breedingb) – Out-crossing

5. – Saanen - Toggen burg- German alpine- Jamnaperi- Anglonubian

6. – Sickness- Old age- Infertility

7. – It is easy to control the amount of milk given to the calf.- It facilitates early weaning- It facilitates keeping of up to date milk yield records.- It is easy to maintain high standards of hygiene.- It is easy to milk a cow even in the absence of a calf.

8. – African swine fever- Newcastle- Rinder pest- Fowl pox- Gumboro- Foot and mouth disease

1 of 4

9. – Syringe and Hypodermic needle- Trocar and canula- Elastrator and rubbering

10. – Level of production /type/breed of the animal- Environmental/ weather conditions- Body size/weight- Activity/purpose of the animal i.e ploughing or mating- Physiological status of the animal e.g. health, pregnancy or lactation.- Age of the animal

11. i) Anaemia – Ironii) Ostemalacia – Calciumiii) Goitre - Iodine iv) Curved toe paralysis – Vitamin B2

12. – Cleaning the fish to remove mud/any worms- Cleaning abdominal cavity thoroughly - Keep fish in open containers- Remove scales and slime - Open the fish on the side to remove gut and the intestines/gutting

13. – Proventriculus

14. (i) Digestion and digestibility Digestion is the breaking down of food materials into simple substances while digestibility is the portion of food retained in animals body, after taking care of losses through urine, faeses and gases.

ii) Forage crops and fodder cropsForage crops are plants which grow naturally or planted by man while fodder crops are forage crops harvested at a certain stage and fed to livestock.

15. Oxytocin

16. Caponisation is the act of rendering a male sterile while castration is rendering a mature male calf sterile.

17. a) W – Piston head (1mk) Y – Gear box

b) X – Transmits power from the rear wheels allowing them to turn at different speeds. (1mk)Y – Allows pistons to move up and down thus producing power

c) i) Draw bar (1mk)ii) Power take off shaft (P+O)iii) Hydraulic system

18. i) Docking / Tailing (1mk)ii) - For easy mating (1mk)

- Fat distribution- Prevent blowfly infestation

iii) 2 – 3 weeks after birth (1mk)iv) Use of elastrator and a rubber

Use of a sharp knife

2 of 4

19. a) Liver flukeb) One final host for the parasite, (cattle/sheep)c) Intermediate host for the parasite

Water snaild) Measured used to control the parasite- Control the intermediate host/water snail- Draining swampy areas/leveling any depression that may hold water in pastures- Burning of the infected pastures during the dry season- No grazing animals near marshy/water logged areas- Routine drenching of the animals

20. a) Identify the mineral deficiency shown by the chick (1mk)- Manganese deficiency

b) Apart from the symptoms illustrated above give three other symptoms of mineral deficiency in poultry

- Reduced hatchability- Sterility- Reduced shell thickness.

c) Give birds balanced diet

SECTION C

21. a) – Food material is temporarily stored in the rumen- Coarse grass is regurgitated for further chewing in the mouth (Chewing cud)- Saliva mixes with the feed when chewing the cud, creating a alkaline PH which is suitable for

bacteria digestion in the rumen.- In the rumen, carbohydrates are broken down into volatile fatty acids, acetic acids and

hydrochloric acids.- Proteins are broken down into amino-acids and ammonia gas is released.- Essential amino-acids are synthesized from ammonia and non-protein nitrogen.- Micro-organisms also synthesize certain vitamin complex and vitamin K- Much of the volatile fatty acids and ammonia are re-absorbed through the rumen wall into the

bloodstreams.- Gases like methane, hydrogen and Carbon (IV) Oxide are removed through belching. - The food is then passed to the reticulum through the oesophageal groove. (8x1= 8mks)

b) – The land wheel bearing should be lubricated.- Worn-out shares should be replaced- Blunt shares should be sharpened by hammering.- Check for loose nuts and bolts and tighten them accordingly.- Coat the ox-plough with old engine oil or any other anti-rust substance if kept for long.

