29-1 KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE Indian Minerals Yearbook 2015 (Part- III : Mineral Reviews) 54 th Edition KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE (ADVANCE RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected]Website: www.ibm.gov.in February, 2017
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29-1
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2015 (Part- III : Mineral Reviews)
Kaolin, also known as china clay, is a natural clay
formed by chemical weathering of aluminium
silicate minerals like felspars through a complex
sequence of events. It is relatively pure clay
predominantly consisting of kaolinite (Al2Si
2O
5(OH)
4),
associated with other clay minerals like dickite,
halloysite, nacrite and anauxite. Kaolin is commercially
valued for its whiteness and fine particle size which
distinguish it from other clays, such as, ball clay and
fireclay. Other physical characteristics that influence
commercial utility include brightness, glossiness,
abrasiveness and viscosity. It often contains small
amounts of impurities in the form of rock fragments,
hydrous oxides and colloidal materials. Kaolin is
produced and consumed in the country in crude &
processed forms. The major use of crude china clay is
in Cement Industry and of processed china clay is
Ceramic Industry. The insitu clay deposits in India are
often soft and easily extracted with no blasting required.
RESOURCESChina clay resources in the country as per
UNFC system as on 1.4.2010 have been placed at
2,705.21 million tonnes. The reserves constitute only
about 7% of the resources at 177.16 million tonnes. Out
of the total reserves, 70% (about 124 million tonnes)
reserves are under proved category whereas 30% (about
53 million tonnes) reserves fall under probable category.
The resources are spread over in a number of
states of which Kerala holds about 25%, followed
by West Bengal and Rajasthan (16% each) and
Odisha and Karnataka (10% each).
Out of total resources, about 22% or
607.78 million tonnes fall under ceramic/pottery
grade, 4% are classified under chemical, paper filler
and cement grades and about 73% or 1,980 million
tonnes resources fall under mixed grade, others,
unclassified & not-known categories. The details
of reserves/resources are given in Table- 1.
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENTDMG, Kerala carried out exploration for kaolin
in the districts of Kannur and Kollam,Kerala state.
The details of exploration carried out during
2014-15 are furnished in Table-2.
PRODUCTION, STOCKS &PRICES
The production of kaolin at 3861 thousand tonnes
in 2014-15 (up to January 2015) decreased by 20% as
compared to previous full year.
There were 135 reporting mines during 2014-15 as
against 160 mines in the previous year. Besides, the
production of kaolin was also reported as an associ-
ated mineral by five mines in the year 2014-15 and ten
mines in the previous year. Nine principal producers
accounted for about 69% of the total output of kaolin
in 2014-15. The private sector mines reported almost
the entire production of Kaolin. Nominal production
was reported by 5 public sector mines. The proportion
of natural and processed kaolin in 2014-15 was 98%
and 2% respectively.
During 2014-15, 52 mines including 2 associated
mines each producing more than 10,000 tonnes annu-
ally accounted for 96% of the total production of ka-
olin (natural) while 15 mines each in the annual produc-
tion range of 5,001 to10,000 tonnes accounted for about
3 % and the remaining production of kaolin (natural)
was shared by 58 mines including 3 associated mines
producing up to 5,000 tonnes annually.
Contribution of 5 kaolin mines producing more
than 5000 tonnes of kaolin (processed) was about 75%
and remaining 25% production of kaolin (processed)
was shared by 10 kaolin mines.
Gujarat was the leading producing state of kaolin
accounting for 64% of the total production in 2014-15
followed by Rajasthan (16%), Kerala (15%) and West
Bengal (2%). The remaining 3% was shared by Andhra
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Madhya Prades
(Tables - 3 to 7)
Mine-head closing stocks of kaolin for the year
2014-15 (up to January 2015) were 1,267 thousand
tonnes as against 1,210 thousand tonnes for the
previous year (Table - 8)
The average daily employment of labour during
2014-15 was 2787 as against 2939 in the preceding year.
Domestic prices of kaolin are furnished in the
General Review on 'Prices".
