Prefixes/Roots List Period 2 Group 1 06 May 2010 Katharine Schultz Ante – : meaning: before, earlier, in front of sample words: antebellum, antecedent, anterior, anteroom, antedate 1. He lived before the Civil War during the antebellum period. 2. We saw many antebellum homes when we were driving through Alabama. 3. He has many antecedents and ancestors who emigrated from Ireland. 4. Thinking carefully before doing should be the antecedent of an action. 5. Her neck is anterior to her feet. 6. There were many events that were anterior to the start of the war. 7. There is an anteroom next to the dining room where many of the guests wait before being seated for dinner. 8. We were ushered by the maid into an anteroom before we were greeted by the master of the house. 9. The floods antedated everyone’s departure from the city. 10. The party antedated the sleepover. Ant – : meaning: against sample words: antacid, antagonist, antonym, Antarctic, anteater 1. She should take an antacid to help her heartburn problems. 2. They should be able to get an over the counter antacid at the local drugstore. 3. He was an antagonist who struggled against the evils of slavery. 4. Bob Ewell was an antagonist in To Kill a Mockingbird. 5. The word ‘reserved’ is an antonym of the word ‘sociable’. 6. Learn the antonyms and synonyms for the vocabulary test. 7. Nearly all of Antarctica is covered by icecaps. 8. The region of Antarctica was first explored in the early 1800’s. 9. A group of children were excited by the anteater that they saw at the zoo.
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1. In drama class I had to perform a duologue with this nerdy boy that has
a crush on me.
2. A duologue is a conversation between two people usually in a drama or
play.
iv. Duodecimal
1. At the library I go to they use the duodecimal system to arrange the
books.
2. The duodecimal system revolves around the number twelve.
v. Duodenal
1. My doctor told me that I have a cist the size of a baseball in the
duodenal region of my intestines.
2. Ulcers occurring in the duodenal region of your intestines sometimes
blossom from having bulimia at a young age.
11. Cor- a. Definition: with, together b. Samples:
i. Correspond 1. The teacher and the student corresponded when discussing the
student’s classes for next year. 2. We corresponded by email and phone for many years when he moved
to Europe. ii. Corrupt
1. A corrupt government in many developing countries causes them to be a failed state.
2. Even though he may be morally and mentally corrupt he would never harm the well being of others.
iii. Corroborate 1. She wanted to corroborate that her exam properly corrected as this
was her ticket to passing the class. 2. The accusations on the accused were not corroborated by and
evidence. iv. Corpus
1. An animal corpus was found and seemed to belong to an unidentified animal species.
2. According to a source she was defending habeas corpus and supporting the campaign.
v. Correct 1. The paper was corrected very carefully by the teacher. 2. She wanted to correct her mistakes and have a fresh start.
12. Counter- a. Definition: against, opposite b. Samples:
i. Counterclockwise 1. The coach told us to run counterclockwise in order not to crash into
each other.
2. Ocean currents travel in a counterclockwise direction in the southern portion of the Indian Ocean.
ii. Counterargument 1. The comparison was so strong that a counterargument could not be
found. 2. The counterargument caused to group to talk about an entirely
different subject. iii. Counteract
1. Her hard work and honesty counteracted the punishment her gave. 2. Your weak points and argument with little information can be easily
counteracted. iv. Counterattack
1. The counterattack of the army against the other side was so strong it caught the enemy by surprise.
2. The counterattack of the opponent caused the other competitor to be defeated.
v. Encounter 1. I encountered a high school friend that I haven’t seen in 20 years. 2. On the battlefield the soldiers were encountered with men twice their
size and weapons far greater than their own. 13. Cru-
a. Definition: bloody, raw, to grow b. Samples:
i. Crude 1. The crude girl hardly tried on her projects and failed to completely finish
many of them. 2. Your ideas will seem very crude to someone other than yourself.
ii. Cruel 1. Many years ago Americans treated African Americans with cruelty by
forcing them to become slaves. 2. Life will cause hardships and can sometimes be cruel to even the
innocent people. iii. Accrue
1. Interest on debt will accrue overtime if it is not paid within the deadline. 2. Empty water bottles can accrue at your house if they are not recycled.
iv. Crusade 1. The famous crusades were fought by the Christians and Muslims to gain
the holy land. 2. People joined the crusades mostly for religious reasons.
v. Crucify 1. A crucified person can suffer a painful death and take as long as 5 days
to die. 2. Christ was crucified on the cross on Good Friday.