c)i) Over excitement, aggression, abnormal soundii) Dullness, restlessnessiii) Limbing, straining while walkingiv) Abnormal posture while sitting/ standingv) Poor appetitevi) Larvae / blood in stoolvii)High temperatureviii) Abnormal urine colour

22 a) – Spray the entire backline from shoulder to the tail- Spray the sides with a zigzag motion to trap and retain acaricide from the backline

3 of 4

- Spray the belly with the nozzle facing upwards- Spray scrotum/udder and the hind flanks carefully.- Spray both hind legs up to and including the heels.- Spray under the tail head and area around the anus and the vulva- Hold the tail switch on to the ramp and spray it thoroughly to ensure complete wetting.- Spray the neck and the fore legs from the flanks to the heels.- Spray the head and face making sure that bases of the horns are thoroughly wetted.- Spray the inside of the ears. (10 x 1 = 10mks) should follow the sequence

b) Advantages of a four stroke engine- Produces high power/can do heavy farm work- Have efficient fuel and oil utilization- Performs a wide range of farm operations- The engines are effectively cooled with water.- Exhaust gases are effectively expelled.

c) Dip tank should be cleaned regularly by removing sediments- Broken timber rails should be replaced.- Repair broken cracks in various parts.- Roof maintained properly to avoid leakage which might dilute the dipwash- Clean the animals holding yard, foot bath to remove mud or dung.

23. a) Claw hammer – driving nails in and out of wood.Tape measure – measures required sizes of timberTin strips – Cutting iron sheets for roofing.Clamp – for holding tightly pieces of wood when cutting or joingHandsaw – Cutting timber.

b) – Requires a lot of land- Eggs can get lost in the runs- Eggs get dirty in the runs- Birds can be stolen or eaten by predators- Birds can destroy crops due to poor fencing.- Difficult to keep individual eggs production records.- Low stocking rate.- The range they are may become contaminated with parasites and diseases.- Difficult to follow breeding programme as birds are housed together.- Low egg production due to more energy used in movement.

c) – Feeding during milking- Washing udder with warm water- Sucking by the calf.- Presence of milk person and milking utensils- Conditioning the cow to regular milking intervals.

4 of 4

BUSINESS STUDIES565/1FORM IV 2 HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME

1. – Source of foreign exchange Provision of raw materials Creation of employment as the natural resources are extracted. Provision of land for erecting buildings. Providing energy e.g. solar, geothermal e.t.c.

2. – Through transportation, goods reach their required destination. Through warehousing goods stored meet unexpected demand Through advertising consumers are informed of the goods in the market. Through banking, they save and store money for future needs and for safety reasons. Through trade where consumers gets what they do not produce.

3. Margin = G.P. Sales

0.25 = G.P.480,000

G.P. = Sh. 120,000

R.O.S.T.O. = Cost of SalesAverage Stock

But G.P. = Sales – C.O.G.S.

120,000 = 480,000 – C.O.G.S.

R.O.S.T.O. = 360,000(80,000+120,000

= 360,000 = 3.6 times 100,000

4. – Where the production scale is low Where goods are produced as per customer’s order

1 of 5- Where one has bulk buyers

- Where the size of the market is large/fast moving goods- Where the risk of storage for the product is very high e.g. perishable goods

5. – Cheque- Standing order- Credit transfer- Electronic money transfer (EFT)- Telegraphic transfers

6. – Indicating ingredients used- Indicating expiry date- Writing instructions on the use/storage of products- Giving contacts/phone numbers- Indicating stamp of approval from Kenya Bureau of Standards

7. – Where a firm has a copywright/patent rights on a product- Where technology to produce a particular product is only available to one firm- Where market size is too small to accommodate several firms- Where a firm has absolute control of inputs (raw materials) required in the production of a

particular product.- Where the initial capital is too large thus making other firms unable to join the industry.