29-3
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Ta
ble
–1
: R
ese
rv
es/
Reso
urces
of
Ch
ina
Cla
y a
s o
n 1
.4.2
01
0
(By
Gra
des/
Sta
tes)
(In
'0
00
to
nn
es)
Rese
rves
Rem
ain
ing
re
sou
rces
To
tal
Pro
ved
Pro
bab
leT
ota
lF
easi
bil
ity
Pre
-feasi
bil
ity
Measu
red
Ind
icate
dIn
ferr
ed
Reco
nn
ais
san
ce
To
tal
reso
urc
es
ST
D1
11
(A)
ST
D2
11
ST
D3
31
ST
D3
32
ST
D3
33
ST
D3
34
(B)
(A+
B)
ST
D1
21
ST
D1
22
ST
D2
21
ST
D2
22
All
In
dia
: T
ota
l1
24
11
81
10
34
42
00
61
77
15
82
45
43
22
98
07
12
70
28
47
81
41
28
52
16
51
28
66
03
38
25
28
05
02
70
52
08
By
Gra
des
Ch
em
ical
--
--
-6
00
--
-3
39
45
-3
45
45
34
54
5
Cera
mic
/Po
ttery
48
02
82
94
81
95
64
70
54
05
95
71
08
37
34
69
51
00
84
62
12
83
33
78
34
25
78
85
37
24
06
07
78
0
Mix
ed G
rad
e7
92
65
25
13
30
97
81
25
61
78
42
72
58
84
60
71
99
35
51
83
73
22
39
84
23
37
65
Fil
ler
57
93
18
12
89
28
86
62
69
99
92
36
71
11
66
53
00
35
28
04
40
87
74
97
43
Cem
en
t1
42
75
43
24
29
81
21
58
01
21
13
21
46
37
73
01
28
62
56
54
09
11
15
93
27
39
Oth
ers
17
79
61
56
31
02
34
29
59
39
46
46
60
61
36
51
18
01
95
27
58
41
70
96
76
25
50
59
28
46
52
Un
cla
ssif
ied
22
92
45
06
18
01
25
23
13
88
81
16
13
82
08
50
68
33
83
06
44
12
89
10
99
90
13
52
21
No
t-k
no
wn
73
76
98
73
20
51
15
68
10
68
67
78
07
11
26
43
17
91
59
75
19
91
10
00
13
15
19
41
32
67
62
By
Sta
tes
An
dh
ra P
rad
esh
25
24
33
92
20
54
82
82
86
79
09
96
12
66
69
51
37
83
08
85
73
33
62
16
1
Ass
am
--
--
-1
31
-3
92
-3
52
0-
40
43
40
43
Bih
ar
--
--
--
-1
04
39
12
96
-1
43
91
43
9
Ch
hatt
isg
arh
83
4-
34
41
17
84
80
76
51
07
6-
-1
15
12
-1
38
33
15
01
1
Delh
i-
--
--
--
85
76
30
38
02
-5
28
95
28
9
Go
a-
--
--
-1
6-
--
-1
61
6
Gu
jara
t3
42
90
24
06
23
24
07
62
46
54
85
62
41
35
-8
78
40
90
4-
71
42
71
12
18
9
Hary
an
a-
--
-2
36
77
89
33
77
13
34
54
85
-1
20
65
12
06
5
Jam
mu
& K
ash
mir
--
--
--
--
-2
81
22
-2
81
22
28
12
2
Jhark
han
d8
55
43
25
87
31
17
61
02
09
20
31
15
65
19
36
73
63
14
99
57
18
01
91
81
08
01
98
69
0
Karn
ata
ka
94
38
35
28
02
05
88
19
73
83
39
02
20
36
04
43
24
68
56
03
02
56
46
52
58
52
3
Kera
la3
35
27
92
-4
14
42
44
74
63
29
85
43
93
02
04
39
56
92
26
20
20
06
59
69
06
63
83
4
Mad
hy
a P
rad
esh
--
--
94
2-
61
-4
15
11
74
1-
13
15
91
31
59
Mah
ara
shtr
a-
--
-4
18
25
68
56
11
18
45
52
3-
72
48
72
48
Man
ipu
r-
--
--
--
25
20
--
-2
52
02
52
0
Meg
hala
ya
--
--
--
-1
41
06
26
67
60
32
51
67
88
87
58
88
75
Od
ish
a2
37
67
15
81
13
90
2-
12
52
24
76
22
33
53
93
23
64
21
12
59
27
70
24
28
09
26
Pu
du
ch
err
y-
--
--
--
--
29
40
-2
94
02
94
0
Raja
sth
an
70
01
27
60
32
24
97
10
01
12
11
52
41
40
08
29
48
31
26
04
06
72
71
31
47
49
33
24
05
43
25
17
Tam
il N
ad
u-
--
--
--
-3
27
56
57
0-
56
89
75
68
97
Tela
ng
an
a2
40
--
24
03
97
70
01
52
-2
21
05
05
-1
17
75
12
01
5
Utt
ar
Pra
desh
--
--
--
-1
16
00
34
47
10
01
8-
25
06
52
50
65
West
Ben
gal
12
32
18
59
06
23
23
-2
02
70
33
83
32
23
68
03
35
58
26
41
93
40
42
16
63
Fig
ure
s ro
un
de
d o
ff.