14. Cumbr- a. Definition: hindrance b. Samples:
i. Cumbersome 1. The model of a plane was very cumbersome to put together.
2. It is very cumbersome to move furniture from house to house after moving.
ii. Encumbrance 1. The child was an encumbrance to its mother that the mother barely
went outside. 2. Giving the teacher homework late causes an encumbrance toward his
grading techniques. iii. Cucumber
1. A cucumber is a vegetable that is a burden to eat. 2. Cucumbers are very healthy and should be included in your diet.
iv. Cumbrous 1. The young child acted cumbrously at the doctor’s office. 2. Whenever someone is in a bad mood they are a cumbrous to everyone
around them. v. Cumberer
1. The teacher became a cumberer to everyone in the class when she told them the essay was due the next day.
2. The deer crossing the road became cumberers to my mother who was in a hurry to go to an appointment.
15. Crac (Crat)- a. Definition: ruler, power b. Samples:
i. Democracy 1. The United States government is run by a democracy. 2. Democracy needs to be strengthened and its weaknesses diminished.
ii. Plutocracy 1. In many countries plutocracy causes the citizens of the country to live
poorly and undeveloped. 2. Plutocracy can cause many disputes over human rights and an equal
voice. iii. Theocracy
1. In the time of the Iliad and Odyssey it was a theocracy because the people were held under the authority of the gods and goddesses.
2. Some religious groups claim that their land was given to them by God and God is ruling their land through theocracy.
iv. Bureaucracy 1. The bureaucracy of trade unions is the key to the British government. 2. 8. The amount of bureaucracy involved will be lowered under the
certain circumstances. v. Aristocrat
1. The aristocrat man well suited her high class personality. 2. Because of his title as an aristocrat she wanted to marry him for gain
and wealth. 16. Front
a. Definiton: face, forehead b. Samples:
i. frontier 1. In the Western frontier, the cowboys and Indians ran about.
2. The large diocese of Magdeburg was on the north-eastern frontier of the German empire.
ii. affront 1. Beyond that point it starts to become an affront to liberty. 2. But our sin is above all a personal affront to God.
iii. confront 1. We are working closely to confront the challenges of our time. 2. We’re determined to confront those threats at the source.
iv. confrontation 1. There was a vicious confrontation between the thief and the protective
bull dog. 2. There was a frightening confrontation between the ghostly man from
the ally and me. v. frontal
1. Within the cortex of the right frontal lobe there was found a lesson. 2. Also the right frontal sinus is larger than the left.
17. Funer death a. Definition: death rites b. Samples:
i. funeral 1. Everybody was mourning at the funeral, over there beloved friend’s
death. 2. But she’s coming from her grandmother’s funeral, and she has a few
other dark secrets. ii. funerary
1. The figure is believed to be the lid of a pagan funerary urn. 2. Sadly, it is far from clear what the standard funerary rite was for Britain
at this time. iii. funereal
1. The film moves at a funereal pace but is never boring. 2. The other was the funereal gloom of one of the staff.
iv. funebrial 1. I had a nice time at the funebrial. 2. Many people will be showing up at the funebrail.
v. funeration 1. The funeration ceremony was very long and sad. 2. The funeration is the most important part of the funeral.