8. – Equal contribution of capital No salary to partners P & L sharing ratio is equal Every partner has a right to take part in the running No interest on capital No interest to be charged on drawings Excess of capital by partners should be treated as a loan to the business. No partner should carry out a competing business.

9. – Increase in consumer’s income Fashionable to have a personal car. Favourable government policy such as a decrease in taxes on imported vehicles A future expectation of an increase in prices of personal vehicles or expectation of a ban on their

importation. Fair distribution of incomes Favourable terms of sale for buying personal cars Peer influence

10. – Purchases JournalCash receipts journalPurchases Returns Journal/Return Outwards JournalSales returns Journal/Returns Inwards Journal

11. - Goods and services are of low quality and quantityEncourages individualismLeads to low standards of livingUse of simple methods of productionTime wastage moving from one job to another

2 of 5Does not encourage invention and innovation

12. – Photocopier/printerPaper shredderFranking machineGuillotine

13. – Health of the personAge of the person/value of property in questionFrequency of the occurrence of risksExtent of the previous lossesValue of the property insuredOccupation of the insuredResidence of the insuredPeriod to be covered by the policy

14. – Different currenciesDifferent goods and servicesDisparity in distribution of incomeDifferent needs and tastes

15. – Language barrierPoor listeningNegative attitudePoor timingWrong mediumPrejudgementEmotional responsesUnclear systems within an organizationNoiseUnfamiliar non-verbal signals.

16. – Distribution of incomesSocial and political factorsCitizens level of real incomesHonesty and efficiency of tax authoritiesEconomic structure of the country

17. i) High dependency ratioii) Low incomesiii) Low savingiv)Low investments

3 of 518. Emanyanga Traders Cash BookDate Details F Cash Bank Date Details F Cash Bank2016 Shs. 2016 Shs. Shs.

July 1July 4July 21

Bal b/dDebtorsBank

Bal b/d

‘C’

6,000

16,000

22,00020,800

80,000

80,00080,000

July 1July 16July 21July 21

Bal b/dTelephoneCashBal b/d

‘C’

1,200

20,80022,000

2,000

16,00062,00080,000

19. – Potential demand for goods/servicesSources of raw materialSecurity of the areaLegal requirements/government policySource of labourExisting infrastructureAuxiliary servicesPossible returns on investmentAvailability of room for expansionSocial – cultural environment

20. Outline challenges – traffic jamWaste of timeWaste of fuelIncrease of pollutionIncrease in crimeHigh stress levels

21. DR CRi) Delivery van Super Motors Ltd.ii) Cash - Bankiii) Nyamu Cash – v) Bank NBC Loan

22. Cost of goods sold

i) Opening stock + purchases – closing stock 40,000 + 200,000 - 30,000 = 210,000

ii) Percentage on GP to net sales

Net sales = sales – sales returns295000 = 300,000 – 5000

GP = Net sales – COGS85000 =- 295000 – 210000

85000 x 100 = 28.8% 295000

23. i) Product advertising

ii) Competitive/persuasive advertising4 of 5

iii) informativeiv) Institutional

24. Compensation = Sum insured x lossActual value

= 1,200,000 x 2,000,000 2,000,000

= 1,200,000 4mks

25. Negative effects of unemployment

Increased social evilsIncreased dependency ratioReduced savings/investmentLow living standardsIncreased corruption 5mks

5 of 5BUSINESS STUDIES565/2FORM IV 2 HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4

BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 2

MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Roles of an office as a center of communication Receiving information from various sources e.g. letters, calls, emails e.t.c. Sorting information for easy dispatch to right people Disseminating information to the right people for action Sending information to various people for action. Storing information for future reference Gathering information required in decision making