Gra
de
/ S
tate
29-4
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Agency/ Location Mapping Drilling
State/ Area/ Sampling Remarks
District Block Scale Area No. of Meterage (No.) Reserves/Resources estimated
(sq km) boreholes
Table – 2 : Details of Exploration Activities for Kaolin and other Clays, 2014-15
DMG
China Clay
Kerala
Kannur Kannadipoyil area - - 04 97 -
Taluka: Taliparamba
Objective of exploration was investi-gation for china clay by core drilling.The average thickness of overburdenwas found ou t to be abou t 4 mfollowed by later i t ic clay, greyishyellowish, yellowish white variegatedc lay. The ave rage th ickness wasfound out to be about 7 m. Resourceswill be estimated after completionofinvest igat ion.
Koram area - - 09 354 -
Taluka: Taliparamba
Karinthadaom area - - 05 140.5 -
Taluka: Taliparamba
Kollam Kalapoika- - - 12 447 -
Punnathadaom area
Taluka: Kollam
Vaipiriyam, Kankol - - 07 250 -
Taluka: Taliparamba
China clay occurs as sedimentary aswell as residual deposits. The averageth ickness o f overburden was 5 mfol lowed by la ter i t ic c lay, greyishyellowish, yellowish white variegatedclay. The average thickness of claywas found out to be 15 m. About 10mi l l ion tonnes resources wereestmated.
The average a lumnious l a t e r i t ethickness was found out to be 3.5 mand that of low grade clay is 14 m.About 16 million tonnes ressourceswere estimated.
The thickness of lateritic overburdenwas found out to be 5 m and that oflow grade ch ina c l ay was 17 m.Es t ima t ion o f r e s sources wi l l becomputed af t r rece ip t of chemicalanalysis report.
I t was observed that alternate bedsof pale white to greyish clay, palep ink i sh c l ayey sand & b lackca rbonaceous c l ay ex i s t s . Theaverage thickness of overburden wasfound out to be about 7 m and that ofdull white to greyish sandy clay is20m. About 9 .6 mi l l ion tonnestentative resources of dull white togreyish sandy clay were estimated.
Kasargod Nileswaram area - - 05 113.5 - The average of 6 .5 m la ter i tc soi loverburden was present and the claythickness varies from 10-16 m. Theaverage thickness of clay deposit wasfound out to be about 13 m. About52 ,000 tones r e sources wereestimated.
Directorate of Mines & Minerals
West Bengal
Bankura Beliatore area, 1:12500 35 - - 36
Bajora block
Alluvial/lateritic soil which acts as acapping of the underlying clay beds.The overburden have va r i ab lethickness of 1-4 m and the thicknessof clay beds ranges from 2-3 m uptomaximum dep th o f 7 m f rom thesur face . Resources were no testimated.
Dhunara, 1:12500 37.0 - 447 38
Ainagobindapur
Mukundapur,
Bhalaibagan
Alluvial/lateritic soil which acts as acapping of the underlying clay beds.The overburden have va r i ab lethickness of 1.2 - 10.66 m and thethickness of clay deposits varies from3.35 - 6.40 m from the surface.Thechina clay was found to occur withan in te rmi t t en t l aye r o f l a t r i t e inbe tween . Resources were no testimated.