18. Gamb a. Definition: leg b. Samples:
i. gambol 1. The lambs would gambol in the field every morning. 2. And standing besides us, looking down like a mother watching the
gambols of her first born. ii. gambit
1. The winning chess player executed a clever gambit against his opponent.
2. You can’t use the same conversational gambits, somehow.
iii. gambado 1. I gently placed my foot into the stirrup which was connected to the
gambado. 2. While I was riding my horse the gambado snapped and I was flung off
my horse. iv. gamble
1. The move was a calculated gamble to fend off litigation. 2. Brett takes the biggest gamble of his life.
v. gamut 1. Your name must run the full gamut on the list to produce the end
results. 2. The film contains footage of the whole gamut of Royal Navy ships of the
time. 19. Gem
i. Definition: bud ii. Samples:
1. gemma 2. The gemma of living cells were released and spread around the body. 3. There was a huge lump on my hip and I think it was a gemma.
iii. gemstones 1. The gemstones filled the bag that the thief stole. 2. We also sell gemstones set in 925 sterling silver.
iv. gemology 1. In gemology, scientists study gems and gemstones. 2. In class today we learned about gemology.
v. gemini 1. The chart given by gemini sungirl is October 6, 1958 at 6:30 pm. 2. I looked up into the sky on a dark starry night and I could easily see the
constellation Gimini. vi. gems
1. The gems shone brightly in the display case. 2. A thief tried to steel the precious gems.
20. Genu a. Definition: knee b. Samples:
i. genicular 1. While I play soccer in the cold my genicular starts to hurt. 2. When I start to sprint my genuicular gives me severe pain.
ii. genuflected 1. I genuflected when I entered the holy church. 2. When I entered the church, the floor was covered in people
genuflecting. iii. geniculate
1. Most cells were form the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. 2. If the lateral geniculate body has this poor capacity it easily becomes
overloaded and may then supress visual messages. iv. genuine
1. Does it possibly hurt you at all when critics suggest that your relationship with Tom is not completely genuine?
2. The cheese trolley was presented with panache and genuine enthusiasm.
v. genus 1. Having said that, many genus names are just, well, names. 2. It is the most closely related genus containing C 4 species to
Arabidopsis. 21. FAT-
a. Definition: Doom, to speak
b. Samples:
i. Fate
1. It was her fate that she would marry prince charming.
2. Andrew and Alyssa are fate.
ii. fatal
1. The disease is fatal.
2. The turtle falling on the head of the priest turned out to be fatal.
iii. fatalities
1. The fatalities were heavy in World War Two.
2. Drug trials in the US recorded that the drug had caused fatalities in
patients taking the drug.
iv. prefatory
1. No sooner had I arrived than she went to business without any
prefatory remarks.
2. The prefatory essay by the editors William Baker and J.H. Alexander is a
great intro to the novel.
v. fated
1. The potentially happy beach trip turned ill fated when Kristen forgot to
bring a bathing suit.
vi. However she has found her own path in life, one which might have seemed
fated from the beginning.
22. FESS-
a. Definition: To admit, utter
b. Samples:
i. confess
1. I confess to throwing the baseball through the neighbor’s window.
2. People confess to their crimes in trial usually.
ii. confessional
1. The confessional helps us clear our conscious.
2. How many times I felt embarrassed to enter the confessional and admit
that I had said bad words and hit brother.
iii. professor
1. The professor gave us 200 points of extra credit which could raise our
grade 10%.
2. My older friends who are in college say that the professors there don’t
take any excuses.
iv. confessedly
1. I confessedly poured my heart out to the interrogator.
2. My little brother babbled confessedly after breaking the dish.
v. confessant
1. I turn into a confessant when I’m accused of something.
2. Many people become confessants when they go to rehab.
23. FAMIL-
a. Definition: servant
b. Samples:
i. family
1. The family next us in line must be from a Spanish speaking country we
decided because of their beautiful fluency.
2. As we looked down through the thick exhibit glass we saw a small
family of polar bears.
ii. familiar
1. I’m very familiar with horses and how to train them because I have
grown up on a ranch half of my life.