(Naming I mk, otherwise 2mks)2 x5 =10mks

b) Discuss five ways of dealing with public debt Repudiation/refusal to pay if the country is completely anable to meet the obligation Borrow to pay in order not to expose inability to pay Negotiate for extension of credit period so that the installments are more affordable to the

country Payment in kind so that the country does not directly part with money to pay debt ie lender

generates income to pay his own debt. Pay as scheduled until the debt is cleared/as a sign of goodwill Plea for pardon so that the debt is written off/ burden of paying the debt is over


2. a) Discuss five business considerations made by an entrepreneur when evaluating a business opportunity Profitability of business whether it is worth the capital to be invested. Capital requirement and whether he can afford to raise it or not. Level of competition whether he can coup or not. Government policy whether it is in line with the existing policies to avoid conflict. Labour requirement whether he can get enough workers with the required skills or not. Location of business whether he will be able to get a suitable location or not


2. b) Five causes of balance of payment deficit Fall in volume of export hence reducing export earning Increase in volume of import hence raising expenditure on import

1 of 4 Over valuation of domestic currency making exports expensive lowers demand Devaluation of currency by a trading partner making imports cheaper hence increase total

volume of import. Less capital flow compared to outflow. Trade restrictions by trading partners thus reducing market for exports/export earnings Deteriorating terms of trade hence reduces export earnings/increase expenditure on imports.


3. a) Circumstances in which human porterage is appropriate as a means of transport Where the distance to be covered is short hence not too tedious Where the person wishes to exercise for good physical fitness Where other means of transport are not available hence the person has no choice but to walk. Where there is need to save on transport cost in order to use the money in other ways/as it is

free/as it is cheap. In case a person has no money to pay for transport hence he has no choice but to walk. If the weather is friendly e.g. its not raining hence no hardships are encountered If the route is safe hence no fear of attack e.g. by thugs or animals. Where the other means of transport do not after door to door services hence walking

completes the journey.(Naming I mk, otherwise 2mks)2 x5 =10mks

3. b) Two Column Cash Book

Dr CrDate Details F Cash Bank Date Details F Cash Bank2012

Jan 1

Jan 3

Jan 6

Jan 7

Jan 8

Capital

Cash

Debtors

Sales

Balance b/d

50,000

40,000

90,000

60,000

30,000

10,000

40,000

20,000

2012

Jan 3

Jan 4

Jan 8

Bank

purchase

Balance c/d

30,000

60,000

90,000

20,000

20,000

40,000

( ½ x 20 = 10mks)

2 of 44. a) Moto Enterprises

Trading and profit and loss A/CFor the Year ended 31 Dec 2016

Opening stock 60,000 Sales 1,700,000

Add: Purchase 740,000 Less return inwards 15,000

Add: Carriage inwards 60,000 Net sales 1,685.000

800,000

Less: Return Outwards 18,000 Net Purchase 782,000

GAFS 842,000

Less: Closing stock 54,000

COGS 788,000

Gross profit c/d 897,000

1,685,000 1,685,000

Rent and rates 20,000 Gross profit b/d 897,000

Advertising 42,000 Discount received 10,000

Water & Lighting 28,000

Salaries 56,000

Commission paid 13,000

Total expenses 159,000√

Net profit c/d 748,000√

907,000 907,000

20 x ½ = 10mks

4. b) i) Using a well labeled diagram illustrate the price and output determination in an oligopoly

market structure.

ii) Account for price rigidity in this market

8mks

3 of 4

Setting price above equilibrium price will result to loss of customers as they buy from other firmsLowering price below PO will attract similar reaction from other firms so there is little or no gain on sales. (4 x ½ =2mks)

5. a) Reasons for raising finances through issues of ordinary shares instead of debentures

i) Debenture are units of loans which must be paid by a public company unlike ordinary shares which is a unit of capital only payable at liquidation.

ii) Raising money through shares requires no security while debentures may require a security.iii) Security finance through debentures is more expensive than through ordinary shares.iv) Debentures reduce the borrowing power of a company while shares enhance.v) Failure to pay debentures rates lead to a company being declared bankrupt unlike payment

of share dividends.b) Differences between Central bank and Commercial bank Central Bank Commercial Banki) Banker to the government/commercial banksii) Issue currency/print/mint moneyiii) Set up by an act of parliamentiv)Manages the country’s foreign exchange

reserves.v) Financial/economic advisor to the governmentvi)Credit control/regulates amount of money in

the circulation economy.