29-5
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Table – 3 : Principal Producers of Kaolin, 2014-15
Location of mineName & address of producer
State District
Shree Ram Minechem Gujarat Kachchh
International,
G.I.D.C Area, Madhapar,
Bhuj-370 020, Distt. Kachchh
Gujarat
EICL Ltd, Kerala Thiruvanantha-
TC- 79/04, Veli, puram
Thiruvananthapuram-695 021,
Kerala.
Manoj P. Solanki, Gujarat Kachchh
Near Thakar Mandir,
Junavas, Madhapar,
Bhuj- 370 020,
Distt. Kachchh
Gujarat.
Satish Valji Chhanga & Gujarat Kachchh
Harilal Hira Jatiya,
Vill. Mamuara,
Taluka. Bhuj, Distt. Kachchh
Gujarat.
Gopal Savabhai Dangar, Gujarat Kachchh
Near Ramdevpir Temple,
Nadapa,
Distt. Kachchh -370 020,
Gujarat.
(Table - 3 Concld.)
Location of mine
Name & address of producer
State District
HD Enterprises Pvt. Ltd, Gujarat Kachchh
101, HD House,
Pooja Complex ‘A’,
Station Road,
P.O. Bhuj,
Distt. Kachchh -370 001,
Gujarat.
Mohd. Sher Khan, Rajasthan Chittorgarh
Khawaja Bagh,
P.O. Sawa,
Distt. Chittorgarh-312 613,
Rajasthan.
Rajmahal Quartz Sand & Jharkhand Sahebganj
Kaolin Co.
Mangalhat Hills, Rajmahal,
Distt. Sahebganj-816 108,
Jharkhand.
R.B. Mining & Company, Rajasthan Bhilwara
25/531, Neelkanth Colony,
Vill. Gudda, P.O. Mandal,
Distt. Bhilwara-311 403,
Rajasthan.
(Contd.)
Table – 4 : Production of Kaolin (Total) 2012-13 to 2014-15*
(By States)(Qty in tonnes; Value in ` '000)
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15* (P)
State
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 4258697 1157392 4853420 1240484 3861380 1100154
Figures rounded off.Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised sector reporting consumption.*: Paucity of data hence coverage may not be complete.
29-12
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
TRADE POLICYAs per the Foreign Trade Policy (FTP)
2009-2014, there are no restrictions on exports and
imports of china clay (kaolin).
WORLD REVIEWThe world production of kaolin remained steady
at 26.9 million tonnes in 2014 as compared to
26.7 million tonne in the previous year. Seven countries,
namely, USA, Germany, China, Brazil, Ukraine, Iran and
Turkey accounted for about 68% world production.
The share of USA in total world production was about
22%, followed by Germany (16%), China (12%), Brazil
(6%), Ukraine (5%), Iran (4%) and Turkey (3%)
(Table-11).
Table – 12 : Exports of Kaolin(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)Country
Qty Value Qty Value(t) (` '000) (t) (` '000)
All Countries 276165 1053487 258330 941752
UAE 205898 313147 198089 262280
Bangladesh 29010 134187 25392 135305
Iran 6349 68271 5799 89052
Germany 4753 78775 3174 55302
Sri Lanka 1896 31877 2448 38613
Indonesia 1244 27220 1518 35763
UK 1446 23426 1711 28745
Malaysia 1356 26409 1013 20958
South Africa 1430 22077 2043 20055
Turkey 791 16120 873 17036
Other countries 21992 311978 16270 238643
Table – 11 : World Production of Kaolin(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
Count ry 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
World: Total 27600 26700 26900
Belgium(e)
3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0
Brazil 2 3 8 8 2 1 3 9 1 7 0 6
China(e)
3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 2 0 0
Czech Republic 6 2 4 6 0 9 6 1 7
Egypt(e)
3 0 0 300 (e ) 300
France 3 0 8 3 0 0 3 1 1
Germany 4 3 9 9 4 3 4 9 4 2 7 5
I r an 1 5 0 3 1000 (e ) 1000 (e )
Korea, Rep. of 7 9 7 8 4 7 6 8 3
Malaysia 4 3 9 2 9 3 2 0 8
Mexico 5 1 5 6 7 0 600 (e )
Portugal 3 2 2 2 4 8 2 6 5
Spain 4 0 2 4 1 1 3 5 0
Turkey 9 8 8 1 0 2 7 7 3 4
Ukraine 1 2 1 8 1 1 7 9 1 4 2 6
USA 5 9 8 0 5 9 5 0 5 8 3 0
Vietnam(e)
6 5 0 6 5 0 6 5 0
Other countries 3 2 6 7 3 2 2 8 4 4 4 5
Source: World Mineral Production, 2010-2014.
