Kate Walkshop updated - University of Strathclydeewds.strath.ac.uk/Portals/50/ias documents/Walking for Wellbeing/K… · success, achievement and most of all mastery . 17/06/2014

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+ Wellbeing icebreaker

n  Please write down a one sentence definition of wellbeing

n  Please get up and discuss the following with the person beside you:

a)  Your name

b)  Where you are from

c)  Your definition of wellbeing

n  Once you have done this, continue until you have met with at least 10 people

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What is Wellbeing? Dr. Kate Hefferon University of East London March 31st, 2014 Glasgow, Scotland

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+ Standing activity

n  In groups of 3:

n  What struck you the most about that exercise? n  What were the similarities/differences in how people defined

wellbeing? n  As a group, please come together with a new definition of wellbeing n  Please nominate a spokesperson to deliver your groups definition

+ Reality of Wellbeing

n  A very overused term to encompass a variety of definitions

n  No consensus on definition of “Wellbeing”

n  There are two major theoretical positions within wellbeing research:

“Wellbeing”

Hedonic Wellbeing

Eudaimonic Wellbeing

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+ Hedonic Wellbeing

Satisfaction with life

High positive affect

Low negative

affect

Subjective Wellbeing

(SWB)

§   Hedonic  concept  of  happiness  § Subjec;ve  Wellbeing  (SWB)  § Cogni&ve  and  Affec&ve  evalua;ons    

+ Eudaimonic Wellbeing

n  Not simply the experience of feeling good and being satisfied

n  Actualization of human potential

n  Encompasses concepts such as:

n  Meaning n  Purpose n  Authenticity n  Intrinsic motivation n  Congruent values n  Psychological Wellbeing (PWB)

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+ Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) (Ryff, 1989)

Psychological    Wellbeing  

Self  acceptance  

Autonomy    

Environmental    mastery  

Positive  relationships  

Purpose  in    life  

Personal    growth  

+Social Wellbeing: “Other people matter”

(Peterson, 2013) n  Relationships are one the biggest predictors of wellbeing, longevity and health (Deiner

& Seligman, 2002; Carr, 2011)

n  Social Wellbeing: “positive states associated with optimal functioning within one’s social network and community” (Carr, 2011, p. 39)

n  Functional Social Wellbeing (Keyes, 1998) includes: n  Social acceptance n  Social growth n  Social contribution n  Social coherence n  Social integration

n  Relationships are extremely important during stressful times and for resilience

n  People need to spend 6-7 hours per day in social settings to enhance or maintain wellbeing (Harter & Arora, 2008)

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Fig 1 Happiness clusters in the Framingham social network

n  Longitudinal social network analysis based on Framingham Heart Study

n  N= 4739 individuals followed from 1983 to 2003

n  The relationship between people’s happiness extends up to three degrees of separation (for example, to the friends of one’s friends’ friends)

n  Immediate:15% impact on your happiness; friends of friends 10% impact; and friends of those friends 5.6%

n  People who are surrounded by many happy people and those who are central in the network are more likely to become happy in the future

n  A friend who lives within a mile and who becomes happy increases the probability that a person is happy by 25%

n  Similar effects are seen in coresident spouses (8%) and siblings who live within a mile (14%) and next door neighbours (34%)

n  Effects were not seen between coworkers

n  People’s happiness depends on the happiness of others with whom they are connected= as a collective phenomenon

Dynamic Spread of Happiness

(Fowler & Christakis, 2008)

+ Wellbeing Theory (Seligman, 2011)

Positive emotions: Experiencing of joy, contentment, etc.

Engagement: Experience of flow and absorption

Relationships: Importance of “other people” and social engagement

Meaning: Sense of purpose and belonging as well as serving something higher than yourself

Accomplishment: Individuals who engage in the “achieving life” focusing on success, achievement and most of all mastery

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+•  Stand up and stretch for 30 seconds

+ Wellbeing within public policy

n  New wave of public policy attention to wellbeing

n  Examples include: n  Oxfam Humankind Index (Scotland) n  ONS National Wellbeing n  UN Happiness report n  GDP versus GNH (Bhutan)

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+ Oxfam Human Kind Index

10.  Having a secure source of money

11.  Access to arts, hobbies and leisure activities

12.  Having the facilities you need available locally

13.  Getting enough skills and education to live a

good life

14.  Being part of a community

15.  Having good transport to get to where you need

to go

16.  Being able to access high-quality services

17.  Human rights, freedom from discrimination;

acceptance and respect

18.  Feeling good

1.  Affordable, decent and safe home

2.  Physical and mental health

3.  Pleasant, safe green spaces/ easy access to

nature

4.  Satisfying work – or at least work that does not

make you ill

5.  Having good relationships with family and

friends

6.  Feeling that you and those you care about are safe

7.  Access to green and wild spaces; community

spaces and play areas

8.  Secure work and suitable work

9.  Having enough money to pay the bills and buy

what you need

“Reflection of prosperity not just in terms of the economy, but in terms of resilience, wellbeing and sustainability” (p. 25)

+ ONS National Wellbeing

Wellbeing Index: ONS

Personal Wellbeing Relationships Health What we do Where we live Personal

finance The economy Education and skills Governance

http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/Wellbeing/publications/index.html

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+

+Snapshot of Personal Wellbeing (Randall et al.,

2014)

n  77.0% were satisfied with their lives in the UK in 2012/13 (vs. 75.9% in 2011/12)

n  The factors most strongly associated with Personal Wellbeing are: n  self-reported health n  employment status n  relationship status

United Kingdom April 2011 to March 20121

April 2012 to March 20131

Percentage with medium or high rating2 of satisfaction with their lives overall 75.9 77.0 Percentage with medium or high rating2 of how worthwhile the things they do are 80.0 80.7 Percentage who rated2 their happiness yesterday as medium or high 71.1 71.6 Percentage who rated3 their how anxious they were yesterday as medium/low 60.1 61.5

Personal Wellbeing

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+ UN Happiness Report

n  2010-2012

n  156 countries

n  Wealth, health, freedom to make life choices, having someone when you need them, no corruption, generosity of fellow citizens

n  Denmark, Norway, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden (Britain= 22nd, USA 17th)

http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf

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+ Kingdom of Bhutan

n  Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan

n  1972 replaced Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with Gross National Happiness (GNH)

n  GNH encompasses nine domains: n  psychological wellbeing n  time use n  community vitality n  cultural diversity and resilience n  ecological diversity and resilience n  health n  education n  living standards n  good governance (Ura, 2008)

n  Gross National Happiness Commission informs policy decisions in the kingdom

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Reflecting on wellbeing

n  Please rise and walk to the opposite end of the room

n  In groups of 3’s, please discuss 3 ways in which this presentation has challenged your previous thinking about the definition of wellbeing

Standing activity

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+ Conclusions

n  Wellbeing is a notoriously difficult concept to define

n  Two main theoretical positions of wellbeing: Hedonic and Eudaimonic

n  Several factors that have been linked to wellbeing (physical, psychological, social, contextual)

n  Current policy documents and evaluations within the UK, and the world, include multi-areas of wellbeing

n  Important to consider these different definitions when we consider the links between walking and wellbeing