2. My new youth pastor looked familiar, I think I might have seen him at
my las track meet.
iii. materfamilias
1. The materfamilias of the Cherokee tribes name was Quick Arrow.
2. All of the matresfamilias in the native American tribes are strong
hardworking women that are usually married or “with” the chief.
iv. paterfamilias
1. The paterfamilias in my family is my brother because my father left us 2
years ago so my brother has stepped up.
2. Patersfamilias are usually the father of the house hold, this however is
not always the case it could be the son, cousin, or uncle.
v. unfamiliar
1. I’m unfamiliar with the kingdom of Protista.
2. Children who are home schooled or don’t attend school find classrooms
very unfamiliar.
24. FERR-
a. Definitoin: iron
b. Samples:
i. ferry
1. We crossed onto Balboa Island by use of the ferry.
2. I wish there was a short ferry ride from San Francisco to Alcatraz.
ii. ferret
1. I have always wanted to learn how to train my ferret so I can go on the
TV show called Animal Stars.
2. Ferrets are very ugly little weasel like animals.
2. A safer alternative appears to be to use common, less caustic, ferric
chloride solution as sold for etching circuit boards.
25. FAST-
a. Definition: firm, fixed
b. Samples:
i. fasten
1. Fasten your seat belts for safety.
2. My grandpa always likes to tell my brother to fasten a belt around his
waist so his pants don’t fall down.
ii. breakfast
1. It has been studied that breakfast is the most important meal of the
day.
2. For breakfast I had two pieces of toast, waffles, jelly, yogurt, cereal,
juice, pancakes, and fruit.
iii. steadfast
1. I mean his steadfast courage, his calm continual self-control.
2. The Lord grant that we may be steadfast in the faith.
iv. fastidious
1. The British Library copy shows signs of a rather fastidious reader.
2. I'm normally very fastidious about citing my sources on this blog.
v. Holdfast
1. The rocks between the kelp holdfasts can be a blaze of color.
2. It can reach 50m long and have a holdfast (the bit it sticks to the rocks
with) 1m in diameter.
Kevin Thai Kevin Cunningham Jimmy Kang Angelo Tanglao Zachary Nguyen Cheska Urfano page 19 Hymn: song of praise Hymnody, hymnology, polyhymnia, hymn, hymnist -ic: the study of Genetics, genomics, arithmetic, economics, statistics ig- not, opposite ignore, ignoramus, ignorant, ignoble, ignominy il- not, opposite illegal, illiterate, illegible, illegitimate, illogical intro- within, inside on the outside introduce, introvert, introspective, introduction, introject In ancient times, people would create hymnodies to describe and tell everyone stories and tales. Hymnodies were written and thought of mostly in ancient Greek culture to tell tales about certain gods. My grandfather is greatly immersed in hymnology and has traveled around the world studying songs and odes in honor of great people. Many people are devoted to the study of hymns or hymnology in which they spend their lives traveling the world. Polyhymnia is one of the 9 Muse in Greek mythology who is the patron of dancing or geometry. In Greek mythology, Polyhymnia, was said to be the great mother of the first priest of Demeter, Triptolemus. I have heard lovely hymns which helped me understand the hardships of various warriors. Although the hymns were very serene and calming, I couldn’t help from thinking about the death of my father. Hymnists are very rhythmic and fluid people, who love the melodies of songs and odes from ancient times.