USAKaMin LLC is to buy Imerys US based global
ultraline paperhydrous kaolin (UPHK) business
to bolster its expertise in kaolin & boost its
product offering. The UPHK business is par of
Imery's recent acquisi t ion of BASF's paper
hadrous kaolin business (PHK). Under the term
of agrement, Imerys will retain all of the non-UPHK
business from the BASF transaction.
The Germany-headquarter and Chemical CompanyBASF has completed the divestment of its global PHKbusiness to Imerys under the term of agreement, BASFwll continue to produce and supply PHK products toImerys for a perod of time determined by the FrenchCompany to ensure a smooth transtion of customersBASF continues to be a leading global supplier to thepaper industry and offers a wide range of products forpaper manufacturing & coating.
AustraliaTellu Holdings Ltd is developing the Sandy Ridge
facility 140km NW of Kalgoordie, Western Australiaprimarily for waste disposal in voids created by themining and for processing of the removed kaolin.
In Western Australia, the kaolinised ganitedeposits were evaluated in great detail by CRA/RioTinto in Wickepin area, 180 km SE of Perth. These wereacquired some years ago by WA kaolin HoldngsPvt.Ltd. (WAK).
FOREIGN TRADEExports
Exports of kaolin decreased marginallyto 258,330 tonnes in 2014-15 from 276,165 tonnes in2013-14. UAE (77%) and Bangladesh (10%)were the major importing countries in 2014-15 (Table-12).
Imports
Imports of kaolin increased to 93,322 tonnes in2014-15 from 80,204 tonnes in 2013-14. Major supplierswere USA (61%) Ukraine (12%),China (7%) and UK(4%) (Table- 13).
29-13
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
FUTURE OUTLOOKIndia has abundant resources of kaolin which
can easily meet both the internal and the external
demands. The processing of kaolin in the country
is done mostly by conventional methods like
levigation and washing. New capacities for High-
tech processing have to be establ ished and
existing capacities in the country have to be
augmented to meet the demand of processed
kaolin in the future.
In the Indian kaolin market, good growth is
expected both for hydrous and calcined clay
particularly in paint, cables, plastics, rubber and
ceramics. The apparent demand of china clay is
estimated at 4.61 million tonnes by 2016-17 and that
of ball clay at 1.82 million tonnes by 2016-17 at 9%
growth rate by the Planning Commission of India.
2. Ball ClayBall clay commonly consists of 20-80%
kaolinite, 10-25% mica & 6-65% quartz. Ball clay
and china clay differ only in the degree of
plasticity. China clay is less plastic than ball clay.
Ball clay is a highly plastic variety of kaolin having
high b ind ing power, t ens i l e s t reng th and
shrinkage. It is utilised generally after mixing
Table – 13 : Imports of Kaolin(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15(P)Country
Qty Value Qty Value(t) (` '000) (t) (` '000)
All Countries 80204 1420872 93322 1662634
USA 44271 878669 56759 1135291
Ukraine 8863 91287 10818 117987
China 10955 158652 6136 92907
France 4740 91538 3332 62199
UK 2093 38112 3409 52895
Spain 96 1648 1474 42099
Germany 1058 18785 2154 36618
Czech Republic 203 3641 2215 27946
New Zealand 399 15289 504 19526
Iran 1918 12142 2330 18303
Other countries 5608 111109 4191 56863
with non-plast ic clay to impart the desired
plasticity in pottery, porcelain and refractory
materials. It also helps in the preparation of glaze,
enamels and for imparting a dense vitrified body.
RESOURCESDeposits of ball clays are relatively scarce
due to the combination of geological factors
needed for their formation.The total resources of
ball clay as on 1.4.2010 in the country are placed
at 83.39 million tonnes. Out of these resources,
the reserves are about 16.78 million tonnes and
the remaining resources are 66.61 million tonnes.