i) Bank to individuals/other businessesii) Circulate currency/do not print/mint money.iii) Set up under the companies act.iv) Only allowed to buy/selling foreign exchange

on behalf of the central bank.v) Provide financial advice to individual/other

business.vi) Do not control credit/only act on directors by

central bank on credit control.

6 a) Problems that a country could face during implementation of development plans- Over reliance on donor funding which if not released on time makes it difficult for project to

take off.- Inadequate domestic resources – e.g. skilled personnel and finances.- Failure by locals to support implementation especially if they were not involved during plan

formulation.- Occurrence of natural calamities e.g. disease outbreak, drought, flood leading to diversion of

funds for projects- Lack of co-operation among the executing parties causing delay - Some plans are over ambitious and are meant to please the donors and thus difficult to

implement.- Inflation/increased costs of financing project requiring more funds to be raised/allocated

b) Circumstances under which an insurer may refuse to insure an applicanti) When the risk applied for is non-insurable – for example it being not for a legal purpose e.g.

one cannot insure activities prohibited by the government.ii) When the applicant follows the wrong procedure for applying for policy like incomplete

filling of the proposal form.\iii) When the applicant lacks contractual capacity like being below eighteen years, insane.iv) When the applicant gives false information thereby going against the principle of utmost good

faith.v) When the property does not belong to the applicant – because can only insure his/her own

property. (Naming 1mk otherwise 2mks)4 of 4

GEOGRAPHY312/1FORM IV 2 ¾ HOURS

JULY/AUGUST


FORM 4GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1

MARKING SCHEME1. a) Substances that make up part Y

- Gases- Dust- Smoke- Water vapour/moisture- Pollen grains- Salt particles (any 2 x 1=2mks)

b) Three characteristics of the inner core.- Made up of solid rocks- Have one dominant mineral iron- Has an average density of about 16-17 g/c .c- Has radius of about 1375km- Experiences high temperature of about 5000 – 55000c

2. a) Different between magma and lava – Magma is molten rock under the earth crust which cools and solidifies in crust while lava is the molten materials that have reached the surface of the earth.

b) Characteristics of composite volcano (3mks)- Some crater/volcanic plug at the top.- Has alternating layers/stratus of ash and lava- Has vertical vent.- Has parasitic cones (any 3x1=3mks)- Has side vent- Steep sides/ is conical

3. a) J – Blow holeK – CareL – Cliff

b) - Coral features are tourist attractions earning the country foreign exchange.- Coral reefs are breeding grounds for fish thus encouraging fishing.

1 of 8- Some coral rocks are curved and sold as ornaments and soveniours - Coral rocks provide limestone which is used in manufacturing of cement. (2x1 =2mks)

4. – Nature and weight of rock materials, different rock materials move due to their nature.- Amount of water in the rock materials.- Gradient of slope, movement is faster in steep slopes.

- Climatic conditions; Heavy rainfall facilitates movement or materials (4x1=4mks)- Absence of vegetation cover.

5. a) – Surface rock and the rock below should be hard and well joined.- Climate should be hot to speed chemical weathering and humid for availability of rain which is

solvent.- Water table to be far below the surface so that the whole limestone rock is not dissolved and

underground feature fail to be form (3x1=3mks)- Surface rock should be calcareous (limestone, Diatomite or chalk)

b) – Grike and clints- Sink holes- Dry valley- Limestone gorge- Karst bridge- Dolines/Uvalas/Poljes (3x1=3mks)-

SECTION B

6. a) i) - Cattle dip- All weather road loose surface (2mks)

ii) 0052’ (1mk)

iii) Latitude – 0035’SLongitude – 35075’E (2mks)

b) (i) South Nyanza district Kisii district (2mks)

ii) Presence of natural forest and vegetationPresence of many permanent rivers (2mks)

d) i) 8.1km (2mks)ii) Brick making – brick works (3mks)

Transportation – presence of roadsTrade – market/shopsAgriculture; livestock farming, cotton, sugar, forestry, Kodere forest.

iii) 4752 ft (2mks)

e) – Many settlements on the gentle slopes e.g. southern and south East part of the map – due to easy erection of houses and practicing agriculture.