All around the world there are devoted hymnists who study the art and structure of hyms. The study of genetics was unknowingly founded by a man named Gregor Mendel. In many biology classes, students take a large unit test on genetics and the science behind it. There are many people who are learning the basics of genomics and others who have had so much experience already and are sequencing the human genome. The study of the genome or genomics plays a great role on human life, for it helps us learn more about the compilation of DNA. Even though no one truly loves arithmetic, it is essential that we have basic math skills in order to be able to apply for jobs and being able to apply those skills to everyday things. Problem solving and arithmetic is very hard to understand a ripe age, that is why they start the basics once you start school. Many students take a class in economics or business skills as to prepare themselves for future job opportunities. With out economics, business men and the stock market would be lost in a mess of indecisiveness and chaos. In the collection of country’s data, people use statistics to compare and contrast to see which country has a better infrastructure. We use statistics in our daily lives and will always need a basic understanding of it to get by in our adult lives. It is rude to ignore people who are talking to you in a serious manner. Ignoring people is one of the rudest things to do because it is very unmannered. People who are very uneducated and say foolish remarks are considers ignoramuses. Ignoramuses are usually very cocky and believe they can fulfill their work without learning things. Many teenagers say they are adults, which is very ignorant of them to think so because are very incapable of doing adult duties. It is ignorant of a lot of people to think that they can always get what they want, when they want. Many of the times, people are very smart but think ignobly because they think they cannot reach high expectations so they work to the bare minimum. There are so many smart people but they are always inclined to think ignobly because they are lazy. In certain tribes, they would kill and torture those who have been a burden and have committed many ignominies.
I truly respect my family and would never feel obligated to perform any arbitrary ignominies. To murder, steal, or break any law is illegal and there are many consequences attached to these crimes. In a lot of states there are many laws that are unreasonable and make it illegal to do certain things. In many poor countries, children are illiterate and can never go to school or obtain a good paying job. Even though some one is old, they may still be illiterate because they never went to school. Many people even at an adult age, especially boys, have illegible handwriting, which causes a lot of misreading and accidents. Having illegible handwriting is a huge habit that should be broken to prevent any accidents to happen in the future. Couples who do not document their marriage are considered an illegitimate couple. Never signing papers to note that you have agreed to something is an illegitimate agreement. When children read fairytales, they think of illogical things and begin to believe their live can become a fairytale. It is illogical for some lovers to think that their relationships will last forever. Introducing people who have not met yet is the polite thing to because you don’t want to have any awkward feelings in a party. Usually the teach will start with introducing the material before we do homework. In a class you can tell which people are introverts by the way the stand by themselves shyly in a corner. As a child, she used to be very timid and an introvert, but once she started dancing she became more outgoing. Sherlock Holmes introspective conclusion as he interviewed a suspicious, stout, man. Some people who give introspective glances may look like they are giving you a glare. Introduction to new material is nice to have in order to have a solid background and good information. It is nice to have introductions at the beginning of the school year just to get to know people. A few psychiatrists introject biased ideas into their patients just to “heal” the patient a certain way.
Introjecting ideas into people can sometimes have a negative effect and cause them to be biased. Page 20 Lips: to leave Eclipse, ecliptic, ellipse, ellipsis, eclipser. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks the light from the sun. The solar eclipse is very fascinating but also very rare. Putting your hand in front of the light is ecliptic. An ecliptic can also be the circle shadow formed by the eclipse. There is an equation to find out if an ellipse is a circle or not. An ellipse is a fancy name for a curved line. An ellipsis is the omission from a sentence or other construction of one or more words that would complete or clarify the construction. An ellipsis can also be the omission of one or more items from a construction in order to avoid repeating the identical or equivalent items. An eclipser can be as simple as covering your eyes from a bright light. Eclipsers are anything that obscures light, so a shadow is also an eclipser. Liv: life Lively, alive, livestock, living, live The forest was very lively because of all the animals. The boy was lively because he got a new bike for his birthday. The homeless man felt alive and new after taking a shower. The women was alive because the man saved her from being hit by the car. The farmer’s livestock was getting sick from cow pox. The livestock were sold at the county fair for a good price. The man became a priest because he wanted to find the real experience of living. The stunt man was living life on the edge. The house that the family live in is getting to small, so they are looking for a bigger one. I live in Laguna Hills, California. Leo: lion Leonine, leopard, leopardess, leo, leotard