More than 62% resources are in Andhra Pradesh,
followed by Rajasthan with 38%. Resources in
Gujarat are nominal. Out of the total resources,
ceramic/pottery grade constitutes 89%. All India
reserves/resources of ball clay are given in
Table-14.
PRODUCTION, STOCKS &
PRICES
The production of ball clay at 1,910 thousand
tonnes in 2014-15 (upto January 2015) increased
by 10% as compared to that in the previous year.
During the year under review, there were
54 reporting mines as against 48 in 2013-14.
Besides, production of ball clay was reported
as an assoc ia ted minera l by twelve mines
during 2014-15 as against 13 in 2013-14. Ten
principal producers accounted for about 64% of
total production. The share of public sector mines
in the total production was nominal as compared
to about 1% in the preceding year.
Rajasthan continued to be the leading state
in ball clay production accounting for 92% of the
total production followed by Andhra Pradesh with
8%. Nominal production was reported from Tamil
Nadu. (Tables -15 to 17 )
Mine-head closing stock of ball clay for the
year 2014-15 (upto January 2015) was 1,147
thousand tonnes as against 1 ,147 thousand
tonnes in the previous year. (Table-18)
The average daily employment of labour in
2014-15 was 625 as against 750 in the previous
year.
Domestic prices of ballclay are furnished in
the General Review on 'Prices'.
29-14
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Ta
ble
– 1
4 :
Rese
rv
es/
Reso
urces
of
Ba
ll C
lay
as
on
1.4
.20
10
(By
Gra
des/
Sta
tes)
(In
to
nn
es)
Rese
rves
Rem
ain
ing
reso
urc
es
To
tal
Gra
de/S
tate
Pro
ved
Pro
bab
leT
ota
lF
easi
bil
tyP
re-f
easi
bil
ity
Measu
red
Ind
icate
dIn
ferr
ed
To
tal
reso
urc
es
ST
D1
11
(A)
ST
D2
11
ST
D3
31
ST
D3
32
ST
D3
33
(B
)(A
+B
)
ST
D1
21
ST
D1
22
ST
D2
21
ST
D2
22
All
In
dia
: T
ota
l1
22
92
82
03
50
83
24
13
41
90
16
77
78
42
61
22
45
03
90
69
58
12
38
75
75
26
84
86
22
79
33
04
16
50
86
36
66
15
66
28
33
93
50
4
By
Gra
des
Cera
mic
/Po
ttery
12
25
23
80
35
08
32
40
59
39
01
66
62
60
23
22
52
79
38
18
04
01
11
58
60
72
68
48
62
27
93
30
36
98
99
41
57
73
96
83
74
40
22
85
Oth
ers
40
44
0-
74
80
01
15
24
0-
46
13
46
73
20
--
10
78
00
22
12
54
33
64
94
Un
cla
ssif
ied
--
--
28
97
17
14
27
84
11
61
64
8-
-4
55
31
22
86
54
72
58
65
47
25
By
Sta
tes
An
dh
ra P
rad
esh
60
17
41
2-
12
88
72
07
30
61
32
18
21
23
32
80
62
67
95
12
51
3-
22
79
33
02
75
55
82
44
39
75
16
75
12
81
29
9
Gu
jara
t-
--
--
--
24
98
10
-4
96
70
29
94
80
29
94
80
Raja
sth
an
62
75
40
83
50
83
22
84
54
70
94
71
71
04
30
12
17
11
00
69
12
87
50
62
18
67
6-
14
04
53
69
22
34
10
15
31
81
27
25
Fig
ure
s ro
un
de
d o
ff.
29-15
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Table – 15 : Principal Producers of Ball Clay2014-15
Location of mineName & address of producer
State District
* Shanta Sales Corporation, Rajasthan Bikaner
H/o Mohanlal Mathur,
Behind Rajasthan Pan Bhandar,
Rani Bazar,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
Jaichand Lal Daga, Rajasthan Bikaner
1st Floor,
Labhuji Ka Katla,
Kotegate,
Bikaner - 334 001,
Rajasthan.
Anirudh Mines & Minerals, Rajasthan Bikaner
Near Ramdev Park,
Outside Nathusar Gate,
Bikaner – 334 004,
Rajasthan.