2 of 8- Many settlements along the roads e.g road passing along the Kamgambo to Gesonso due to easy

access to other places/transporting goods and services.

- Dense settlement along/near rivers e.g. R. Riana due to access of water for domestic use- Forest areas have no settlements e.g. Kodere forest because forests are gazette and human

settlement prohibited.- Dense settlement near trading centres e.g. Suneka due to easy access of goods required/provide

opportunities for employment. (6mks)

7 a) Altitude (4mks)- Lowlands are warmer than highlands since the air becomes thinner.- Pressure decreases with increase in altitude hence thinner column of air- Mountain and valley landscape causes Katabatic and Anabatic winds. (any 2x2=4mks)

3 of 8Aspects:- Outside the tropics the North facing slopes are always warmer in the southern hemisphere as they

receive direct solar insolation.

- Windward slopes high relief rainfall due to moisture laden winds. White the leeward slopes are dry since they are blocked by the mount/barriers. (any 2x1=2mks)

b) Formation of Relief rainfall- A water body is heated causing evaporation of water- Warm, moist air from the sea comes across a mountain barrier and is forced to rise - Forced ascent, causes the air to expand, then cools. The moisture in it condenses giving rise to

clouds that yield rainfall on the windward side of the mountainNB: Last bit: windward side must be mentioned for maximum score. Text = 4, Diagram max. 2mks

(6mks)

c) i) Climax vegetation - Vegetation that is well established and reaches a state of equilibrium with the existing environmental conditions (2mks)

ii) Characteristics of coniferous forest- Trees are mainly softwoods- Evergreen foliage - Occurs in pure stands\- Thin and poor undergrowth due to frozen soils- Tall trees- Trees have straight trucks- The leaves are needle shaped- They are conical shaped (5mks)

d) i) – Pastures for animals- Bee keeping- Sources of firewood- Some shrubs are used for medicinal purposes- Some trees are used as poles and timber for construction. (4mks)

ii) Amazon- Congo forest areas- Along the West African Coasts

8. a) i) A water fall is a place on a river course where a river bed is vertical or nearly vertical (2mks)ii) – It’s a tourist attraction

- It can be harneseed to generate electricity.- It hinders water transport along some river courses (2 x 1=2mks)

4 of 8iii) – Dentritic drainage system

- Radial drainage system (2x1=2mks)

b) Hydraulic action- Erosion by the force of river when it thrust itself into cracks and joints of rocks on the side of

the channel dislodging rock particles.- By pushing air into the cracks, compressing it increasing pressure which widens the cracks.

When water retreats, air in cracks expands as pressure decreases. Repeated compression and expansion of air causes rocks to break. The broken particles are carried downstream (2x2=4mks)

Solution- River water dissolve soluble rock minerals along the river channel. Dissolved minerals are

transported in solution form dowmstream. (2x1=2mks)c) i) Characteristics of flood plains

- broad and flat or level landscape- made of thick alluvial deposits- some have ox-bow or raised banks.- Presence of natural levees or raised banks- Deferred tributaries/confluences- Presences of meanders- Braided channel- Presence of swamps or marshes (4 x 1=4mks)

ii) Factors that favours the formation of deltas- Large load such as from large catchment area where erosion is taking place actively. - The river course to be free from obstacles.- Low speed at the point where the river is entering a sea.- The rate of deposition should be higher than the rate of erosion by sea or lake current. (3mks)

iii) Formation of arcuate delta- Formed when coarse and fine sediments are deposited at the mouth of a river.- The strong sea waves push the sediments giving a delta a convex shore line.- Deposition at the mouth causes the river to subdivide into distributaries e.g. The distributaries

subdivide too thus many distributaries River Niger, River Tana (4mks)d) Negative effects of rivers