The man looked leonine with his beard and long hair. The way the little boy ate his food was almost leonine. The leopard now-a-days is an endangered species. The leopard raced across the plain and caught his pray. A leopardess is a female leopard. A leopardess and or leopard can be found in Africa or Southern Asia. Leo is the sign for people born at the end of July or first three weeks of August. The sign for the leo horoscope is a lion. A leotard is a one piece skin tight piece of clothing. Leotards are worn by dancers, gymnasts, and wrestlers. Page 22 Meta- over, beyond, after, later; change; fear; between Metabolism, metaphor, meteor, metalloid, met analysis Mis- bad, badly, wrong Misfortune, misspell, mischief, misanthrope, misbehavior Mon(o)- one, single, alone Monarchy, monologue, monotonous, monochord, monocle -mpt (-empt): leisure, rest, to take, obtain Empty, prompt, impromptu, attempts consumptions -morph: form, shape Morphine, metamorphosis, anthropomorphosis, anamorphic, bimorph If you have a fast metabolism it is hard for you to gain weight. It is hard to lose weight when you have a slow metabolism and carry around a lot of body fat. In many literary pieces, authors use many metaphors to describe and set scenes in their stories. Metaphors are a great way to describe objects and compare them to other unlike objects or events. The main plots of many science fiction movies usually contain a meteor hitting Earth. Many meteors head toward Earth, but the Earth’s atmosphere is thick enough for the meteor to break down slowly. Any substance that contains a metal combined with a non-metal is called a metalloid.
Metalloids can be quite expensive since they contain both metals and non-metals. There are many essentials studies for geologist and some of them will most likely take a class dealing with metallographic information. Scientist are very educated and have a lot of metallographic background that helps them with their experiences with different minerals. It is of great misfortune to be unable to use a calculator on an algebra test. What a misfortune it is to arrive 2 minutes after the train had already left. There is no reason to misspell simple words on a resume because it makes you seem like a tyro. It is all right to misspell words in a rough draft as long as you fix them later for the final draft. Little kids are always up to mischief because they are very curious and venture the world to find answers. Thieves and suspicious people are expected to be mischievous and create mischief around them. Groups like the K.K.K. have great misanthrope towards many different races and cultural groups such as the African American population. Some people are very anit-social and hold a large misanthrope towards certain people. The young girl was kicked out of the classroom for being obnoxious and misbehaving. Misbehaving is one of the usual actions a young boy does when he isn’t given what he wants. The queen of England is an example of monarchy because there is one great ruler and the population that follows her. A teacher and a classroom can be considered an act of monarchy because one person rules over the other. The monologue of a presentation the stout man gave was the most painful and torturous lecture I have ever had to listen to in my whole life. I hate it sometimes when I feel like I am talking to myself like an endless monologue. It is very hard to understand any material or information that is spoken in a boring and monotonous way. At times when I am bore, I speak to people in a monotonous voice just to anger them. Just to make things more uplifting and funny the young boy wore a long cape, a large top hat, and a monocle that had a large crack in its lens. English men were very fond of the monocle for it made them look intelligent. During the creation of the wedding cake, the groom decided to have both his and his
fiancé’s names into painted monograms on the sides of the cake. monograms usually consist of one or two letters or maybe even initials. Although he knew the classroom was empty, he refrained from talking to the ghost in fear someone will see him. He is one of those people who sees the glass as half empty instead of half full. Our concise teacher gave us a prompt that looked simple to do, but had a lot of brain work attached to it. The prompt that the teacher gave us was confusing, so the next day, all the students had questions. Putting things off until the last minute shows in the work and how impromptu it is. His speech was very impromptu and not well put together because he didn’t know he was going to give one. After many attempts, he finally passed his drivers test and celebrated for his succession. After many failed attempts, he finally answered the math question right. All around the world, the consumption of many resources is increased causing the amount left to wane and dwindle in quantity. Pirated DVD consumption is against the law in the U.S