Sunder Lal Daga, Rajasthan Bikaner
Bagree Mohalla,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
* Sampat Lal Daga, Rajasthan Bikaner
1st Floor,
Labhu Ji Ka Katla,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
Location of mine
Name & address of producer
State District
(Table - 15 Concld.)
(Contd.)
Sandeep Chandna, Rajasthan Bikaner
Ramnath Sadan,
Near Arya Samaj Mandir,
Rathkhana Colony,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
* Narendra Kumar Devra, Rajasthan Bikaner
Ward No. 51,
Near Ratan Sagar Well,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
* Smt Rama Devi Sharma, Rajasthan Bikaner
99-100, Industrial Area,
Road No.-9, Rani Bazar,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
Vijayabharti Corporation, Andhra- West-
Door No. 22 D-3-30/1, Pradesh Godawari
Ramalayam Street,
Ramkrishnapuram,
Eluru, West Godawari-534 002,
Andhra Pradesh.
Surendra Singh Baid, Rajasthan Bikaner
1-B-10, Pawanpuri,
Bikaner-334 001,
Rajasthan.
Table – 16 : Production of Ball clay, 2012-13 to 2014-15(By States)
(Qty in tonnes; Value in `'000)
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15* (P)State
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 1750559 780732 2130995 1055362 1910060 920542
( ) Figures in parentheses indicate associated mines of ball
clay (others), fireclay and kaolin.
Table – 18 : Mine-head Closing Stocks of Ball Clay
2013-14 & 2014-15
(By States)
(In tonnes)
State 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 2014-15*(P) :
India 1146657 1048205
Andhra Pradesh 156849 156727
Gujarat 267711 147923
Rajasthan 714674 741530
Tamil Nadu 7423 2025
Table – 19 : Consumption* of Ball clay
2012-13 to 2014-15
(By Industries)
(In tonnes)
Industry 2012-13 2013-14 (R) 2014-15(P)
All Industries 585000 582500 583800
Ceramic(e)
565200(222) 565200(222) 565200(222)
Refractory 19700(30) 17200(30) 18500(30)
Others (Abrasive) 100(3) 100(3) 100(3)
Figures rounded off.Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in the
organised sector.* Paucity of data hence coverage may not be completed.SPECIFICATIONS
The specifications for plastic clay and washedplastic clay for use in Ceramic Industry areprescribed vide IS:4589-2002 (Third Revision,reaffirmed 2008 ).
CONSUMPTIONConsumption of ball clay decreased slightly
from 582,000 tonnes in 2013-14 to 583,800 tonnesin 2014-15 . About 97% consumpt ion wasaccounted for by the Ceramic Industry. Theremaining consumption was reported by theRefractory and Abrasive Industries (Table- 19).
FOREIGN TRADEExports
Exports of ball clay increased substantiallyto 57,557 tonnes in 2014-15 from 35,694 tonnesin the previous year. Exports were mainly toBangladesh (46%) and Oman (21%) (Table- 20).
ImportsImports of ball clay decreased considerably
to 125,384 tonnes in 2014-15 as compared to130,804 tonnes in the previous year. Imports weremainly from Ukraine (49%), Malaysia (18%),UK (17%) and China (11%) (Table- 21).
Table – 20 : Exports of Ball Clay
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15(P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (` '000) (t) (` '000)
All Countries 35694 158847 57557 194269
Bangladesh 27248 125715 26620 110583
Oman 6902 23088 12150 29976
UAE 380 1183 7097 18138
Saudi Arabia 26 171 8875 17977
Iran 27 158 749 5461
Malaysia 420 3555 1000 5365
Kuwait 252 1452 714 4708
Kenya 240 1597 264 1408
Sri Lanka 26 222 57 465
China - - 1 54
Other countries 173 1705 30 134
* Data up to January, 2015
29-17
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
3. Clay (others)Clay under this category includes aluminous,
ferruginous and tile & brick making clays.
PRODUCTION, STOCKS &
PRICESThe production of clay (others) at 2,248 thousand
tonnes in 2014-15 (up to January 2015) decreased byabout 10% as compared to 2,507 thousand tonnes inthe previous year.
There were 43 reporting mines in 2014-15 asagainst 55 mines in the previous year. Besidesproduction of clay (others) was reported by28 mines as associated mineral in 2014-15 and 33for the previous year. About, 37% of the totalproduction of clay (others) was reported as anassociated mineral. Entire production of clay(others ) was contributed by private sector. About69% of the total production was contributed byeight principal producers.