- Rivers flood causing loss of life and property.- Stagnant water can be a medium of breeding of pests that transmit diseases such as bilhazia and

malaria- Some wide rivers are barriers to transport and communication. (2x1=2mks)

9. a) i) – Sandy/erg/Koum- stony desert/reg/siriv- rocky deserts/Hamada (2mks)

ii) – Increased temperatures and excessive evaporation- Prolonged drought/no rainfall/little rainfall- Existence of cold ocean currents on path of rain-bearing wind- Rain shadow effects of high mountains- Continentality /remoteness/distance from the sea

5 of 8- Human activities e.g desertification/overstocking- Anticyclones/ descending/diverging winds (3 x1=3mks)

b) Suspension- Fine dust particles are lifted clear off the ground- Eventually they are blown away by wind currents and transported for long distances.

Saltation- Large fragments/sand particles are lifted from the ground by eddy currents- They are moved in a series of hop sand jumps within the wind current.

Surface creep- Heavy materials/small stones/pebble are dragged along the ground by wind currents for short

distance. (any 2x2=4mks)

c) i)

- Surface layers of hard rock with joints under laid by a layer of soft rocks weathering opens up the joints

- Wind abrasion and deflaction attacks/deepens the joints to form furrows into the soft rocks- This leads to a ridge and furrow landscape- The ridges are the zeugens (Text 3mks, Diagrams 2 mks= 5mks)

6 of 8

Text 3 Diagram 2mks- A rock outcrops made of alternating horizontal hard and soft layers lies in the path of prevail winds.- Wind abrasion attacks the rock outcrops. The soft rock layers are eroded faster than hard layer- Wind abrasion protrude is greatest near the ground level.- This leads to an irregular shaped rock called rock pedestal (5mks)

d) ii) – Inselberg- Mesas and buttes- Gorges- Wadis- Rills/Gullies (3mks)

iii) – Taking photographs- Writing notes- Drawing sketches of features- Labeling samples (3mks)

10(a) An ice cap is a small permanent mass of ice covering a limited area of a mountain top while an iceberg is a large floating mass of ice/partially submerged in water. (3mks)

b) i) Features labeledD – Truncated spurE – Ribbon/finger lakeF – Glacial trough/U-shaped valley (3mks)

ii) Conditions for glacial deposition\- Gradient/slope – the are has gentle slopes which allows slow movement of ice enabling

deposition.- Rise in temperatures/high temperatures lead to melting of ice which reduces energy to transport

thus depositing some of the load carried.- Amount of glacier – larger amount of glacier exerts a lot of pressure at its base causing it to

melt thus deposition.- Friction between the moving ice and the surface leading to the deposition of heavy materials

beneath the ice mass.

c) Positive effects of glaciation in lowlands- Glacial till provides fertile soils for arable farming.- Ice sheets in their scouring effect reduce the land surface and depth to expose mineral seams

which become easy to extract.- Outwash plains are sources of building and construction materials. (any 2x2mks)

7 of 8

- Glaciated features are tourist attractions earning foreign exchange for the country.- There is formation of lakes which are used for various economic uses such as fishing, transport

e.t.c. (8mks)

d) i) Reasons for groups- It will save on time- It ensures detailed study- It ensures all students participate in study- Enhances interaction among students (3x1=3mks)

ii) Types of moraines - Terminal- Medial- Lateral- Ground (any 2x1=2mks)

iii) Reasons- Inadequate time for study- Inaccessibility of some areas/steep slopes- Low temperatures- Change in weather e.g. rain- Dense forest- Wild animal attack. (3mks)

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