Gujarat, the major producing state, accountedfor about 67% of the total production during theperiod under review, followed by Madhya Pradesh(16%), Kerala (6%), Rajasthan (5%) and theremaining 6% was reported from Andhra Pradesh& Telangana.
Nineteen mines and twelve associated mines
having annual production more than 10,000 tonnescontributed about 97% of the total production
(Tables- 22 to 25)
Mine-head closing stock of clay (others)for the year 2014-15 was 205 thousand tonnesas against 202 thousand tonnes in the previousyear (Table - 26)
The average daily employment of labour
was 405 during 2014-15 as against 603 in the
previous year.
Domestic prices of clay are furnished in the
General Review on 'Prices'.
Table – 21 : Imports of Ball Clay(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)Country
Qty Value Qty Value(t) (` '000) (t) (` '000)
All Countries 130804 915231 125384 957636
Ukraine 52554 400319 61021 453872
UK 18267 226682 21224 242144
China 9995 80512 14223 110337
Malaysia 45363 145379 22853 65585
USA 518 11548 983 22178
Thailand 1960 20440 2130 22125
Portugal 1508 16887 1300 13719
Spain - - 702 9235
France 236 3081 446 5412
Japan 100 2565 180 5325
Other countries 303 7818 322 7704
Table – 22 : Principal Producers of Clay(Others), 2014-15
Location of mineName and address of producer
State District
Bhupendra Reva Sankar Gor, Gujarat Kachchh
66, Devkrupa, Limbda Street,
Bhuj, Kachchh - 370 001,
Gujarat.
* ACC Ltd., Madhya- Katni
‘Cement House’, Pradesh
121, Maharshi Karve Road,
Mumbai – 400 020,
Maharashtra.
English India Clays Ltd., Kerala Thiruvanan-
TC-79/04, Veli, thapuram
Thiruvananthapuram–695 021,
Kerala.
Ishvarlal Nanjibhai Bhavani, Gujarat Kachchh
113-114, Pooja-B,
Behind ICICI Bank,
Station Road, Bhuj - 370 001,
Distt. Kachchh,
Gujarat.
Kissan Minerals, Gujarat Kachchh
Shop No. 4, Mate Buiding,
Salari Naka Road,
Rapar-370 165,
Distt. Kachchh,
Gujarat.
Ratanbhai Dalabhai Gohil, Gujarat Kachchh
Goyalvas, Bhimasar (Bhuj),
Rapar-370 160,
Distt. Kachchh,
Gujarat.
*Shankarlal Gangaram Thakkar, Gujarat Patan
DBZ South-157, Zanda Chowk,
Gandhidham-370 201,
Distt. Kachchh,
Gujarat.
Satyam Minerals, Gujarat Kachchh
Survey No.947, Paiki,
Hamirpar Moti, Rapar–370 165,
Distt. Kachchh,
Gujarat.
* Producing clay (others) as an associated mineral.
29-18
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Table – 23 : Production of Clay (Others), 2012-13 to 2014-15(By States)
(Qty in tonnes; value in `’000)
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15*(P)State
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
India 2680726 353628 2506662 382002 2248184 384286
Figures in parentheses indicate number of associated mines of Clay (others) with ball clay, dolomite, kaolin/chnaclay, laterite, limestone, ochre & steatite.Data up to January 2015* only labour or production of associated mineral reported.# : Figures mentioned against 2013-14 are of distiricts which are part of present Andhra Pradesh and TelanganaStates.
*Data up to January 2015# : Figures mentioned against 2013-14 are of districts which are part of present Andhra Pradesh and Telanganastates.
29-19
KAOLIN, BALL CLAY, OTHER CLAYS AND SHALE
Table – 25 : Production of Clay (Others), 2013-14 and 2014-15*
(By Frequency Groups)(Qty in tonnes)
No. of mines Production for Percentage in total Cumulative
* Data up to January, 2015( ): Figures in parentheses indicate number of Associated mines of Clay (Others) with ball clay, dolomite, kaolin/ china clay, laterite, limestone, ochre & Talc/soapstone/steatite.